CycL in computer science and artificial intelligence is an ontology language used by Doug Lenat Doug Lenat s Cyc List of notable artificial intelligence projects artificial intelligence project . Ramanathan V. Guha was instrumental in the design of early versions of the language. There is a close variant of CycL known as MELD . The original version of CycL was a frame language , but the modern version is not. Rather, it is a declarative language based on classical first order logic , with extensions for Modal logic modal operators and Higher order logic higher order quantification . CycL is used to represent the knowledge stored in the Cyc Knowledge Base, available from Cycorp . The source code written in CycL released with the Cyc OpenCyc OpenCyc system is licensed as open source, to increase its usefulness in supporting the semantic web . Basic Ideas CycL has some basic ideas Naming the constants used to refer to information for represented concepts. Grouping the constants together in a generalization specialization hierarchy usually called categorization . Stating general rules that support inference about the concepts. The truth or falsity of a CycL sentence is context relative these contexts are represented in CycL as Microtheories. Constants The concept names in Cyc are known as constants . Constants start with and are case sensitive. There are constants for Individual items known as individuals , such as BillClinton or France. Collections , such as Tree ThePlant containing all trees or EquivalenceRelation containing all equivalence relation s . A member of a collection ... . Facts about concepts are asserted using certain CycL sentences . Predicates are written ... of constructed languages Knowledge representation External links http www.cyc.com cycdoc ref cycl syntax.html The Syntax of CycL Category Knowledge representation languages Category Logic programming languages Category Declarative programming languages Category Ontology languages es CycL eo CycL ... more details
MELD can refer to Model for End Stage Liver Disease , a prognostic model. A variant of the declarative language CycL . molecular orbital diagram Molecular Energy Level Diagram , a type of one dimensional plot with a significant qualitative apect, used in chemical energetics. See also Meld disambiguation . disambig ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE Ulmus americana Aurea Infobox Cultivar name Ulmus americana cultivar Aurea origin Vermont, USA The American Elm Ulmus americana cultivar Aurea was cloned from a tree discovered by F. L. Temple in Vermont at the end of the 19th century ref name Green Green, P. S. 1964 . Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus. Arnoldia , Vol. 24. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University http arnoldia.arboretum.harvard.edu pdf articles 1605.pdf . ref ref name Temple Temple, F. L. 1880 , in Bailey Cycl. Amer. Hort. 4 1880. ref . Description The tree was described simply as having yellow foliage. Cultivation Probably extinct. Synonymy Ulmus americana var. aurea small Temple, F. L. ex Rehder small , in Bailey Cycl. Amer. Hort. 4 1880. References reflist Category Elm cultivars ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 In pharmacology , diapalma from Latin Lat dia , made of palma , palm ref name OED OED diapalma ref is a desiccant desiccating or drying plaster , named for the wood of the palm tree , from which the spatula is made that is used to stir the mixture while boiling. ref name cycl 1728 ref It was formerly composed of common oil, hogs fat, and litharge of gold ref name cycl or also of palm oil , litharge, and zinc sulfate . Now, it is made of white wax, emplastrum simplex, and sulfate of zinc. ref name OED References references Category Desiccants dermatologic drug stub ... more details
Orphan date September 2008 In pre modern medicine, diasebesten from sebesten , Arab. sabast n , from Persian sepest n , possibly from Persian sag pest n , literally dog s teats ref name OED OED sebesten ref , is a soft, purgative electuary, containing sebesten , the plum like fruit of the tree Cordia myxa , as one of its ingredients. ref name OED ref name cycl 1728 ref The other ingredients are prunes, tamarinds, juices of iris, Cucumis anguria anguria , and mercurialis , penide , simple diaprunum made of damask prunes , violet seed, the four cold seeds melon, gourd, purslane, and quince , and scammony diagrydium . It was said to be good in intermittent and continued fevers, appease thirst, promote sleep, and expel morbid Four humours humours through urine. ref name cycl References references Category History of medicine ... more details
21, 1779 ref name cycl Cyclopaedia of American literature ref ref name histm Historical Magazine ... on the Mayflower . ref name cycl Nehemiah died in 1783, ruined by the devaluing of the Continental currency ... War . ref name cycl Tinker s widow, Mary n e Huntington, soon became destitute, until friends offered the family a home in Worthington, Massachusetts . ref name cycl Joseph was Indentured servant ... cycl After his term, he worked briefly as a printer s devil at the Farmer s Museum in Walpole, New Hampshire , ref name cycl ref Mott, p.224 ref before become an Apprenticeship apprentice Compositing compositor and Copy editing copy editor at the Gazette in Greenfield, Massachusetts . ref name cycl ... stock in Salem, Massachusetts and Providence, Rhode Island . ref name cycl In 1805, he married ... to 1814 ref name cycl ref name k125 and The Ordeal , which ran weekly from January 1809 for six months. ref name cycl These sided with the Federalist Party . ref name cycl He joined the Massachusetts ... among the growing number of Freemasonry Freemason s in Boston. ref name cycl ref name k126 Kornblith ...?id bRuxk9qp6zYC ref On 2 March 1824, Buckingham founded the Boston Courier , ref name cycl a daily newspaper which supported protectionism . ref name cycl He sold his interest in the Galaxy in 1828, ref name cycl and edited the Courier till selling out in 1848. ref name cycl It supported the National ... cycl Now considered one of antebellum America s few worthwhile literary journals , ref name cave129 ... Smyrna to relieve his tuberculosis . ref name cycl ref name cave129 Joseph sold the Magazine in 1834 to Howe and John O. Sargent. ref name cycl He had to mortgage loan mortgage his property in 1836 ... in 1828, 1831 3, 1836, and 1838 9, ref name cycl as a National Republican Party National Republican ... of the suppression of lottery lotteries . ref name cycl ref name k131 Kornblith, p.131 ref He denounced ... in 1847 8 and 1850 1. ref name cycl He leaned towards the Conscience Whigs but was not an outright ... more details
ancient. ref name cycl ref Pausan. Arcad. lib. viii ref ref John Gardner Wilkinson Wilkinson ... applied, by an easy metaphor, to a noisy talkative person Aristoph. Nub. 448 Eurip. Cycl. 104 . ref ... more details
, and other fluxes of the belly. ref name cycl Pillulae diarrhodon are composed of aloes, trochisci diarrhodon ... the stomach, promote digestion, and prevent halitosis bad breath . ref name cycl A recipe for the intoxicating ... more details
In number theory , an aurifeuillian factorization is a factorization of the form ref name Wolfram MathWorld title Aurifeuillean Factorization urlname AurifeuilleanFactorization ref math 2 4n 2 1 2 2n 1 2 n 1 1 2 2n 1 2 n 1 1 . , math Aurifeuille discovered the factorization for n 14 in 1871, as the following ref name Wolfram ref name numericana http www.numericana.com answer numbers.htm aurifeuille Integer Arithmetic, Number Theory Aurifeuillian Factorizations , Numericana ref math 2 58 1 536838145 cdot 536903681. , math The second factor is prime, and the factorization of the first factor is math 5 cdot 107367629. math ref name numericana The general form of the factorization was later discovered by douard Lucas Lucas . ref name Wolfram References reflist External links http www.ams.org mcom 2006 75 253 S0025 5718 05 01766 7 home.html Aurifeuillian factorization , American Mathematical Society http pagesperso orange.fr colin.barker lpa cycl fac.htm Aurifeuillian Factorisation , Colin Barker numtheory stub Category Number theory ... more details
Infobox airport name Charlo Airport IATA YCL ICAO CYCL WMO 71711 type Public owner oper Charlo Regional Airport Authority city served location Charlo, New Brunswick elevation f 132 elevation m 40 latd 47 latm 59 lats 27 latNS N longd 066 longm 19 longs 49 longEW W coordinates type airport coordinates region CA NB pushpin map Canada New Brunswick pushpin label pushpin map caption Location in New Brunswick latd 47 latm 59 lats 27 latNS N longd 066 longm 19 longs 49 longEW W coordinates type airport coordinates region CA NB pushpin map Canada New Brunswick pushpin label CYCL website http www.charloairport.ca En CharloAirport index.html www.charloairport.ca r1 number 12 30 r1 length f 6,009 r1 length m 1,832 r1 surface Asphalt stat year 2010 stat1 header Aircraft movements stat1 data 1,380 footnotes Source Canada Flight Supplement ref name CFS CFS ref br Movements from Statistics Canada . ref name move http www.statcan.gc.ca pub 51 210 x 2011001 t001 eng.htm Total aircraft movements by class of operation ref Charlo Airport Airport codes YCL CYCL is located convert 4.8 NM abbr on lk in south southeast of Charlo, New Brunswick Charlo , New Brunswick , Canada . The airport is classified as an airport of entry by NAV CANADA and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency . CBSA officers at this airport currently can handle general aviation aircraft only, with no more than 15 passengers. ref name CFS References reflist External links http www.charloairport.ca En CharloAirport index.html Official site http archive.copanational.org PlacesToFly airport view.php?pr id 5&ap id 940 Page about this airport on Canadian Owners and Pilots Association COPA s Places to Fly airport directory List of airports in Canada Category Airports in New Brunswick Category Transportation in Restigouche County, New Brunswick Category Buildings and structures in Restigouche County, New Brunswick NewBrunswick airport stub pms Charlo Airport ... more details
Diachylon from Latin Lat diach l n , representing Greek language Gr Lang el , a medicament composed of juices ref name OED OED diachylon ref , also rendered diachylum or diaculum , was originally a kind of medicament made of the juices of several plants thus its name , but now commonly the name for lead plaster , emplastrum plumbi &mdash a plaster made of lead oxide boiled together with olive oil and water. It is applied to sheets of linen, and works as an adhesive plaster when heated. ref name OED Historically, several different types of diachylons have been described. White, or simple, diacyhlon is compounded of common oil, litharge of gold litharge mixed with red lead , and adhesives drawn from the root of the Althaea genus Althaea , the seeds of flax and fenugreek . The diachylon called direatum has for its basis the common white diachylon, but with every pound of which is mixed an ounce of powder of Iris plant Iris this plaster digests, incides, and ripens with more force than the simple diachylon. ref name cycl 1728 ref There is also the great diachylon , or diachylon magnum , composed of litharge of gold, oils of iris, chamomile , and aneth , turpentine, pine resin, yellow wax, and adhesives derived from flax, fenugreek, with new figs, raisins of Damascus, icthyocolla , juices of iris, squill , and hyssop . This diachylon was said to soften hard swellings called scirrhus , and dissipate tumors. ref name cycl The diachylon gummatum is the great diachylon with the addition of gum ammoniac , galbanum , and sagapenum , dissolved with wine, and boiled to a consistency of honey. This plaster was believed the most power of all for digesting, ripening, and resolving. ref name cycl Use as abortifacient In the late 1800s, working class women discovered that lead poisoning caused by ingesting diachylon could cause abortion, or, as they described it, bring on their period. ref Angus McLaren, Birth Control in Nineteenth Century England , Holmes & Meier Publisher ... more details
wiktionarypar cycle cyclic cyclical tocright Cycle , and in some cases cyclic , may refer to Bicycle or Motorcycle See also List of cycles Chemistry Cyclic compound Economics Business cycle , economy wide fluctuations in production or economic activity over several months or years Mathematics Algebraic cycle and Hodge cycle , homology classes in algebraic geometry Cycle algebraic topology , a simplicial chain with zero boundary Cycle graph theory , a nontrivial path in a graph from a node to itself Cycle mathematics , a basic permutation all permutations are products of cycles Cyclic mathematics shows other terms in mathematics beginning with cyclic or cycle Turn geometry or cycle, a unit of plane angle equal to 360 degrees Music Cycle music , a section of a piece that is repeated or repeatable Cyclic form , a technique of construction involving multiple sections or movements Cycles Cartel album Cycles Cartel album Cycles David Darling album Cycles David Darling album Cycles Doobie Brothers album Cycles Doobie Brothers album Cycles Frank Sinatra album Cycles Frank Sinatra album Interval cycle , a collection of pitch classes generated from a sequence the same interval class Miscellaneous Battery cycle , charging and discharging a rechargeable battery Cyclic flower , in botany, one way in which flower parts may be arranged Cycle baseball , a single, double, triple, and home run in any order by the same player in one game Cycle film Cycle film , a 2008 Malayalam film Cycles render engine, see Blender software Helicopter flight controls Cyclic Cyclic control , a primary flight control for helicopters Instruction cycle , the time period during which a computer processes a machine language instruction Social cycle various cycles in social sciences See also lookfrom intitle lookfrom cycl intitle cycl Frequency disambiguation Periodicity disambiguation disambig CU date April 2012 cs Cyklus de Zyklus el es Ciclo desambiguaci n eo Ciklo fr Cycle io Ciklo hu ... more details
Image 1825 FemaleQuixotism byTabithaTenney Boston Peaslee.png thumb right Illustration from Tenney s Female Quixotism Boston J.P. Peaslee, 1825 NOTOC Tabitha Gilman Tenney 1762 1837 was an early American author from Exeter, New Hampshire . Her novel Female Quixotism, Exhibited in the Romantic Opinions and Extravagant Adventures of Dorcasina Sheldon , which followed Miguel de Cervantes Cervantes in attacking the delusions encouraged by romantic literature, was first published in two volumes in 1801. ref name cycl cite book title Cyclopaedia of American literature url http books.google.co.uk books?id HLtroQeQ33IC&pg PA504&dq volume 1 page 504 year 1856 publisher C. Scribner location New York ref ref List of American Authors. The American almanac and repository of useful knowledge. Boston 1840. http books.google.com books?id o2YwAAAAIAAJ Google books ref ref Allibone. A critical dictionary of English literature, and British and American authors, living and deceased, from the earliest accounts to the middle of the nineteenth century. Tr bner & co., 1871 ref Literary historian F. L. Patee has described Female Quixotism 1801 as the most popular novel written in America prior to the publication of Uncle Tom s Cabin in 1852. Female Quixotism went through at least five editions and was still in print when Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote her landmark book. In 1788 she married Samuel Tenney , a former army surgeon. He was elected to Congress in 1788. ref name cycl They had no children. Upon her 1837 death in Exeter, she was buried at the Winter Street Burial Ground. ref FindAGrave.com http www.findagrave.com cgi bin fg.cgi?page gr&GRid 18676219 Tabitha Tabby Gilman Tenney . accessed 2010.07.10 ref Further reading By Tenney New Pleasing Instructor Tabitha Tenney. Female quixotism exhibited in the romantic opinions and extravagant adventures of Dorcasina Sheldon . Boston Printed by I. Thomas and E.T. Andrews, 1801. Boston J. P. Peaslee, 1825. Google books http books.google.com books ... more details
silver in color. ref name cycl 1728 ref The form of this metallic tree may be varied as desired ... and digestion . ref name cycl There is also Saturn s Tree , which was a deposit of crystallized ... more details
. First released on Art & Illusion CD reissue , 2003. Cyclops CYCL 132. li value 9 Counterpoint 5 59 .... Produced by Twelfth Night. First released on Art & Illusion CD reissue , 2003. Cyclops CYCL 132 ... more details
POV check date January 2011 Refimprove date January 2011 Ramanathan V. Guha 1965 is an Indian computer scientist . He graduated with B.Tech Mechanical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology Madras , MS from University of California Berkeley and Ph.D from Stanford University . Since May 2005, he has been working at Google . Guha was one of the early co leaders of the Cyc Project where he worked from 1987 through 1994 at Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation . He was responsible for the design and implementation of key parts of the Cyc system, including the CycL knowledge representation language, the upper ontological layers of the Cyc Knowledge Base and some parts of the original Cyc Natural Language understanding system. Leaving what became Cycorp , Guha founded Q Technology, which created a database schema mapping tool called Babelfish. In 1994, he moved to work at Apple Computer , reporting to Alan Kay , where he developed the Meta Content Framework MCF format. In 1997 he joined Netscape Corporation where together with Tim Bray , he created a new version of MCF that used the XML language and which became the main technical precursor to W3C s Resource Description Framework RDF standard. Guha also contributed to the smart browsing features of Netscape 4.5 and was instrumental in Netscape s acquisition of the Open Directory Project . In March 1999, he created the first version of RSS as part of Netscape s personalized home page project. In 1999 he left Netscape and in May co founded Epinions where he worked until 2000. Guha founded Alpiri in late 2000 which created The Alpiri Project TAP , a semantic web application and knowledge base . In 2002, he became a researcher at IBM Almaden Research Center . In 2005 Guha joined Google . References http www.guha.com cv.html CV http web.archive.org web 20080205163659 http wp.netscape.com columns techvision innovators rg.html Innovators of the Net R.V. Guha and RDF archived version of an article written ... more details
about the legendary creature the genus of snakes Cerastes genus orphan date March 2010 The cerastes Greek language Greek , English language English cerast s , English translation having horns ref http www.perseus.tufts.edu cgi bin lexindex?lookup kera sths&lang greek Perseus Liddell Scott Jones Lexicon of Classical Greek kerast s , ou, ho, horned , elaphos Soph. El. 568 kantharos IDEM S. Ichn .300 of a ram, kerasta Eur. Cycl. 52 lyr. Pan Antip.ti E. Oxy .662.49, Corn. ND27 Saturoi Luc. Bacch .1 fem. kerastis , idos, of Io, Aesch. PB 674. II. as Subst., horned serpent or asp , Cerastes cornutus , Nic. Th .258, LXX Pr.23.32, D.S.3.50, Ael. NA 1.57 hoi k. opheis Call.Hist. 3. 2. pest which destroys fig trees , Thphr. HP 4.14.5, au Thphr. HP 5.4.5. ref is a creature of Greek mythology Greek legend , a Snake serpent that is incredibly flexible so much so that it is said to have no spine. Cerastae can have either two large Ram sheep ram like horns or four pairs of smaller horns. The cerastes hides its head in the sand with only the horns protruding out of the surface this is meant to deceive other animals into thinking it is food. When the animal approaches the cerastes, the cerastes promptly kills it. The legend is most likely derived from the habits of the Cerastes cerastes horned viper , whose genus, Cerastes genus Cerastes , is named after the mythological creature. They are desert dwelling animals, which can have horn like protrusions over their eyes, and are ambush predators, though not nearly large enough to take prey items much larger than a mouse or small lizard. Leonardo da Vinci wrote the following on Cerastes This has four movable little horns so, when it wants to feed, it hides under leaves all of its body except these little horns which, as they move, seem to the birds to be some small worms at play. Then they immediately swoop down to pick them and the Cerastes suddenly twines round them and encircles and devours them Footnotes reflist References ... more details
CycL , which is based on predicate calculus and has a syntax similar to that of the Lisp ... are asserted using certain CycL sentences . Predicates are written before their arguments, in parentheses ..., unrestricted licences to meet the needs of its users. The CycL and SubL interpreter the program that allows ... of CycL higher order logic fragments with open variables, then after applying various constraints ... more details
a homotopic Jacobi identity. math phi, psi, chi , text cycl. DT phi, psi, chi math where T is math T phi, psi, chi frac13 langle phi, psi , chi rangle text cycl. math The Leibniz rule and the invariance ... more details
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