Infobox Museum name Minnesota Marine Art Museum image imagesize 200 caption alt map type map caption map alt latitude 44.059 longitude 91.657 established July 25, 2006 dissolved location 800 Riverview Drive br Winona, Minnesota Winona , Minnesota type Art museum visitors director curator publictransit website http www.minnesotamarineart.org www.minnesotamarineart.org The Minnesota Marine Art Museum is an art museum located on the banks of the Mississippi River in Winona, Minnesota . The museum can be found at 800 Riverview Drive. The MMAM features four galleries of world class art and artifacts including impressionism and Hudson River School paintings, marine art, folk art sculptures and traveling exhibits. Located on the banks of the Mississippi River, the Museum is located in a unique, turn of the century style building and landscaped with over 60,000 native plants. Over 400 paintings from artists including Monet, Renoir, Cole, Bierstadt, Homer, and others Rotating exhibits from one of the finest marine art collections in the nation. Whimsical wood sculptures created by local folk artists Leo and Marilyn Smith. Rare, historical Mississippi River cyanotype reproductions by Henry Peter Bosse. Traveling exhibits featuring art and artifacts from around the world. Family friendly atmosphere with unique items from the Gift Shop. Admission Adults 6 Students 3 Children, 4 and under free Immediate Family rate 20 MMAM Members free Hours Tuesday Saturday 10am to 5pm, Sunday 11am to 5 pm, closed Mondays and major holidays. Winter hours may apply. 2009 Exhibits Impressionism & Hudson River School Art Explore the museum s new gallery featuring a permanent display of more than 60 paintings and watercolors from Impressionist works by Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, Signac, Boudin, Corot, Sisley and more. View nineteenth century Hudson River School landscape and marine paintings by Cole, Bierstadt, Cropsey, Bradford, Silva, Buttersworth, Richards and others. By Sun and Stars How Early Na ... more details
A list of photographic processing techniques. Color Agfacolor Anthotype Autochrome Lumi re , 1903 Carbon print , 1862 Chromogenic positive Ektachrome E 3 process E 4 process E 6 process Chromogenic negative C 41 process RA 4 process Dufaycolor Dye destruction Cibachrome Ilfochrome Dye transfer process Kodachrome K 12 process K 14 process Heliochrome Lippmann plate , 1891 Black and White Monochrome A Abration tone Acetate film Albertype Albumen print , 1850 Algraphy Ambrotype Amphitype Amylotype Anaglyph image Anaglyph Anthrakotype Archertype Argentotype Argyrotype Aristo paper Aristotype Disambiguation needed Aristo Aristo date June 2011 Artotype Atrephograph Atrograph Aurotype Autotype B Baryta coated paper Bayard process Bichromate process Bichromated gelatin Bichromated gum arabic Bichromatic albumen Bitumen of Judea , 1826 Breyertype Bromoil Process , 1907 Burneum C Caffenol Calotype , 1841 Cameo photography Cameo Carbon print , 1855 Carbro Print Carbro Casein pigment Catalysotype Catalisotype Catatype Cellulose diacetate negative Cellulose nitrate negative Cellulose triacetate negative Ceroleine Chalkotype Charbon Velour Chromatype Chripotype Chrysotype , 1842 Chrystollotype Clich verre Collodion paper Collodion process , 1851 Collotype , 1870 Color paper Contact print Contact sheet Contretype Copper Photogravure Crystoleum Crystal photo 1850 Cyanotype , 1842 D Daguerreotype , 1839 Dallastype Diaphanotype Diazotype dr5 chrome B&W positive process Dry collodion negative Dry collodion process Dry plate Dye coupler process Dye destruction process Dye diffusion transfer process Dye transfer print E Eburneum Ectograph Ectographe Electrotype Energiatype Enamaline Enamel photograph F Feertype Ferroprussiate paper Ferrotype Fluorotype G Gaslight paper Gaudinotype Gelatino Bromide emulsions , 1875 Gelatin silver process Gem tintype Ghost photograph Gum bichromate Gum Bichromate Print Gum Dichromate Gum over platinum Gum printing Photogravure H Hallotype Heliography Hel ... more details
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to photography Photography is the process of making image pictures by the action of recording light patterns, reflected or emitted from objects, on a photosensitive medium or a image sensor through a timed Exposure photography exposure . The process is done through Machine mechanical , Photochemistry chemical or Optoelectronics electronic devices known as camera s. Forms of photography Aerial photography Astrophotography Candid photography Cloudscape photography Conceptual photography Documentary photography History of erotic photography Erotic photography Fashion photography Fine art photography Food photography Environmental portrait Fire photography Forensic photography Glamour photography High speed photography Nature photography Nude photography Paparazzi Photojournalism Photomicroscopy Portrait photography Post mortem photography Endoscopy Senior portraits Still life photography Stock photography Street photography Underwater photography Vernacular photography Wedding photography Wildlife photography Camera and photography equipment Camera Dry box Film base Film format Film holder Film scanner Film stock Filter photography Filter Flash photography Flash Movie projector Photographic film Photographic lens Slide projector Still camera Toy camera Tripod photography Tripod View camera Photographic processing Main Photographic processing C 41 process Cross processing Photographic developer Developer Dye coupler E 6 process Photographic fixer Fixer Push processing Photography techniques Afocal photography Bokeh Contre jour Color photography Cross processing Cyanotype Dodging and burning Photographic processing Film developing Full spectrum photography Harris shutter Kite aerial photography High dynamic range imaging High dynamic range imaging HDR Holography Light painting Macro photography Monochrome photography Motion blur Night photography Panoramic photography Panning camera Panning Photogram P ... more details
Amalia Amaki born Lynda Faye Peek in Atlanta, Georgia is an African American artist , art historian , educator , film critic and curator who currently resides in Tuscaloosa, Alabama where she is a Professor of Modern and Contemporary Art at the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa since 2007. Amaki graduated from Georgia State University in Atlanta with a B.A. degree in journalism and psychology. She obtained a B.A. degree from the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque, New Mexico in photography and art history, and earned her M.A. degree in modern European and American art and a Ph.D. in twentieth century American art and culture from Emory University in Atlanta in 1994. Dr. Amaki has taught art history at Spelman College , Morehouse College and Atlanta College of Art in Atlanta, Georgia Kennesaw State University in Kennesaw, Georgia and North Georgia College and State University in Dahlonega, Georgia . In 2001, she became Curator of the Paul R. Jones Collection of African American Art at the University of Delaware in Newark, Delaware where she was on the faculty in the Art History and Black Studies Departments. ref name ppg cite web url http www.thehistorymakers.com biography biography.asp?bioindex 1256&category title Amalia Amaki Biography February 15, 2006 accessdate 2010 04 18 ref Art Amaki s art is best known for mixed media quilts that celebrate the lives of African American women blues singers and button encrusted cyanotype s. Citation needed date March 2012 She is the Curator of the Paul R. Jones Collection at the University of Alabama. ref name bbb cite web url http www.udel.edu PR UDaily 2004 jonespanel110503.html title Panel reviews Paul Jones life as reflected in his art collection Nov 5, 2003 accessdate 2010 04 18 ref Collections Amalia Amaki s works of art can be found in numerous private art collections throughout the world, and are included in the permanent collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston in Houston, Texas the High Museum of Art in A ... more details
, was a United Kingdom British progressive rock band from the 1980s and 1990s. Photography Cyanotype ... blue pigment. ref cite book title Cyanotype the history, science and art of photographic printing ...&dq cyanotype prussian blue color&sig s12O6C39teka vg41EDxbflKMI4 PPA40,M1 publisher NMSI Trading ... more details
Gum bichromate is a 19th century photographic printing process based on the light sensitivity of dichromates. It is capable of rendering painterly images from photographic negatives. Gum printing is traditionally a multi layered printing process, but satisfactory results may be obtained from a single pass. Any color can be used for gum printing, so natural color photographs are also possible by using this technique in layers. History and process overview Gum bichromate , or gum dichromate as it is also known, is a photographic printing process invented in the early days of photography when, in 1839, Mungo Ponton discovered that dichromates are light sensitive. William Henry Fox Talbot later found that colloids such as gelatin and gum arabic became insoluble in water after exposure to light. Alphonse Poitevin added carbon pigment to the colloids in 1855, creating the first carbon print . In 1858, John Pouncy used colored pigment with gum arabic to create the first color images. Gum printing Gum prints tend to be multi layered images sometimes combined with other alternative process printing methods such as cyanotype and platinotype . A heavy weight cotton watercolor or printmaking paper that can withstand repeated and extended soakings is best. Each layer of pigment is individually coated, registered, exposed and washed. Separation negatives of cyan, magenta, and yellow or red, green, and blue are used for a full color image. Some photographers prefer substituting the cyan emulsion in the CMYK separations with a cyanotype layer. A simple duotone separation combining orange watercolor pigment and a cyanotype can yield surprisingly beautiful results. Low density photographic negative s of the same size as the final image are used for exposing the print. No enlarger is used, but instead, a contact print ing frame or vacuum exposure frame is used with an ultraviolet light source such as a mercury vapor lamp , a common fluorescent black light , or the sun . The negative i ... more details
Other uses Unsourced image removed File Neighborhood watch grayscale.jpg thumb right A photograph of a sign rendered in shades of grey 200px File Parrot EGA monochrome palette.png thumb right A photograph rendered with a monochrome palette of a limited number of shades Monochrome ref From the lang grc monochromos having one color . ref describes paintings, drawings, design, or photographs in one color or shades of one color. ref citation title Merriam Webster Online Dictionary chapter monochrome year 2009 url http www.merriam webster.com dictionary monochrome accessdate 2009 10 16 ref A monochromatic object or image has colors in shades of limited color s or hue s. Clarify date June 2011 reason more clarity needed here objects are not chromatic, the light they transmit and reflect is but how to reword this? Images using only shades of grey with or without black and or white are called grayscale or black and white . However, scientifically speaking, Monochromatic light refers to light of a narrow frequency . Application For an image , the term monochrome is usually taken to mean the same as black and white or, more likely, grayscale , but may also be used to refer to other combinations containing only tones of a single color, such as green and white or green and black. It may also refer to Sepia tone sepia displaying tones from light tan to dark brown or cyanotype blueprint images, and early photographic methods such as daguerreotypes , ambrotypes , and tintype s, each of which may be used to produce a monochromatic image. In computing, monochrome has two meanings it may mean having only one color which is either on or off, allowing shades of that color, although this is more correctly known as grayscale. A Monochrome monitor monochrome computer display is able to display only a single color, often green, Amber color amber , red or white, and often also shades of that color. In film photography, monochrome is typically the use of black and white film. Orig ... more details
The Photostat machine , or Photostat , was an early Photocopying projection photocopier created in the 1900s by the Photostat Corporation Photostat which was originally a trademark of the company is also used to refer to the similar machines produced by the Rectigraph Company . Image Recording of proxies.jpg 178px right thumb Photostat of a document from the end of WW2 Image H42916.jpg 178px right thumb Negative Photostat print of an American Civil War chart History Background The growth of business during the industrial revolution created the need for a more efficient means of transcription than hand copying. Carbon paper was first used in the early 19th century. By the late 1840s copying presses were used to copy outgoing correspondence. One by one, List of duplicating processes other methods appeared among them were manifold writer s used by Mark Twain , copying baths, copying books and roller copiers. Among the most significant of them was the Cyanotype Blue process in the early 1870s, which was mainly used to make blueprint s of architectural and engineering drawings. Mimeograph machine Stencil duplicator s more commonly known as Mimeograph machines surfaced in 1874, and the Cyclostyle copier Cyclostyle in 1891. All were manual most involved messy fluids and were accident prone. Rectigraph and Photostat machines George C. Beidler of Oklahoma City founded the Rectigraph Company in 1906 or 1907, producing the first photographic copying machines he later moved the company to Rochester, NY in 1909 to be closer to the Xerox History Haloid Company , his main source of photographic paper and chemicals. The Rectigraph Company was acquired by the Haloid Company in 1935. In 1948 Haloid purchased the rights to produce Chester Carlson s xerography xerographic equipment and in 1958 the firm was reorganized to Haloid Xerox, Inc., which in 1961 was renamed Xerox Corporation. ref cite book last Ingham first John N. authorlink coauthors title Biographical dictionary of American ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced March 2009 technical December 2007 weasel March 2009 Infobox Photographic film name Type 55 maker Polaroid Corporation Polaroid speed 50 18 pos br 35 16 neg bw yes format sheet film 4 5 type i app General Polaroid Type 55 film is a black and white peel apart Polaroid Corporation Polaroid film that yields both a positive print and a negative image which can be used in an enlarger . Though box rated at 50 Film speed ISO , the positive and negative parts of the film are effectively rated at 50 and 35 , respectively. Citation needed date March 2009 It is possible, however, to rate the negative at 32 ISO. Polaroid rates the negative at 25 ISO. Citation needed date November 2009 When processed and peeled apart, the positive needs a protective coating, included in the box of film, to keep it from fading and the negative needs to be cleared in a hypo removing solution Kodak s Hypo Clear works . Polaroid recommends an 18 Sodium Sulfite solution. Polaroid also recommends using a hardening fixer to further protect the negative from scratches, but allows that it is not mandatory. The reason for this is that Type 55 negatives are very thin compared to other 4x5 negatives, and the emulsion is extremely soft. Citation needed date March 2009 Type 55 negatives are fine grained, have a long tonal range and are of extremely high resolution, around 150 lp mm. Citation needed date March 2009 They are useful for making large prints and for contact printing, especially in alternative processes such as Cyanotype and Van dyke brown . Type 55 negatives are the famous source of the Polaroid frame look . Due to the development process where a Polaroid 545 film back holds the film for exposure with a Large format camera, the Polaroid reagent gel is squeezed between the negative and positive. Some of the reagent is trapped underneath the onion skin like frame that crops the print into a perfect 4x5 image. This reagent however creates an impression of that ... more details
Image PortraitoftheArtists WithTopHats .jpg thumb McDermott & McGough. Portrait of the Artists with Top Hats , 1865. 1991. Platinum print. 14 x 11 inches. McDermott & McGough consists of visual artists David McDermott and Peter McGough born 1952 and 1958 in Hollywood, CA and Syracuse, NY respectively . McDermott & McGough are contemporary artists known for their work in painting, photography, sculpture and film. They currently split their time between Dublin and New York City . ref name IMMA http www.imma.ie en page 170638.htm Art Knowledge News , McDermott & McGough An Experience of Amusing Chemistry , Irish Museum of Modern Art. ref Work David McDermott and Peter McGough are best known for using alternative historical processes in their photography, particularly the 19th century techniques of cyanotype, gum bichromate, platinum and palladium. Among the subjects they approach are popular art and culture, religion, medicine, advertising, fashion and sexual behavior. ref name IMMA ref name Past Masters Rozzo, Mark. Past Masters. Men s Vogue, April 2008, 48. ref Early life David McDermott was born in 1952 in Hollywood, California. He studied at Syracuse University from 1970 to 1974. Peter McGough was born in 1958 in Syracuse, and studied at the same university in 1976. Their paths did not cross until they both moved to New York City some years later. ref name IMMA From 1980 through 1995, McDermott & McGough dressed, lived, and worked as artists and men about town , circa 1900 1928 they wore top hats and detachable collars, and converted a townhouse on Avenue C in New York City s East Village, which was lit only by candlelight, to its authentic mid 19th century ideal. We were experimenting in time, says McDermott, trying to build an environment and a fantasy we could live and work in. ref name revelin http www.revelinnewyork.com Revel in New York , interview with Peter McGough. ref McDermott & McGough emerged from the East Village, Manhattan East Village art scene of t ... more details
multiple issues fansite June 2011 notability June 2011 one source June 2011 self published June 2011 Dan McCormack born January 22, 1944 in Chicago, IL is a photographer and professor at Marist College ref http www.marist.edu commarts comm facviewer.html?uid 16 ref in NY, where he heads the photography program. He has photographed the nude for over forty years, working in the studio, various indoor settings, and out in the landscape of upstate New York. His book Body Light Passages in a Relationship , a series of images of his wife Wendy, was published in 1988. ref http openlibrary.org books OL8445550M Body light ref After studying with Aaron Siskind , Joseph Jachna, Arthur Siegel, and Wynn Bullock at the IIT Institute of Design in 1965, Dan McCormack started graduate school in 1968 at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago , where he began photographing the nude. At the Art Institute of Chicago he worked with Kenneth Josephson , Barbara Crane and Frank Barsotti. ref http www.pixiport.com BIO danmccormack.htm ref Since then, he has explored figurative imagery in silver, cyanotype, palladium, and digital prints, while working with Nimslo, Diana, Holga, and conventional cameras, as well as an office scanner and video camera. ref http hyperart.com biennale winner 2000 photo 4.html ref In his most recent series, he takes B&W photographs with an oatmeal box pinhole camera , then digitally colorizes them, ref Hirsch, Robert. Light and Lens Photography in the Digital Age . Oxford Focal Press, 2008. ref with the result that the images are rooted in sixteenth century optics juxtaposed with twenty first century digital technology. ref Hirsch, Robert. Exploring Color Photography, Fifth Edition From Film to Pixels . Oxford Focal Press, 2011. ref Dan McCormack s photographs can be found in a number of textbooks Light and Lens Photography in the Digital Age 2007 and Exploring Color Photography 2004 as well as in the collections of the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston ref Museum o ... more details
Infobox artist bgcolour E0E0F8 name Catherine Jansen image imagesize 200 caption birth name birth date birth date 1950 12 14 birth place New York City, New York , United States U.S. death date death place nationality United States American field Photography training Cranbrook Academy of Art and Tyler School of Art movement works patrons influenced by influenced awards signature Catherine Jansen has been inventing, exploring and creating photographic processes that merge state of the art technology with traditional photography since the late 1960s. Work multiple image direction vertical width 150 footer image1 Soft Silver Tea Set .jpg alt1 caption1 Soft Silver Tea Set image2 The Blue Room .jpg alt2 caption2 The Blue Room background color E0E0F8 Soft sculpture Cyanotype In 1969 Jansen created the Soft Tea Set , a scaled to life, photographic, Three dimensional space three dimensional object using a formula of potassium ferrocyanide and citric acid , which she developed specifically for cloth material. Stitching the imaged fabric together and stuffing it, she was the first to use this photographic process in a sculptural format. Jansen s innovations with this blue print formula culminated in the first use of photography to create a scaled to life room environment using cyanotype on cloth. ref Frontiers of Photography. New York Time Life Books, 1972 92 93. Article and photograph, Blue Room ref The Blue Room is part of the permanent collection at the James A. Michener Art Museum Michener Museum of Art in Doylestown, Pennsylvania . multiple image align left direction vertical width 150 footer image1 Erika .jpg alt1 caption1 Erika , life size portrait on cloth image2 The Children s Room .jpg alt2 caption2 Children s Room , one of five rooms from Soft House Project background color E0E0F8 Color copier Jansen was the first artist to extensively explore the potential of the electronic Photocopier color copier process using electronically generated images that preceded the dig ... more details
merge to xerography discuss Talk xerography Merge Electrophotography into Xerography date January 2011 Electrophotography or xerography is a dry Photocopier photocopying technique invention invented by Chester Carlson in 1938, for which he was awarded US patent 2297691 on October 6, 1942. ref This statement may be incorrect, as his earlier 1940 patent US patent 2221776 , also filed in 1938, would appear to describe the same process. ref The invention was initially called electrophotography and was later called xerography from the Greek language Greek Root linguistics roots wikt xeros dry and wikt graphia writing to emphasize that, unlike reproduction techniques then in use such as cyanotype , this process used no liquid chemical s. Although Georg Christoph Lichtenberg invented a dry electrostatic printing process in 1778, ref cite book author Schiffer, Michael B. Hollenback, Kacy L. Bell, Carrie L. year 2003 title Draw the Lightning Down Benjamin Franklin and Electrical Technology in the Age of Enlightenment publisher University of California Press location Berkeley url http books.google.com books?id 9TuH6Lg8IasC&dq electrophorus volta isbn 0 520 23802 8 pages 242 44 ref Carlson s innovation combined electrostatic printing with photography . Carlson s original process was cumbersome, requiring several manual processing steps with flat plates. It was almost 18 years before a fully automated process was developed, the key breakthrough being use of a Cylinder geometry cylindrical drum coated with selenium instead of a flat plate. This resulted in the first commercial automatic copier, The Xerox 914, being released by Xerox Haloid Xerox in 1960. Electrophotography is used in most photocopying machines and in laser printer laser and LED printer s. Electrophotographic process The first commercial use was hand processing of a flat photosensor with a copy camera and a separate processing unit to produce offset lithographic plates. Today this techno ... more details
mergefrom electrophotography discuss talk xerography Merge Electrophotography into Xerography date January 2011 Xerography or electrophotography is a dry Photocopier photocopying technique invention invented by Chester Carlson in 1938, for which he was awarded US patent 2297691 on October 6, 1942. Carlson originally called his invention electrophotography . It was later renamed xerography from the Greek language Greek Root linguistics roots wikt xeros dry and wikt graphia writing to emphasize that, unlike reproduction techniques then in use such as cyanotype , this process used no liquid chemical s. Carlson s innovation combined electrostatic printing with photography , unlike the dry electrostatic printing process invented by Georg Christoph Lichtenberg in 1778. ref cite book author Schiffer, Michael B. Hollenback, Kacy L. Bell, Carrie L. year 2003 title Draw the Lightning Down Benjamin Franklin and Electrical Technology in the Age of Enlightenment publisher University of California Press location Berkeley url http books.google.com books?id 9TuH6Lg8IasC&dq electrophorus volta isbn 0 520 23802 8 pages 242 44 ref Carlson s original process was cumbersome, requiring several manual processing steps with flat plates. It was almost 18 years before a fully automated process was developed, the key breakthrough being use of a Cylinder geometry cylindrical drum coated with selenium instead of a flat plate. This resulted in the first commercial automatic copier, the Xerox 914, being released by Xerox Haloid Xerox in 1960. Before that year, Carlson proposed his idea to more than a dozen companies, but they all were not interested in it. Xerography is now used in most photocopying machines and in laser printer laser and LED printer s. This invention also marked the final rules of copyright, making it very easy to duplicate documents. Another important feature of this printing process, as a digital printing, is that the total cost on little edition sizes is le ... more details
to the new methods. He invented the cyanotype process, now familiar as the blueprint . He ... and whites, but also contain other hues depending on the process. The cyanotype process produces ... more details
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