Image Cyclic quadrilateral.svg thumb right Cyclic quadrilaterals. In Euclidean geometry , a cyclicquadrilateral ... that cannot be cyclic is a non square rhombus . The section Cyclicquadrilateral Characterizations ... angles. A bicentric quadrilateral is a cyclicquadrilateral that is also tangential quadrilateral ... is a cyclicquadrilateral that is also Ex tangential quadrilateral ex tangential . Characterizations A convex quadrilateral is cyclic if and only if the four perpendicular bisectors to the sides are concurrent ... and sufficient condition for a convex quadrilateral ABCD to be cyclic is that an angle between ... is that a convex quadrilateral ABCD is cyclic if and only if ref citation last Hajja ... math tan frac A 2 tan frac C 2 tan frac B 2 tan frac D 2 . math Area The area K of a cyclicquadrilateral ... quadrilateral becomes a triangle and the formula is reduced to Heron s formula . The cyclic ... d . The area of a cyclicquadrilateral with successive sides a , b , c , d and angle B between sides ... the product of the lengths of the two diagonal s p and q of a cyclicquadrilateral as equal to the sum ... quadrilateral, then it is a cyclicquadrilateral. Thus Ptolemy s theorem is another characterization of cyclic quadrilaterals. In any convex quadrilateral, the two diagonals together partition the quadrilateral into four triangles in a cyclicquadrilateral, opposite pairs of these four triangles are Similarity geometry similar to each other. Ptolemy s second theorem states that a cyclicquadrilateral ... pages 147 149 title On the diagonals of a cyclicquadrilateral url http forumgeom.fau.edu FG2007volume7 ..., which can be proved using the AM GM inequality . If the diagonals of a cyclicquadrilateral ABCD intersect ... chords theorem . Angle formulas For a cyclicquadrilateral with successive sides a , b , c , d , semiperimeter ... Dover year 2003 . ref rp p.31 Parameshvara s formula A cyclicquadrilateral with successive sides ... given by ref name Alsina2 ref citation last Hoehn first Larry title Circumradius of a cyclicquadrilateral ... more details
quadrilateral is tangential if and only if opposite sides have equal sums. Cyclicquadrilateral the four vertices lie on a circumscribed circle . A convex quadrilateral is cyclic if and only if opposite angles sum to 180 . Bicentric quadrilateral it is both tangential and cyclic. Orthodiagonal ... to Brahmagupta s formula for the area of a cyclicquadrilateral when A C 180 . Another area formula ..., this reduces to Brahmagupta s formula in the cyclicquadrilateral case, since then pq ac bd . The area ... satisfy math K le sqrt s a s b s c s d math with equality if and only if the quadrilateral is cyclicquadrilateralcyclic or degenerate such that one side is equal to the sum of the other three ...., Two conditions for a quadrilateral to be cyclic expressed in terms of the lengths of its sides ... generalized Ptolemy s theorem , which is an equality in a cyclicquadrilateral , into an inequality ... if the quadrilateral is cyclic. ref name Altshiller Court ref rp p.128 129 This is often called Ptolemy ... of cosines for a quadrilateral. In a cyclicquadrilateral , where A C 180 , it reduces to pq ac bd .... The quadrilateral with given side lengths that has the Maxima and minima maximum area is the cyclic ... Bisection Angle bisector angle bisectors of a convex quadrilateral either form a cyclicquadrilateral ..., there is a cyclicquadrilateral with the same edge lengths. ref name Peter Thomas Peter, Maximizing ... Complete quadrangle Cyclicquadrilateral Equidiagonal quadrilateral Ex tangential quadrilateral ...About four sided mathematical shapes Infobox Polygon name Quadrilateral image Six Quadrilaterals.svg ... Area of a convex quadrilateral see below angle 90 for square In Euclidean geometry Euclidean plane geometry , a quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides or edges and four vertices or corners. Sometimes ... with pentagon 5 sided , hexagon 6 sided and so on. The word quadrilateral is made of the words quad meaning four and lateral meaning of sides . The origin of the word quadrilateral is from the two Latin ... more details
s. Other, rarely used, names for this class of quadrilaterals are inscriptable quadrilateral , inscriptible quadrilateral , inscribable quadrilateral , and co cyclicquadrilateral . ref name Josefsson2 ..., November 2010, 502 505. ref Due to the risk of confusion with a quadrilateral that has a circumcircle, which is called a cyclicquadrilateral or inscribed quadrilateral, it is preferable not to use ... is both tangential and cyclicquadrilateralcyclic , it is called a bicentric quadrilateral . Characterizations ... form a cyclicquadrilateralcyclic orthodiagonal quadrilateral . ref name Josefsson2 rp p.74 ... s are the vertices of a cyclicquadrilateral . ref name Josefsson2 rp p. 73 A characterization ... is also cyclicquadrilateralcyclic and hence a bicentric quadrilateral . Then math K sqrt abcd ... maximum when the quadrilateral is also cyclicquadrilateralcyclic and hence a bicentric quadrilateral ... Forum Geometricorum pages 103 106 title A condition for a circumscriptible quadrilateral to be cyclic ... quadrilateral is also cyclicquadrilateralcyclic and hence bicentric quadrilateral bicentric ... is cyclic and bicentric if and only if the contact quadrilateral is orthodiagonal quadrilateral ...Image Tangential quadrilateral.svg thumb An example of a tangential quadrilateral In Euclidean geometry , a tangential quadrilateral sometimes just tangent quadrilateral or circumscribed quadrilateral is a convex polygon convex quadrilateral whose sides are all tangent to a single circle within the quadrilateral. This circle is called the Incircle and excircles of a triangle incircle of the quadrilateral ... do. An example of a quadrilateral that cannot be tangential is a non square rectangle . The section Tangential quadrilateral Characterizations characterizations below states what necessary and sufficient condition s a quadrilateral must satisfy to have an incircle. Special cases Examples of tangential ... are exactly the tangential quadrilaterals that are also orthodiagonal quadrilateral orthodiagonal ... more details
of the diagonal intersection onto the sides of the quadrilateral are the vertices of a cyclic ... quadrilateralcyclic orthodiagonal quadrilateral one that can be inscribed in a circle , suppose the intersection ... quadrilateral in terms of the four sides is obtained directly when combining Cyclicquadrilateral ... quadrilateral . The result is math K tfrac 1 2 ac bd . math Other properties In a cyclic orthodiagonal quadrilateral, the Cyclicquadrilateral Other properties anticenter coincides with the point ... Bicentric quadrilateral Brahmagupta s theorem Cyclicquadrilateral Equidiagonal quadrilateral Ex tangential ...File Orthodiagonal quadrilateral.svg thumb 240px An orthodiagonal quadrilateral. According to the characterization of these quadrilaterals, the two red squares on two opposite sides of the quadrilateral ... geometry , an orthodiagonal quadrilateral is a quadrilateral in which the diagonal s cross at right ... quadrilateral in which one diagonal is a line of symmetry. The kites are exactly the orthodiagonal ... are the tangential quadrilateral tangential orthodiagonal quadrilaterals. ref citation last Josefsson ... lengths and tangency chords of a tangential quadrilateral url http forumgeom.fau.edu FG2010volume10 FG201013.pdf volume 10 year 2010 . ref A rhombus is an orthodiagonal quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides that is, an orthodiagonal quadrilateral that is also a parallelogram . A square geometry ... quadrilateral, the sum of the squares of two opposite sides equals that of the other two opposite sides ... first W. title The area of a quadrilateral journal Mathematical Gazette volume 93 year 2009 pages ... distances from the quadrilateral s vertices to the point where the diagonals intersect. Conversely, any quadrilateral in which a sup 2 sup c sup 2 sup b sup 2 sup d sup 2 sup must be orthodiagonal ... FG201202.pdf volume 12 year 2012 . ref The diagonals of a convex quadrilateral are perpendicular if and only if the two Quadrilateral Special line segments bimedians have equal length. ref ... more details
quadrilateral is also cyclicquadrilateralcyclic . Area The area K of a bicentric quadrilateral ... quadrilateral with inradius r to be cyclicquadrilateralcyclic . The circumradius R is given as a special ...File Bicentric quadrilateral.png thumb A bicentric quadrilateral ABCD File Bicentric kite 001.svg thumb right A right kite geometry kite File Bicentric quadrilateral 2.png thumb A bicentric quadrilateral ABCD and its contact quadrilateral WXYZ In Euclidean geometry , a bicentric quadrilateral is a convex polygon convex quadrilateral that has both an incircle and a circumcircle . This means they have all the properties of both tangential quadrilateral s and cyclicquadrilateral s. Other names are chord tangent quadrilateral ref name Dorrie D rrie, Heinrich, 100 Great Problems of Elementary Mathematics ... quadrilateral . It has also been called a double circle quadrilateral . ref name yun Special ... . Characterizations A convex quadrilateral ABCD with sides a , b , c , d is bicentric if and only ... where the incircle in a tangential quadrilateral is tangent to the sides. If the incircle is tangent to the sides AB , BC , CD , DA at W , X , Y , Z respectively, then a tangential quadrilateral ABCD is also cyclic if and only if any of ref name Josefsson citation last Josefsson first Martin journal ... quadrilateral WXYZ is an orthodiagonal quadrilateral . If E , F , G , H are the midpoints of WX , XY , YZ , ZW respectively, then the tangential quadrilateral ABCD is also cyclic if and only if the quadrilateral EFGH is a rectangle . ref name Josefsson According to another characterization, if I is the incenter in a tangential quadrilateral where the extensions of opposite sides intersect at J and K , then the quadrilateral is also cyclic if and only if JIK is a right angle . ref name Josefsson Yet another necessary and sufficient condition is that a tangential quadrilateral ABCD is cyclic if and only if its Newton line is perpendicular to the Newton line of its contact quadrilateral ... more details
Wiktionarypar quadrilateral The word quadrilateral can refer to Quadrilateral , in geometry, a polygon with 4 sides Complete quadrilateral , in projective geometry, a configuration with 4 lines and 6 points Chicago Lambeth Quadrilateral , a four point statement of fundamental doctrine, in the Anglican Communion Wesleyan Quadrilateral , the four sources of doctrine in the Methodist Church In history and geography Quadrilatero , in the Revolutions of 1848, in the Italian states an area within the group of fortresses at Mantua, Verona, Peschiera and Legnago In the Battle of the Somme in World War I, the Quadrilateral was a German redoubt near Ginchy Southern Dobruja , which has passed from Bulgaria to Romania in 1913, and back to Bulgaria in World War II Golden Quadrilateral , a network of highways in India Golden Quadrilateral Indian Railways Quadrilateral Security Dialogue , a strategic alliance of the United States, Japan, Australia and India within Asia. See also Quadriliteral disambig pl Czworobok lmo Quadril ter ... more details
Image Lambert quadrilateral.svg thumb right A Lambert quadrilateral In geometry , a Lambert quadrilateral , ref the alternate name Ibn al Haytham&ndash Lambert quadrilateral , has been suggested in Boris Abramovich Rozenfel d 1988 , A History of Non Euclidean Geometry Evolution of the Concept of a Geometric Space , p. 65. Springer, ISBN 0387964584, in honor of Ibn al Haytham ref named after Johann Heinrich Lambert , is a quadrilateral three of whose angles are right angles. Historically, the fourth angle of a Lambert quadrilateral was of considerable interest since if it could be shown to be a right angle, then the Euclidean parallel postulate could be proved as a theorem. It is now known that the type of the fourth angle depends upon the geometry in which the quadrilateral lives. In hyperbolic geometry the fourth angle is Acute angle acute , in Euclidean geometry it is a right angle and in elliptic geometry it is an obtuse angle . A Lambert quadrilateral can be constructed from a Saccheri quadrilateral by joining the midpoints of the base and summit of the Saccheri quadrilateral. This line segment is perpendicular to both the base and summit and so either half of the Saccheri quadrilateral is a Lambert quadrilateral. See also Saccheri quadrilateral Non Euclidean geometry Hyperbolic geometry Elliptic geometry Notes Reflist References George E. Martin, The Foundations of Geometry and the Non Euclidean Plane , Springer Verlag, 1975 M. J. Greenberg, Euclidean and Non Euclidean Geometries Development and History , 4th edition, W. H. Freeman, 2008. Category Hyperbolic geometry geometry stub ar ru ... more details
File Equidiagonal quadrilateral.svg thumb 300px An equidiagonal quadrilateral, showing its equal diagonals, Varignon rhombus, and perpendicular bimedians In euclidean geometry , an equidiagonal quadrilateral is a convex polygon convex quadrilateral whose two diagonal s have equal length. Equidiagonal quadrilaterals were important in ancient Indian mathematics , where quadrilaterals were classified first according to whether they were equidiagonal and then into more specialized types. ref citation last Colebrooke first Henry Thomas authorlink Henry Thomas Colebrooke page 58 publisher John Murray title Algebra, with arithmetic and mensuration, from the Sanscrit of Brahmegupta and Bhascara url http books.google.com books?id ebZIAAAAcAAJ&pg PA58 year 1817 . ref Examples Examples of equidiagonal ... 1975 pages 165 175 doi 10.2307 3617699 . ref Characterizations A convex quadrilateral is equidiagonal ..., is a rhombus . An equivalent condition is that the Quadrilateral Special line segments bimedian s of the quadrilateral are perpendicular . ref name adventures Area The area K of an equidiagonal quadrilateral can easily be calculated if the length of the Quadrilateral Special line segments bimedian ... of a convex quadrilateral is twice the area of its Varignon parallelogram and that the diagonals in this parallelogram are the bimedians of the quadrilateral. Using the formulas for the Quadrilateral ... a, b, c, d of the equidiagonal quadrilateral and the distance x between the midpoint s of the diagonals ... from setting p q in the formulas for the Quadrilateral Area of a convex quadrilateral area of a convex quadrilateral . Relation to other types of quadrilaterals A parallelogram is equidiagonal if and only ... quadrilateral s a quadrilateral is equidiagonal if and only if its Varignon parallelogram is orthodiagonal a rhombus , and the quadrilateral is orthodiagonal if and only if its Varignon parallelogram ... Geometry url http books.google.com books?id R7uCEqwsN40C&pg PA58 year 2009 . ref Equivalently, a quadrilateral ... more details
Image Saccheri quads.svg thumb right Saccheri quadrilaterals A Saccheri quadrilateral is a quadrilateral with two equal sides perpendicular to the base. It is named after Giovanni Gerolamo Saccheri , who used it extensively in his book Euclides ab omni naevo vindicatus literally Euclid Freed of Every Flaw first published in 1733 , an attempt to prove the parallel postulate using the method Reductio ad absurdum . The first known consideration of the Saccheri quadrilateral was by Omar Khayyam in the late 11th century, and it may occasionally be referred to as the Khayyam Saccheri quadrilateral. ref name Rozenfeld For a Saccheri quadrilateral ABCD, the sides AD and BC also called legs are equal in length and perpendicular to the base AB. The top CD is called the summit or upper base and the angles at C and D are called the summit angles. The advantage of using Saccheri quardrilaterals when considering the parallel postulate is that they place the mutually exclusive options in very clear terms Are the summit angles right angles, obtuse angles, or acute angles? As it turns out, when the summit angles are right angles, this quadrilateral is equivalent to the statement expounded by Euclid s fifth postulate. When they are acute, this quadrilateral leads to hyperbolic geometry , and when they are obtuse, the quadrilateral leads to elliptical geometry . Saccheri himself, however, thought that both the obtuse and acute cases could be shown to be contradictory. History Saccheri quadrilaterals ..., and acute that the summit angles of a Saccheri quadrilateral can take and after proving a number ... made an advance on Khayyam in his book Euclide restituo 1680, 1686 , when he used the quadrilateral ... proof of the parallel postulate around the quadrilateral and its three cases, proving many theorems ... , the summit math s math of a Saccheri quadrilateral can be calculated from the leg math l math ... quadrilateral Notes reflist References George E. Martin, The Foundations of Geometry and the Non ... more details
Use mdy dates date August 2010 Infobox road country IND name Golden Quadrilateral map Golden Quadrilateral.svg map notes Highway map of India with the Golden Quadrilateral highlighted in solid blue color ... Highway 5 India NH 5 File HIghway Chennai Bangalore.jpg right thumb 250px A section of the Golden Quadrilateral ... section of India s 4 lane Golden Quadrilateral highway File NH5 highway scenic drive India.jpg thumb ... thumb NH76 Delhi Mumbai section of India s GQ highway The Golden Quadrilateral is a highway network ... , Mumbai , Chennai and Kolkata , thus forming a quadrilateral of sorts. Four other top ten metropolises ... lane GQ highway network as complete. ref cite web title Govt declares Golden Quadrilateral complete ... Golden Quadrilateral complete 896873 ref ref name nhai progress cite web url http www.nhai.org gqmain ... and cultural centers of India. The vast majority of the Golden Quadrilateral GQ is not Limited ... signs are in use. India s government had initially estimated that the Golden Quadrilateral ... . ref cite web title Contractors take the sheen off Golden Quadrilateral publisher The Financial Express ... quadrilateral 826471 0 ref In September 2009, it was announced that the existing four laned highways ... http www.financialexpress.com fe full story.php?content id 100459 title Golden Quadrilateral still ... development activity in the GQ project. The fastest team to circumnavigate the entire Golden Quadrilateral .... Route Only National Highway India National Highways are used in the Golden Quadrilateral. The four ... , National Highway 5 India NH 5 Balasore Chennai Important cities connected by Golden Quadrilateral ... http www.indianexpress.com news Govt declares Golden Quadrilateral complete 896873 Govt. of India declares Golden Quadrilateral complete Jan 7th 2012 http www.nhai.org goldenquadrilateral.asp NHAI Current status The length of Golden Quadrilateral in each State The completed Golden Quadrilateral ... Highways Development Project North South and East West Corridor Transport in India Golden Quadrilateral ... more details
Primarysources article date January 2009 The Wesleyan Quadrilateral is a methodology for Christian theology theological reflection that is credited to John Wesley , leader of the Methodism Methodist movement in the late 18th Century. The term itself was coined by 20th century United Methodist Church American Methodist Albert C. Outler in his introduction to the 1964 collection John Wesley ISBN 0 19 502810 4 . ref cite book title John Wesley last Wesley first John editor1 first Albert C. editor1 last Outler editor1 link Albert C. Outler year 1964 publisher Oxford University Press location Oxford, England , U.K. isbn 0 19 502810 4 oclc page iv ref ref cite book first W. Stephen last Gunter coauthors Ted A. Campbell, Scott J. Jones, Rebekah L. Miles and Randy L. Maddox title Wesley and the quadrilateral renewing the conversation publisher Abingdon Press location Nashville, Tennessee year 1997 ... site wesleyjournal 1985 wtj 20 1.pdf title The Wesleyan Quadrilateral in John Wesley editor Jason ... 0 687 02373 4 oclc 58046917 ref Wesley saw the Quadrilateral not merely as prescriptive of how one ... observer of human behavior, and a pragmatist, Wesley s approach to the Quadrilateral was most ... out is the best and most viable test of our theology. Each of the legs of the Wesleyan Quadrilateral ... jf05Quadrilateral.htm title Rethinking the Wesleyan Quadrilateral month January February year ... world. Wesley s Quadrilateral is referred to in Methodism as our theological guidelines and is taught ... Thorsen title The Wesleyan quadrilateral scripture, tradition, reason & experience as a model of evangelical ..., Rebekah L. Miles and Randy L. Maddox title Wesley and the quadrilateral renewing the conversation ... 1985 wtj 20 1.pdf title The Wesleyan Quadrilateral in the American Holiness Tradition editor ... Quadrilateral journal The Arminian volume 14 issue 2 accessdate 2009 01 25 cite journal first Elaine ... title Our Formative Foursome The Wesleyan Quadrilateral and Postmodern Discipleship journal ... more details
The Red Quadrilateral in Romanian Patrulaterul ro u was a term used by the media to describe the political alliance that supported the Romanian government between the 1992 and 1996 legislative elections. The Quadrilateral , informal at first, consisted of the Social Democratic Party Romania Democratic National Salvation Front FDSN, a major party, led by Adrian N stase , which had supported Ion Iliescu s bid for presidency , the nationalist Romanian National Unity Party PUNR of Gheorghe Funar and the Greater Romania Party at that time national communist of Corneliu Vadim Tudor , and the neo communist Socialist Party of Labour of Communist Romania Ceau escu era Prime Minister Ilie Verde . As Parliament support for the FDSN renamed Party of the Social Democracy in Romania or PDSR in 1993 government was dwindling, the alliance was made official in January 1995. Only the PDSR and the PUNR were awarded government portfolios, the other two only receiving lower level positions in the government. ref http books.google.com books?id JrWr2xnZPCkC&pg PA75&lpg PA75&dq Partidul Socialist al Muncii romania socialist&source bl&ots MCObWLSulb&sig mRfZwpUdLxgxksxvDDEAYruXdGw&hl en&ei x0poSq2PGMjdsgbh PCFBw&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 8 ref The coalition supported President Ion Iliescu and Prime Minister Nicolae V c roiu . See also V c roiu I Cabinet . During the last year, Vadim s party officially left the coalition but continued to support it in the Parliament. Funar s and Verde parties did not pass the threshold in 1996, while the other two parties joined the opposition. Notes reflist Category Political history of Romania Category Defunct political parties in Romania ro Patrulaterul ro u ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The Quadrilateral group or the Quad is an informal group which includes the trade minister s of the European Commission , the United States , Japan and Canada . It was first suggested during a private meeting during the 7th G7 summit in July 1981. Initially, a trilateral group was proposed excluding Canada because of tensions between the two North American countries at the time but eventually, the Canadian government successfully lobbied to be included. ref name cohn cite book last Cohn first Theodore H. title Governing Global Trade International institutions in conflict and convergence publisher Ashgate Publishing Limited location Hampshire, England year 2002 isbn 0754615936 ref The European Commission has avoided formalizing the group because of resistance from certain European Union members, particularly France , who resent their lack of direct involvement. ref name cohn Quadrilateral Meetings of Trade Ministers class wikitable Location Dates ref name cohn Key Biscayne, Florida , USA 15 16 January 1982 Chateau d Esclimont , France 12 13 May 1982 Tokyo , Japan 11 February 1983 Brussels , Belgium 29 April 1983 London , UK 16 17 July 1983 Ottawa, Ontario , Canada 26 27 September 1983 Islamorada, Florida , USA 2 4 February 1984 Erbach Im Reingau , Germany 28 30 June 1984 Kyoto , Japan 9 11 February 1985 Oba, Ontario , Canada 11 14 July 1985 San Diego, California , USA 16 19 January 1986 Sinta , Portugal 4 7 September 1986 Kashikojima , Japan 24 26 April 1987 Quadra Island, British Columbia , Canada 15 17 April 1988 Brainerd, Minnesota , USA 22 24 June 1988 The Hague , Netherlands 2 4 June 1989 Hakonemachi , Japan 12 14 November 1989 Napa, California , USA 2 4 May 1990 St. John s, Newfoundland , Canada 11 13 October 1990 Angers , France 12 14 September 1991 Fukushima, Fukushima Fukushima , Japan 24 26 April 1992 Cambridge, Ontario , Canada 16 18 October 1992 Toronto, Ontario , Canada 12 14 May 1993 Tokyo, Japan 23 24 June 1993 Los Angeles, California ... more details
There are many terms in mathematics that begin with cyclicCyclic chain rule , for derivatives, used in thermodynamics Cyclic code , linear codes closed under cyclic permutations Cyclic convolution , a method of combining periodic functions Cycle decomposition graph theory Cycle decomposition group theory Cyclic extension , a field extension with cyclic Galois group Cycle graph or cyclic graph is a connected, 2 regular graph Cycle graph algebra , a diagram representing the cycles determined by taking powers of group elements Circulant graph , a graph whose adjacency matrix is circulant Cycle graph theory , a nontrivial path from a node to itself Cyclic group , a group generated by a single element Cyclic homology , an approximation of K theory used in non commutative differential geometry Cyclic module , a module generated by a single element Cyclic notation , a way of writing permutations Cyclic number , a number such that cyclic permutations of the digits are successive multiples of the number Cyclic order , a binary relation for doubly linked lists Cyclic permutation , a permutation with one nontrivial orbit Cyclic polygon , a polygon which can be given a circumscribed circle Cyclic shift , also known as circular shift Cyclic symmetry , n fold rotational symmetry of 3 dimensional space See also Cycle disambiguation Cycle mathematics Category Mathematics related lists sv Cyklisk matematik ... more details
Image Cyclic adenosine monophosphate 2D skeletal.png thumb Cyclic adenosine monophosphate Image CGMP.png thumb Cyclic guanosine monophosphate A cyclic nucleotide is any nucleotide in which the phosphate group is bonded to two of the sugar s hydroxyl groups, forming a cyclical or ring structure. These include cyclic AMP cyclic GMP cyclic ADP ribose These function as second messenger s associated with G protein s and calcium signaling . External links MeshName Nucleotides, Cyclic Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides Category Nucleotides Biochem stub bg et Ts klilised nukleotiidid nl Cyclisch nucleotide no Syklisk nukleotid sr Cikli ni nukleotid ... more details
also Bicentric quadrilateralCyclicquadrilateral Kite geometry Orthodiagonal quadrilateral Rhombus Tangential quadrilateral Complete quadrangle References reflist Category Quadrilaterals Category Polygons ...File Ex tangential quadrilateral.png thumb An ex tangential quadrilateral ABCD In Euclidean geometry , an ex tangential quadrilateral is a convex quadrilateral where the extensions of all four sides are tangent to a circle outside the quadrilateral. ref name Radic Radic, Mirko Kaliman, Zoran and Kadum, Vladimir, A condition that a tangential quadrilateral is also a chordal one , Mathematical Communications , 12 2007 pp. 33 52. ref It has also been called an exscriptible quadrilateral . ref Bogomolny, Alexander, Inscriptible and Exscriptible Quadrilaterals , Interactive Mathematics Miscellany and Puzzles , http www.cut the knot.org Curriculum Geometry Pitot.shtml . Accessed 2011 08 18. ref The circle ... tangential quadrilateral is closely related to the tangential quadrilateral where the four sides are tangent .... Characterizations A convex quadrilateral with sides a, b, c, d is ex tangential if and only if the sum ... to the Pitot theorem for tangential quadrilateral s, where the sums of opposite sides are equal for the two pairs of opposite sides. Urquhart s theorem If opposite sides in a convex quadrilateral ... and sufficient condition for a quadrilateral to be ex tangential. Area An ex tangential quadrilateral ... Note that this is the same formula as the one for the area of a tangential quadrilateral and it is also derived from Bretschneider s formula in the same way. Ex bicentric quadrilateral If an ex tangential quadrilateral also has a circumcircle , it is called an ex bicentric quadrilateral . ref name Radic ... sqrt abcd math which is the same as for a bicentric quadrilateral . If x is the distance between the circumcenter ... as Bicentric quadrilateral Fuss theorem and Carlitz identity Fuss theorem for a bicentric quadrilateral ... bicentric quadrilateral compared to the bicentric. Hence, for the ex bicentric we have ref name Radic ... more details
In mathematics , more specifically in ring theory , a cyclic module is a module mathematics module over a ring which is generated by one element. The term is by analogy with cyclic group s, that is groups which are generated by one element. Definition A left R module M is called cyclic if M can be generated by a single element i.e. M x R x rx r &isin R for some x in M . Similarly, a right R module N is cyclic, if N y R for some y &isin N . Examples Every cyclic group is a cyclic Z module. Every simple module simple R module M is a cyclic module since the submodule generated by any nonzero element x of M is necessarily the whole module M . If the ring R is considered as a left module over itself, then its cyclic submodules are exactly its left principal ideal s as a ring. The same holds for R as a right R module, mutatis mutandis . If R is F x , the ring of polynomials over a field F , and V is an R module which is also a finite dimensional vector space over F, then the Jordan block s of x acting on V are cyclic submodules. The Jordan blocks are all isomorphic to F x x &lambda sup n sup there may also be other cyclic submodules with different annihilators see below. Properties Given a cyclic R module M which is generated by x then there exists a canonical isomorphism between M and R Ann sub R sub x , where Ann sub R sub x denotes the Annihilator ring theory annihilator of x in R . See also cyclic group finitely generated module References cite book author B. Hartley authorlink Brian Hartley coauthors T.O. Hawkes title Rings, modules and linear algebra publisher Chapman and Hall year 1970 isbn 0 412 09810 5 pages 77,152 Pages 147 149 of Lang Algebra edition 3 Category Module theory Abstract algebra stub sv Cyklisk modul fr Module monog ne ... more details
concept cyclic number group theory summary in Repeating decimal Merge from Transposable integer discuss Talk Cyclic number Cyclic permutation of integer date September 2009 A cyclic number is an integer in which cyclic permutation s of the digits are successive multiples of the number. The most ... 142857 × 4 571428 142857 × 5 714285 142857 × 6 857142 Details To qualify as a cyclic number, it is required that successive multiples be cyclic permutations. Thus, the number 076923 would not be considered a cyclic number, even though all cyclic permutations are multiples 076923 ... 5 repeated digits, e.g. 555 repeated cyclic numbers, e.g. 142857142857 If leading zeros are not permitted on numerals, then 142857 is the only cyclic number in decimal Citation needed date May 2011 . Allowing leading zeros, the sequence of cyclic numbers begins 142857 6 digits 0588235294117647 ... digits Relation to repeating decimals Cyclic numbers are related to the Repeating decimal recurring digital representations of unit fractions . A cyclic number of length L is the digital representation ... represent a cyclic number. For example 1 7 0.142857 142857 . Multiples of these fractions exhibit cyclic permutation 1 7 0.142857 142857 2 7 0.285714 285714 3 7 0.428571 428571 4 7 0.571428 571428 5 7 0.714285 714285 6 7 0.857142 857142 . Form of cyclic numbers From the relation to unit fractions, it can be shown that cyclic numbers are of the form math frac b p 1 1 p math where b is the Radix ... that give cyclic numbers are called full reptend prime s or long primes . For example, the case b 10, p 7 gives the cyclic number 142857. Not all values of p will yield a cyclic number using this formula ... possibly several . The first values of p for which this formula produces cyclic numbers in decimal ... contains 37.395.. of the primes. Construction of cyclic numbers Cyclic numbers can be constructed ... the loop. if t p &minus 1 then n is a cyclic number. This procedure works by computing the digits ... more details
In noncommutative geometry and related branches of mathematics, cyclic homology and cyclic cohomology ..., Michael Puschnigg, and many others. Hints about definition The first definition of the cyclic homology ... to cyclic homology using a notion of cyclic object in an abelian category , which is analogous to the notion of simplicial object . In this way, cyclic homology and cohomology may be interpreted ... features of cyclic homology is the existence of a long exact sequence connecting Hochschild and cyclic homology. This long exact sequence is referred to as the periodicity sequence. Case of commutative rings Cyclic cohomology of the commutative algebra A of regular functions on an affine ..., if the variety V Spec A is smooth, cyclic cohomology of A are expressed in terms of the de ... of a noncommutative algebra A , which was extensively developed by Connes. Variants of cyclic homology One motivation of cyclic homology was the need for an approximation of K theory that be defined, unlike K theory, as the homology of a chain complex . Cyclic cohomology is in fact endowed with a pairing ... hand, cyclic homology degenerates on C algebras, there came up the need to define modified theories. Among them are entire cyclic homology due to Alain Connes , analytic cyclic homology due to Ralf Meyer ref Ralf Meyer. Analytic cyclic cohomology. PhD thesis, Universit t M nster, 1999 ref or asymptotic and local cyclic homology due to Michael Puschnigg ref Michael Puschnigg. Diffeotopy functors of ind algebras and local cyclic cohomology. Doc. Math., 8 143 245 electronic , 2003. ref ... . Applications One of the applications of cyclic homology is to find new proofs and generalizations ... Homology Homology theory References references Jean Louis Loday, Cyclic Homology , Grundlehren ... mathsci.kaist.ac.kr jinhyun note cyclic cyclic.pdf A personal note on Hochschild and Cyclic homology DEFAULTSORT Cyclic Homology Category Homological algebra fr Cohomologie cyclique it Omologia ciclica ... more details
. The processes by which cyclic peptides are formed in cells are not yet fully understood. One interesting property of cyclic peptides, however, is that they tend to be extremely resistant to the process ... makes cyclic peptides attractive to designers of protein based drugs that may be used as scaffolds ... science.1125248 pmid 16543448 External links http www.cybase.org.au Cybase MeshName Cyclic Peptides ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2011 A cyclic permutation or circular permutation is a permutation built from one or more Set mathematics sets of elements in cyclic order . The notion cyclic permutation is used in different, but related ways Definition 1 image 050712 perm 1.png right mapping of permutation A permutation P over a Set mathematics set S with k elements is called a cyclic permutation with offset t if and only if the elements of S may be total order ordered c 1 c 2 ... c k and the mapping of P may be written as p c i c i t for i 1, 2, ..., k &minus t , and p c i c i t &minus k for i k &minus t 1, k &minus t 2, ..., k . Note Every cyclic permutation of definition type 1 will be constructed with exactly greatest common divisor gcd k , t disjoint cycles of equal length see cycles and fixed points . Cyclic permutations of definition type 1 are also called rotations , or circular shifts . Example math begin pmatrix 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 3 & 4 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 1 & 8 & 2 end pmatrix begin pmatrix 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 8 3 & 4 & 5 & 7 & 6 & 8 & 1 & 2 end pmatrix 1356 2478 math is a cyclic permutation with offset 2. It may be constructed with gcd 8, 2 2 cycles see image. The used order is c 6 7, c 7 6, c i i else. Definition 2 image 050712 perm 2.png right mapping of permutation A permutation is called a cyclic ... over a set with k elements is a cyclic permutation of definition type 2 if and only if it is a cyclic ... right mapping of permutation A permutation is called a cyclic permutation if and only if only one of the constructing cycles will have length 1. Note Every cyclic permutation of definition type 3 may be seen as an union mathematics union of a cyclic permutation of definition type 2 and some fixed point mathematics fixed points . Every cyclic permutation of definition type 2 may be seen as a cyclic ... 4 & 6 & 8 & 3 & 7 & 1 & 2 & 5 end pmatrix 146837 2 5 math See also Cyclic permutation of integer Cycle ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A Cyclic pump is an Equipment apparatus which moves a fluid in a periodic uni directional direction from one containment system to another while overcoming static conditions that would, without intervention, not move. The intervention predicated by the pump alters pressures, volumes and sometimes temperatures of fluids gasseous, liquid, colloidal, plasmic, etc. in such a way that the fluids are transported to other chambers or enclosures including pipes , thus flowing in a consistent direction, usually having characteristics of pulsation as is the case with the Human heart or of uniform motion as is the case with an Automobile motor oil pump . Cyclic pumps are generally incorporated into machine s to deal with all sorts of fluids associated with that machine s functionality. See also File Ram Pump Vogn 2011 ubt.ogv thumb A cyclic hydraulic ram ram pump in Vogn , Denmark Water hammer Hydraulic ram Fluid dynamics Switched mode power supply Boost converter Buck converter Buck&ndash boost converter DEFAULTSORT Cyclic Pump Category Pumps Tech stub ... more details
Cyclic stress in engineering refers to an internal distribution of forces a stress that changes over time in a repetitive fashion. As an example, consider one of the large wheels used to drive an aerial lift such as a ski lift . The Wire rope wire cable wrapped around the wheel exerts a downward force on the wheel and the drive shaft supporting the wheel. Although the shaft, wheel, and cable move the force remains nearly vertical relative to the ground. Thus a point on the surface of the drive shaft will undergo tension when it is pointing towards the ground and compression when it is pointing to the sky. Because the wheel rotates many times during the use of the machine, this cycle of Tensile stress tension and Compressive stress compression is repeated many times &mdash hence the name cyclic stress. Types of cyclic stress Cyclic stress is frequently encountered in rotating machinery where a bending moment is applied to a rotating part. This is called a cyclic bending stress and the aerial lift above is a good example. However, cyclic axial stress es and cyclic torsional stress es also exist. An example of cyclic axial stress would be a bungee cord see bungee jumping , which must support the mass of people as they jump off structures such as bridges. When a person reaches the end of a cord, the cord deflects Elastic deformation elastical ly and stops the person s descent. This creates a large axial stress in the cord. A fraction of the elastic potential energy stored in the cord is typically transferred back to the person, throwing the person upwards some fraction of the distance ..., but have a torque that varies significantly over time. Cyclic stress and material failure When cyclic stresses are applied to a material, even though the stresses do not cause plastic deformation ... cyclic stresses into mean and alternating components. Mean stress is the time average of the principal ... are subjected to a single type bending, axial, or torsional of cyclic stress because this more ... more details
In mathematics , the cyclic category or cycle category or category of cycles is a category theory category of finite cyclically ordered set s and degree 1 maps between them. It was introduced by harvtxt Connes 1983 . Definition The cyclic category has one object sub n sub for each natural number n 0, 1, 2, ... The morphisms from sub m sub to sub n sub are represented by increasing functions f from the integers to the integers, such that f x m n f x , where two functions f and g represent the same morphism when their difference is divisible by n . Informally, the morphisms from sub m sub to sub n sub can be thought of as maps of oriented necklaces with m 1 and n 1 beads. More precisely, the morphisms can be identified with homotopy classes of degree 1 increasing maps from S sup 1 sup to itself that map the subgroup Z m 1 Z to Z n 1 Z . Properties The number of morphisms from sub m sub to sub n sub is m n 1 m n . The cyclic category is self dual. The classifying space B of the cyclic category is a classifying space BS sup 1 sup of the circle group S sup 1 sup . Cyclic sets A cyclic set is a contravariant functor from the cyclic category to sets. More generally a cyclic object in a category C is a contravariant functor from the cyclic category to C . See also Cyclic homology Simplex category References Citation last Connes first Alain authorlink Alain Connes year 1983 title Cohomologie cyclique et foncteurs Ext sup n sup language French journal Comptes Rendus de l Acad mie des Sciences. S rie I. Math matique volume 296 issue 23 pages 953 958 url http www.alainconnes.org docs n83.pdf accessdate 15 May 2011 mr 777584 Citation last Connes first Alain authorlink Alain Connes year 2002 chapter Noncommutative Geometry Year 2000 editor last Fokas editor first A. title Highlights of mathematical physics isbn 0 8218 3223 9 pages 49 110 url http www.alainconnes.org ... isbn 3 540 53373 7 pages 60 61 Citation last1 Loday first1 Jean Louis title Cyclic homology url http ... more details
Infobox disease Name Cyclic neutropenia Image Caption DiseasesDB 30103 ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 288.02 ICDO OMIM 162800 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Cyclic neutropenia or cyclical neutropenia is a form of neutropenia that tends to occur every three weeks and lasting three to six days at a time due to changing rates of cell production by the bone marrow. ref name Andrews cite book author James, William D. Berger, Timothy G. et al. title Andrews Diseases of the Skin Clinical Dermatology publisher Saunders Elsevier location year 2006 pages isbn 0 7216 2921 0 oclc doi accessdate ref rp 811 It is often present among several members of the same family. Treatment includes G CSF and usually improves after puberty. Cyclic neutropenia is the result of autosomal dominantly inherited mutations in ELA2 , the gene encoding neutrophil elastase. ref name pmid16079102 cite journal author Sera Y, Kawaguchi H, Nakamura K, et al. title A comparison of the defective granulopoiesis in childhood cyclic neutropenia and in severe congenital neutropenia journal Haematologica volume 90 issue 8 pages 1032 1041 year 2005 pmid 16079102 doi url http www.haematologica.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 16079102 ref See also Acatalasemia List of cutaneous conditions May be associated with oral cankers, canker sores or lesions. http www.aafp.org afp 20000701 149.html External links http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov bookshelf br.fcgi?book gene&part cyclic n GeneReview NIH UW entry on ELANE Related Neutropenias including cyclic neutropenia References reflist DEFAULTSORT Cyclic Neutropenia Category Congenital defects of phagocyte number, function, or both Category Conditions of the mucous membranes Cutaneous condition stub ... more details
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