Blue skin may refer to Argyria , caused by the ingestion of elemental silver, silver dust or silver compounds Methemoglobinemia , the presence of excessive levels of Methemoglobin in the blood Cyanosis , caused by the presence of deoxygenated hemoglobin in blood vessels near the skin surface Blue baby syndrome Purpura Bruise Petechia See also Blue people disambiguation disambig ... more details
Wiktionary Ashen could mean Made from ash tree ash wood Having a colour resembling ash the unburnable solid remains of a fire . In a medical context, ashen equate with cyanosis, referring to a bluish hue resulting from a lack of oxygenation of hemoglobin in the blood. Ashen, Essex Ashen , a demo by the funeral doom metal band Celestiial Ashen game Ashen light , a subtle glow that is seen from the night side of the planet Venus. disambig ... more details
Blue people may refer to Methemoglobinemia Blue Fugates , naturally blue skinned people of Appalachia Cyanosis a name for the Tuareg people , from their traditional clothing A term in the United States to refer to Democratic Party United States popular culture the Smurfs cartoon and comic series The Na vi are a fictional species that live on Pandora in Avatar 2009 film See also Blue skin disambiguation disambig ... more details
A cyanotic heart defect is a group type of congenital congenital heart defect heart defects CHD s . The patient appears blue cyanosis cyanotic , due to deoxygenated blood bypassing the lung s and entering the systemic circulation . This can be caused by right to left shunt right to left or bidirectional shunt bidirectional shunt medical shunting , or malposition of the great arteries . Cyanotic heart defects, which account for approximately 25 of all CHDs, include Tetralogy of Fallot ToF Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection Hypoplastic left heart syndrome HLHS Transposition of the great arteries d TGA Persistent truncus arteriosus Truncus arteriosus Persistent Tricuspid atresia Interrupted aortic arch Pulmonary atresia PA Pulmonary stenosis critical Eisenmenger syndrome Reversal of Shunt due to Pulmonary Hypertension . Patent ductus arteriosus may cause cyanosis in late stage ref Page cite book author Elizabeth D Agabegi Agabegi, Steven S. title Step Up to Medicine Step Up Series publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins location Hagerstwon, MD year 2008 pages isbn 0 7817 7153 6 oclc doi accessdate ref Non Cyanotic Heart Defects Non cyanotic heart defects are more common because of higher survival. In these the shunt is initially from left oxygenated to right non oxygenated . These are Atrial septal defect Ventricular septal defect Coarctation of aorta may cause cyanosis in some cases Double outlet left right ventricle References reflist Category Congenital heart disease ... more details
A hyperoxia test is a test that is performed usually on an infant to determine whether the patient s cyanosis is due to lung disease or a problem with blood circulation. ref name Nadas cite book last Fyler first edited by John F. Keane, James E. Lock, Donald C. title Nadas pediatric cardiology year 2006 publisher Saunders u.a. location Philadelphia u.a. isbn 978 1 4160 2390 6 edition 2nd ed. url http www.mdconsult.com books page.do?eid 4 u1.0 B978 1 4160 2390 6..50016 7 cesec22&isbn 978 1 4160 2390 6&sid 1223957161&uniqId 288314811 3 4 u1.0 B978 1 4160 2390 6..50016 7 cesec31 ref sup 141 sup ref name pedsed cite web url http www.pediatriceducation.org 2006 01 23 title When Do Cyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases Present? publisher Pediatric Education date 2006 01 23 accessdate 2011 10 26 ref It is performed by measuring the arterial blood gases of the patient while he breathes room air, then re measuring the blood gases after the patient has breathed 100 oxygen for 10 minutes. ref name Nadas ref sup 141 sup ref name PedsOnCall cite web author Dr. Ira Shah url http www.pediatriconcall.com fordoctor Conference abstracts Blue baby.asp title How To Manage Blue Baby Maha Neocon 2005 pediatric oncall publisher Pediatriconcall.com date 2006 02 15 accessdate 2011 10 26 ref If the cause of the cyanosis is due to poor oxygen saturation by the lungs, allowing the patient to breath 100 O2 will augment the lungs ability to saturate the blood with oxygen, and the partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood will rise usually above 150 mmHg ref name PedsOnCall . However, if the lungs are healthy and already fully saturating the blood that is delivered to them, then supplemental oxygen will have no effect, and the partial pressure of oxygen will usually remain below 100mmHg. ref name PedsOnCall In this case, the cyanosis is most likely due to blood that moves from the systemic veins to the systemic arteries via a right to left shunt without ever going through the lungs. ref name Nadas ... more details
Orphan date November 2006 Infobox disease Name Pulmonary artery sling Image Caption DiseasesDB 30767 ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj ped eMedicineTopic 2525 MeshID Pulmonary artery sling is a rare condition in which the left pulmonary artery anomalously originates from a normally positioned right pulmonary artery . The left pulmonary artery then progresses posteriorly over the right main bronchus near its origin from the Vertebrate trachea trachea , traverses between the trachea and the esophagus and enters the left hilum of lung hilum . Symptoms include cyanosis , dyspnoea and apnoeic spells. It is almost always fatal and usually requires surgical intervention. Rarely it is asymptomatic and is detected incidentally in asymptomatic adults. DEFAULTSORT Pulmonary Artery Sling Category Vascular diseases Disease stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Hb Bassett is a Hemoglobin variants hemoglobin variant that exhibits a very reduced oxygen affinity Abdulmalik et al., 2004 . Hb Bassett arises from a mutation at the alpha 94 G1 position whereby aspartic acid is replaced by alanine Abdulmalik et al., 2004 . Hb Bassett is a disruption of the alpha1 and beta2 contact point Voet and Voet, 2006, Abdulmalik et al., 2004 . Hemoglobin of the Bassett variety has much higher P50 than normal hemoglobin . At pH 7, Hb Bassett has a P50 of approximately 22mmHg and normal hemoglobin has an approximate P50 of 10.5mmHg Abdulmalik et al., 2004 . In addition to high P50 values, Hb Bassett shows a reduced Bohr effect reduced oxygen unloading and low cooperativity n 1.4 resulting in lower oxygen affinity Abdulmalik et al., 2004 . These factors conspire to produce a hemoglobin variant that does not provide sufficient oxygen and manifests itself as low oxygen saturation, episodes of cyanosis and anemia Abdulmalik et al., 2004 . The proposed explanation for Hb Bassett s instability is loosening and destabilization of the hemoglobin R state bound ligand oxygen and a resulting shift in the equilibrium that exists between the two states towards the T state unbound oxygen . The instability is localized at the interface between the two dimeric subunits of hemoglobin. The lack of bound oxygen in Hb Bassett homozygote s leads to the clinical outcome of cyanosis they are cyanotic Abdulmalik et al., 2004 . References http www3.interscience.wiley.com cgi bin abstract 109716685 ABSTRACT?CRETRY 1&SRETRY 0 Category Hemoglobins ... more details
For other uses of the term hypoxia Hypoxia disambiguation Hypoxic hypoxia is a result of insufficient oxygen available to the lungs. A blocked airway, a drowning or a reduction in partial pressure high altitude above 10,000 feet are obvious examples of how lungs can be deprived of oxygen. Some medical examples are abnormal pulmonary function or Respiration physiology respiratory obstruction, or a right to left shunt in the heart . Hypoxic hypoxia is seen in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD , neuromuscular diseases or interstitial lung disease . Some symptoms of hypoxic hypoxia are Cyanosis Headache Decreased reaction time Impaired judgment time Euphoria Visual impairment Drowsiness Lightheaded or dizzy sensation Tingling in fingers and toes Numbness See also Pulmonology Oxygen Bibliography refbegin Flight Standards Service. Pilot s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge FAA Manual H 8083 25 . Washington, DC Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, 2001. ISBN 1 56027 540 5. refend med stub Category Respiratory diseases ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 A double inlet left ventricle DILV is a congenital heart defect where both the left atrium and the right atrium feed into the left ventricle . Usually a hypoplastic right ventricle also exists the condition is sometimes referred to as single ventricle . The arteries are usually transposed the aorta from the right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery from the left ventricle . Effects Infants born with DILV have excessive blood flow to the pulmonary circulation. They cannot feed normally and have difficulty gaining weight. Excessive pulmonary circulation leads to decreased systemic circulation lack of oxygen to the body and organs . Infants develop cyanosis and or breathlessness early. Treatment This treatment is usually treated with surgery. Surgical options include the Damus Kaye Stansel Procedure, the Fontan procedure , and the Norwood procedure . The goal of all of these is separating the pulmonary and the systemic circulation. Category Congenital heart disease ... more details
Infobox disease Name Rombo syndrome Image Caption DiseasesDB 33487 ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 180730 OMIM mult MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Rombo syndrome is a very rare genetic disorder characterized mainly by atrophoderma vermiculatum of the face ref name Andrews James, William Berger, Timothy Elston, Dirk 2005 . Andrews Diseases of the Skin Clinical Dermatology . 10th ed. . Saunders. ISBN 0 7216 2921 0. ref rp 580 , multiple milia , telangiectases , acral erythema ref name pmid11422044 cite journal author van Steensel MA, Jaspers NG, Steijlen PM title A case of Rombo syndrome journal Br. J. Dermatol. volume 144 issue 6 pages 1215 8 year 2001 month June pmid 11422044 doi 10.1046 j.1365 2133.2001.04235.x url http www3.interscience.wiley.com resolve openurl?genre article&sid nlm pubmed&issn 0007 0963&date 2001&volume 144&issue 6&spage 1215 ref ,peripheral vasodilation with cyanosis ref name pmid6177160 cite journal author Micha lsson G, Olsson E, Westermark P title The Rombo syndrome a familial disorder with vermiculate atrophoderma, milia, hypotrichosis, trichoepitheliomas, basal cell carcinomas and peripheral vasodilation with cyanosis journal Acta Derm. Venereol. volume 61 issue 6 pages 497 503 year 1981 pmid 6177160 doi url ref and a propensity to develop basal cell carcinoma s ref name pmid11422044 . The lesions become visible in late childhood, began at ages 7 to 10 years and are most pronounced on the face, At that time a pronounced, somewhat cyanosis cyanotic redness of the lips and hands was evident as well as moderate follicular atrophy of the skin on the cheeks. In adulthood, whitish yellow, milia like papules and telangiectatic vessels developed. The papules were present particularly on the cheeks and forehead , gradually becoming very conspicuous and dominating the clinical picture. Trichoepithelioma s were found in 1 case. In adults, the eyelashes and eyebrows were either missing or irregularly distributed with defective and maldirected gr ... more details
Salt water aspiration syndrome is a rare diving disorders diving disorder suffered by Scuba diving SCUBA divers who inhale a mist of seawater from a faulty demand valve causing irritation of the lung s. ref cite journal author Edmonds C title A salt water aspiration syndrome journal Mil Med volume 135 issue 9 pages 779 85 year 1970 month September pmid 4991232 doi url ref ref cite journal author Edmonds C title Drowning syndromes the mechanism. journal South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal volume 28 issue 1 year 1998 issn 0813 1988 oclc 16986801 url http archive.rubicon foundation.org 5913 accessdate 2008 07 04 ref It can be treated by rest for several hours. If severe, medical assessment is required. Symptoms Symptoms of salt water aspiration syndrome include Aches and pains Cyanosis Mild fever Shortness of breath See also Pulmonary aspiration References Reflist External links http www.scuba doc.com saltwasp.html Diving Medicine Online &mdash Salt Water Aspiration Syndrome Category Diving medicine ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Signs of death Pallor mortis Latin language Latin for paleness of death is a postmortem paleness which happens in those with light skin almost instantly in the 15 20 minutes after the death because of a lack of capillary circulation throughout the body . The blood sinks down into the lower parts according to gravity of the body creating the livor mortis . Paleness develops so rapidly after death that it has little to no use in determining the time of death, aside from saying that it either happened less than 30 minutes ago or more, which could help if the body was found very quickly after death. Also, a living person can look death pale. This can happen when the circumstances make the blood escape from the surface of the skin, as in deep shock. Also heart failure Insufficientia cordis can make the face look gray the person then also has cyanosis blue lips . DEFAULTSORT Pallor Mortis Category Signs of death Category Latin medical phrases Medical stub es Pallor mortis pl Blado po miertna pt Pallor mortis sr Pallor mortis sh Pallor mortis fi Kuolonkalpeus sv Likblekhet ... more details
such as Beau s lines , clubbing or Cyanosis Peripheral cyanosis peripheral cyanosis . Inspect ... for hydration and pallor or central cyanosis . The ear lobes for Frank s sign . Then inspect the precordium ... more details
Pulmonic stenosis , also known as Pulmonary stenosis , is a dynamic or fixed obstruction to flow from the right ventricle of the heart to the pulmonary artery . It is usually first diagnosed in childhood. Pulmonic stenosis is usually due to isolated valvular obstruction Pulmonary valve stenosis , but may be due to subvalvular or supravalvular Stenosis of pulmonary artery obstruction. It may occur in association with more complicated congenital heart disorder s. Pathophysiology When pulmonary stenosis PS is present, resistance to blood flow causes right ventricular hypertrophy. If right ventricular failure develops, right atrial pressure will increase, and this may result in reopening of the foramen ovale , shunting of unoxygenated blood into the left atrium, and systemic cyanosis . If PS is not severe, congestive heart failure occurs, and systemic venous engorgement will be noted. An associated defect such as a patent ductus arteriosus partially compensates for the obstruction by shunting blood from the aorta to the pulmonary artery and into the lungs. References Ren Jul. 15, 2009 . http emedicine.medscape.com article 157737 overview Pulmonic Stenosis . eMedicine Specialties Cardiology Valvular Heart Disease . Hockenberry, M. J., & Wilson, D. 2009 . Wong s essentials of pediatric nursing. 8 ed., Vol. 1, p. 872 . St. Louis, Missouri Mosby. Category Valvular heart disease Cardiology stub ... more details
Refimprove date December 2007 Venous congestion is the dilation of veins and capillaries due to impaired venous drainage which results in passive hyperaemia or venous congestion, commonly referred to as congestion. Congestion may be acute or chronic, the later being more common and called chronic venous congestion CVC . The affected tissue or organ is bluish in color cyanosis due to red cell stasis and accumulation of deoxygenated hemoglobin. ref Kumar, Abbas, Fausto, Aster. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. Eighth Edition, Saunders, Elsevier, 2010. ref It is of 2 types a Local venous congestion due to obstruction and subsequent reduced venous outflow from an organ or part of body, e.g. portal venous obstruction in cirrhosis of liver. b Systemic general venous congestion is engorgement of systemic veins, eg.in left sided and right sided heart failure and lung diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis which interfere with pulmonary blood flow. Blood sucking leeches may be a suitable remedy against acute venuous congestion. Symptoms Symptoms include engorgement of the blood vessels, hemorrhage into the interstitium , wikt congestion congestion and edematous edemation in the organ, and prolonged standing as in heart failure . Macrophagic infiltration medical infiltration takes up the cellular debris. The haemoglobin is converted into haemosiderin inside cells in the organ. In the lung, the haemosiderin cells are known as heart failure cells . The appearance of chronic venous congestion of the lungs is rusty brown, due to brown induration of the lungs. References Reflist Category Vascular diseases med stub ... more details
Infobox disease Name Choanal atresia ICD10 ICD10 Q 30 0 q 30 ICD9 ICD9 748.0 ICDO Image Caption OMIM 608911 MedlinePlus 001642 eMedicineSubj ent eMedicineTopic 330 DiseasesDB 31330 Choanal atresia is a congenital disorder where the back of the nasal passage choana is blocked, usually by abnormal bone bony or soft tissue formed during fetal development. Presentation It can be unilateral or bilateral. Sometimes, a unilateral choanal atresia is not detected until much later in life because the baby manages to get along with only one nostril available for breathing. Bilateral choanal atresia is a very serious life threatening condition because the infant baby will then be unable to breathe directly after childbirth birth as babies are obligate nasal breathing obligate nasal breathers they must use their noses to breathe . In some cases, this may present as cyanosis while the baby is feeding, because the oral air passages are blocked by the tongue, further restricting the airway. The cyanosis may improve when the baby cries, as the oral airway is used at this time. These babies may require airway resuscitation soon after birth. Associated conditions Sometimes babies born with choanal atresia also have other abnormalities coloboma heart defects mental retardation growth impairment others see also CHARGE syndrome Also any condition that causes significant depression of the nasal bridge or midface retraction can be associated with choanal atresia. Examples include the craniosynostosis syndromes such as Crouzon syndrome , Pfeiffer syndrome , and Antley Bixler syndrome . Diagnosis Choanal atresia can be suspected if it is impossible to insert a nasal catheter . Also, if one notices a continuous stream of mucous draining from one or both nostrils, it could be a sign of an atresia. Diagnosis is confirmed by radiology radiological imaging, usually CT scan . Treatment Temporary alleviation can be achieved by inserting an oral airway into the mouth. However, the only definitive tr ... more details
diseases and diseases associated with central cyanosis . Other causative conditions include infections ... Acrocyanosis is characterized by peripheral cyanosis persistent cyanosis of the hands or of the hands ... to cold temperatures worsens the cyanosis, while it often improves on warming. ref name Cecil ... Raynaud s phenomenon , cyanosis is continually persistent. In addition, there is usually no associated ... illness is present. A sympathectomy would alleviate the cyanosis by disrupting the fibers of the sympathetic ... also Chilblains Pernio Chilblains Cyanosis Peripheral artery occlusive disease Raynaud s phenomenon ... more details
to cyanosis and resultant organ damage. In an infant with significant Eisenmenger physiology the skin ... is also known as Hippocratic fingers Signs and symptoms of Eisenmenger syndrome include Cyanosis, a blue ... more details
unreferenced date June 2010 Eileen Saxon was an infant known as The Blue Baby , because of a condition called Tetralogy of Fallot , one of the primary congenital defects that lead to blue baby syndrome . In this condition, defects in the great vessels and wall of the heart lead to a chronic lack of oxygen in the blood. In Eileen s case, this made her lips and fingers turn blue, with the rest of her skin having a very faint blue tinge. She could only take a few steps before beginning to breathe heavily. On November 29, 1944, Saxon was the first human to receive a groundbreaking operation now known as a Blalock Taussig shunt suggested by pediatrics pediatric cardiologist Helen B. Taussig and administered by Alfred Blalock , with Vivien Thomas , who had perfected the surgery in laboratory tests on animals, standing over his shoulder to advise him on performing the surgery. The surgery had been designed and first performed on laboratory dogs by Thomas, who taught the technique to Blalock. Although Thomas perfected the technique, he could not perform the surgery because he was not a doctor. The surgery was not completely successful, since Eileen Saxon became cyanosis cyanotic again a few months later. Another shunt was attempted on the opposite side of the chest, but she died a few days afterwards, very close to her third birthday. Though Eileen died, she lived long enough to demonstrate that the operation would work. The team later discovered the operation worked best in older children. Eileen herself could not have waited any longer. By the time the first shunt was attempted on her, she was in danger of dying. The 2004 movie produced by HBO , Something The Lord Made , is a dramatic documentary based on the Saxon baby operation. External links http www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu page1.htm Blue Baby Operation Exhibit Website imdb title id 0386792 title Something the Lord Made Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Saxon, Eileen ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPT ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Phlegmasia cerulea dolens Image Caption DiseasesDB 32484 ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus 000200 eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 2767 MeshID Phlegmasia cerulea dolens literally painful blue edema is an uncommon severe form of deep venous thrombosis which results from extensive Thrombosis thrombotic occlusion blockage by a blood clot of the major and the Arteriovenous anastomosis collateral veins of an extremity. ref name ACS cite web url http www.acssurgery.com acs chapters ch0606.htm title Management of Venous Thromboembolism author John T. Owings date December 2005 work ACS Surgery publisher American College of Surgeons accessdate January 16, 2012 ref ref Cite journal title Images in Clinical Medicine Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens last Barham first Kalleen coauthors Tina Shah date 2007 01 18 journal The New England Journal of Medicine volume 356 issue 3 pages e3 pmid 17229945 doi 10.1056 NEJMicm054730 ref It is characterized by sudden severe pain, swelling, cyanosis and edema of the affected limb. There is a high risk of massive pulmonary embolism , even under anticoagulation . Foot gangrene may also occur. An underlying malignancy is found in 50 of cases. Usually, it occurs in those afflicted by a life threatening illness. ref name ACS This phenomenon was discovered by Jonathan Towne , a vascular surgeon in Milwaukee , who was also the first to report the white clot syndrome now called heparin induced thrombocytopenia HIT . Two of their HIT patients developed phlegmasia cerulea dolens that went on to become gangrenous. ref Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia By Theodore E. Warkentin, Andreas Greinacher, Published 2004, ISBN 0824756258 ref See also Phlegmasia alba dolens References reflist DEFAULTSORT Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens Category Inflammations Category Vascular diseases disease stub de Phlegmasia coerulea dolens es Flegmasia cerulea dolens tr Phlegmasia coerulea dolens ... more details
Taxobox color violet name Simian hemorrhagic fever virus virus group iv familia Arteriviridae genus Arterivirus species Simian hemorrhagic fever virus Simian hemorrhagic fever virus or simian haemorrhagic fever virus or SHFV is a highly pathogenic virus in monkeys. It is a positive stranded RNA virus classified in the family Arteriviridae . Hosts Patas are believed to be the natural host for the virus since about 50 of wild patas monkeys have antibodies for the virus, while antibodies are much less prevalent in other simian species such as vervet s and baboons . In macaques , however, infection with this virus can result in acute severe disease with high mortality. Recently, red colobus monkeys have been identified as a natural host for SHFV. ref Lauck M, Hyeroba D, Tumukunde A, Weny G, Lank SM, et al. 2011 Novel, Divergent Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses in a Wild Ugandan Red Colobus Monkey Discovered Using Direct Pyrosequencing. PLoS ONE 6 4 e19056. doi 10.1371 journal.pone.0019056 ref Symptoms Asymptomatic infection of the virus can occur in patas monkeys, vervet monkeys, and baboons, although it is observed primarily in patas monkeys. Infection has a rapid onset with animals developing a high fever , facial edema , cyanosis , Anorexia symptom anorexia , melena , and may begin to hemorrhage at the cutaneous , subcutaneous , and retrobulbar levels. Thrombocytopenia will develop soon after. Death usually occurs within 10 15 days after symptoms appear ref Richard L. Walker, Dwight C. Hirsh, Nigel James. Vet. Biology Blackwell Publishing, 2004. ref . References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Category Viruses Category Hemorrhagic fevers Virus stub es Virus de la fiebre hemorr gica de simios ja ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Sulfhemoglobinemia Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 D 74 8 d 70 ICD9 ICD9 289.7 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus 003371 eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D013436 Sulfhemoglobinemia or sulfhemoglobinaemia is a rare condition in which there is excess sulfhemoglobin SulfHb in the blood . The pigment is a greenish derivative of hemoglobin which cannot be converted back to normal, functional hemoglobin. It causes cyanosis even at low blood levels. It is a rare blood condition that occurs when a sulfur atom is incorporated into the hemoglobin molecule. When hydrogen sulfide H sub 2 sub S or sulfide ion s and ferric ions combine in the blood, the blood is incapable of carrying oxygen . Causes This can be caused by taking medications that contain sulfonamide medicine sulfonamide s under certain conditions i.e. overdosing of sumatriptan . Sulfhemoglobinemia is usually drug induced. Drugs associated with sulfhemoglobinemia include acetanilid , phenacetin , nitrate s, trinitrotoluene and sulfur compounds mainly Sulfonamide medicine sulphonamides , sulfasalazine . Another possible cause is occupational exposure to sulfur compounds. It can be caused by phenazopyridine . ref name pmid15886294 cite journal author Gopalachar AS, Bowie VL, Bharadwaj P title Phenazopyridine induced sulfhemoglobinemia journal Ann Pharmacother volume 39 issue 6 pages 1128 30 year 2005 month June pmid 15886294 doi 10.1345 aph.1E557 url http www.theannals.com cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 15886294 ref Prognosis and treatment The condition generally resolves itself with erythrocyte red blood cell turnover, although blood transfusion s can be necessary in extreme cases. Presentation Symptom s include a blueish or greenish discoloration of the blood, skin , and mucous membrane s, even though a blood count test may not show any abnormalities in the blood. This discoloration is called cyanosis, and is caused by greater than 5 grams per cent of deoxyhemaglobinemia, or 1.5 grams per cent of meth ... more details
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