Infobox company company name Witcomb Cycles company logo Image WitcombC.png 80px center company type Private foundation 1949 location Unknown, formerly at 25 Tanners Hill, Deptford , London , United Kingdom key people Ernie Witcomb, co founder Lily Witcomb, co founder both retired br Barrie Witcomb, director and framebuilder Nicholas Young industry Bicycle frame Framebuilding and Cyclesports equipment Cyclesports Equipment products bicycle s, cycling accessories and cyclewear accessories Witcomb Cycles , formerly known as Witcomb Lightweight Cycles, is the trading name of the Witcomb Trading Company. It was a United Kingdom British company based in Deptford , south London specialising in custom handmade steel bicycle frames. The company was founded in 1949 by Ernie Witcomb and his wife Lily. The London shop closed in May 2009. It was one of the last custom framebuilders in London, leaving Roberts Cycles in Croydon the only framebuilder in London, and according to Witcomb Cycles one of probably about 15 framebuilders still working today in the UK. ref name lcs http www.londoncyclesport.com Features Features Witcomb Cycles.html Witcomb Cycles , London Cycle Sport, 22 May 2009 ref History Image Philliggett.jpg thumb left Left to right Barrie Witcomb, Phil Liggett and Ernie Witcomb on the Witcomb Cycles stand at the London Cycle Show 11 October 2007 Witcomb s father,Tom, a steel worker in local dockyards, started to build frames in 1928 in his east London cellar. In 1951 Ernie bought ... Lightweight Cycles with Wally Green as frame builder. Barrie Witcomb, Ernie Witcomb s son, started ... Cycles in Leeds . In 1959, Witcomb Cycles bought Rotrax Cycles Building. ref http www.classiclightweights.co.uk ... Chance and Ben Serotta , four American frame builders, trained at Witcomb Cycles in the early 1970s ... ref Racing Team In the 1960s, Witcomb Cycles sponsored the London Coureurs and the Hadrian CC Riders ... www.witcombcycles.co.uk Witcomb Cycles Official website http www.witcombcycles.co.uk blog Official ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Brain Cycles Type studio Artist Radio Moscow band Radio Moscow Cover RadioMoscowBrainCycles.jpg Released Start date 2009 4 14 Recorded Sound Farm, Jamaica, Iowa ref name liner cite album notes title Brain Cycles artist Radio Moscow band Radio Moscow year 2009 url http www.discogs.com Radio Moscow Brain Cycles release 1864403 publisher Alive Records ... Moscow album Radio Moscow br 2007 This album Brain Cycles br 2009 Next album The Great Escape of Leslie ... Lower caption LP edition cover Brain Cycles is the second studio album by American ... Alive Naturalsound , Brain Cycles was recorded at Sound Farm in Jamaica, Iowa and produced by band ... compared Brain Cycles to such psychedelic artists as Randy Holden of Blue Cheer , The Groundhogs , Peter ... Brain Cycles out April 14th author Radio Moscow band Radio Moscow publisher MySpace date January ... cycles r1490536 review pure url yes title Brain Cycles Review author Mark Deming publisher allmusic AllMusic accessdate October 14, 2010 ref Deming compares Brain Cycles to psychedelic blues rock of the 1960s ... review is generally positive, although he does conclude that Brain Cycles is undercut by songs ... over to get to one of the really good cuts ... They just don t make records like Brain Cycles anymore ... hearya cite web url http www.hearya.com 2009 04 30 radio moscow brain cycles album review title Radio Moscow Brain Cycles Album Review publisher HearYa date April 30, 2009 accessdate October 14, 2010 ref Many critics have also noted that Brain Cycles is an improvement on the band s debut album Radio ...&Forum ap809241559&ID 46285&access 2&status 1&StartAt 0&subject Radio Moscow Brain Cycles title Radio Moscow Brain Cycles author John Pegoraro publisher StonerRock.com date June 25, 2009 accessdate October ... The Escape length3 4 00 title4 No Good Woman length4 8 13 title5 Brain Cycles note5 instrumental ... Category Alive Naturalsound Records albums fr Brain Cycles ... more details
File Mercian road bike profile shot.jpg right thumb A Mercian road bike Mercian Cycles is an English custom bicycle manufacturer based in Derbyshire , England . ref name Kolin Kolin and de la Rosa, 1979, pp. 60 68 ref Mercian Cycles was founded by Tom Crowther and Lou Barker in 1946 and named after the ancient kingdom of Mercia . ref name Kolin Mercian Cycles operates a retail shop in Alvaston . ref name Juden Juden, 2010, pp. 37 38 ref Current production is around 300 to 400 frames per year, with 20 being exported outside the UK. ref name Juden As of 2010, touring bicycle s account for around 67 of Mercian s production, with track bicycle s making up another 25 . ref name Juden Frames are generally custom built to a rider s required dimensions, and may use hand cut Lugged steel frame construction lugs . ref name Kolin Mercian frames were traditionally built using steel, originally Reynolds 531 , ref name Kolin though as of 2010, newer steels such as Reynolds Cycle Technology Reynolds 853 and Reynolds Cycle Technology Reynolds 953 and part Carbon fiber carbon construction were in use. ref name Juden Before steel was superseded by lighter materials, riders using Mercian cycles won national and international competitions. ref name Juden From the original founders, the business passed to Ethel Crowther, ex wife of founder Tom Crowther. ref name Juden It then passed to Mercian framebuilder Bill Bretton. ref name Juden Since 2002, Mercian Cycles has belonged to Mercian framebuilder Grant Mosely and Jane Mosely, both of whom work in the business. ref name Juden Mercian Cycles has recently commissioned frame colour schemes from designer Paul Smith fashion designer Sir Paul Smith , who owns and rides several Mercian Track bicycle track bikes . ref name Juden Notes reflist References cite journal author Juden, Chris url http www.ctc.org.uk resources Magazine 201009037.pdf title ... Cycles Limited title The Custom Bicycle location Emmaus, Pa. publisher Rodale Press isbn 9780878572540 ... more details
Ontario, Profile of Pierre Giffard ref Cl ment Gladiator cycles In 1896 Adolphe Cl ment joined ... gladiator.html Brighton Early, Gladiator Cycles ref ref group Notes By 1896 the title of Humber cycles had been acquired by entrepreneur and fraudster Harry John Lawson Harry Lawson . The cycle factory ... The range of cycles was expanded with tricycles , quadricycles , and in 1902 a motorised bicycle ... links DEFAULTSORT Cl ment Cycles Category Defunct manufacturing companies of France Category ... Category Brass Era vehicles fr Cycles Cl ment ... more details
Seven Cycles is an American bicycle designer and manufacturer based in Watertown, Massachusetts . Seven, America s number one custom bicycle brand, ref http allanti.com articles where was my bike made pg328.htm ref was founded by Robert Vandermark in early 1997. Vandermark was the former head of research and development at Merlin bicycles Merlin Metalworks . Although Seven Cycles was originally founded to build high end titanium and steel frames, in 1998 Seven began also building titanium carbon frames and in 2002 began also building full carbon frames. ref http www.sevencycles.com about milestones.php ref All Seven brand bikes are hand made in their Watertown factory. Seven also manufactures custom titanium stems and mountain bike handlebars, carbon fiber road forks, aluminum handlebars, stems, and seat posts. ref Bicycle Retailer and Industry News Factory and Suppliers Guide 2010 ref Notes Reflist External links http www.sevencycles.com home.php Seven Cycles official site Mountain Biking in the United States Category Cycle manufacturers Category Cycle manufacturers of the United States Category Companies based in Massachusetts Category Mountain bike manufacturers Category Bicycle framebuilders cycle manufacturer stub ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Ice Cycles Type studio Artist Platypus band Platypus Cover IceCycles album .jpg Released 2000 Recorded October December 1999 Genre Progressive metal Progressive Metal Length 45 55 Label InsideOut Music Producer Platypus band Platypus Reviews Allmusic Rating 3 5 Allmusic class album id r468743 pure url yes link HM Magazine ref name HM 00 84 cite journal last Van Pelt first Doug title Reviews Ice Cycles year 2000 month July August journal HM Magazine issn 1066 6923 issue 84 pages 73 74 ref Last album When Pus Comes to Shove br 1998 This album Ice Cycles br 2000 Ice Cycles is the second album by the progressive metal group Platypus band Platypus , released in 2000. Track listing Oh God 4 16 Better Left Unsaid 5 24 The Tower 3 30 Cry 6 15 I Need You 4 17 25 instrumental 5 09 Gone 6 42 Partial to the Bean A Tragic American Quintogy instrumental 10 33 total Intro Pompatous 0 21 Yoko Ono 1 27 Yoko Two No 1 01 Yoko Three No 2 14 Platmosis 1 16 Yoko Againo 2 08 Yoko Outro 2 07 The album cover lists the last song as one track with 7 parts parts A through G on the back of the CD case , but the CD player displays 14 total tracks. Personnel Ty Tabor vocals, guitars Derek Sherinian keyboards John Myung bass Rod Morgenstein drums References Reflist King s X Dream Theater Category 2000 albums Category Platypus albums ... more details
Infobox company company name Santana Cycles foundation 1976 location city La Verne, California location country USA key people Bill McCready, Founder industry Bicycles products Bicycle and Related Components homepage http santanatandem.com santanatandem.com Image Santana Tandem.jpg thumb right Santana Beyond tandem with a mix of carbon fiber and titanium tubes and titanium lugs Santana Cycles is the world s leading manufacturer of tandem bicycle s. ref name Brown cite web url http www.sheldonbrown.com gloss sa o.html title Sheldon Brown Santana accessdate 2009 01 06 ref Santana was founded in 1976 by Bill McCready, an Associate Editor at Bicycling Magazine , and is located in La Verne, California. ref name Santana cite web url http santanatandem.com title Santana Cycles accessdate 2009 01 06 ref In the 1970s Santana virtually re invented the tandem, which had been in decline since the second world war. ref name Brown In 2002, Santana was described as the largest manufacturer of enthusiast level tandem bicycles. ref Cite journal url http www.ulv.edu comms lvm sp02 cycles.htm journal La Verne Magazine title Two Wheelin Changing Gears for the Life Cycle author Tom Galaraga date Spring 2002 accessdate 209 01 06 ref Products Besides two place tandems, Santana manufactures triplets, quads, quints, hexes, and the Cabrio , a triplet or quad that can be converted into a two place tandem by removing the center section of the frame. ref name Santana Santana manufactures its bike frames from 41xx steel cromoly steel , aluminum , titanium , and carbon fiber . ref name Santana Santana tandems are available for Road bicycle road and Mountain bike off road use, including full Bicycle suspension suspension , and can include Bicycle Torque Coupling S&S couplers to facilitate shipping and travel. ref name Santana References reflist External links http santanatandem.com Santana Cycles official Site Category Cycle manufacturers Category Cycle manufacturers of the United States Category Companies ... more details
Orphan date April 2008 Saracen Cycles are a brand of bicycle made and sold in the United Kingdom. Based in Warwick, England Warwick , England, the company manufactures a variety of road and sport bicycles. Saracen bikes used to be made in England until a few years ago, when, like many other cycle manufactures, moved abroad for cost reasons. Saracen was famous for its MAD trails display team, up until 2006 when it was sold. Saracen http www.saracen.co.uk is now a brand of cycles owned by Madison, a significant distributor of bicycles, parts and accessories http www.madison.co.uk which in turn is part of the H. Young group of companies. Madison, based in Stanmore, Middlesex. Madison also owns the Genesis and Ridgeback Ridgeback bicycles cycle brands. See also List of bicycle manufacturing companies External links http www.saracen.co.uk www.saracen.co.uk Category Cycle manufacturers of the United Kingdom England company stub cycle manufacturer stub ... more details
Dawes cycles have a distinctive curved seat tube that parallels the rear wheel closely, in order ... title Terms and Conditions url http www.dawescycles.com t terms.aspx publisher Dawes Cycles accessdate ... title Tandem buys Dawes Cycles publisher Bike Europe date 12 July 2001 ref , which also owns Falcon Cycles ref cite web url http www.tandemgroupplc.co.uk title About us publisher Tandem Group ... references External links http www.dawescycles.com Dawes Cycles http www.thefixedgeargalleryofbikes.com ... more details
Stratigraphic cycles refer to the Transgression geology transgressive and Marine regression regressive sequences bounded by unconformity unconformities in the stratagraphic record on the craton s. These cycles represent a large scale eustatic eustasy cycle since the Cambrian period with further sub divisions of those units. ref Sloss, L.L., 1963 . Sequences in the Cratonic Interior of North America. Geological Society of America Bulletin . 74 93 114. ref Divisions align right class wikitable Startigraphic Cycle Orders Type ref Vail, P.R., et al., 1977 . Global Cycles of Relative Changes in Sea Level. American Association of Peteroleum Geologists Memoirs . 26 83 98. ref Other Terms Duration in millions of years First order Supercycle 200 400 Second order Sequence or Synthem 10 100 Third order Mesothem 1 10 Fourth order Cyclothem .2 .5 The division of these sequences were originally constructed in the Appalachian Basin and Cordilleran Basin of North America. Eventually these sequences were correlated in Russia and South America. ref name multiple Prothero, D.R., and Schwab, F., 2004 . Sedimentary Geology . W.H. Freeman, New York 323. ref The transgressive regressive units show gaps in the rock ... orders in stratagraphic cycles have also been proposed. Fifth order cycles and sixth order cycles ... of Wilson cycle controlled sea level change, these shorter cycles were controlled by glaciers also .... ref First order cycles This cycle is most likely caused by the break up and formation of super continents ... of atmospheric heat. Second order cycles There are two competing arguments for second order ... Cycles. Paleoceanography, 2 97 118. ref Another theory, is that earth s true polar wander occurs ... . 16 57. ref Third order cycles This order of sea level change has yet to be fully explained. It was originally ... level fluctuations. ref name multiple Fourth order cycles Again, there are two competing theories for what controls fourth order cycles. Often called cyclothems , the relative short time period in which ... more details
RSVP cycles is a system of creative methodology for collaboration . It was developed by Anna Halprin , her husband Lawrence Halprin and the latter s fellow architect Jim Burns. sfn Schechner 2002 p 200 sfn Dun erovi 2003 p 22 Halprin presented it in a 1969 book The RSVP Cycles Creative Processes in the Human Environment harv Halprin 1970 sfn Raby 2010 Page needed date March 2012 quotebox quote By chance, when I finally put the headings together, they spelled wikt RSVP RSVP , which is a communications idea meaning respond . source harvnb Halprin 1970 p 2&ndash 3 sfn Halprin 1995 p 125 width 30 The name is an initialism referring to its four components sfn Halprin 1995 p 124 R esources Anything that can be used in the process, including time, Physical property physical materials, other people, ideas, limitations etc. S core Instructions for the work. This can be identified along a gradient scale ratio scale of being an Open or a Closed score. V aluation A process of dynamically responding to the work based on values. P erformance Setting the work in motion. Within each stage there is a micro cycle, which includes all the other elements e.g. scoring the resources, resourcing the performance, performing the score etc . There is no set order in which stages should be completed, and one can jump from any element to any other element as long as there is Consensus decision making consensus . sfn Shelleda 2011 References Cross reference reflist 20em Sources used refbegin cite book ref harv title The cinema of Robert Lepage the poetics of memory first Aleksandar last Dun erovi publisher Wallflower Press year 2003 isbn 978 1 903364 33 8 cite book ref harv title Performance studies ... title RSVP cycles work After the Jug Was Broken first Leah last Shelleda date 2011 11 05 title ... ctr.0.0047 refend Further reading cite book ref harv title The RSVP cycles creative processes in the human ... year 1970 cite journal ref harv title Review Symposium The RSVP Cycles Creative Processes in the Human ... more details
File Sohrab bicycle.jpg thumb A 2012 Sohrab roadster. Sohrab Cycles are a Pakistani bicycle and motorcycle manufacturer. They were the first domestic producer of bicycles in Pakistan . ref name About cite web author title PAKISTAN CYCLE INDUSTRIAL CO OPERATIVE SOCIETY LTD. url http www.sohrab cycles.com aboutus.php work publisher Sohrab Cycles year accessdate 21 January 2012 ref Company structure and history In 1952 Pakistan had a foreign exchange crisis which severely restricted imports. A group of traders in Lahore saw an opportunity to domestically produce and sell bicycles. Consequently they founded Sohrab Cycles for these purposes. The company was organized on a co operative basis. It initially had 22 members and produced 5 bicycles a day. It now has 228 members and produces approximately 2000 bicycles a day. ref name About Sohrab continues to maintain its social principles with a subsidised workers canteen and company hospital. It also pays for five of its workers to attend the Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca each year. ref name About Products Sohrab initially manufactured a single speed Roadster bicycle roadster bicycle. This had a Lugged steel frame construction lugged steel frame and Bicycle brake Rod actuated brakes rod brakes . This bicycle is still in production more than 50 years later. More modern MTB and BMX style bicycles were added to the range in the 1990s. ref name News cite web author title News & Events url http www.sohrab cycles.com news&events.php work publisher Sohrab Cycles year accessdate 21 January 2012 ref Sohrab have also diversified into producing Freight bicycle cargo tricycles , gymnasium equipment, push chairs and wheelchairs. The latter are sold at cost price . ref name About In 1994 Sohrab entered the motorcycle market with the JS70. A larger engined version of this was later used as the basis for an auto rickshaw . ref name News Markets Sohrab ... work publisher Sohrab Cycles year accessdate 21 January 2012 ref References Reflist External links ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2008 Image Moped 001.jpg thumb 1960 Phillips Panda Mark 1 P40 File PandaRestored.JPG thumb 1960 Mark 1 Phillips Panda Phillips Cycles Limited company Ltd . was a United Kingdom British bicycle manufacturer based in Smethwick near Birmingham , England . Its history began early in the 20th century and ended in the 1980s by which time it had become part of Raleigh bicycle Raleigh Industries , itself a part of the Tube Investments group. For a number of years, the company was the second largest bicycle producer in Britain, after Raleigh. The company motto, which was carried on all its badges, was Renowned the World Over . The Phillips brand is still used around the world, especially in China and the Far East, having been licensed by Raleigh. Products The company produced millions of bicycles, many of which were exported, and also manufacturing manufactured several mopeds . These mopeds included the Phillips Panda Panda and Phillips Gadabout Gadabout models. The earliest of these machines circa 1958 to 1962 were all produced in the United Kingdom except for the Germany German Rex engine s but later models Panda Mk 3 and Gadabout were licensed versions of the Mobylette moped made by Motob cane of France . Category Moped manufacturers Category Cycle manufacturers of the United Kingdom Category Cycling in the United Kingdom Category Companies based in Smethwick cycle manufacturer stub nl Phillips Cycles pt Phillips bicicletas ... more details
Pashley Cycles detail.JPG right thumb Pashley Delibike Pashley Cycles is a bicycle , tricycle and Freight ... that they were Manufacturers of every type of cycle and that Birmingham produces the finest cycles, these are Birmingham ... racing machines, tradesmans carrier cycles and Tandem bicycle tandems . Barber was Meg Pashley s Rath ... identifying a niche market market niche . A new company, Pashley Carrier Cycles, was formed to concentrate on building tough carrier cycles which were designed to withstand the abuse thrown at them ... products, ice cream and general deliveries. In the 1930s Pashley made almost every single part of their cycles ... machine gun mounts among other equipment. Post War In the years following the war carrier cycles ... moved away from motorised vehicles and, together with the carrier cycles, trolleys, carts and street ... Since inception Pashley has provided carrier cycles to industry and commerce. One of the early, equal wheel carrier cycles Pashley sold in the 1930s the Model L for 7.10.0 had a front metal tubular .... In 1974 Pashley acquired Gundle, the only other surviving manufacturer of carrier cycles. This cemented ... including Townsends Cycles to produce this bike and in the 1990s became the sole supplier. During the mid ... wheel hire bike. For much of the 1990s Pashley were producing one, two and three wheeled cycles ... disk brakes and suspension forks. At the end of 1997 Pashley absorbed Cresswell Cycles, a manufacturer ... Cycles are Made and Why http www.flickr.com photos mistagregory 4544322761 www.flickr.com Video ... of Birmingham, West Midlands es Pashley Cycles ... more details
Zane s Cycles is a New England bicycle store located in Branford, Connecticut Branford , Connecticut , started by Christopher J. Zane in 1980, at the age of 16. Since then, the store has grown from a local bicycle and hobby shop, to the largest P&I Premiums and Incentives distributor of bicycles in the United States. The story of Zane s growth from small shop owner to major distributor found its way into several major business publications and college courses on marketing. Inc. magazine Inc. and Fortune magazine Fortune magazines both wrote positively of his aggressive local strategies, labeling them in some cases as guerrilla marketing . An example was his tactic of purchasing competitor s phone numbers after putting them out of business. In another quite opposite strategy, his focus on establishing a bond with the customer through simple gestures like selling children s helmets at dealer cost, and offering lifetime guarantees was a topic in an article by the Harvard Business Review . External links http zanes.com , World Famous Zane s Cycles http www.inc.com magazine 19960201 1544.html Leader of the Pack , Inc. magazine Inc. Magazine , February, 1996 http www.inc.com magazine 20001101 20908.html A Bigger Wheel , Inc. magazine Inc. Magazine , November 2000 http hbswk.hbs.edu item.jhtml?id 2282&t marketing&noseek one When the Price Slasher Turns Against You , Harvard Business Review , June, 2001 Category Distributors Category Distribution companies of the United States Category Companies based in New Haven County, Connecticut leisure company stub ... more details
Refimprove date April 2012 peacock date April 2012 Infobox Company name Cycles Devinci logo File Devinci logo 2.jpg type Private genre foundation Chicoutimi, Quebec Chicoutimi, QC. 1987 founder location city Montreal Montreal, QC location country Canada location locations area served key people industry sporting goods products bicycles services revenue operating income net income assets equity owner Felix Gauthier num employees 51 200 parent divisions subsid slogan homepage http www.devinci.com footnotes http www.linkedin.com company cycles devinci intl File Bixi Toronto May 2011.jpg thumb Bixi Toronto May 2011 Cycles Devinci is a Canada Canadian bicycle manufacturer established in Chicoutimi, Quebec in 1987. In addition to a full line of road bicycle road , mountain bicycle mountain and hybrid bicycle hybrid bicycles, it also manufactures the Bixi bicycle used in bicycle sharing schemes in cities such as Montreal and Toronto . ref Cite web last Pearson first Kali title Quebec oddball bikes spark cycling revolution The Globe and Mail accessdate 2011 07 03 date 2010 12 09 url http www.theglobeandmail.com report on business small business start location quebec oddball bikes spark cycling revolution article1830114 ref Devinci supplies a similar bicycle to Barclays Cycle Hire in London, England . History File Gallery smith 4.jpg thumb Steve Smith on the Devinci Wilson Founded in 1987, Devinci began its corporate identity as Da Vinci started by two local engineering students. Road biking entrepreneur, Felix Gauthier, took an interest and, by 1990, he purchased half the company, swapped vowels, and renamed the company Devinci . When a costly new oven broke, instead of making costly repairs, Gauthier and his team built one themselves. By 1993, distribution had expanded, Gauthier had taken sole ownership of the business. From Canadian market exclusivity, Devinci branched worldwide ... In 2009, Canada Economic Development allocated funding to help Cycles Devinci acquire equipment ... more details
Deleted image removed Image Cortina Europa FS 2.jpg 250px thumb Cortina Europa FS Frameset Cortina Cycles is a bicycle frame manufacturer in Santa Barbara, California . It has made frames for Italian companies such as Bennotto , and Gios . Infobox Company company name Cortina Cycles. company logo Commented out because image was deleted Image Cortina Logo.jpg 200px company type Private company Private company slogan Handmade in the USA foundation 1955 location 2024 Mountain Ave, Santa Barbara, California 93101, USA key people Raul Cortina, Esteban Cortina, Adrian Cortina, Daniel Cortina industry Bicycles products Bicycle Frames parent Bici Cortina Mexico homepage http www.cortinacycles.com www.cortinacycles.com Background Raul Cortina , his brother and uncle started Cortina Cycles in Mexico in 1955, in a small bike shop in Mexico City . It acquired factory outlets within Mexico selling Cortina frames and moved into the factory it still owns in Mexico. Cortina Cycles built frames for companies such as Bennotto and Gios. Raul Cortina s son, Esteban, started designing mountain bike frames ing the 1990s after graduating from college. He created Cortina Cycles USA in Santa Barbara, California with his brothers Daniel and Adrian, who are professional racers. Cortina n 1994 became one of the first to produce a downhill frame with 8 inches of rear travel. Cortina now make frames from BMX to tandems. Frames Production Frames By Year Please add information if you can help align center border 1 cellspacing 0 cellpadding 4 class toccolours width 500 style margin 0 0 1em 1em border collapse collapse border 1px aaa solid bgcolor E8E7DB style vertical align top DH 8 1998 Commented out because image was deleted Image Cortina DH 8.jpg thumb 250px Cortina DH 8 center br Specs Rear Wheel Travel ... was the first to be manufactured in Mexico after Cortina Cycles USA was set up. The low manufacturing ... External links Official Website http www.cortinacycles.com Cortina Cycles http www.mbaction.com detail.asp ... more details
Overview Fixed function is a term canonically used to contrast 3D graphics API s and earlier GPU s designed prior to the advent of shader based 3D graphics APIs and GPU architectures. History Historically fixed function API s consisted of a set of function entry points that would approximately or directly map to dedicated logic for their named purpose in GPU s designed to support them. As shader based GPUs and APIs evolved, fixed function APIs were implemented by graphics driver engineers using the more general purpose shading architecture. This approach served as a segue that would continue providing the fixed function API abstraction most developers were experienced with while allowing further development and enhancements of the newer shader based architectures. OpenGL , OpenGL ES and DirectX Direct3D are all 3D graphics APIs that went through the transition from the fixed function programming model to the shader based programming model. Below is a table of when the transition from fixed function to shaders was made class Fixed function to Shader based APIs 3D API Last Fixed function Version First Shader Version OpenGL v1.5 v2.0 OpenGL ES v1.1 v2.0 DirectX v7.0 v8.0 Fixed Function vs Shaders Fixed function API s tend to be a simpler programming abstraction with a series of well defined and specifically named graphics pipeline stages. Shader based APIs treat graphics data vertices and pixels texels generically and allow a great deal of flexibility in how this data is modulated. More sophisticated rendering techniques are possible using a shader based API. Category 3D computer graphics ... more details
In computing , fixed float describes a method of representing real number s in a way that number and decimal point value is stored at different location or bytes in a memory allocated to variable unlike floating point . In a typical 4 byte on little endian platform fixed float number lower lsb 2 byets are used to store the decimal part of the number just like integer value. While upper 2 bytes are used to store the part of number before the decimal point. Floating point numbers are, in general, represented approximately to a fixed number of Significant figures significant digits and scaled using an Exponentiation exponent . The base for the scaling is normally 2, 10 or 16. The typical number that can be represented exactly is of the form Significant digits base sup exponent sup Overview Above method of representing the floating point numbers is complex method of representing the floating point numbers, but it we can represent wide range of floating points numbers by this method. As well as it is convenient to manipulate the floating point numbers by this method. It is difficult for human being to convert floating point real numbers in mathematical language number into the format in which they are stored into the memory.As well as it is difficult to convert back floating point, looking its hex or binary value, into the real number.Due to the conversion problem fixed floating point numbers are used. Fixed floating point numbers could be easily converted by the human into its memory representation and from memory representation into the actual number. Memory Layout Here is detailed memory layout of how fixed flaoting point number are stored in memory. Suppose we want to represent the number 23.7. Now in 16 it 23 is represented as 0017. While 7 is represent as 0007 so hex value stored in 4 bytes allocated for fixed float would be 0017 0007. Also if you convert back number which is represented as hex representation in memory 0023 0070. As upper two bytes have value 0023 its ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Accounting A fixed liability is a type of debt . Bond finance Bonds , mortgages and loan s that are payable over a term exceeding one year would be fixed liabilities. See also Long term liabilities . DEFAULTSORT Fixed Liability Category Financial terminology accounting stub ... more details
A fixed allele is an allele that is the only variant that exists for that gene in all the population . A fixed allele is homozygous for all members of the population. ref http www.biochem.northwestern.edu holmgren Glossary Definitions Def F fixed allele.html ref The term allele normally refers to one variant gene out of several possible for a particular locus genetics locus in the DNA. When all but one allele go extinct and only one remains, that allele is said to be fixed. References references genetics stub Category Genetics ... more details
Refimprove date June 2007 A fixed interest rate loan is a loan where the interest rate doesn t fluctuate during the fixed rate period of the loan. This allows the borrower to accurately predict their future payments. Variable rate loans, by contrast, are anchored to the prevailing discount rate . A fixed interest rate is based on the lender s assumptions about the average discount rate over the fixed rate period. For example, when the discount rate is historically low, fixed rates are normally higher than variable rates because interest rates are more likely to rise during the fixed rate period. Conversely, when interest rates are historically high, lenders normally offer a discount to borrowers to fix their interest rate over time, as rates are more likely to fall during the fixed rate period. Some fixed interest loans particularly mortgages intended for the use of people with previous adverse credit have an extended overhang , that is to say that once the initial fixed rate period is over, the person taking out the loan is tied into it for a further extended period at a higher interest rate before they are able to redeem it. DEFAULTSORT Fixed Interest fixed interest consist of debentures preferred stocks bonds and all government securities Category Interest rates Category Financial economics Category Financial terminology Econ stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 File Climber on fixed rope route Piz Mitgel 2.jpg thumb right 220px Climber on fixed rope route Piz Mitgel , Savognin , Grisons , Switzerland Fixed rope is the practice of fixing in place bolted ropes to assist climbers and walkers in exposed mountain locations. They are used widely on American and European climbing routes but disdained by purist Mountaineering mountaineers . Many guided expeditions to any of the eight thousander s normally set up fixed rope on steep or icy sections of the route. For example, on the Hillary Step of Mount Everest , fixed rope is used to reduce the bottleneck of climbers that typically results from climbing this technical section just below the summit. DEFAULTSORT Fixed Rope Category Climbing techniques Climbing stub de Fixseil ... more details
refimprove date April 2010 Fixed capital is a concept in economics and accounting , first theoretically ... capital fixed asset that is not used up in the production of a product and is contrasted with circulating capital such as raw materials, operating expenses and the like. Fixed capital is that portion of the total capital that is invested in fixed assets such as land, buildings, vehicles, plant and equipment ... period. Fixed assets can be purchased by a business, in which case the business owns them, but also leased , hired or rented , if that is cheaper or more convenient, or if owning the fixed assets is practically impossible. Refining the classical distinction between fixed and circulating capital ... rotation speeds turnover time of different types of physical capital assets. Fixed capital also circulates , except that the circulation time is much longer, because a fixed asset may be held for 5, 10 or 20 years before it has yielded its value and is discarded for its salvage value. A fixed ... accounts , http epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu statistics explained index.php Fixed capital fixed capital is conventionally defined as the stock of tangible, durable fixed assets owned or used by resident ..., copyright protected entertainment, literary and artistics originals within the definition of fixed assets. Land itself is not included in the statistical concept of fixed capital, even though it is a fixed ... of land improvements is included in the statistical concept of fixed capital, being regarded as the creation of value added through production. Estimating the value of fixed capital Attempts have been made to estimate the value of the stock of fixed capital for the whole economy using direct ... fixed capital formation , price inflation and depreciation schedules. A pioneer in this area was the economist ... asset figure, and adds on the net additions to fixed assets year by year, while deducting ... index . In this way, one obtains a time series of annual fixed capital stocks. However, it is widely ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
