chembox verifiedrevid 443679934 name Cyclohexane ImageFileL1 Cyclohexane 2D skeletal.svg ImageSizeL1 80px ImageNameL1 Cyclohexane ImageFileR1 Cyclohexane 3D space filling.png ImageSizeR1 100px ImageNameR1 3D structure of a cyclohexane molecule ImageFileL2 Cyclohexane chair 2D stereo skeletal.png ImageSizeL2 100px ImageNameL2 Skeletal formula of cyclohexane in its chair conformation ImageFileR2 Cyclohexane chair 3D balls.png ImageSizeR2 100px ImageNameR2 Ball and stick model of cyclohexane in its ... Cyclopentane br Cycloheptane OtherCpds Cyclohexene br Benzene Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula Carbon C sub 6 sub Hydrogen H sub 12 sub . Cyclohexane is used as a nonpolar ... scale, cyclohexane is produced by reacting benzene with hydrogen . Because of its unique chemical and conformational properties, cyclohexane is also used in labs in analysis and as a standard. Cyclohexane has a distinctive detergent like odor, reminiscent of cleaning product in which it is sometimes used . Structure and physical properties Conformation main Cyclohexane conformation The 6 ... eclipsed bonds . Therefore, to reduce torsional strain , cyclohexane adopts a three dimensional ... are perpendicular to the plane axial . This conformation allows for the most stable structure of cyclohexane. Another conformation of cyclohexane exists, known as boat conformation , but it interconverts to the slightly more stable chair formation. If cyclohexane is mono substituted with a large substituent ... more stable Chemical structure conformation . Cyclohexane has the lowest angle and torsional strain of all the cycloalkanes, as a result cyclohexane has been deemed a 0 in total ring strain, a combination of angle and torsional strain. This also makes cyclohexane the most stable of the cycloalkanes ... compared to the other cycloalkanes. Image Cyclohexane chair colour coded 3D balls.png 250px thumb left A cyclohexane molecule in chair conformation. Hydrogen atoms in axial positions are shown in red ... more details
Image Cyclohexane chair colour coded 3D balls.png 250px thumb A cyclohexane molecule in chair conformation .... A cyclohexane conformation is any of several three dimensional shapes that a cyclohexane molecule ... successive bonds in a carbon chain is about 109 degrees. Therefore the cyclohexane ring tends ... J. year 2011 title Toward Consistent Terminology for Cyclohexane Conformers in Introductory Organic ... form. Cyclohexane conformations have been extensively studied in organic chemistry because they are the classical ... and chemical properties of cyclohexane. Historical background In 1890, Hermann Sachse , a 28 year old assistant in Berlin, published instructions for folding a piece of paper to represent two forms of cyclohexane ... and Odd Hassel shared the 1969 Nobel Prize for work on the conformations of cyclohexane and various other molecules. General The carbon carbon bonds along the cyclohexane ring are sp orbital hybridisation ... character remains the same. In cyclohexane, the two chair conformations have the same energy. At 25 C, 99.99 of all molecules in a cyclohexane solution will be in a chair conformation. In cyclohexane ... Chemical equilibrium equilibrium between the two chair conformations of cyclohexane. The interconversion ... between the two chair conformations of cyclohexane, it is often included in the reaction coordinate ... a molecule of cyclohexane in the twist boat conformation can achieve the chair conformation again. Image Cyclohexane universe.png 300px cyclohexane universe 1 chair, 2 half chair, 3 twist boat, 4 .... Twistane is another compound with a forced twist boat conformation. Cyclohexane derivatives Substituents found on cyclohexane adopt cis isomer cis and trans formations and cannot be easily switched ... mean that they were on opposing sides. Despite the fact that carbons on cyclohexane are linked by a single ... name. For di substituted cyclohexane rings i.e. two groups on the ring , the relative orientation ... cyclohexane, a cis configuration leads to one axial and one equatorial group. This configuration ... more details
thumb 797px left log sub 10 sub of Cyclohexane vapor pressure. Uses formula math scriptstyle ... center colspan 3 Vapor liquid Equilibrium br for Cyclohexane Ethanol ref name cheric b Cite web ... colspan 3 Vapor liquid Equilibrium br for Cyclohexane Benzene ref name cheric b br P 760 mm Hg ... bc C0C090 bgcolor D0D0D0 align center colspan 3 Vapor liquid Equilibrium br for Cyclohexane hexane ... align center colspan 3 Vapor liquid Equilibrium br for Cyclohexane Acetic acid ref name cheric ... 3 Vapor liquid Equilibrium br for Cyclohexane Isopropanol ref name cheric b br P 760 mm Hg chembox header rowspan 2 BP br Temp. br C colspan 2 by mole cyclohexane chembox header liquid vapor 78.71 .... Use dmy dates date September 2010 DEFAULTSORT Cyclohexane Data Page Category Chemical data pages ... more details
Co metabolism is defined as the simultaneous Chemical decomposition degradation of two Chemical compound compound s, in which the degradation of the second compound the secondary Substrate biochemistry substrate depends on the presence of the first compound the primary substrate . For example, in the process of metabolizing methane , propane or simple sugars, some bacteria, such as Pseudomonas stutzeri OX1, can degrade hazardous chlorinated solvents, such as tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene, that they would otherwise be unable to attack. They do this by producing the methane monooxygenase , enzyme which is known to degrade some pollutants, such as chlorinated solvents, via co metabolism. Co metabolism is thus used as an approach to Biodegradation biological degradation of hazardous solvent s. Another example is Mycobacterium vaccae , which uses an enzyme to oxidize propane. Accidentally, this enzyme also oxidizes, at no additional cost for M. vaccae , cyclohexane into cyclohexanol . Thus, cyclohexane is co metabolized in the presence of propane. This allows for the commensal growth of Pseudomonas on cyclohexane. The latter can metabolize cyclohexanol, but not cyclohexane. ref Beam and Perry 1974 ref gallery ref Ryoo, D., Shim, H., Canada, K., Barbieri, P., Wood T. K. 2000 Aerobic Degradation of Tetrachloroethylene by Toluene o xylene Monooxoygenase of Pseudomonas Stutzeri OX1, Nat Biotechnol, 18 775 778. ref References references refimprove date June 2007 Category Biomechanics biochem stub de Cometabolismus et Kometabolism ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE C sub 6 sub H sub 12 sub The molecular formula C sub 6 sub H sub 12 sub may refer to Cyclohexane Hexene s 1 Hexene Methylcyclopentane 4 Methyl 1 pentene MolFormDisambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages fr C6H12 it C6H12 nl C6H12 zh C6H12 ... more details
The molecular formula C sub 6 sub H sub 13 sub N molar mass 99.17 g mol may refer to Azepane , a heterocycle Cyclohexylamine , an amine derived from cyclohexane MolFormDisambig C sub 6 sub H sub 13 sub N sr C6H13N ... more details
Chembox ImageFile Spirodecane ifa.png ImageSize 100px IUPACName spiro 4.5 decane OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 176 63 6 PubChem 135982 ChemSpiderID 119760 SMILES C2CCC1 CCCCC1 C2 InChI InChI 1S C10H18 c1 2 6 10 7 3 1 8 4 5 9 10 h1 9H2 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 10 sub H sub 18 sub MolarMass 138.25 g mol Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Spirodecane is a chemical compound . It features a cyclohexane ring bound directly to a cyclopentane ring. Azaspirodecane is an structural analogue analogue in which the cyclohexane group has been replaced with a piperidine . See also Azaspirodecane organic compound stub Category Spiro compounds fa ... more details
In solid state physics , an orientational glass is a molecular solid in which crystal line order and disorder physics long range order coexists with quenched disorder in some rotational degree of freedom. An orientational glass is either obtained by quenching a plastic crystal , e.g. cyclohexane . Or it is a mixed crystal in which positional disorder causes additional disorder of molecular orientations, e.g. CN orientations in KCN KBr. Category Condensed matter physics Category Crystallography Condensedmatter stub ... more details
orphan date January 2011 Asteranes are members of a series of cage hydrocarbons that feature the boat conformation of cyclohexane as a defining structural element. ref Henning Hopf, Classics in Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Wiley VCH, New York, 2000, pages 34 37, ISBN 978 3527296064. ref They can be considered as homologues of the prismanes in which each edge has been replaced by a bridging methylene group . References reflist Category Hydrocarbons ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Carbon rings are rings of carbon atom s. Rings of five and six carbons are by far the most common, as they allow bond angle s close to the ideal angle of 109.5 . Rings of three and four are possible, but with chemical bond bond angles of 60 and 90 , they have a larger ring strain and are unstable. Ring strain decreases with an increasing number of carbon atoms until cyclohexane , which is a six membered ring. After cyclohexane, ring strain increases again until cyclotetradecane , with 14 carbon atoms. Ring strain starts to decrease again, but slowly very large rings have little ring strain, as they are almost linear. Compounds such as cycloalkene s or benzene , or the non benzenoid aromatic tropone , have a single carbon ring rings can also be joined, with some atoms being a part of more than one ring. Naphthalene is the simplest such multi ringed hydrocarbon, having the structure of two fused benzene rings. DEFAULTSORT Carbon Ring Category Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbon stub ... more details
no such interaction so it is more stable. Disubstituted cyclohexanes Main Cyclohexane conformation Cyclohexanes could also have more than one methyl branch. Disubstituted cyclohexane, or also known as dimethylcyclohexane has two methyl branches. Unlike the monosubstituted cyclohexane, there are several ... carbons of the cyclohexane, with one of them axial and the other equatorial, there would be a gauche ... and the other equatorial. It would have the same total strain energy as the monosubstituted cyclohexane ... more details
File Ring Flip.png 450px right thumb Ring Flip Ring flipping also known as ring inversion or ring reversal is a phenomenon involving the interconversion by rotation about single chemical bond bonds of cyclic conformer s having equivalent ring shapes but not necessarily equivalent Three dimensional space spatial positions of substituent atom s. The six membered ring of the alkane , cyclohexane , has the chair as its preferred conformation and through proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance NMR it would be expected that the produced spectrum would show the different sorts of protons axial and equatorial resonating at different frequency frequencies , and so two Wiktionary signal signals would be seen, due to the protons being in slightly different chemical environments. However, only one signal can be seen as the two isomers are rapidly interconverting. This also occurs with monosubstituted cyclohexanes. This changes with the use of low temperature , as the two isomers visible interconvert much more slowly than at room temperature. When cyclohexane undergoes a ring inversion, all axial bonds become equatorial, or vice versa. The half chair conformation is the energy maximum when proceeding from the chair to the twisted boat conformation. The true boat conformation is the energy maximum for the interchanging of the two mirror image twist boat conformers, the second of which is converted to the other chair confirmation through another half chair. However, the chemical reactivity chemistry reactivity of cyclohexane, is inconsistent with two types of hydrogens in a stable form of the molecule for example, there is only one monochlorocyclohexane, not two, as would be predicted if axial and equatorial hydrogens could be replaced independently , but this is due to the presence of rapid ring inversion as explained above. In substituted cyclohexanes, electrostatic repulsion steric repulsion can be minimised by the substituents occupying positions along the equatorial Plane mathemati ... more details
wiktionary conformation conformational conformations Conformation generally means structural arrangement and may refer to Conformational isomerism , a form of stereoisomerism in chemistry Carbohydrate conformation Cyclohexane conformation Protein conformation Conformation activity relationship between the biological activity and the conformation or conformational changes of a biomolecule Animal breeding Equine conformation evaluates the degree of correctness of a horse s bone structure, musculature, and its body proportions Conformation dog to a particular dog breed Conformation show , a dog show in which dogs are judged according to how well they conform to the established breed type See also Conformable Conformal disambiguation Conformality Conformance disambiguation Conformer Confirmation Conformity disambig ar fa ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 NMVOC is the abbreviation for non methane volatile organic compounds. It is a generic term for a large variety of chemically different compounds, like for example, benzene , ethanol , formaldehyde , cyclohexane , 1,1,1 Trichloroethane 1,1,1 trichloroethane or acetone . Essentially, NMVOCs are identical to volatile organic compounds VOC s, but with methane excluded. Sometimes NMVOC is also used as a sum parameter for emissions, where all NMVOC emissions are added up per weight into one figure. In absence of more detailed data, this can be a very coarse parameter for pollution, e.g. for summer smog or indoor air pollution . DEFAULTSORT Nmvoc Sustainability stub Chemistry stub Category Solvents Category Smog ... more details
Chembox ImageFile Glutarimide ifa.png ImageSize IUPACName piperidine 2,6 dione OtherNames 2,6 diket opiperidi ne Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 1121 89 7 PubChem 70726 ChemSpiderID 63891 SMILES O C1NC O CCC1 InChI InChI 1S C5H7NO2 c7 4 2 1 3 5 8 6 4 h1 3H2, H,6,7,8 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 5 sub H sub 7 sub NO sub 2 sub MolarMass 113.11 g mol Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Glutarimide is a chemical compound featuring a piperidine functional group ring with two ketone s attached next to the nitrogen . It is a structural component of cycloheximide , a very potent inhibitor of protein synthesis. See also Piperidine Cyclohexane Imide Ketone organic compound stub Category Glutarimides fr Glutarimide ... more details
distinguish caprolactam chembox ImageFile1 Structure of cyclohexanone oxime.png ImageSize1 100px IUPACName OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref CASNo 100 64 1 PubChem ChEMBL Ref ChEMBL 103371714 SMILES C1CCC NO CC1 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 6 sub H sub 11 sub NO MolarMass 113.16 g mol Appearance Gray crystals Density MeltingPt 88 91 C BoilingPt 204 206 C Solubility insoluble Section3 Chembox Hazards EUClass Not available FlashPt 110 C Autoignition SPhrases S24 25 ExternalMSDS Cyclohexanone oxime is an organic compound containing the functional group oxime . This compound is usually not isolated as a pure compound as it is unstable when pure. However, it is an important intermediate in the production of nylon 6 , a widely used polymer . It should not be confused with caprolactam , which is an isomer of the compound. Preparation Cyclohexanone oxime can be prepared from the condensation reaction between cyclohexanone and hydroxylamine , in the presence of an acid catalyst. Alternatively, another industrial route involves the reaction of cyclohexane with nitrosyl chloride , which is a free radical free radical reaction . This method is advantageous as cyclohexane is much cheaper than cyclohexanone. Reaction The most famous and important reaction is that cyclohexanone oxime undergoes Beckmann rearrangement when heated with an acid catalyst, yielding caprolactam File Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime.png none 300px As the compound contains the oxime group, it undergoes usual reactions of an oxime. For example, reducing cyclohexanone oxime by sodium amalgam gives cyclohexylamine . It can also be hydrolyzed with acetic acid to give cyclohexanone again. Category Lactams Category Monomers Category Azepanes organic compound stub ... more details
refimprove date January 2012 Psychotropic alkylamines are alkylamines that share the critical property of not containing an aromatic nucleus, but are still biologically active. While many of these molecules are stimulants some of them natural , others are antiviral, have competitive NMDA antagonist activity, or are nicotinic receptor antagonists. class wikitable Compound Core Other N Substituent Pharmacology Neramexane Cyclohexyl 1,3,3,5,5 Pentamethyl 1 NH2 NMDA antagonist Amantadine adamantane 1 NH2 Antiviral drug antiviral , NMDA antagonist, catecholamine releaser, cholinergic Memantine 3,5 DiMe NMDA antagonist Rimantadine CH3CH NH2 Antiviral drug antiviral Cyclopentamine cyclopentane n propyl 2 NHMe Sympathomimetic vasoconstrictor Propylhexedrine cyclohexane Methylhexanamine n hexane 4 methyl 2 NH2 Tuaminoheptane n heptane 2 NH2 Octodrine 6 methyl Mecamylamine norbornane 1 exo 2,2 trimethyl 1 endo NHMe nicotinic antagonist Alkenylamines Isometheptene Alkanolamines Heptaminol Category Amines pharm stub ... more details
molecular strain Image Cyclohexane and methylcyclopentane.png thumb left upright 1.4 alt Images of cyclohexane and methylcyclopentane. Images of cyclohexane and methylcyclopentane. The standard enthalpy ... be attributed to strain. For example, H sub f sub sup o sup for cyclohexane is 29.9 kcal mol while ... Despite having the same atoms and number of bonds, methylcyclopentane is higher in energy than cyclohexane ... is absent in cyclohexane. Experimentally, strain energy is often determined using heat of combustion ... name Anslyn 1,3 diaxial strain Main Cyclohexane conformation 1,3 diaxial strain is another form of strain ... of a cyclohexane ring and a hydrogen at the Arene substitution patterns meta position. When the substituent is cyclohexane conformation axial , it is brought near to an axial meta hydrogen ... 11 11.3 5 6.2 12 4.1 6 0.1 13 5.2 7 6.2 14 1.9 8 9.7 15 1.9 9 12.6 16 2.0 Small Rings Cyclohexane is considered ... rings between 7 13 carbons experience more strain energy than cyclohexane. This transannular strain ... more details
of A values can be generalized for use outside of cyclohexane conformations. A values can ... found in this conformation of ethyl cyclohexane, which amounts to approximately 2.7 kcal mol ... pos.jpg thumb 350px center Possible axial conformations of ethyl cyclohexane. image eq pos.jpg thumb 500px center Possible equatorial conformations of ethyl cyclohexane. Due to the larger number of possible conformations of ethyl cyclohexane, the A value is reduced from what would be predicted based ... substituents are equatorial Limitations A Values are measured using a mono substituted cyclohexane ... more details
of butane gallery Cyclohexane conformations Certain conformations of cyclohexane and other small ring compounds can be shown using a standard convention. For example, the standard Cyclohexane conformation Chair conformation chair conformation of cyclohexane involves a perspective view from slightly above the average plane of the carbon atoms and indicates clearly which groups are Cyclohexane conformation Chair conformation axial and which are Cyclohexane conformation Chair conformation equatorial ... more details
wiktionary chair The term chair has a number of possible meanings Chair , piece of furniture Chair, type of carriage , also called riding chair Electric chair , execution device often known as just the chair Orchestra , musician s seating position Chair railway , a block supporting a rail on a sleeper Chair conformation , molecular structure of cyclohexane Chair acrobatics , various balancing circus skills The Chair game show , TV show hosted by John McEnroe Chair Entertainment , Aka. ChAIR, a video game developer based in Provo, Utah The Chairs , play by Eug ne Ionesco Chair Polish academic department a division of a university faculty devoted to a particular academic discipline The Chair Aintree Racecourse , a fence at Aintree Racecource that is best known for its use in the Grand National horse race Position Chair academic a professorship in a university The Master of Ceremonies is referred to as the Chair in some organizations List of Rival Schools characters Chairperson Chairperson Rival Schools , known as nihongo Iincho Iinch in Japan, is a character from the Rival Schools series of fighting games Chairperson , is the highest officer of an organized group disambig fr Chair ro Sp tar ... more details
Wikify date January 2012 Unreferenced date December 2009 The IUPAC defines pseudorotation as a conformational change resulting in a structure that appears to have been produced by rotation of the entire initial molecule and is superimposable on the initial one, unless different positions are distinguished by substitution or isotopic labeling. No angular momentum is generated by this motion this is the reason for the term. Formally it refers to symmetrical molecules, although the mechanism is invoked for low symmetry species also. A small displacement of the atomic positions leads to a loss of symmetry until the symmetric product forms. Although not formally required, pseudorotation normally involves displacements along low energy pathways. MX sub 5 sub compounds Main Berry mechanism The Berry mechanism refers to the facile interconversion of axial and equatorial ligand in MX sub 5 sub compounds, e.g. D3 sub h sub symmetric PF sub 5 sub Image Iron pentacarbonyl Berry mechanism.png center 550px Pseudorotation of Iron Pentacarbonyl Complex Berry mechanism Cycloalkanes Main Cyclohexane conformation The structural dynamics of cycloalkanes can be described as pseudorotations. Category Chemical bonding Category Stereochemistry Chemistry stub de Pseudorotation es Pseudorrotaci n fr Pseudorotation de Berry ... more details
Hexachlorocyclohexane HCH is a six chlorine substituted cyclohexane , a polyhalogenated compound . It comes in many forms. Some are pesticides. Common forms are HCH CAS registry number CAS RN CAS 319 84 6 , or BCH , alpha Hexachlorocyclohexane HCH CAS RN CAS 319 85 7 , or BCH , beta Hexachlorocyclohexane HCH CAS RN CAS 58 89 9 , or BCH , gamma Hexachlorocyclohexane, or Lindane HCH CAS RN CAS 319 86 8 , or BCH , delta Hexachlorocyclohexane t HCH CAS RN CAS 608 73 1 , or t BCH , technical hexachlorocyclohexane gallery File Alpha hexachlorocyclohexane.svg alpha Hexachlorocyclohexane hexachlorocyclohexane , the dextrorotatory enantiomer . File Alpha hexachlorocyclohexane.svg alpha Hexachlorocyclohexane hexachlorocyclohexane , the levorotatory enantiomer . File Beta hexachlorocyclohexane.svg beta Hexachlorocyclohexane hexachlorocyclohexane . File Gamma hexachlorocyclohexane.svg gamma Hexachlorocyclohexane hexachlorocyclohexane . File Delta hexachlorocyclohexane.svg delta Hexachlorocyclohexane hexachlorocyclohexane . File Epsilon hexachlorocyclohexane.svg epsilon Hexachlorocyclohexane hexachlorocyclohexane . File Zeta hexachlorocyclohexane.svg zeta Hexachlorocyclohexane hexachlorocyclohexane . File Eta hexachlorocyclohexane.svg eta Hexachlorocyclohexane hexachlorocyclohexane . File Theta hexachlorocyclohexane.svg theta Hexachlorocyclohexane hexachlorocyclohexane . gallery organohalide stub Category Pesticides Category Persistent organic pollutants Category Organochlorides de Hexachlorcyclohexan es Hexaclorociclohexano eo Heksaklor cikloheksano it Esaclorocicloesano ja pt Hexaclorocicloexano ru zh ... more details
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