and inclusion ability of a bis cyclodextrin pseudo cryptand towards Busulfan anticancer agent ... and environmental engineering. Hydroxypropyl Beta Cyclodextrin HP CD is the chief active ... cyclodextrin contains 32 1,4 anhydroglucopyranoside units, while as a poorly characterized mixture ... cyclodextrin six membered sugar ring molecule cyclodextrin seven sugar ring molecule cyclodextrin ... right Space filling model of cyclodextrin. Cyclodextrins, as they are known today, were called cellulosine ... J. 1988 . Cyclodextrin Technology vol 1. Springer, New York ISBN 978 90 277 2314 7 ref Among the processes ... cyclodextrin during kneading process url journal Eur. J. Pharm Sciences volume 23 issue 2 pages ... cyclodextrin assists in moving cholesterol out of lysosomes in Niemann Pick disease, type C Niemann ... followed showing that Hydroxypropyl Beta Cyclodextrin HP CD is not simply an agent to solubilize drugs ... Beta Cyclodextrin HP CD . 14 On May 17, 2010, the FDA approved an orphan drug application for Hydroxypropyl Beta Cyclodextrin Trappsol brand . On July 14, 2010, Children s Hospital & Research Center Oakland filed a second IND application with the FDA to deliver Hydroxypropyl Beta Cyclodextrin ... 609 17 pmid 12226716 doi 10.1007 s00253 002 1057 x ref Commonly cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase ... cyclodextrin which subsequently precipitates. The complex formation drives the conversion of starch towards the synthesis of the precipitated cyclodextrin, thus enriching its content in the final mixture of products. Uses further2 Alpha Cyclodextrin Image Rotaxane Crystal Structure ChemComm page493 2001 commons.jpg thumbnail 250px Crystal structure of a rotaxane with an cyclodextrin ... , a modified cyclodextrin which reverses neuromuscular blockade by binding the drug rocuronium ... and hydrophobic cholesterol molecule is easily lodged inside cyclodextrin rings that are then removed. Alpha , beta , and gamma cyclodextrin are all generally recognized as safe by the FDA. ref ... more details
Image CGTase domains.jpg thumb 200px CGTase ribbon diagram Cyclodextrin glycosyl transferase also Cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase or Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase or CGTase for short EC number 2.4.1.19 is a Bacterium bacterial enzyme belonging to the same family of the amylase amylase specifically known as glycosyl hydrolase family 13. This peculiar enzyme is capable of catalyzing more than one reaction with the most important being the synthesis of non reducing cyclic dextrin s known as cyclodextrin s starting from starch , amylose , and other polysaccharide s. CGTase is an enzyme common to many bacterial species, in particular of the Bacillus genus e.g. B. circulans , B. macerans and B. stearothermophilus , as well as to some archaea , but it is not known to be present in any other species. Catalytic activities All of the CGTases can catalyze up to four reactions cyclization, coupling, disproportionation and hydrolysis. All these activities share the same catalytic mechanism which is common to all glycosyl hydrolases. Cyclization is the process through which a linear polysaccharidic chain is cleaved and the two ends of the cleaved fragment are joined to produce a circular dextrin cyclodextrin or CD on the basis of the number of sugar residues this circular product is made of three main type of cyclodextrins can be distinguished, CD with six residues, CD with seven residues and CD with eight residues. The coupling reaction can be easily described as the reverse process of cyclization the enzyme cleaves a cyclodextrin to produce a linear dextrin which is subsequently joined to a linear oligosaccharide. Disproportionation is very similar to coupling, but the cleaved dextrin is not a cyclodextrin, but a linear oligosaccharide that is then joined to a second oligosaccharide ..., Uitdehaag JC, Penninga D, van Alebeek GJ, Smith LM, Dijkstra BW, Dijkhuizen L. Rational design of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans strain 251 to increase alpha cyclodextrin production ... more details
Multiple issues orphan November 2008 advert December 2008 COI December 2008 Alpha cyclodextrin is a natural, soluble dietary fiber derived from domestically grown corn. It is sold under the brand name FBCx. It has the unique ability among known fibers to bind nine times its own weight in fat. Although many dietary fibers appear to bind fat on a 1 1 ratio alpha cyclodextrin is the only one that binds on a 1 9 fiber fat ratio. ref name Artiss2006 citation last1 Artiss first1 J.D. last2 Brogan first2 K. last3 Brucal first3 M. last4 Moghaddam first4 M. last5 Jen first5 K.L.C. year 2006 title The effects of a new soluble dietary fiber on weight gain and selected blood parameters in rats journal Metabolism volume 55 issue 2 pages 195 202 doi 10.1016 j.metabol.2005.08.012 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S0026049505003355 pmid 16423626 ref ref name Rev2007 citation last1 Grunberger first G. last2 Artiss first2 J.D. last3 Jen first3 K.L.C. year 2007 title The benefits of early intervention in obese diabetic patients with FBCx TM a new dietary fibre journal Diabetes Metab Res Rev volume 23 pages 56 62 doi 10.1002 dmrr.687 url http www3.interscience.wiley.com journal 113385490 abstract pmid 17013969 issue 1 ref As the molecular weight of the fiber and triglycerides are about the same, it would appear to follow that the cyclodextrin is actually forming a layer on the surface of the fat droplets. Bochot et al. . ref International J of Pharmaceutics, 339 1 2 121 29 2007 ref have lent evidence to this theory by demonstrating that it is possible to produce beads with oily compartments by mixing an aqueous solution of the fiber with soybean oil albeit under somewhat more vigorous conditions than occur in the human stomach. This high ratio of binding makes alpha cyclodextrin practical as a weight loss supplement. In order for fat or triglyceride to be absorbed it must first ... Jen first3 K.L.C. last4 Remaley first4 A.T. year 2008 title Dietary cyclodextrin lowers low density ... more details
unreferenced date January 2008 Selective Relaxant Binding Agent s SRBAs are a new class of drug s that selectively encapsulates and binds neuromuscular blocking agents NMBAs . The first drug introduction of an SRBA is sugammadex . Sugammadex is a modified gamma cyclodextrin that specifically encapsulates and binds the aminosteroid NMBAs rocuronium vecuronium pancuronium . SRBAs exert a chelating action that effectively terminates an NMBA ability to bind to nicotinic receptor s. Discovery of SRBAs The discovery of SRBA as a new class of drug is the result of work done by Organon laboratories at the Newhouse Research Site Newhouse research site in Scotland . Cyclodextrin s were explored as a means to solubilize rocuronium bromide a steroidal NMBA in a neutral aqueous solution. Upon creating numerous modified cyclodextrins, one particular molecule was found to possess extremely high affinity for the rocuronium molecule. Originally known as Org25969, it is now generically named sugammadex sodium. Category Anesthesia Category Polysaccharides ... more details
enzyme Name cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase EC number 2.4.1.19 CAS number 9030 09 5 IUBMB EC number 2 4 1 19 GO code 0043895 image width caption cleanup date December 2007 In enzymology , a cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase EC number 2.4.1.19 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction of cyclizing part of a 1,4 alpha D glucan molecule through the formation of a 1,4 alpha D glucosidic bond. This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the hexosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 1,4 alpha D glucan 4 alpha D 1,4 alpha D glucano transferase cyclizing . Other names in common use include Bacillus macerans amylase , cyclodextrin glucanotransferase , alpha cyclodextrin glucanotransferase , alpha cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase , beta cyclodextrin glucanotransferase , beta cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase , gamma cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase , cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase , cyclomaltodextrin glucotransferase , cyclomaltodextrin glycosyltransferase , konchizaimu , alpha 1,4 glucan 4 glycosyltransferase, cyclizing , BMA , CGTase , and neutral cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase . Structural studies As of late 2007, 47 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1A47 , PDB link 1CDG , PDB link 1CGT , PDB link 1CGU , PDB link 1CGV , PDB link 1CGW , PDB link 1CGX , PDB link 1CGY , PDB link 1CIU , PDB link 1CXE , PDB link 1CXF , PDB link 1CXH , PDB link 1CXI , PDB link 1CXK , PDB link 1CXL , PDB link 1CYG , PDB link 1D3C , PDB link 1D7F , PDB link 1DED , PDB link 1DTU , PDB link 1EO5 , PDB link 1EO7 , PDB link 1I75 , PDB link 1KCK , PDB link 1KCL , PDB link 1OT1 , PDB link 1OT2 , PDB link 1PAM , PDB link 1PEZ , PDB link 1PJ9 , PDB link 1TCM , PDB link 1UKQ , PDB link 1UKS , PDB link 1UKT , PDB link 1V3J , PDB link 1V3K , PDB link 1V3L , PDB link 1V3M , PDB link 2CXG , PDB link 2DIJ , PDB link 3CGT , PDB link 4CGT , PD ... more details
Image Febreze Logo.svg 150px thumb Febreze logo. Febreze is a brand of household odor eliminator manufactured by Procter & Gamble , sold in North America , Europe , Asia , Australia and New Zealand . ref cite web title Febreze review work Ciao Shopping Intelligence url http www.ciao.co.uk Febreeze Review 5142664 accessdate September 14, 2001 ref First introduced in test markets in 1993, Where date August 2011 the product has been sold in the United States since June 1998, and the line has since branched out to include air freshener s Air Effects , fabric refreshers, plug in oils NOTICEables , scented disks Scentstories , odor eliminating candles and automotive air fresheners. Ingredients Image febreze.jpg 150px thumb A bottle of Febreze. The active ingredient in Febreze is Hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin or HP CD. Procter & Gamble claims that these molecules bind hydrocarbon s within the doughnut shape, retaining malodorous molecules, which reduces their release into the air and thus the perception of their scent. ref cite web publisher Procter&Gamble year 2005 url http www.scienceinthebox.com en UK glossary cyclodextrin en.html title Chemical Functional Definitions Cyclodextrin url http www.scienceinthebox.com en UK glossary cyclodextrin en.html ref The original formula was developed in Plymouth , England . The use of a cyclodextrin as a sprayable odor absorber is patented by Procter & Gamble. ref http www.google.com patents?id 2LQgAAAAEBAJ&zoom 4&pg PA1 v onepage&q&f false Uncomplexed cyclodextrin solutions for odor control on inanimate surfaces . US Pat. No. 5,714,137. Filed 1994 assigned 1998. ref Marketing After P&G had spent several years and millions of dollars developing Febreze, it sold poorly. An analysis of this failure led to a radical revision of its marketing that relied on an understanding of how people connected the use of a product to their daily routines and habits. The company found that it had to sell different aspects of the product than those i ... more details
Insert Therapeutics , Inc., now Calando Pharmaceuticals, Inc., is a medical research company that uses nanobiotechnology specializing in therapeutic agents that are conjugation chemistry conjugate d Disambiguation needed date March 2012 , to facilitate and enhance drug delivery . The small company was founded in 2000, is located in Pasadena, California , and majority owned by Arrowhead Research Corporation . The conjugates consist of a cyclodextrin containing polymer Cyclosert that acts as a drug delivery system, and a linked medication, such as a chemotherapeutic drug of already proven efficacy. ref name IT 101 http clinicaltrials.gov ct show NCT00333502?order 1 IT 101 trial ref The size of the polymer is designed to fit the specific target, as vessels in a neoplasm allow for leakage of different size of polymers, as in healthy tissue. The leaked conjugates are concentrated in the target area. As a result chemotherapeutic activity is locally enhanced, while general side effects are decreased. ref name IT 101 At least one of their conjugates, IT 101 , has been investigated in a clinical trial at City of Hope National Medical Center . ref name IT 101 References Reflist External links http www.calandopharma.com Calando Pharmaceuticals, Inc. was Insert Therapeutics, Inc. http www.ceruleanrx.com Cerulean Pharma, Inc. IT 101 licensee Category Biotechnology ar ... more details
but more reliably trans spanning. TRANSDIP, based on a cyclodextrin , is the first ligand to give ... Built Upon a Cyclodextrin Cavity is Transdip an Authentic Trans Spanning Ligand? journal Chemistry ... more details
that when Niemann Pick type C mice were injected with CYCLO 2 hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin or HPbCD ... cyclodextrin acutely reverses the storage defect seen in Niemann Pick disease, type C . ref ... cyclodextrin for the treatment of NPC disease. On May 17, 2010, the FDA granted HPbCD orphan drug status and designated hydroxy propyl beta cyclodextrin as a promising treatment for Niemann Pick type ... based on promising new animal data. Doctors requested to deliver hydroxy propyl beta cyclodextrin ... utilizing cyclodextrin for Niemann Pick type C patients. The clinical trial is in the planning phase ... disease being treated with cyclodextrin http ghr.nlm.nih.gov condition niemannpickdisease Genetics Home ... more details
. 1978. Thermodynamic Studies Of Cyclodextrin Accelerated Cleavage Of Phenyl Esters. Journal of the American ..., K Toda, F Onozuka, S Hattori, K Bender, ML. 1975. Stereochemically Correct Catalytic Site On Cyclodextrin ... more details
amylase with an inhibitor alpha cyclodextrin has been determined to 3.0A resolution by X ray diffraction ... preliminary chain tracing of the complex with alpha cyclodextrin journal J. Biochem. volume 112 ..., one sharing a binding site with alpha cyclodextrin, and the other sitting more deeply in the cleft ... more details
For enzyme mimic enzyme mimic Unreferenced date January 2010 Image Artificial enzyme.jpg thumb 310px Schematic drawing of artificial phosphorylase An artificial enzyme is a synthetic, organic molecule prepared to recreate the active site of an enzyme. Enzyme catalysis of chemical reactions occur with high selectivity and rate in a small part of the enzyme macromolecule known as the active site . There, the binding of a substrate biochemistry substrate close to functional group s in the enzyme causes catalysis by so called proximity effects. It is therefore possible to create similar catalysts from small molecule mimics of enzyme active sites by combining, in a small molecule, the ability to bind substrate with catalytic functional groups. Since the artificial enzymes need to bind molecules, they are made based on a host molecule such as a cyclodextrin , crown ethers or calixarene etc. A number of artificial enzymes have been reported catalysing various reactions with rate increases up to 10 sup 3 sup this is nevertheless substantially lower than natural enzymes that typically causes rate increases above 10 sup 6 sup . One of the pioneers in artificial enzyme research is chemist Ronald Breslow . New approaches based on amino acid s or peptide s as characteristic molecular moieties have led to a significant expansion of the field of artificial enzymes or enzyme mimics. For instance, recent results by the group of Rob Liskamp http www.pharm.uu.nl ffwuk.htm? medchem have shown that scaffolded histidine residues can be used as mimics of certain metalloproteins and enzymes. Especially the structural mimicry of certain copper proteins e.g. hemocyanin , tyrosinase and catechol oxidase , containing so called type 3 copper binding sites, has been shown. This is a significant improvement since the use of scaffolded histidine residues is one step closer to the mimicry of enzymes by biological relevant species such as amino acids and peptides http www.rsc.org Publishing Journals ... more details
Image SyntheticNaturalIonChannelsComparison.png thumb right Size comparison of the postulated dimer of cyclodextrin half channels synthetic ion channel, left , and hemolysin a natural pore, right Synthetic ion channels are de novo chemical compounds that insert into lipid bilayer s, form pores, and allow ion s to flow from one side to the other. ref name Fyles ChemSocRev 2007 cite journal url http pubs.rsc.org en Content ArticleLanding 2007 CS b603256g title Synthetic ion channels in bilayer membranes. author Fyles, TM journal Chemical Society Reviews year 2007 volume 36 issue 2 pages 335 347 doi 10.1039 b603256g ref They are man made analogues of natural ion channel s, and are thus also known as artificial ion channels . Compared to biological channels, they usually allow fluxes of similar magnitude but are minuscule in size less than 5k Dalton vs. 100k Dalton , diverse in molecular architecture, and may rely on diverse Supramolecular chemistry supramolecular interactions to pre form the active ... cyclodextrin . ref name Tabushi 1982 cite journal title A,C,D,F tetrasubstituted cyclodextrin ... 2010 CC c0cc00366b title Apparent fractal distribution of open durations in cyclodextrin ... center Cyclodextrin based File CDchannels.svg thumb 250px right Cyclodextrin half channels . ref name ... . Bottom chemical structures of these cyclodextrin conjugates. The first synthetic ion channel was constructed by partial substitution on the primary rim of cyclodextrin . ref name Tabushi 1982 Other ... ref name Gin cyclodextrin anion channel cite journal title A Highly Active Anion Selective Aminocyclodextrin ... anie.200501625 ref and various poly ethyleneoxide linked starburst oligomers. ref name Starburst cyclodextrin ... Oxide Initiated by Modified Cyclodextrin author Badi, Nezha Auvray, Lo c Gu gan, Philippe journal ... ref Structure activity relationships for a large suite of cyclodextrin half channels prepared ... demonstrates. ref name Bayley CD mutant hemolysin pores 2010 cite journal title Molecular bases of cyclodextrin ... more details
, activity and complexation with cyclodextrin journal Int J Pharm volume 338 issue 1 2 pages 27 ... Coordination complex complex with solutions which contain cyclodextrin towards hydrolytic degradations ... Studies of curcumin and curcuminoids. XXVII. Cyclodextrin complexation solubility, chemical and photochemical ..., bisdemethoxycurcumin and curcumin are greatest in the hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin HP CD cavity ... hydrolysis in cyclodextrin solution. No covalent bond s are present between the cyclodextrins and the curcuminoids ... more details
This is a list of articles that describe particular biomolecule s or types of biomolecules. compactTOC8 side yes seealso yes nobreak yes A For substances with an A or prefix such as a amylase amylase , please see the parent page in this case Amylase . A23187 Calcimycin, Calcium Ionophore Abamectin Abietic acid Acetic acid Acetylcholine Actin Actinomycin D Adenosine Adenosine diphosphate ADP Adenosine monophosphate AMP Adenosine triphosphate ATP Adenylate cyclase Adonitol Adrenaline , epinephrine Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH Aequorin Aflatoxin Agar Alamethicin Alanine Albumins Aldosterone Aleurone Alpha amanitin Allantoin Allethrin Amanatin, see Alpha amanitin Amino acid Amylase also see a amylase amylase Anabolic steroid Anethole Angiotensinogen Anisomycin Antidiuretic hormone ADH Arabinose Arginine Ascomycin Ascorbic acid vitamin C Asparagine Aspartic acid Asymmetric dimethylarginine Atrial natriuretic peptide ANP Auxin Avidin Azadirachtin A &ndash C sub 35 sub H sub 44 sub O sub 16 sub B Bacteriocin Beauvericin Bicuculline Bilirubin Biopolymer Biotin Vitamin H Brefeldin A Brassinolide Brucine C Cadaverine Caffeine Calciferol Vitamin D calcitonin Calmodulin Calmodulin Calreticulin Camphor Cannabinol Capsaicin Carbohydrase Carbohydrate Carnitine Carrageenan Casein Caspase Cellulase Cellulose C sub 6 sub H sub 10 sub O sub 5 sub sub x sub Cerulenin Cetrimonium bromide Cetrimide C sub 19 sub H sub 42 sub BrN Chelerythrine Chromomycin A3 Chaparonin Chitin a chloralose Chloralose Chlorophyll Cholecystokinin CCK Cholesterol Choline Chondroitin sulfate Cinnamaldehyde Citral Citric acid Citrinin Citronellal Citronellol Citrulline Cobalamin Vitamin B12 vitamin B sub 12 sub Coenzyme Coenzyme Q Colchicine Collagen Coniine Corticosteroid Corticosterone Corticotropin releasing hormone CRH Cortisol Creatine Creatine kinase Crystallin Alpha cyclodextrin Cyclodextrin Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase Cyclopamine Cyclopiazonic acid Cysteine Cystine Cytidine Cytochala ... more details
beta cyclodextrin HPbCD In April 2009, Hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin HPbCD was approved ... chest walls and allow doctors to directly infuse HPbCD into their bloodstreams. Treatment with cyclodextrin ... Chronic cyclodextrin treatment of murine Niemann Pick C disease ameliorates neuronal cholesterol and glycosphingolipid ... S, Vite CH title 2 hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin raises hearing threshold in normal cats and in cats ... ref models. This is the second time in the United States that cyclodextrin alone has been administered ... beta cyclodextrin orphan drug status and designated the compound as a potential treatment ... a clinical trial utilizing cyclodextrin for Niemann Pick type C patients. The clinical trial ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 403602802 ImageFile CGS21680.png ImageSize 200px IUPACName 3 4 2 6 amino 9 2R,3R,4S,5S 5 ethylcarbamoyl 3,4 dihydroxy oxolan 2 yl purin 2 yl amino ethyl phenyl propanoic acid OtherNames CGS 21680 Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 120225 54 9 PubChem 3086599 IUPHAR ligand 424 IUPHAR ligand 375 ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 331372 ChemSpiderID 2343185 SMILES O C O CCc1ccc cc1 CCNc2nc c3ncn c3n2 C H 4O C H C O NCC C H O C H 4O N InChI 1 C23H29N7O6 c1 2 25 21 35 18 16 33 17 34 22 36 18 30 11 27 15 19 24 28 23 29 20 15 30 26 10 9 13 5 3 12 4 6 13 7 8 14 31 32 h3 6,11,16 18,22,33 34H,2,7 10H2,1H3, H,25,35 H,31,32 H3,24,26,28,29 t16 ,17 ,18 ,22 m0 s1 InChIKey PAOANWZGLPPROA RQXXJAGIBL StdInChI 1S C23H29N7O6 c1 2 25 21 35 18 16 33 17 34 22 36 18 30 11 27 15 19 24 28 23 29 20 15 30 26 10 9 13 5 3 12 4 6 13 7 8 14 31 32 h3 6,11,16 18,22,33 34H,2,7 10H2,1H3, H,25,35 H,31,32 H3,24,26,28,29 t16 ,17 ,18 ,22 m0 s1 StdInChIKey PAOANWZGLPPROA RQXXJAGISA N Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 23 sub H sub 29 sub N sub 7 sub O sub 6 sub MolarMass 499.52 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition CGS 21680 is a specific adenosine Adenosine A2A receptor A sub 2A sub subtype receptor agonist . It is usually presented as an organic hydrochloride salt with a molecular weight of 536.0 g M . It is soluble up to 3.4 mg mL in dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO and 20 mg mL in 45 w v aq 2 hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin. The chemical is currently used by researchers interested in studying neuronal transmission with a high affinity, subtype specific analogue for adenosine. This includes research in respiration where it is believed that A sub 2A sub receptors are involved in rhythm generation in the pre B tzinger complex . The drug is not currently approved for use in a therapeutic capacity. pharm stub See also Adenosine receptor References cite journal author Mayer CA, Haxhiu MA, Martin RJ, Wilson CG title Ade ... more details
Drugbox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 477317167 IUPAC name 3 hydroxypregnane 11,20 dione image Alphaxolone.svg Clinical data tradename Drugs.com drugs.com international alfaxalone pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US A B C D X legal AU Unscheduled S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 legal CA Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL P POM CD Class A, B, C legal US OTC Rx only Schedule I, II, III, IV, V Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability The alfaxalone molecule is solubilised in the Alfaxan formulation using 2 hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin. Cyclodextrins are complex polysaccharides derived from starch that supply a hydrophobic centre for lipophilic drugs like alfaxalone. Identifiers CAS number Ref cascite changed ?? CAS number 23930 19 0 ATC prefix N01 ATC suffix AX05 PubChem 104845 DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 94637 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII BD07M97B2A KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG D07282 ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 190279 Chemical data C 21 H 32 O 3 molecular weight 332.477 g mol smiles O C2 C H 3 C H C H 1CC C H C O C C 1 C C2 CC C H 4C C H O CC C 34C InChI 1 C21H32O3 c1 12 22 16 6 7 17 15 5 4 13 10 14 23 8 9 20 13,2 19 15 18 24 11 21 16,17 3 h13 17,19,23H,4 11H2,1 3H3 t13 ,14 ,15 ,16 ,17 ,19 ,20 ,21 m0 s1 InChIKey DUHUCHOQIDJXAT OLVMNOGEBO StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C21H32O3 c1 12 22 16 6 7 17 15 5 4 13 10 14 23 8 9 20 13,2 19 15 18 24 11 21 16,17 3 h13 17,19,23H,4 11H2,1 3H3 t13 ,14 ,15 ,16 ,17 ,19 ,20 ,21 m0 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey DUHUCHOQIDJXAT OLVMNOGESA N Alfaxalone International Nonproprietary Name INN , also known as alphaxalone or alphaxolone is a neurosteroid general anaesthetic . It is one of the constituents of althesin . It is used in veterinary practice under the tradename Alfaxan. ref cite web url http www.drugs.com international alfaxalone.html title Alfaxalone pu ... more details
Wolfram Saenger born 1939 is a Germany German biochemist and protein crystallography crystallographer . In his research career spanning over 30 years he has worked at the Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine , Harvard University Harvard Medical School and the Free University of Berlin , where he still heads the Institute for Crystallography. A recipient of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize 1987 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft , which is the highest honour awarded for achievements in research in Germany, and the Humboldt Prize 1988 , he is best known for his research on X ray crystallography of membrane proteins and protein nucleic acid complexes. He has authored 10 books and over 500 scientific articles. Partial list of major scientific contributions Water Molecule in Hydrophobic Surroundings Structure of alpha Cyclodextrin Hexahydrate C6H10O5 66H2O, Nature, 1972 Circular hydrogen bonds, Nature, 1979 Specific protein nucleic acid recognition in ribonuclease T1 2 guanylic acid complex an X ray study, Nature 1982 DNA conformation is determined by economics in the hydration of phosphate groups, Nature 1986 Long range structural changes in proteinase K triggered by calcium ion removal, Nature 1989 Three dimensional structure of the E. coli DMA binding protein FIS, Nature 1991 Three dimensional structure of system I of photosynthesis at 6 resolution, Nature 1993 Crystal structure of beta D cellotetraose hemihydrate with implications for the structure of cellulose II, Science 1994 Structure of the Tet repressor tetracycline complex and regulation of antibiotic resistance, Science 1994 Characterization of non inducible Tet repressor mutants suggests conformational changes necessary for induction, Nature Structural Biology 1995 Photosystem I at 4 resolution represents the first structural model of a joint photosynthetic reaction centre and core antenna system, Nature Structural Biology 1996 Structural basis of gene regulation by the tetracycline induc ... more details
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