Image Zeatin.png thumb right 122px The cytokinin zeatin is named after the genus of corn, Teosinte Zea ... Tribute to Folke Skoog Recent Advances in our Understanding of Cytokinin Biology journal J. Plant ... JR, Leisner SM, Chang CC title Localization of cytokinin biosynthetic sites in pea plants and carrot ... have been found in plants. ref cite journal author Mok DW, Mok MC title Cytokinin Metabolism ... The ratio of auxin to cytokinin plays an important role in the effect of cytokinin on plant growth. Cytokinin alone has no effect on parenchyma cells. When cultured with auxin but no cytokinin, they grow large but do not divide. When cytokinin is added, the cells expand and differentiate. When cytokinin ... cell biology callus . More cytokinin induces growth of shoot buds, while more auxin induces root formation .... The direct inhibition hypothesis posits that these effects result from the cytokinin to auxin ratio .... This promotes shoot growth, and restricts lateral branching. Cytokinin moves from the roots into the shoots ... cytokinin action in Vascular plant vascular plants is described as pleiotropic , this class of plant ... of a specific single cell, and thus is a very specific effect of cytokinin. ref cite journal ... leaves remained mostly green. It was hypothesized that cytokinin may affect enzymes that regulate ... RC, Lea PJ, Quick WP title Regulation of Leaf Senescence by Cytokinin, Sugars, and Light journal Plant ... journal author Hwang I, Sakakibara H title Cytokinin biosynthesis and perception journal Physiologia ... rate limiting step in cytokinin biosynthesis. DMAPP and HMBDP used in cytokinin biosynthesis are produced ... author Miyawaki K, Matsumoto Kitano M, Kakimoto T title Expression of cytokinin biosynthetic isopentenyltransferase genes in Arabidopsis tissue specificity and regulation by auxin, cytokinin, and nitrate ... adenosine adjacent to the anticodon release on degradation the adenosine as a cytokinin. ref ... tRNA isopentenyltransferase . ref name ipts Auxin is known to regulate the biosynthesis of cytokinin ... more details
enzyme Name cytokinin dehydrogenase EC number 1.5.99.12 CAS number IUBMB EC number 1 5 99 12 GO code 0019139 image width caption In enzymology , a cytokinin dehydrogenase EC number 1.5.99.12 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction N sub 6 sub dimethylallyladenine acceptor H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math adenine 3 methylbut 2 enal reduced acceptor The 3 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are N6 dimethylallyladenine , Electron acceptor acceptor , and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are adenine , 3 methylbut 2 enal , and reduced acceptor . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH NH group of donors with other acceptors. The systematic name of this enzyme class is N6 dimethylallyladenine acceptor oxidoreductase . Other names in common use include N6 dimethylallyladenine acceptor oxidoreductase , 6 N dimethylallyladenine acceptor oxidoreductase , OsCKX2 , CKX , and cytokinin oxidase dehydrogenase . Structural studies As of late 2007, 6 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1W1O , PDB link 1W1Q , PDB link 1W1R , PDB link 1W1S , PDB link 2EXR , and PDB link 2Q4W . References reflist 1 cite journal author Galuszka P, Frebort I, Sebela M, Sauer P, Jacobsen S, Pec P date 2001 title Cytokinin oxidase or dehydrogenase? Mechanism of cytokinin degradation in cereals journal Eur. J. Biochem. volume 268 pages 450 461 pmid 11168382 doi 10.1046 j.1432 1033.2001.01910.x issue 2 1.5 enzyme stub Category EC 1.5.99 Category Enzymes of known structure it Citochinina deidrogenasi ja ... more details
enzyme Name cytokinin 7 beta glucosyltransferase EC number 2.4.1.118 CAS number 72103 03 8 IUBMB EC number 2 4 1 118 GO code 0047807 image width caption In enzymology , a cytokinin 7 beta glucosyltransferase EC number 2.4.1.118 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP glucose N sub 6 sub alkylaminopurine math rightleftharpoons math UDP N sub 6 sub alkylaminopurine 7 beta D glucoside Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are UDP glucose and N6 alkylaminopurine , whereas its two product chemistry products are uridine diphosphate UDP and N6 alkylaminopurine 7 beta D glucoside . This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the hexosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP glucose zeatin 7 glucosyltransferase . Other names in common use include uridine diphosphoglucose zeatin 7 glucosyltransferase , and cytokinin 7 glucosyltransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Entsch B and Letham DS date 1979 title Enzymic glucosylation of the cytokinin, 6 benzylaminopurine journal Plant Sci. Lett. volume 14 issue 2 pages 205&ndash 212 doi 10.1016 0304 4211 79 90061 0 cite journal author Entsch B, Parker CW, Letham DS, Summons RE date 1979 title Preparation and characterization, using high performance liquid chromatography, of an enzyme forming glucosides of cytokinins journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 570 pages 124&ndash 39 pmid 486500 issue 1 enzyme stub Category EC 2.4.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name adenylate dimethylallyltransferase EC number 2.5.1.27 CAS number 72840 95 0 IUBMB EC number 2 5 1 27 GO code 0009824 image width caption In enzymology , an adenylate dimethylallyltransferase EC number 2.5.1.27 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction dimethylallyl diphosphate AMP math rightleftharpoons math diphosphate N sub 6 sub dimethylallyl adenosine 5 phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are dimethylallyl diphosphate and adenosine monophosphate AMP , whereas its two product chemistry products are diphosphate and N6 dimethylallyl adenosine 5 phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring aryl or alkyl groups other than methyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is dimethylallyl diphosphate AMP dimethylallyltransferase . Other names in common use include cytokinin synthase , isopentenyltransferase , 2 isopentenyl diphosphate AMP Delta2 isopentenyltransferase , and adenylate isopentenyltransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Chen CM, Melitz DK date 1979 title Cytokinin biosynthesis in a cell free system from cytokinin autotrophic tobacco tissue cultures journal FEBS. Lett. volume 107 pages 15&ndash 20 pmid 499537 doi 10.1016 0014 5793 79 80452 4 issue 1 transferase stub Category EC 2.5.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
extract created by virulent strain. The operon codifies for genes involved in cytokinin synthesis and degradation orf 4,5,6 , in particular for an isopentenyl transferase, a cytokinin oxidase and a glutation .... It was supposed that the first three genes supply energy for the synthesis and degradation of cytokinin ... this hormone and its precursors, a proline dehydrogenase, which has its transcription induced by cytokinin .... In particular, most of the effects are connected to auxin and cytokinin, such as formation ..., delay of senescence, and inhibition of lateral roots. In fact, R. fascians can produce itself cytokinin, or cytokinin like compounds using orf4 and orf5 in the fas operon, it can stimulate infected plants to produce cytokinin, and it can produce indole 3 acetic acid itself, using a pathway starting ... full 71 3 1169 ref R.fascians can also degradate cytokinin to influence the cytokinin auxin ratio. Beside cytokinin and auxin, R. fascians acts on other hormones in particular, it can block abscisic ... more details
Image Physcomitrella Protonema.jpg thumb Protonema cells of the moss Physcomitrella patens A protonema plural protonemata is a thread like chain of cells that forms the earliest stage the haploid phase of a bryophyte life cycle. When a moss first grows from the spore , it grows as a protonema which develops into a leafy gametophore . Marchantiophyta Liverworts do not have a protonemal stage, the spores Germination germinate directly into a new Gametophyte generation. Moss spores Germination germinate to form an alga like filamentous structure called the protonema. It represents the juvenile gametophyte . While the protonema is growing by apical cell division, at some stage, under the influence of the phytohormone cytokinin , bud s are induced which grow by three faced apical cells. These give rise to gametophore s, stems and leaf like structures bryophytes do not have true leaves megaphyll . These gametophores are the adult form of the gametophyte ref Ralf Reski 1998 Developmental biology Development , genetics and molecular biology of moss es. Botanica Acta 111, 1 15. ref . Protonema are characteristic of all mosses and some liverworts but are absent from hornwort s. The protonema is also the photosynthetic part of a germinating fern spore. References reflist botany stub Category Bryophytes cs Prvokl ek de Protonema es Protonema fr Protonema pl Spl tek pt Protonema ru sv Protonema uk zh ... more details
Image Plastids types en.svg thumb Different types of plastid Etioplasts are chloroplast s that have not been exposed to light. They are usually found in flowering plants Angiosperms grown in the dark. If a plant is kept out of light for several days, its normal chloroplasts will actually convert into etioplasts. Etioplasts lack active pigment and can technically be considered leucoplast s. High concentrations of etioplasts will cause leaves to appear yellow rather than green. ref name wise cite book last Wise first Robert title The Diversity of Plastid Form and Function publisher Springer date 2007 chapter 1 url http www.springerlink.com index qp032630631337u6.pdf ref These plant organelle s contain prolamellar bodies, which are membrane aggregations of semi crystalline lattices of branched tubules that carry the precursor pigment for chlorophyll . The prolamellar bodies are often and presumed always arranged in geometric patterns. ref name wise They are converted to chloroplasts via the stimulation of chlorophyll synthesis by the plant hormone cytokinin soon after exposure to light. Thylakoid s and granum grana arise from the prolamellar bodies during this process. See also Chloroplast Chromoplast Leucoplast Amyloplast Elaioplast Proteinoplast References Reflist Category Organelles Category Plant physiology ca Etioplast de Etioplast fr tioplaste gl Etioplasto it Ezioplasto nl Etioplast pl Etioplast ru zh ... more details
A kinin is any of various structurally related polypeptides , such as bradykinin and kallikrein . They are members of the autacoid family. ref MeshName Kinins ref They act locally to induce vasodilation and contraction of smooth muscle . ref eMedicineDictionary Kinin ref ref DorlandsDict five 000056477 Kinin ref It is a component of the kinin kallikrein system . Their precursors are kininogen . ref http cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk cgi bin omd?query kinins&action Search OMD Online Medical Dictionary ref In botany , plant hormone s cytokinin s were first called kinins, but the name was changed to avoid confusion. ref Galuszka P, Sp chal L, Kope n D, Tarkowski P, Fr bortov J, ebela M and Fr bort Ivo 2008 Metabolism of plant hormones cytokinins and their function in signaling, cell differentiation and plant development in Bioactive Natural Products Edt. Atta ur Rahman http dx.doi.org 10.1016 S1572 5995 08 80028 2 ref Aspirin inhibits the activation of kallenogen by interfering with the formation of kallikrien enzyme which is essential in the process of activation. References reflist 2 External links http nic.sav.sk logos books scientific node31.html The kinin forming system at nic.sav.sk Intercellular signaling peptides and proteins Autacoids Neuropeptides Category Kinin system biochem stub ca Cinina de Kinine fr Kinine sr Kinin peptid sq Kinina sv Kininer ... more details
enzyme Name cis zeatin O beta D glucosyltransferase EC number 2.4.1.215 CAS number IUBMB EC number 2 4 1 215 GO code 0050502 image width caption In enzymology , a cis zeatin O beta D glucosyltransferase EC number 2.4.1.215 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP glucose cis zeatin math rightleftharpoons math UDP O beta D glucosyl cis zeatin Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are UDP glucose and cis zeatin , whereas its two product chemistry products are uridine diphosphate UDP and O beta D glucosyl cis zeatin . This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the hexosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP glucose cis zeatin O beta D glucosyltransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Martin RC, Mok MC, Habben JE, Mok DW date 2001 title A maize cytokinin gene encoding an O glucosyltransferase specific to cis zeatin journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. volume 98 pages 5922&ndash 6 pmid 11331778 doi 10.1073 pnas.101128798 issue 10 pmc 33314 enzyme stub Category EC 2.4.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
Image Betula pubescens Taphrina.jpg thumb 300px Witch s brooms on Downy Birch , caused by the fungus Taphrina betulina Image Witch s broom pinus strobus.jpg thumb 300px Witch s broom on a white pine. A Witch s broom is a disease or deformity in a woody plant , typically a tree , where the natural structure of the plant is changed. A dense mass of shoot s grows from a single point, with the resulting structure resembling a Broom tool broom or a bird s nest . One example of this would be cytokinin , a phytohormone , interfering with an auxin regulated bud. Usually auxin would keep the secondary, tertiary, and so on apexes from growing too much, but cytokinin releases them from this control, causing these apexes to grow into witch s brooms. Witch s broom growths last for many years and can be caused by many different types of organisms, such as fungus fungi , oomycete oomycetes , insect s, mistletoe , dwarf mistletoe s, mite s, nematode s, phytoplasma s and virus es. ref name AA Book of the British Countryside . Pub. London Drive Publications, 1973 . p. 519. ref Human activity is sometimes behind the introduction of these organisms for example when a person prunes a tree improperly, leaving the tree susceptible to disease. Witch s brooms occasionally result in desirable changes. Some cultivars of trees, such as Picea orientalis Tom Thumb Gold , were discovered as witch s brooms. If twigs of witches brooms are grafted onto normal rootstocks, freak trees result, showing that the attacking organism has changed the inherited growth pattern of the twigs. ref name AA Witch s brooms are used by various animals for nesting including the northern flying squirrel . ref http www.adfg.state.ak.us pubs notebook furbear nfsquirl.php ref See also Witch s Broom Nebula Moniliophthora perniciosa , cause of Witch s broom disease in cacao Epicormic shoot , shoots that develop from buds under the bark Adventitiousness , shoots that develop in unusual places In Toronto , the term witch s br ... more details
wiktionary CK .ck CK , Ck , or ck may refer to Biochemistry Creatine kinase Cytokinin , a kind of plant hormone Cytokeratin People known by the initials CK Prahalad , a professor at the University of Michigan Ross School of Business Louis C.K. Chaka Khan , American singer and songwriter Carrie Kelley , the first published female Robin Other seealso C K theory Ck digraph .ck , the Internet country code top level domain for the Cook Islands CK album CK album , 1998 album by Chaka Khan Calvin Klein Candidate key Chaka Khan 1982 album Chaka Khan 1982 album , Chaka Khan s self titled album Chairman King or Circus King , bosses in Okage video games Certified Kinesiologist , Chevrolet C K , car companies Chevrolet and GMC s full size Pickup truck line from 1960 until 1998 China Cargo Airlines s IATA code Citizen Kane Civilinis kodeksas , Code of Lithuania Composite Corridor , a designation of British Rail carriage Con Kolivas , the Linux Kernel developer Conductive keratoplasty Core Knowledge , a textbook series Corner kick Corner Kick , a method of restarting play in a game of association football Cranbrook Kingswood , a Bloomfield Hills school Crusader Kings video game , a grand strategy game made by Paradox Interactive Crip Killer, a member of the Bloods street gang Cyanogen chloride disambiguation cs CK de CK eo Ck fa CK fr CK ko CK it CK sw CK lv CK lt CK reik m s nl Ck ja CK no CK pl CK ro CK sl CK fi Ck sv CK zh CK ... more details
enzyme Name zeatin 9 aminocarboxyethyltransferase EC number 2.5.1.50 CAS number 62683 23 2 IUBMB EC number 2 5 1 50 GO code 0050447 image width caption In enzymology , a zeatin 9 aminocarboxyethyltransferase EC number 2.5.1.50 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction O acetyl L serine zeatin math rightleftharpoons math lupinate acetate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are O acetyl L serine and zeatin , whereas its two product chemistry products are lupinate and acetate . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring aryl or alkyl groups other than methyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is O3 acetyl L serine zeatin 2 amino 2 carboxyethyltransferase . Other names in common use include beta 9 cytokinin alanine synthase , beta 9 cytokinin alanine synthase , O acetyl L serine acetate lyase adding N6 substituted adenine , lupinate synthetase , lupinic acid synthase , lupinic acid synthetase , and 3 O acetyl L serine zeatin 2 amino 2 carboxyethyltransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Entsch B, Parker CW and Letham DS date 1983 title An enzyme from lupin seeds forming alanine derivatives of cytokinins journal Phytochemistry journal Phytochemistry volume 22 pages 375&ndash 381 doi 10.1016 0031 9422 83 83008 8 issue 2 cite journal author Mok DWS and Mok MC date 2001 title Cytokinin metabolism and action journal Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. volume 52 pages 89&ndash 118 doi 10.1146 annurev.arplant.52.1.89 pmid 11337393 Category EC 2.5.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure transferase stub ... more details
Apricot Cultivars. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology. Plant. 37 2 250 254 ref the use of cytokinin meta topolin 6 3 Hydroxybenzylamino purine , combination of lower cytokinin content and ammonium ... more details
hormones auxin and cytokinin and possibly salicylic acid in addition . This causes even more ethylene ... to cell division the theory, perhaps even more controversially, asserts that just as both auxin and cytokinin ... alone are needed for programmed cell senescence, but that all three are needed. Similarly, auxin and cytokinin ... more details
story date March 2012 chembox verifiedrevid 443913177 ImageFile Kinetin.png ImageSize 90 IUPACName N sup 6 sup furfuryladenine OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII P39Y9652YJ SMILES CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 525 79 1 RTECS AU6270000 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 10 sub H sub 9 sub N sub 5 sub O MolarMass 215.21 g mol Appearance off white amorphous powder Density Solubility MeltingPt 269 to 271 C decomposes BoilingPt decomposes pKa pKb Viscosity Section3 Chembox Structure CrystalStruct Cubic crystal system cubic Dipole Section7 Chembox Hazards ExternalMSDS MainHazards FlashPt RPhrases SPhrases S22 S24 25 Section8 Chembox Related Function OtherFunctn cytokinin Kinetin is a kind of cytokinin , a class of plant hormone that promotes cell division . Kinetin was originally isolated by Carlos Miller Miller ref cite web url http www.indiana.edu bioweb about history biographies Miller Carlos retirement.pdf title Carlos O. Miller first Dale last Schwartz format pdf accessdate 15 November 2011 ref and Folke K. Skoog Skoog et al. ref name Amasino2005 cite doi 10.1104 pp.104.900160 ref as a compound from autoclaved herring sperm DNA that had cell division promoting activity. It was given the name kinetin because of its ability to induce cell division , provided that auxin was present in the medium. The story of the discovery of kinetin ref name Amasino2005 is a fascinating example of the twists and turns of scientific discovery. Kinetin is often used in plant tissue culture for inducing formation of Callus cell biology callus in conjunction with auxin and to regenerate shoot tissues from callus with lower auxin concentration . For a long time, it was believed that kinetin was an artifact produced from the deoxyadenosine residues in DNA , which degrade on standing for long periods or when heated during the isolation procedure. Therefore, it was thought that kinetin does not occur naturally, but, since 1996, it has been sh ... more details
Image Ti plasmid.svg thumb 350px right Ti plasmid with T DNA region The transfer DNA abbreviated T DNA is the transferred deoxyribonucleic acid DNA of the Ti plasmid tumor inducing Ti plasmid of some species of bacteria such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes . It derives its name from the fact that the bacterium transfers this DNA fragment into the host plant s cell nucleus nuclear DNA genome . The T DNA is bordered by 25 base pair repeats on each end. Transfer is initiated at the left border and terminated at the right border and requires the vir genes of the Ti plasmid. The bacterial T DNA is about 20,000 base pairs long and contains gene s that code for enzyme s synthesizing opines and phytohormone s. By transferring the T DNA into the plant genome, the bacterium essentially reprograms the plant cells to grow into a tumor and produce a unique food source for the bacteria. The synthesis of the plant hormones auxin and cytokinin enables the plant cell to grow uncontrollably, thus forming the crown gall tumor s typically induced by Agrobacterium infection. The opines are amino acid derivatives used by the bacterium as a source of carbon and energy. T DNA transformation Agrobacterium mediated T DNA transfer is widely used as a tool in biotechnology . In genetic engineering , the tumor promoting and opine synthesis genes are removed from the T DNA and replaced with a gene of interest and or a selection marker, this is required so that it is possible to establish which plants have been successfully transformed. Examples of selection markers include neomycin phosphotransferase , hygromycin B phosphotransferase which both phosphorylate antibiotics and phosphinothricin acetyltransferase which acetylates and deactivates phosphinothricin , a potent inhibitor of glutamine synthetase . Agrobacterium is then used as a vector to transfer the engineered T DNA into the plant cells where it integrates into the plant genome. This method can be used to genera ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Image keiki blossom.jpg thumb right Regular Keiki in flower on Phalaenopsis mother plant Image keiki.jpg thumb right Regular Keikis on Phalaenopsis mother plant Keiki pronounced kay key is the Hawaiian language Hawaiian word for baby or child , literally meaning the little one . In horticulture , it refers to a plant produced Asexual reproduction asexually by an orchid plant, usually used when referring to Dendrobium , Epidendrum sensu latu , and Phalaenopsis orchids. The baby plant is an exact cloning clone of the mother plant, sometimes flowering while still attached to the mother plant. On a Phalaenopsis, a keiki is a small plant growing from one Node botany node along the flower stem. On a Dendrobium, the keiki is typically found sprouting along the length of the cane or from the end of the cane. This is induced by the accumulation of growth hormones at that point, either naturally, or by the application of keiki paste. Hormone paste Keiki paste is a cytokinin hormone which induces growth in the node of a Phalaenopsis inflorescence . It should not be confused with paste or powder containing auxin s, which are used to force the production of roots. Nodes on Phalaenopsis spikes will form either vegetative growth keiki or floral growth a branch with flower buds . If the node tissue is already differentiated so that it will become a floral branch, there is no way to change the result. The trick is to get the paste onto the node before it is differentiated. However, there is no way to predict if an undifferentiated node will become a keiki or a floral branch. Removing Keikis If a new plant is desired, the keiki should be left on the mother plant until it develops a healthy root system and have two or three leaves for a Phalaenopsis or canes Dendrobium . At this point, it can be carefully removed with a sharp knife and planted in its own pot. Keikis are cut below and above the stem, leaving a small piece of stem on the baby plant. A sep ... more details
Gellan gum is a water soluble polysaccharide produced by Pseudomonas elodea , a bacterium . Chemical structure The repeating unit of the polymer is a tetrasaccharide, which consists of two residues of D glucose and one of each residues of L rhamnose and D glucuronic acid . The tetrasacharide repeat has the following structure br D Glc 1 4 D GlcA 1 4 D Glc 1 4 L Rha 1 3 sub n sub . As it is evident from the formula, the tetrasacharide units are connected by 1 3 glycosidic bonds. Microbiological gelling agent Gellan gum, also branded by few suppliers as AppliedGel , Phytagel or Gelrite , is used primarily as a gelling agent, alternative to agar , in microbiological culture. It is able to withstand 120 C heat, making it especially useful in culturing thermophilic organisms. One needs only approximately half the amount of gellan gum as agar to reach an equivalent gel strength, though the exact texture and quality depends on the concentration of divalent cations present. Gellan gum is used as gelling agent in plant cell culture on Petri dish es, as it provides a very clear gel, facilitating Optical microscopy light microscopical analyses of the cell biology cells and tissue biology tissues . Although advertised as being inert , experiments with the moss Physcomitrella patens have shown that choice of the gelling agent agar or Gelrite does influence phytohormone sensitivity of the plant cell culture. ref Birgit Hadeler, Sirkka Scholz, Ralf Reski 1995 Gelrite and agar differently influence cytokinin sensitivity of a moss. Journal of Plant Physiology 146, 369 371 ref Food science As a food additive , gellan gum is used as a thickener , emulsifier , and Food additive Categories stabilizer . It has E number E418. It was an integral part of the now defunct Orbitz drink Orbitz soft drink. It is used in soya milks to keep the soy protein suspended in the milk. ref http www.thefreelibrary.com CP Kelco Introduces KELCOGEL HS B Gellan Gum a0129017038 ref See also Welan gum Ref ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 439270934 ImageFile Zeatin.png ImageSize 150px IUPACName E 2 methyl 4 7H purin 6 ylamino but 2 en 1 ol OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 1637 39 4 PubChem 449093 SMILES CC CCNC1 NC NC2 C1NC N2 CO PubChem 449093 ChemSpiderID 395716 InChI 1 C10H13N5O c1 7 4 16 2 3 11 9 8 10 13 5 12 8 15 6 14 9 h2,5 6,16H,3 4H2,1H3, H2,11,12,13,14,15 b7 2 InChIKey UZKQTCBAMSWPJD FARCUNLSBM StdInChI 1S C10H13N5O c1 7 4 16 2 3 11 9 8 10 13 5 12 8 15 6 14 9 h2,5 6,16H,3 4H2,1H3, H2,11,12,13,14,15 b7 2 StdInChIKey UZKQTCBAMSWPJD FARCUNLSSA N Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 10 sub H sub 13 sub N sub 5 sub O MolarMass 219.24312 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Zeatin is a plant hormone derived from the purine adenine . It is a member of the plant growth hormone family known as cytokinin s. Zeatin was first discovered in immature corn kernels from the genus Zea . Zeatin and derivatives were discovered to be the primary active ingredient in coconut milk , which has long been known to actively induce plant growth. ref cite book title Cytokinins Chemistry, Activity, and Function author David W. S. Mok, Machteld C. Mok page 8 publisher CRC Press isbn 0 8493 6252 0 year 1994 http books.google.co.uk books?id yov7iUL7OTAC&pg PA8&lpg PA8&dq coconut milk kinetin&source web&ots 0ax4iMHxuj&sig uGWqUnvbkFJWQqEEPblErEqwFEM&hl en available from Google books ref As in the case of kinetin , zeatin has been reported to have several in vitro anti aging effects on human skin fibroblasts. ref cite journal author Rattan, S.I.S. and Sodagam, L. title Gerontomodulatory and youth preserving effects of zeatin on human skin fibroblasts undergoing aging in vitro journal Rejuvenation Research volume 8 pages 46 57 year 2005 doi 10.1089 rej.2005.8.46 pmid 15798374 issue 1 ref Promotes growth of lateral buds and Stimulates cell division Lateral Dominance for Bushier Plants if ... more details
to, other plant hormones. For example, the ratio of auxin to cytokinin in certain plant ... by Agrobacterium tumefaciens bacteria they produce and excrete auxin and cytokinin , which interfere ... and cytokinin are applied to callus , rooting can be generated if the auxin concentration is higher than cytokinin concentration. Xylem tissues can be generated when the auxin concentration is equal ... more details
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