Expert subject Technology date March 2010 In telecommunications , the term cyclicprefix refers to the prefixing of a symbol data symbol with a repetition of the end. Although the receiver is typically configured to discard the cyclicprefix samples, the cyclicprefix serves two purposes. As a guard interval , it eliminates the intersymbol interference from the previous symbol. As a repetition of the end of the symbol, it allows the linear convolution of a frequency selective multipath channel to be modelled as circular convolution, which in turn may be transformed to the frequency domain using a discrete Fourier transform . This approach allows for simple frequency domain processing, such as channel estimation and equalization. In order for the cyclicprefix to be effective i.e. to serve its aforementioned objectives , the length of the cyclicprefix must be at least equal to the length of the multipath channel. Although the concept of cyclicprefix has been traditionally associated with OFDM systems, the cyclicprefix is now also used in single carrier systems to improve the robustness to multipath. Principle Cyclicprefix is often used in conjunction with modulation in order to retain sinusoid sinusoids properties in multipath propagation multipath channels. It is well known that sinusoidal signals are eigenfunctions of linear , and time invariant systems. Therefore, if the channel is assumed to be linear and time invariant , then a sinusoid of infinite duration would be an eigenfunction . However, in practice, this cannot be achieved, as real signals are always time limited ... this property in the part of the symbol after the cyclicprefix. Use in OFDM Cyclic Prefixes are used ... symbol, followed by a cyclic prefixing. Let the symbol obtained by the IDFT be denoted by math mathbf x 0 x 0 , x 1 , ldots x N 1 T math . Prefixing it with a cyclicprefix of length math L ... Tutorial Nisar.pdf the significance of cyclicprefix in OFDM systems . Category Quantized radio modulation ... more details
About the linguistic feature wiktionarypar prefix A prefix is an affix which is placed before the root of a word. Particularly in the study of languages,a prefix is also called a preformative , because it alters the form of the words to which it is affixed. For an example Examples of prefixes unhappy un is a negative or Opposite semantics antonymic prefix. prefix, preview pre is a prefix, with the sense of before redo , review. re is a prefix meaning again . The word prefix is itself made up of the stem fix meaning attach , in this case , and the prefix pre meaning before , both of which are derived from Latin root linguistics root s. See also English prefixes List of Greek and Latin roots in English Suffix ling stub Category Linguistic morphology Category Lexical units Category Prefixes Category English morphemes ar bg br Rakger ca Prefix cv ceb Unanggikit cs P edpona da Pr fiks de Pr fix et Prefiks es Prefijo eo Prefikso gd Ro leasachan gl Prefixo ko hy hr Prefiks io Prefixo id Prefiks os is Forskeyti it Prefisso kk sw Kiambishi awali ku P gir zimannas la Praefixum lt Prie d lis ml nl Prefix taalkunde nds nl Vuurplaksel ja no Prefiks oc Prefixe pnb pl Przedrostek pt Prefixo gramatical ru simple Prefix ss Sicalo sk Predpona fi Prefiksi sv Prefix tl Unlapi th tr n ek uk vec Prefiso gramatica e vo Foy mot wa Betchete linwince yi zh ... more details
A prefix is a part of a word attached to a beginning of a word which modifies the meaning of that stem. Prefix may also refer to Prefix computer science , a prefix of a string Numerical prefix , a prefix derived from the words for numbers in various languages, most commonly Greek and Latin SI prefix or metric prefix, a name or associated symbol that precedes a unit of measure or its symbol to form a decimal multiple or submultiple Binary prefix , a name or associated symbol that can precede a unit of measure in computing to indicate multiplication by a power of two Trunk prefix , the initial number to be dialled in a domestic telephone call Telephone prefix , the first set of digits in a telephone number not a country code or area code Network address prefix , the initial part of a network address, used in address delegation and routing ITU prefix , a call sign for radio and television stations. Prefix code , a type of code in coding theory Ship prefix , a combination of letters used in front of the name of a civilian or naval ship Prefix notation or Polish notation , a method of mathematical expression Prefix Magazine , an alternative media publication about music disambig de Pr fix Begriffskl rung fr Pr fixe nl Prefix pt Prefixo ru sq Prefiksi sl Predpona th ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Expert subject Computer networking date November 2008 In IPv6 networking, prefix delegation is used to assign a network address prefix to a user site, configuring the user s router computing router with the prefix to be used for each LAN. This is one of the methods for delegating IPv6 address prefixes to an IPv6 subscriber s network or site . It is described by RFC 3769. With the advent of IPv6 protocol, there is a need for a delegation mechanism which will automate the process of configuring networking equipment with appropriate prefixes at the customer s site. Though IPv6 enables simple and automatic host configuration it does not provide specification to automatically delegate a prefix to routers. DHCPv6 is used for the automatic configuration of IPv6 nodes. In the DHCPv6 protocol DHCPv6 servers send the network configuration parameters to IPv6 node networking node s. Category Computer networks Category IPv6 compu network stub ... more details
orphan date October 2009 Image pwhois query.png thumb This example Prefix WhoIs query shows various information about an IP address including its network origin and registrar details Prefix WhoIs is an open source project that develops and operates a free whois compatible framework for stockpiling and querying various routing and registry information. Prefix WhoIs uses global BGP routing data learned from many ISP backbone routers. Other information sources are also supported, such as imported data from every Regional Internet Registry AFRINIC , APNIC , ARIN , LACNIC and RIPE and geocoding information. The project has been mentioned in a number of popular network security and network engineering books ref Extreme Exploits Advanced Defenses Against Hardcore Hacks 2005 by McGraw Hill ISBN 0 07 225955 8 ref and articles ref http www.securityfocus.com excerpts 17 3 SecurityFocus article ref . Public Prefix WhoIs Service Many public servers around the world operate mirrors of Prefix WhoIs, making the information generally available worldwide. The service may be used with any client using the standard whois protocol. The DNS address whois.pwhois.org resolves to the Prefix WhoIs server nearest to the client based on anycast DNS. Client Software Several client software packages are available from both Prefix WhoIs itself and from commercial vendors. These include free, open source utilities such as WhoB and Layer Four Trace route. Server Software The http pwhois.org server.who pWhoIsd ... Prefix WhoIs native, Cymru, and RPSL . The pWhoIs updatedb agent parses routing information base ... a relational database Software Development Libraries The Prefix WhoIs project distributes C and PHP libraries for direct access to Prefix WhoIs servers. A HTTP simpleQuery interface is also available ... ref Sources references External links http pwhois.org The Prefix WhoIs Project Official Web ... information DEFAULTSORT Prefix Whois Category Network analyzers Category Free network management software ... more details
A prefix code is a type of code system typically a variable length code distinguished by its possession of the prefix property which states that there is no valid code word in the system that is a prefix computer science prefix start of any other valid code word in the set. For example, a code with code words 9, 59, 55 has the prefix property a code consisting of 9, 5, 59, 55 does not, because 5 is a prefix of both 59 and 55 . With a prefix code, a receiver can identify each word without requiring a special marker between words. Prefix codes are also known as prefix free codes , prefix condition codes and instantaneous codes . Although Huffman coding is just one of many algorithms for deriving prefix codes, prefix codes are also widely referred to as Huffman codes , even ... applied as a synonym for prefix free codes ref US Federal Standard 1037C ref ref citation title ... synchronizing code s, a subclass of prefix codes. Using prefix codes, a message can be transmitted ... with codes that lack the prefix property, for example 0, 1, 10, ... word 1 , or merely the prefix of the code word 10 or 11 . The variable length Huffman coding Huffman ... machine language of most computer microarchitectures are prefix codes. Prefix codes are not error correcting codes . In practice, a message might first be compressed with a prefix code, and then encoded ... the sets of code word lengths that are possible in a prefix code. Techniques If every word ... technique for constructing variable length prefix codes. The Huffman coding algorithm takes as input the frequencies that the code words should have, and constructs a prefix code that minimizes the weighted ... word ends in a comma, and the comma does not appear elsewhere in a code word, the code is prefix ... code s are prefix codes that allow frame synchronization . Prefix codes in use today Examples of prefix codes include variable length Huffman coding Huffman codes country calling codes the country ... more details
In computer science , a prefix grammar is a type of string rewriting system , consisting of a set of string computer science string rewriting rules, and similar to a formal grammar or a semi Thue system . What is specific about prefix grammars is not the shape of their rules, but the way in which they are applied only prefix computer science prefixes are rewritten. The prefix grammars describe exactly all regular language s. ref http portal.acm.org citation.cfm?id 185820 M. Frazier and C. D. Page. Prefix grammars An alternative characterization of the regular languages. Information Processing Letters, 51 2 67 71, 1994. ref Formal definition A prefix grammar G is a n tuple 3 tuple , , S , P , where is a finite alphabet S is a finite set of base strings over P is a set of production rules of the form u v where u and v are strings over For strings x , y , we write x sub G sub y and say G can derive y from x in one step if there are strings u, v, w such that x vu, y wu , and v w is in P . Note that sub G sub is a binary relation on the strings of . The language of G , denoted L G , is the set of strings derivable from S in zero or more steps formally, the set of strings w such that for some s in S , s R w , where R is the transitive closure of sub G sub . Example The prefix grammar 0, 1 S 01, 10 P 0 010, 10 100 describes the language defined by the regular expression math 01 01 cup 100 math See also Regular grammar References reflist Category Formal languages hr Prefiksna gramatika ru zh ... more details
In computer programming , a prefix header is a feature found in some C programming language C or C compilers used to simplify code and or to reduce compilation time. Overview In the C programming language C and C programming languages, a header file is a computer file file whose text is included in another source file by the compiler , usually by the use of compiler directive s at the beginning of the source file. A prefix header differs from a normal header file in that it is automatically included at the beginning of every source file by the compiler, without the use of any compiler directives. Prefix headers are usually precompiled header pre compiled in order to reduce compilation times. Example On Mac OS X , the Xcode build system generates prefix headers automatically for new projects. A new Cocoa API Cocoa project, for instance, gets a prefix header that looks like this source lang objc ifdef OBJC import Cocoa Cocoa.h endif source As a result, it is unnecessary to explicitly include any of the above files in any Objective C code in the program, although doing so is harmless, in the case of Objective C because of the semantics of the code import code directive, but more generally with code include code because of the use of include guard s. Similar prefix headers are generated for other types of project. See also Header file Precompiled header External links http developer.apple.com mac library documentation DeveloperTools Conceptual XcodeBuildSystem 800 Reducing Build Times bs speed up build.html apple ref doc uid TP40002695 SW1 Xcode User Guide Using a Precompiled Prefix Header Category Source code Category C headers Category C ... more details
A trunk prefix is the number to be dialed in a domestic telephone call , preceding any necessary area code s and subscriber numbers. When the number is called from overseas, the trunk prefix is omitted by the caller. In most countries, such as Australia , Germany and the United Kingdom , the trunk prefix is 0. In the North American Numbering Plan it is 1. Example Further Local conventions for writing telephone numbers Assume a call is to be made to someone in the Australia n state of Queensland . A caller from outside Australia would dial the international access number international call prefix of the originating country 00 for many countries, 011 from NANP areas , then dial the country code in this case 61 , omit the trunk prefix, then dial the area code in this case 7 , and then the local number. So a caller in the UK would dial 00 61 7 3333 3333, while a caller in the USA would dial 011 61 7 3333 3333. Calling interstate e.g. from Western Australia , a caller would not dial an international access number or country code, but dial the trunk prefix in this case 0 then the area code, followed by the telephone number 0 7 3333 3333 Calling from within Queensland, one simply dials the telephone number 3333 3333. When conducting business e.g., on business card s or stationery, etc. , that number should be written as 61 7 3333 3333 and should include only the digits that must be dialed from abroad. The sign is used in place of the international access code. It has become common practice to write the number with the trunk prefix in parentheses, for example 61 0 7 3333 3333. However, someone calling this number from the USA would probably dial all the digits, resulting in a failed call. ITU T Recommendation E.123 states that parentheses should not be used in the international notation. Countries still using trunk prefixes Open dialing plan Americas Argentina Bolivia Brazil North ... Glossary World Telephone Numbering Guide. DEFAULTSORT Trunk Prefix Category Telephone numbers de ... more details
Multiple issues no footnotes August 2009 refimprove March 2009 context March 2009 The set of prefix es of right sentential form s that can appear on the stack of a shift reduce parser are called viable prefixes. An equivalent definition of a viable prefix is that it is a prefix of right sentential form that does not continue past the right end of the rightmost handle of that sentential form. By this definition, it is always possible to add terminal symbol s to the end of a viable prefix to obtain a right sentential form. Therefore, there is apparently no error as long as the portion of the input seen to a given point can be reduced to a viable prefix. Bibliography Database Systems The Complete Book with H. Garcia Molina and J. Widom , Prentice Hall Prentice Hall , Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey Englewood Cliffs, NJ , 2002. Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation , with J. E. Hopcroft and R. Motwani , Addison Wesley, Reading MA, 1969, 1979, 2000. Elements of ML Programming , Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1993, 1998. A First Course in Database Systems with J. Widom , Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1997, 2002. Foundations of Computer Science with A. V. Aho , Computer science Computer Science Press, New York, 1992.C edition, 1994. Principles of Database and Knowledge Base Systems two volumes , Computer Science Press, New York, 1988, 1989. Compilers Principles, Techniques, and Tools with A. V. Aho and R. Sethi , Pearson PLC Addison Wesley , Reading MA, 1977, 1986. Computational Aspects of VLSI , Computer Science Press, 1984 Data Structures and Algorithms with A. V. Aho and J. E. Hopcroft , Addison Wesley, Reading MA, 1983. Principles of Compiler Design with A. V. Aho, Harkirat Singh , Addison Wesley, Reading, MA, 1977. Fundamental Concepts of Programming Systems , Addison Wesley, Reading MA, 1976. The Design and Analysis of Computer Algorithms with A. V. Aho and J. E. Hopcroft , Addison Wesley, Reading MA, 1974. Category Computing terminology ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A telephone prefix is the first set of digits of a telephone number in the North American Numbering Plan countries country code 1 , it is the first three digits out of a seven digit phone number. It shows which telephone exchange exchange the remaining numbers refer to. Some places restrict certain prefixes to only fax numbers or for mobile phone cell phone s while in other places the prefixes are random. Most but not all area codes reserve the prefix 555 telephone number 555 for special uses 555 1212 is telephone information in most area codes. For this reason, it is often used for phone numbers in television and movies. Failure to do so can cause a number of problems, as occurred with the release of the song 867 5309 Jenny causing hundreds of calls to the various people and organizations all over the U.S. that had that phone number. The film Bruce Almighty resulted in someone s real phone number being used, eventually leading to a lawsuit. See also Telephone numbering plan List of international call prefixes List of country calling codes DEFAULTSORT Telephone Prefix Category Telephone numbers eo Telefonprefikso hu K rzeth v sz m ... more details
In computer science , the prefix sum , or scan , of a sequence of numbers math x sub 0 sub , x sub 1 ... , ... , the sum s of prefix es running total s of the input sequence math 1 y sub 0 sub x sub 0 sub math 1 y sub 1 sub x sub 0 sub x sub 1 sub math 1 y sub 2 sub x sub 0 sub x sub 1 sub x sub 2 sub ... Prefix ... 1 y sub i sub y sub i &minus 1 sub x sub i sub to compute each number in the prefix sum in sequence. However, despite their ease of computation, prefix sums are a useful primitive in certain algorithms ... title Introduction to Algorithms year 2001 . ref Prefix sums have also been much studied in parallel ... prefix sums can be generalized from finite to infinite sequences in that context, a prefix sum is known as a partial sum of a series mathematics series . Prefix summation or partial summation form linear ... operators. Parallel algorithm File Prefix sum 16.svg thumb 300px Circuit representation of a 16 input parallel prefix sum A prefix sum can be calculated in parallel by the following steps. ref ... sub 1 sub x sub 2 sub x sub 3 sub , etc. Recursively compute the prefix sum math w sub 0 sub , w sub ... prefix sum math 1 y sub 0 sub x sub 0 sub , math 1 y sub 1 sub w sub 0 sub , math 1 y sub 2 ... there are more elements than processors. ref name lf80 Parallel algorithms for prefix sums can ... 2007 . ref Applications Counting sort is an integer sorting algorithm that uses the prefix sum of a histogram ... science array that represents the same sequence of items, can be viewed as computing a prefix sum on the sequence 1, 1, 1, ... and then mapping each item to the array position given by its prefix sum value by combining list ranking, prefix sums, and Euler tour s, many important problems on tree graph ... 1985 doi 10.1137 0214061 pages 862 874 . ref An early application of parallel prefix sum algorithms ... the operations of the parallel prefix sum algorithm, it is possible to design an adder that uses ... first2 M. J. last2 Fischer author2 link Michael J. Fischer title Parallel Prefix Computation journal ... more details
The VEX prefix and VEX coding scheme is a proposed future extension to the x86 instruction set architecture ... description The proposed VEX coding scheme uses a code prefix consisting of 2 or 3 byte s which ... Intel Corporation date January 2009 ref The VEX prefix replaces the most commonly used instruction prefix bytes and Escape sequence escape codes . In many cases, the number of prefix bytes and escape bytes that are replaced is the same as the number of bytes in the VEX prefix, so that the total length ... cases, the VEX encoded version is longer or shorter than the legacy code. The VEX prefix contains the following components The bit, R, contained in the REX prefix used in the x86 64 instruction set extension ..., F2, F3 . The three byte VEX prefix additionally contains The three bits, X B and W, also contained in the REX prefix used in the x86 64 instruction set extension. Five bits named m. Two of the m bits ... to ensure that the second byte of a VEX prefix is always of this form in 32 bit mode. R& 773 , X& 773 and B& 773 bits are inversion of the REX prefix s R, X and B bits these provide a fourth ..., respectively allowing access to 16 instead of 8 registers. The W bit is equivalent to the REX prefix ... prefix bytes. The values 1, 2 and 3 are equivalent to opcode prefixes 0F, 0F 38 and 0F 3A all other values are currently reserved. The 2 byte VEX prefix always corresponds to the 0F prefix .... p encodes additional prefix bytes. The values 0, 1, 2, and 3 correspond to implied prefixes of none ... prefix can have up to five operands. At most one of the operands can be a memory operand and at most ... allows the VEX prefix to be applied only to instructions using the Streaming SIMD Extensions SIMD XMM registers. However, the VEX coding scheme has space for applying the VEX prefix to other instructions as well in future instruction sets. Legacy SIMD instructions with a VEX prefix added are equivalent to the same instructions without VEX prefix with the following differences The VEX encoded instruction ... more details
Use dmy dates date February 2012 common metric prefixes A metric prefix or SI prefix is a unit prefix ... mathematics fraction of the unit. Each prefix has a unique symbol that is prepended to the unit symbol. The prefix kilo , for example, may be added to gram to indicate multiplication by one thousand one kilogram is equal to one thousand grams 1 km gaps 1 000 m . The prefix ... There are twenty prefixes officially specified by SI. SI prefixes Each prefix name has an associated ..., not the gram already contains a prefix. So milligram mg is used instead of microkilogram kg ... forms, any size prefix is considered part of the unit, and thus included in the exponentiation ... confusion, prefix symbols and prefixes are not used with the time related unit symbols names ... Celsius C . NIST http physics.nist.gov Pubs SP811 sec06.html states Prefix symbols may be used with the unit ... pronunciations for the prefix giga IPAc en and IPAc en d . According to the American ... Commission proposed giga as a prefix for 10 sup 9 sup , drawing on a verse by the humorous poet ... Technically speaking journal Spectrum page 16 publisher IEEE date April 1995 ref When an SI prefix is affixed to a root word, the prefix carries the stress linguistics stress , while the root drops its ... system have fallen into disuse and were not adopted into the SI. The prefix myria , ten ... technology field a series of binary prefix es is used with the information units the bit and byte ... etymology Order of magnitude Scientific notation Number prefix References FOLDOC Reflist External ... other units SI units navbox orders of magnitude wide DEFAULTSORT Si Prefix Category SI prefixes ... jv Ater ater SI ka lt SI sistemos prie d liai hu SI prefixum mk SI nl SI prefix ... Prefixo SI ro Prefix SI ru sq Parashtesat e Sistemit Nd rkomb tar sl Predpone SI sr fi Kansainv linen yksikk j rjestelm Kerrannaisyksik t sv SI prefix th uk ... more details
A unit prefix is a specifier or mnemonic that is prepended to units of measurement . Units of various order of magnitude sizes are commonly formed by the use of such prefix es. The metric prefixes prefixes of the metric system , such as kilo and milli , are well known examples. These represent multiplication by exponentiation powers of ten. In the information technology field it is common to use binary ... which official support have been dropped. Metric prefixes common metric prefixes main Metric prefix ... mathematics multiple or fraction mathematics fraction of the unit. Each prefix has a unique ... and byte prefixes main Binary prefix A binary prefix indicates multiplication by a power of two. The binary ... subclauses 3.8 and 3.9 of IEC 60027 IEC 60027 2 2005 Each binary prefix is formed from the first syllable of the decimal prefix with the similar value, and the syllable bi . The symbols are the decimal ... cite web url http www.numericana.com answer units.htm prefix title Current and Deprecated Prefixes ... Funny prefixes & dubious proposals updated yearly author Gerard P. Michon ref One unofficial prefix ... sup 15 sup bytes ref SI has already produced standard prefixes for 10 sup 15 sup Peta prefix peta , 10 ... word hella as the SI prefix for 10 sup 27 sup . ref name Telegraph 2 March 2010 cite news first Matthew ... The prefix, which has since appeared in the San Francisco Chronicle , The Daily Telegraph Daily ... Watch journal Wired date June 2010 volume 18 issue 6 id quote ...a proposed metric prefix...useful ... to Establish Hella as the SI Prefix for 1027 277479937276?v info title The Official Petition to Establish Hella as the SI Prefix for 10 27 accessdate 4 June 2010 publisher Facebook ref ref name Kim ... of the prefix hella for 10 sup 27 sup , a movement that began on the campus of UC Davis . ref cite ... paper with reference http www.vendeka.org Vendeka.org Home page for the use of the non SI prefix ... unit non SI nl Prefix niet behorend tot het SI ja SI pl Myria vi C c ti n t phi SI ... more details
, U n , V9, X n , YZ , Z4&ndash Z9, 4N . Indicates a prefix that has recently been returned to the ITU ... operators operating in a disputed territory or in a nation state that has no official prefix e.g. ... 9W Malaysia 9X Rwanda 9Y&ndash 9Z Trinidad and Tobago See also ITU prefix amateur and experimental ... date March 2011 DEFAULTSORT Itu Prefix Category Call signs Category Amateur radio call signs ast Llista de prefixos radiof nicos ca Prefix radiof nic de ITU Pr fix es Anexo Prefijos radiof nicos gl Prefixo radiof nico id Awalan ITU it Prefissi ITU ms Awalan ITU nl Prefix radio ja ... more details
Bit and byte prefixes In computing, a binary prefix is a specifier or mnemonic that is prepended to the Units ... unit or binary prefix. In most other contexts, the industry uses kilo , mega , giga , etc., in a manner ... to powers of 1024. According to these, the SI prefix es would only be used in the decimal sense ... prefix for Kilo kilo . The International System of Units does not define units for digital information ... binary prefix was born. ref group defn. name d.binpref Another style was to truncate the last 3 digits and append K, essentially using K as a decimal prefix ref group defn. name d.decpref similar ... binary prefix GB as it is used for RAM would display this as 279.4 GB meaning 279.4 ... types of devices increased, the SI prefix G, with SI meaning, was commonly applied to disk storage, while M in its binary meaning, became common for computer memory. In the 1990s, the prefix G, in its binary meaning, became commonly used for computer memory capacity. The first terabyte SI prefix ... 1030 quote kilo K . 1 A prefix indicating 1000. 2 In statements involving size of computer storage, a prefix indicating 2 sup 10 sup , or 1024. mega M . 1 A prefix indicating one million. 2 In statements involving size of computer storage, a prefix indicating 2 sup 20 sup , or 1048576. ref defined dual uses for kilo and mega. quote kilo K . it should be checked if they used k or K 1 A prefix indicating 1000. 2 In statements involving size of computer storage, a prefix indicating 2 sup 10 sup , or 1024. mega M . 1 A prefix indicating one million. 2 In statements involving size of computer storage, a prefix indicating 2 sup 20 sup , or 1048576. The binary units Kbyte and Mbyte were formally defined ... the SI prefixes as the base, from 2.4 for kilo to over 20 for the yotta prefix. Image Binaryvdecimal.svg ... style background ccf Prefix Bin Dec Dec Bin Percentage difference kilo kilo 1.024 0.9766 2.4 or 2.3 ... hard disk drive capacity in decimal digits with no prefix of any sort, for example, in the output ... more details
Number prefixes are prefix es derived from number s or Numeral linguistics numeral s. In English and other European languages, they are used to coin numerous series of words, such as unicycle bicycle tricycle, dyad triad decade, biped quadruped, September October November December, decimal hexadecimal, sexagenarian octogenarian, centipede millipede , etc. There are two principal systems, taken from Latin and Greek language Greek , each with several subsystems in addition, Sanskrit occupies a marginal position. There is also an international set of SI prefix es, which are used in the metric system , and which for the most part are either distorted from the forms below or not based on actual number words. Table of number prefixes in English In the following prefixes, a final vowel is normally dropped before a root that begins with a vowel, with the exceptions of bi , which is bis before a vowel, and of the other monosyllables, du , di , dvi , tri , which are invariable. The cardinal series are derived from cardinal number s, such as English one, two, three. The multiple series are based on adverbial numbers like English once, twice, thrice. The distributives originally meant one each, two each or one by one, two by two, etc., though that meaning is now frequently lost. The ordinal series is based on ordinal number s such as English first, second, third . For numbers higher than 2 ..., simple. ref singul prim hen ref name mono The Greek prefix for one is normally mono alone . Hen ... to units of measure in the SI system. See SI prefix . They occur as prefixes to units of computer ... comprising SI prefix es and binary prefixes are not hyphenated, by definition. Nonetheless, for clarity ... etymology for details. The root language of a numerical prefix need not be related to the root language ... prefixes derived from Greek, except for the prefix for 9 as mentioned and the prefixes from 1 to 4 meth ... Greek series pentane , hexane , heptane , octane , nonane , ref In organic chemistry, the prefix ... more details
Refimprove date January 2009 A ship prefix is a combination of letters, usually abbreviations, used in front of the name of a civilian or naval ship . Prefixes for civilian vessels may either identify the type of propulsion, such as SS for steamship , or purpose, such as RV for research vessel . Civilian prefixes are often used inconsistently, and frequently not at all. Sometimes a slash is used to separate the letters, as in M S . Naval prefixes came into use as abbreviations for longer titles, such as His Her Majesty s Ship in the Royal Navy , abbreviated H.M.S. and then HMS . Earlier uses often included the type of vessel, as for instance U.S.F. United States Frigate for frigate s of the United States Navy . Today the common practice is to use a single prefix for all warship s of a nation ... writers follow the practice of the navy and omit any prefix. From the 20th century onwards, most navies ... 120 Prefix align left Meaning AHT Anchor handling tug Anchor Handling Tug AHTS Anchor handling ... wikitable style font size 95 Country Service Prefix Meaning rowspan 2 ARG Argentine Navy ARA Navy of the Argentine ... Belgium Naval Ship NATO prefix BRU Royal Brunei Navy KDB Kapal Di Raja Brunei &mdash Royal Brunei ... &mdash no prefix some authors use DKM for Deutsche Kriegsmarine and KMS for Kriegsmarine Schiffe FRG ... His Her Majesty s Jamaican Ship flag Empire of Japan Imperial Japanese Navy &mdash no prefix some ... under RMAS prefix that are now operated under contract by Serco Denholm rowspan 11 Royal Navy ... of separate navies for the Dominions. In the Royal Netherlands Navy , HNLMS is the prefix ... the prefix. Citation needed date August 2010 In Australia, the prefix NUSHIP is used to denote ships ... typically has the prefix ex added to its name, to distinguish it from any active ships bearing ... be given the prefix Empire ship Empire to their name. This applied to ships acquired through purchase ... Ship Prefix Category Ship prefixes da Skibstypeforkortelse de Pr fixe von Schiffsnamen es Acr nimo naval ... more details
In chemistry , a cyclic compound is a chemical compound compound in which a series of atoms is connected to form a loop or ring. ref JerryMarch ref While the vast majority of cyclic compounds are organic, a few inorganic substances form cyclic compounds as well, including sulfur, silanes, phosphanes, phosphoric acid, and triboric acid. Cyclic compounds may or may not be Aromaticity aromatic . Benzene is a well known example. The term polycyclic is used when more than one ring is formed in a single molecule for instance in naphthalene , and the term macrocycle is used for a ring containing more than a dozen atoms. gallery Image cycloheptane sticks.png Cycloheptane , a non aromatic cyclic compound. Image Benzene bonds.svg Benzene , a cyclic compound. Image Naphthalene.png Naphthalene , a polycyclic compound. Image Porphyrin.svg Porphyrin , a macrocyclic compound. File Pentazole.png Pentazole , an inorganic cyclic compound. gallery Alicyclic compound are named according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature by attaching the prefix cyclo to the name of the corresponding open chain hydrocarbon possessing the same number of carbon atoms. The common names resemble the IUPAC names. For example Cyclo pantane, cyclo butane etc.... Ring closing & opening reactions Image Dieckmann Condensation Scheme.png right thumb Dieckmann ring closing reaction Related concepts in organic chemistry are so called ring closing reactions in which a cyclic compound is formed and ring opening reactions in which rings are opened. Examples of ring closing reactions Ring closing metathesis Nazarov cyclization reaction Ruzicka large ring synthesis Dieckmann condensation Wenker synthesis Radical cyclization Example of ring opening reactions A general type of polymerization reaction Ring opening polymerization Ring opening metathesis polymerisation See also open chain compound Ring expansion and ring contraction Macrocycle Effective molarity External links MeshName Polycyclic Compounds MeshName Macrocyclic ... more details
There are many terms in mathematics that begin with cyclicCyclic chain rule , for derivatives, used in thermodynamics Cyclic code , linear codes closed under cyclic permutations Cyclic convolution , a method of combining periodic functions Cycle decomposition graph theory Cycle decomposition group theory Cyclic extension , a field extension with cyclic Galois group Cycle graph or cyclic graph is a connected, 2 regular graph Cycle graph algebra , a diagram representing the cycles determined by taking powers of group elements Circulant graph , a graph whose adjacency matrix is circulant Cycle graph theory , a nontrivial path from a node to itself Cyclic group , a group generated by a single element Cyclic homology , an approximation of K theory used in non commutative differential geometry Cyclic module , a module generated by a single element Cyclic notation , a way of writing permutations Cyclic number , a number such that cyclic permutations of the digits are successive multiples of the number Cyclic order , a binary relation for doubly linked lists Cyclic permutation , a permutation with one nontrivial orbit Cyclic polygon , a polygon which can be given a circumscribed circle Cyclic shift , also known as circular shift Cyclic symmetry , n fold rotational symmetry of 3 dimensional space See also Cycle disambiguation Cycle mathematics Category Mathematics related lists sv Cyklisk matematik ... more details
Image Cyclic adenosine monophosphate 2D skeletal.png thumb Cyclic adenosine monophosphate Image CGMP.png thumb Cyclic guanosine monophosphate A cyclic nucleotide is any nucleotide in which the phosphate group is bonded to two of the sugar s hydroxyl groups, forming a cyclical or ring structure. These include cyclic AMP cyclic GMP cyclic ADP ribose These function as second messenger s associated with G protein s and calcium signaling . External links MeshName Nucleotides, Cyclic Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides Category Nucleotides Biochem stub bg et Ts klilised nukleotiidid nl Cyclisch nucleotide no Syklisk nukleotid sr Cikli ni nukleotid ... more details
In mathematics , more specifically in ring theory , a cyclic module is a module mathematics module over a ring which is generated by one element. The term is by analogy with cyclic group s, that is groups which are generated by one element. Definition A left R module M is called cyclic if M can be generated by a single element i.e. M x R x rx r &isin R for some x in M . Similarly, a right R module N is cyclic, if N y R for some y &isin N . Examples Every cyclic group is a cyclic Z module. Every simple module simple R module M is a cyclic module since the submodule generated by any nonzero element x of M is necessarily the whole module M . If the ring R is considered as a left module over itself, then its cyclic submodules are exactly its left principal ideal s as a ring. The same holds for R as a right R module, mutatis mutandis . If R is F x , the ring of polynomials over a field F , and V is an R module which is also a finite dimensional vector space over F, then the Jordan block s of x acting on V are cyclic submodules. The Jordan blocks are all isomorphic to F x x &lambda sup n sup there may also be other cyclic submodules with different annihilators see below. Properties Given a cyclic R module M which is generated by x then there exists a canonical isomorphism between M and R Ann sub R sub x , where Ann sub R sub x denotes the Annihilator ring theory annihilator of x in R . See also cyclic group finitely generated module References cite book author B. Hartley authorlink Brian Hartley coauthors T.O. Hawkes title Rings, modules and linear algebra publisher Chapman and Hall year 1970 isbn 0 412 09810 5 pages 77,152 Pages 147 149 of Lang Algebra edition 3 Category Module theory Abstract algebra stub sv Cyklisk modul fr Module monog ne ... more details
In homological algebra , cyclic homology and cyclic cohomology are co homology theories for associative algebra s introduced by Alain Connes around 1980, which play an important role in his noncommutative geometry . They were independently discovered by Boris Tsygan and studied by Connes, Karoubi, Feigin Tsygan, Loday, Quillen , and others. Hints about definition The first definition of the cyclic ... to cyclic homology using a notion of cyclic object in an abelian category , which is analogous to the notion of simplicial object . In this way, cyclic homology and cohomology may be interpreted ... of the striking features of cyclic homology is the existence of a long exact sequence connecting Hochschild and cyclic homology. This long exact sequence is referred to as the periodicity sequence. Case of commutative rings Cyclic cohomology of the commutative algebra A of regular functions on an affine ..., cyclic cohomology of A are expressed in terms of the de Rham cohomology of V as follows math ... was extensively developed by Connes. Variants of cyclic homology One motivation of cyclic homology ... complex . Cyclic cohomology is in fact endowed with a pairing with K theory , and one hopes ... than on algebras without additional structure. Since, on the other hand, cyclic homology degenerates on C algebras, there came up the need to define modified theories. Among them are entire cyclic homology due to Alain Connes , analytic cyclic homology due to Ralf Meyer or asymptotic and local cyclic homology due to Michael Puschnigg. The last one is very near to K theory as it is endowed with a bivariant Chern character from KK theory . Applications One of the applications of cyclic homology ... geometry . Inst. Hautes tudes Sci. Publ. Math. No. 62 1985 , 257 360. Jean Louis Loday, Cyclic ... 0 External links http mathsci.kaist.ac.kr jinhyun note cyclic cyclic.pdf A personal note on Hochschild and Cyclic homology DEFAULTSORT Cyclic Homology Category Homological algebra fr Cohomologie cyclique ... more details
concept cyclic number group theory summary in Repeating decimal Merge from Transposable integer discuss Talk Cyclic number Cyclic permutation of integer date September 2009 A cyclic number is an integer in which cyclic permutation s of the digits are successive multiples of the number. The most ... 142857 × 4 571428 142857 × 5 714285 142857 × 6 857142 Details To qualify as a cyclic number, it is required that successive multiples be cyclic permutations. Thus, the number 076923 would not be considered a cyclic number, even though all cyclic permutations are multiples 076923 ... 5 repeated digits, e.g. 555 repeated cyclic numbers, e.g. 142857142857 If leading zeros are not permitted on numerals, then 142857 is the only cyclic number in decimal Citation needed date May 2011 . Allowing leading zeros, the sequence of cyclic numbers begins 142857 6 digits 0588235294117647 ... digits Relation to repeating decimals Cyclic numbers are related to the Repeating decimal recurring digital representations of unit fractions . A cyclic number of length L is the digital representation ... represent a cyclic number. For example 1 7 0.142857 142857 . Multiples of these fractions exhibit cyclic permutation 1 7 0.142857 142857 2 7 0.285714 285714 3 7 0.428571 428571 4 7 0.571428 571428 5 7 0.714285 714285 6 7 0.857142 857142 . Form of cyclic numbers From the relation to unit fractions, it can be shown that cyclic numbers are of the form math frac b p 1 1 p math where b is the Radix ... that give cyclic numbers are called full reptend prime s or long primes . For example, the case b 10, p 7 gives the cyclic number 142857. Not all values of p will yield a cyclic number using this formula ... possibly several . The first values of p for which this formula produces cyclic numbers in decimal ... contains 37.395.. of the primes. Construction of cyclic numbers Cyclic numbers can be constructed ... the loop. if t p &minus 1 then n is a cyclic number. This procedure works by computing the digits ... more details
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