- Cytoplasm
Image biological cell.svg thumb right 300px Schematic showing the cytoplasm, with major components of a typical animal cell organelle s br 1 nucleolus br 2 cell nucleus br 3 ribosomes indicated by purple dots br 4 vesicle biology vesicle br 5 rough endoplasmic reticulum ER br 6 Golgi apparatus br 7 cytoskeleton br 8 smooth ER br 9 mitochondrion mitochondria br 10 vacuole br 11 cytosol br 12 lysosome br 13 centriole s within centrosome The cytoplasm is the gel like substance residing between the cell membrane holding all the cell biology cell s internal sub structures called organelle s , except for the cell nucleus nucleus . All the contents of the cells of prokaryote organisms which lack a cell nucleus are contained within the cytoplasm. Within the cells of eukaryote organisms the contents of the cell nucleus are separated from the cytoplasm, and are then called the nucleoplasm . The cytoplasm is about 80 water and usually transparent. It is within the cytoplasm that most cellular activities occur, such as many metabolic pathway s including glycolysis , and processes such as cell division . The inner, granular mass is called the endoplasm and the outer, clear and glassy layer is called the cell cortex or the ectoplasm cell biology ectoplasm . The part of the cytoplasm that its not held ... interact with each other. Movement of calcium ions in and out of the cytoplasm is thought ... Council for Science and the Environment. ref Constituents The cytoplasm has three major elements the cytosol, organelles and inclusions. Cytosol main Cytosol The cytosol is the portion of the cytoplasm ... animals cytoplasm Cytoplasm Composition ref The cytoplasm also contains the protein filament s that make ... y ref The inner, granular and more fluid portion of the cytoplasm is referred to as endoplasm. Image ... of cytoplasm volume, viscosity, diffusion, intracellular surface area. Int Rev Cytol. 2000 192 189 ... ro Citoplasm ru sq Citoplazma simple Cytoplasm sk Cytoplazma sl Citoplazma sr ... more details
|
- Cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting
Wikify date January 2012 Cytoplasm to vacuole targeting Cvt is a autophagy related pathway in yeast. Under vegetative conditions it delivers hydrolases, such as Ape1, to the vacuole. ref cite web title The Cvt pathway as a model for selective autophagy url http www.sciencedirect.com science article pii S0014579310001079 work FEBS Letters accessdate 4 January 2012 ref ref cite web title The molecular machinery of autophagy unanswered questions url http jcs.biologists.org content 118 1 7.full F1 work Journal of Cell Science ref References reflist Category Cellular processes ... more details
|
- Endoplasm
Wiktionary endoplasm Endoplasm generally refers to the inner often granulated part of a cell s cytoplasm . This is opposed to the ectoplasm cell biology ectoplasm which is the outer non granulated layer of the cytoplasm . References Unreferenced date November 2009 organelles Category Cell anatomy ca Endoplasma de Endoplasma es Endoplasma fr Endoplasme it Endoplasma pt Endoplasma ... more details
|
- Heterokaryotic
Heterokaryotic adj. refers to cell biology cells where two or more genetically different Cell nucleus nuclei share one common cytoplasm . It is the antonym of homokaryotic . This stage after Plasmogamy, the fusion of the cytoplasm,a and before Karyogamy, the fusion of the nuclei. It is neither 1n or 2n. It is in the sexual reproductive cycle. See also Heterokaryon Category Cell biology Cell biology stub ... more details
|
- Homokaryotic
Homokaryotic adj. refers to multinucleate cells multiple nuclei share one common cytoplasm as it is found in hyphal cells or mycelium of filamentous fungi where all Cell nucleus nuclei are genetically identical. It is the antonym of heterokaryotic . Category Cell biology Cell biology stub ... more details
|
- Hua-Enhancer1
Hua Enhancer1 HE1 is a Methyltransferase RNA methyltransferase protein that plays a role in the maturation of microRNA miRNA in plants. HE1 methylates the 3 overhangs of miRNA miRNA duplexes before they are exported out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm. protein stub Category EC 2.1 ... more details
|
- Ectoplasm (cell biology)
Other uses Ectoplasm disambiguation Ectoplasm Ectoplasm refers to the outer, non granule cell biology granulated part of a cell s cytoplasm . This is opposed to the endoplasm which is the inner layer of the cytoplasm , and often is granulated. It is clear, and protects as well as transports things within the cell. ref http www.biologycorner.com worksheets paramecium color.html ref Moreover, large numbers of actin filaments frequently occur in the ectoplasm, to form an elastic support for the cell membrane . ref name Guyton & Hall cite book title Textbook of Medical Physiology, Eleventh Edition author Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall publisher Saunders publisher Saunders accessdate 2007 10 18 ref See also Cytoplasm Endoplasm References Reflist Category Cell anatomy organelles cell biology stub ca Ectoplasma da Ektoplasma de Ektoplasma es Ectoplasma fr Ectoplasme biologie it Ectoplasma biologia nl Ectoplasma celbiologie pl Ektoplazma biologia kom rki pt Ectoplasma citologia ru sv Ektoplasma cellbiologi uk ... more details
|
- Cytoplast
Unreferenced date December 2009 Dablink For the Magic The Gathering creature, see Creatures of Magic The Gathering Cytroplast Cytoplast , in cell biology, is the inner part of the cell biology cell without cell wall and plasma membrane . It includes cytoskeleton , organelles and cytosol . See also Protoplast Cytoplasm Category Cell biology it Citoplasto ... more details
|
- Gamna?Favre bodies
Gamna Favre bodies are large, Cytoplasm intracytoplasmic basophilic inclusion bodies seen in Endothelium endothelial cells in patients with lymphogranuloma venereum . They are named after Carlos Gamna and Maurice Favre . External links WhoNamedIt synd 3203 Gamna Favre bodies med stub Category Histology ... more details
|
- Ghost cell
unreferenced date February 2010 A ghost cell is an enlarged eosinophilic epithelial cell with eosinophilic cytoplasm but without a nucleus. They are found in Craniopharyngioma Rathke pouch Odontoma Ameloblastic fibroma Calcifying odontogenic cyst Gorlin cyst pilomatricoma Ghost cells are also found in stools in cases of BACILLARY DYSENTRY Category Histology anatomy stub ... more details
|
- Immunoblast
Orphan date October 2008 An immunoblast is a lymphocyte that has been activated by an antigen, which will further undergo clonal expansion to increase the number of lymphocytes capable of binding to that antigen . Immunoblasts are the most immature members of the protective cells involved in an immune response . Activated B cells may differentiate into memory cells or plasma cells, while activated T cells may differentiate into memory cells or effector cells that aid in the immune response. Histology The majority of lymphocytes are small and have a thin rim of cytoplasm, 6 9 m in diameter, about the same size as erythrocytes diameter 7.5 m . Large lymphocytes 12 18 m in diameter are probably activated, i.e. immunoblasts, with a paler and wider rim of cytoplasm and are often mistaken for monocytes . Category Lymphocytes ... more details
|
- Transporter reversal
Transporter reversal is the action of reversing a plasmalemmal membrane transporter protein transporter via a process known as phosphorylation . Neurotransmitter transporters normally function as part of the reuptake process, by carrying neurotransmitter chemicals from the extracellular space into the cytoplasm of a presynaptic neuron. When they operate in reverse, they instead carry the neurotransmitter from the cytoplasm into the extracellular space, where it may become capable of binding to postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor receptors . Transporter reversal is utilized by all drug s that act as releasing agent s, such as amphetamine . See also Active transport Releasing agent References Reflist 2 Neuromodulation Category Neuroscience Pharmacology stub ... more details
|
- Berkeley body
Orphan date February 2009 A Berkeley Body is an organelle unique to the yeast cell Saccharomyces cerevisiae , with a secretory mutation in the genes ARFGEF2 sec7 and SEC14L5 sec14 . The function of the organelle lies in the CTV cytoplasm to vacuole targeting Pathway, which is a transport pathway for certain vacuolar hydrolases to be degenerated. The Berkeley Body acts as the transport medium from the cytoplasm to the vacuole within this pathway. Studies have shown that Berkeley Bodies share stuctural similarites with autophagosomes, which are involved in autophagy ref Fulvio Reggiori, Chao Wen Wang, Usha Nair, Takahiro Shintani, Hagai Abeliovich, and Daniel J. Klionsky, Early Stages of the Secretory Pathway, but Not Endosomes, Are Required for Cvt Vesicle and Autophagosome Assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , from Molecular Biology of the Cell Vol. 15, 2189 2204, May 2004. ref The organelle consists of two enclosed membranes forming an enclosed lumen, which contains cytoplasm. It is formed by vesicles budding off the Golgi Apparatus or the Endoplasmic Reticulum . They were discovered in 1980 by Novick and Schekman. ref Peter Novick, Charles Field and Randy Schekman. Identification of 23 Complementation Groupsm, Required for Post translational Events in the Yeast Secretory Pathway. Cell , Vol. 21, 205 215, August, 1980. ref References references Category Organelles biology stub ... more details
|
- Centrolecithal
Centrolecithal Greek kentron center of a circle, lekithos yolk describes the placement of the yolk in the centre of the cytoplasm of ovum s. Many arthropod eggs are centrolecithal. During cytokinesis , centrolecithal zygotes undergo meroblastic cleavage, where the cleavage plane extends only to the accumulated yolk and is superficial. This is due to the large dense yolk found within centrolecithal eggs and triggers a delayed embryonic development. See also Cell cycle Isolecithal Telolecithal References Unreferenced date January 2008 Category Cell biology Centrolecithal Cell biology stub ... more details
|
- CMTC
CMTC may refer to Canadian Manoeuvre Training Centre , a Canadian Army training formation located at CFB Wainwright , Alberta. Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita , a rare congenital vascular disorder often affecting the skin first described by Cato van Lohuizen . Central del Movimiento de Trabajadores Costarricenses , a trade union centre in Costa Rica Cytoplasmic Microtubule Complex , the network of Microtubules within the Cytoplasm of a cell. disambig ... more details
|
- Holocrine glands
Merge to Holocrine date September 2011 Holocrine glands are a type of secretory gland where the secretory product is formed inside the cytoplasm and the secretion is released by the disruption of the plasma membrane and destruction of the cell biology cell . An example is the sebaceous gland s of the skin. ref Victor Eroschenko, diFiore s Atlas of Histology with functional correlations , Lippincot Williams and Wilkins, 10th edition, 2005. p. 41 ref References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Holocrine Glands Category Glands Category Exocrine system Biology stub sr ... more details
|
- Plasmodium basilisci
italic title Plasmodium basilisci is a parasite of the genus Plasmodium subgenus Carinamoeba . Like all Plasmodium species P. basilisci has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are reptile s. Taxobox name Plasmodium basilisci image caption image image width regnum Protista phylum Apicomplexa classis Aconoidasida ordo Haemosporida familia Plasmodiidae genus Plasmodium species P. basilisci binomial Plasmodium basilisci Description This species was described by Pelaez and Perez Reyes in 1959. ref name Pelaez1959 Pelaez and Perez Reyes 1959 Revta. Lat.Am Micro. 2, 41 50 ref This species infects mature cell biology cell s only. The parasite occurs in a polar position in the cell. The host cell is not enlarged and the Cell nucleus nucleus is not displaced. A single mass of dark brown pigment develops and the schizont s arrange themselves in a double fan like configuration. The merozoite s number between 6 and 9 average 7 . The mature schizonts measure 3 micrometres x 6 micrometres. The male gametocyte s measure 4 micrometre s x 8 micrometres and are irregularly shaped. The nucleus is reddish purple and the cytoplasm is mauve. Pigment granules are scattered throughout the cytoplasm. The female gametocytes measure 5 micrometres x 10 micrometres. The nucleus stains pale pink and the cytoplasm pale blue. 4 8 pigment grains occur in the cytoplasm usually at one end. Geographical occurrence This species occurs in Brazil , El Salvador and Honduras . Clinical features and host pathology This species infects the striped basilisk Basiliscus vittatus , Basiliscus plumbifrons and Iguana iguana rhinolopha . References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Plasmodium Basilisci Category Plasmodium plasmodium stub id Plasmodium basilisci ... more details
|
- Vesiculo-vacuolar organelle
Orphan date February 2009 A vesiculo vacuolar organelle is an organelle found in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells that line both tumor and normal blood vessel s. They help active transport actively transport fluid and cells across endothelial cells, contributing to the increase in vascular permeability that occurs during the process of inflammation . This kind of transport is mediated by Vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF , one of the chemical mediators of inflammation . Category Organelles Category Angiology circulatory stub ... more details
|
- Sabin-Feldman dye test
A Sabin Feldman dye test is a Serology serologic test to diagnose for toxoplasmosis . The test is based on the presence of certain antibodies that prevent methylene blue dye from entering the cytoplasm of Toxoplasma gondii Toxoplasma organisms. References Mosby s Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary. Edition 5, 1998 p7B4A. Category Infectious disease blood tests Med diagnostic stub Infectious and inflammatory blood tests es Prueba de Sabin Fieldman ... more details
|
- Ure2
Wikify date January 2012 Refimprove date June 2010 Ure2 is the Saccharomyces cerevisiae inhibitor of nitrogen catabolism genes under nitrogen rich conditions. It controls the nitrogen catabolite response by sequestering the transcription factor Gln3 in the cytoplasm and preventing it from entering the nucleus. ref Magasanik, B. 2005 . The transduction of the nitrogen regulation signal in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci ., 102 16537 16538. ref references Category Digestive system Category Bacteriology ... more details
|
- Bacterial genetics
Bacterial genetics is the subfield of genetics devoted to the study of bacteria. Bacterial genetics are subtly different from eukaryotic genetics, however bacteria still serve as a good model for animal genetic studies. One of the major distinctions between bacterial and eukaryotic genetics stems from the bacteria s lack of membrane bound organelles this is true of all prokaryotes. While it is a fact that there are prokaryotic organelles, they are never bound by a lipid membrane, but by a shell of proteins , necessitating protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm . Genetics stub Category Bacteria Category Genetics ... more details
|
- E2 classical pathway
mergeto Estrogen date July 2011 In the E2 classical pathway or estrogen classical pathway , 17 estradiol E2 enters the cytoplasm, where it causes dissociation of heat shock protein HSP . E2 now binds to HSP and can homodimerise E2 HSP, E2 HSP and then bind to specific domains on the nucleus Estrogen response element ERE , allowing for gene transcription which can take place over hours and days. Category Biochemistry ... more details
|
- Anal pore
unreferenced date July 2011 The anal pore is where waste leaves a microscopic organism after the nutrients from the food has been absorbed into the cytoplasm. Some of these single celled organisms have multiple anal pores to help deal with their larger food needs. The waste is ejectd by the food vacuole that has nothing but waste products remaining bursting and the waste products proceed to flow out. It is essentially a miniature version of the anus found in more complex organisms. cell biology stub Category Cell biology ... more details
|
- Yar (gene)
In molecular biology, Yar y ellow a chaete intergenic R NA is a long non coding RNA found in Drosophila . It is located within a neuronal gene cluster between the yellow and achaete genes. ref name pmid18704163 Cite pmid 18704163 ref ref name pmid21775470 Cite pmid 21775470 ref It is found in the cytoplasm of cells and is required for the regulation of sleep . ref name pmid21775470 Cite pmid 21775470 ref See also Long noncoding RNA References reflist 2 Category Non coding RNA ... more details
|
- Dendrite (non-neuronal)
unreferenced date December 2011 A dendrite is a branching projection of the cytoplasm of a cell. While the term is most commonly used to refer to the dendrite branching projections of neuron s, it can also be used to refer to features of other types of cells that, while having a similar appearance, are actually quite distinct structures. Non neuronal cells that have dendrites dendritic cell s, part of the mammalian immune system melanocyte s, pigment producing cells located in the skin Merkel cell s, receptor cells in the skin associated with the sense of touch Category Cell biology ... more details
|
Encyclopedia
top
