wiktionary degradationDegradation may refer to Biodegradation , the processes by which organic substances are broken down by living organisms Cashiering or degradation ceremony, a ritual performed when cleric is deprived of office or a knight is stripped of the honour Chemical decomposition , the degradation of chemical compounds Corruption philosophical concept Defamation Degradation a song by the Violent Femmes, from Add It Up 1981 1993 Degradation telecommunications , the loss of quality of an electronic signal Elegant degradation , in engineering, the gradual failing of a machine Environmental degradation , in ecology, damage to the ecosystem and loss of biodiversity Graceful degradation, in a fault tolerant system Degradation geology disambiguation ca Degradaci cs Degradace de Degradation et Degradatsioon fr D gradation id Degradasi it Degradazione pl Degradacja sk Degrad cia ... more details
The Weerman degradation is an organic reaction in carbohydrate chemistry in which an aldonamide derived from an aldonic acid is degraded by sodium hypochlorite , forming a new sugar with one less carbon. The reaction is named after R.A. Weerman ref R. A. Weerman, Rec. Trav. Chim., 37, 16 1917 . ref The reaction mechanism is that of the related Hofmann degradation . One study demonstrated the direct oxidation of glucose to arabinose by the same sodium hypochlorite, skipping the aldonic acid and aldoamide steps. ref cite doi 10.1021 ja01528a042 ref References Reflist See also Curtius rearrangement Hofmann degradation Ruff Fenton degradation Wohl degradation Category Rearrangement reactions Category Carbohydrates Category Degradation reactions Category Name reactions zh Weerman ... more details
Orphan date October 2008 File LogP200.jpg right 200px thumb Flow reaction system for automated forced degradation testing Forced degradation or accelerated degradation is a process whereby the natural degradation rate of a product or material is increased by the application of an additional stress. Introduction Forced degradation studies are used to identify reactions which may occur to degrade a processed product. Usually conducted before final formulation, forced degradation uses external stresses to rapidly screen material stabilities. Longer term storage tests are usually used to measure similar properties when final formulations are involved because of the stringent FDA regulations. These tests are generally more expensive because of the time involved than forced degradation which is therefore used for rapid selection and elimination tests. Common stresses There are a number of common stresses which are used to pH acid base Chemical processes are often catalysed by the presence of acids and bases. The exposure of materials to these can therefore accelerate degradation reactions. Temperature In accordance to Arrhenius equation arrhenius kinetics , increasing temperature increases the rate of any degradation process. Temperature is often used in conjunction with other stresses to increase reaction rates. Oxidation Concentration Light Methodologies Standard methodologies include Wet chemistry methods Flow chemistry Calorimetry HPLC Application Empty section date July 2010 See also Chemical decomposition Thermogravimetric analysis Total productive maintenance External links http www.syrris.com Degradation.aspx Flow chemistry degradation by Syrris Category Chemical engineering ... more details
The Bergmann degradation is a series of chemical reaction s designed to remove a single amino acid from the carboxylic acid end of a peptide . ref Bergmann, M. Science 1934 , 79 , 439. ref ref Bergmann, M. Zervas, L. J. Biol. Chem. 1936 , 113 , 341. ref Image Bergmann Degradation Reaction Scheme.png center 600px The Bergmann degradation The acyl azide of a peptide 1 undergoes a Curtius rearrangement in the presence of benzyl alcohol 2 to give a Carboxybenzyl benzyl carbamate 3 . The Cbz group of intermediate 3 is removed by hydrogenolysis to give an unsubstituted amide 4 and an aldehyde 5 . References Reflist See also Curtius rearrangement Edman degradation reaction stub Category Organic redox reactions Category Rearrangement reactions Category Degradation reactions Category Name reactions ar es Degradaci n de Bergmann nl Bergmann degradatie zh Bergmann ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Elegant degradation is a term used in engineering to describe what occurs to machines which are subject to constant, repetitive stress. Externally, such a machine maintains the same appearance to the user, appearing to function properly. Internally, the machine slowly weakens over time. Eventually, unable to withstand the stress, it breaks down. Compared to Fault tolerant system graceful degradation , the operational quality does not decrease at all, but the breakdown may be just as sudden. This term s meaning varies depending on context and field, and may not be strictly considered exclusive to engineering. ie. if someone knows of different uses, please add them here and possibly other pages See also Fail safe Fail safe Fail soft Category Engineering Category Fault tolerance DEFAULTSORT Elegant Degradation Tech stub ... more details
In telecommunication , degradation , which may be categorized as either graceful degradation graceful or catastrophic , has the following meanings The deterioration in quality, level, or standard of performance of a functional unit . In telecommunication communications , a condition in which one or more of the required performance parameters fall outside predetermined limits, resulting in a lower quality of service . There are several forms and causes of degradation in electric signals, both in the time domain and in the physical domain, including runt pulse , voltage spike , jitter , wander , swim, Drift telecommunication drift , glitch , ringing signal ringing , crosstalk , antenna effect not the same antenna effect as in IC manufacturing , and phase noise . Degradation usually refers to reduction in quality of an analog or digital signal. When a signal is being transmitted or received, it undergoes changes which are undesirable. These changes are called degradation. Degradation is usually caused by Weather or environmental conditions. Terrain Other signals. Faulty or poor quality equipments. Weather conditions A signal has two important factors frequency and wavelength. If weather is fine and temperature is normal, the signal can be transmitted within given frequency and wavelength limits. The signal travels with velocity c 3 10 sup 8 sup m s, which is equal to the speed of light. For frequency f Hz and wavelength m, we have f c . So, when weather conditions deteriorate, frequency f has to be increased. This causes the wavelength to decrease, which means that the signal then travels lesser distance. FS1037C electronics stub Category Digital electronics Category Fault tolerance Category Noise Category Telecommunications terms ... more details
In geology , degradation refers to the lowering of a fluvial surface, such as a stream bed or floodplain , through Erosion erosional processes . ref cite web url http www.esc.nsw.gov.au site Landcare 2 3.asp title Estuarine & Floodplain degradation publisher Eurobodalla Landcare accessdate 2009 08 31 Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref ref cite journal doi 10.1029 WR019i005p01057 title Causes of River Bed Degradation year 1983 author Galay, V. J. journal Water Resources Research volume 19 pages 1057 issue 5 ref It is the opposite of aggradation . Degradation is characteristic of channel networks in which either bedrock erosion is taking place, or in systems that are sediment starved and are therefore entraining more material than is being deposited. When a stream degrades, it leaves behind a fluvial terrace . This can be further classified as a strath terrace a bedrock terrace that may have a thin mantle of alluvium if the river is incising through bedrock. These terraces may often be dated with methods such as cosmogenic radionuclide dating , OSL dating , and Geomagnetic reversal Geomagnetic polarity time scale paleomagnetic dating using reversals in the Earth s magnetic field to constrain the timing of events to find when a river was at a particular level and how quickly it is downcutting. References references cite journal doi 10.1061 ASCE 0733 9429 1986 112 6 497 title Simulation of Missouri River Bed Degradation year 1986 author Holly, Forrest M. journal Journal of Hydraulic Engineering volume 112 pages 497 last2 Karim first2 M. Fazle issue 6 cite journal doi 10.2110 jsr.2005.029 title Discontinuity Bounded Alluvial Sequences of the Southern Gangetic Plains, India Aggradation and Degradation in Response to Monsoonal Strength year 2005 author Gibling, M.R. journal Journal of Sedimentary Research volume 75 pages 369 issue 3 River morphology geology stub geo term stub Category geological processes Category Sedimentology Category Geomorphology Category Fluvial ... more details
The Emde degradation also called Emde reaction or Emde reduction is a method for the Redox reduction of a quaternary ammonium cation to a tertiary amine with sodium amalgam ref H. Emde. Ber deutsch chem Ges 42 1909 p2590 ref ref W P tsch. Lexikon bedeutender Chemiker VEB Bibliographisches Institut Leipzig, 1989 ISBN 3817110553 ref ref M B Smith, J March. March s Advanced Organic Chemistry Wiley, 2001 ISBN 0 471 58589 0 ref Image Emderxn.png center 500px Emde degradation This organic reaction was first described in 1909 by the German chemist Hermann Emde and was for a long time of great importance in structure elucidation of many alkaloid s, for example that of ephedrine . Alternative reducing agent s exist for this reaction for instance, lithium aluminium hydride . See also Related reactions are the Hofmann elimination and the Von Braun reaction References references DEFAULTSORT Emde Degradation Category Organic redox reactions Category Name reactions Category Degradation reactions ar es Reacci n de Emde nl Emde degradatie ja zh ... more details
File Karst following phosphate mining on Nauru.jpg thumb Serious land degradation in Nauru after the depletion of the phosphate cover through mining Land degradation is a process in which the value of the biophysical ... upon the land. ref name rural cite book title Rural Land Degradation in Australia last Conacher first ... land degradation has upon agronomic productivity, the environment, and its effects on food ... Land degradation an overview booktitle Responses to Land Degradation. Proc. 2nd. International Conference on Land Degradation and Desertification publisher Oxford Press location New Delhi, India url http soils.usda.gov use worldsoils papers land degradation overview.html accessdate 2012 02 05 ref ... author Ian Sample format work The Guardian ref Measuring Land degradation is a broad term that can ... degradation and its impact on the environment around it A temporary or permanent decline in the productive ... land degradation is that what one group of people call degradation, others might view as a benefit ... Causes Image Cattle.jpg thumb Overgrazing by livestock can lead to land degradation Land degradation ... outcome of land degradation is a substantial reduction in the productivity of the land. ref cite ... factor in Afghanistan. Agricultural activities that can cause land degradation include shifting cultivation ... factor in Sri Lanka and the dominant one in Bangladesh. The role of population factors in land degradation ... soils. High population density is not always related to land degradation. Rather, it is the practices ... to the land and make it more productive than it is in its natural state. Severe land degradation ... to degradation. These two factors combine to explain the degree of vulnerability. ref name landguide Citation author Stockings, Mike Murnaghan, Niamh. title Land Degradation Guidelines for Field ..., Douglas Lewis, Lawrence. title Land Degradation Creation and Destruction year 2007 location Maryland ... change Significant land degradation from seawater inundation , particularly in river delta s and on low ... more details
The Wohl degradation in carbohydrate chemistry is a chain contraction method for aldose s. ref citation last Wohl first A. authorlink Alfred Wohl title Abbau des Traubenzuckers journal Chem. Ber. year 1893 volume 26 issue 1 pages 730 744 doi 10.1002 cber.189302601150 . ref The classic example is the conversion of glucose to arabinose as shown below. The reaction is named after the chemist Alfred Wohl . Image WohlDegradation.png center 600px The Wohl degradation In one modification, ref OrgSynth first G za last Braun title D Arabinose prep CV3P0101 volume 20 pages 14 year 1940 collvol 3 collvolpages 101 . ref ref OrgSynth first1 H. T. last1 Clarke first2 S. M. last2 Nagy title Pentaacetyl d gluconitrile prep CV3P0690 volume 20 pages 74 year 1940 collvol 3 collvolpages 690 . ref glucose d glucose is converted to the glucose oxime by reaction with hydroxylamine and sodium methoxide . In the second step the pentaacetyl glycononitrile is formed by reaction with acetic anhydride in acetic acid with sodium acetate . In this reaction step the oxime is converted into the nitrile with simultaneous conversion of all the alcohol groups to acetate groups. In the final step sodium methoxide in methanol is added on which the nitrile group is split off as sodium cyanide with formation of a new formyl group. Ruff Fenton degradation In a variation the Ruff Fenton degradation Otto Ruff 1898, O. Fenton 1893 converts the aldose first to the alpha hydroxy carboxylic acid with bromine and calcium hydroxide and then to the shortened aldose by reaction with Iron III sulfate and hydrogen peroxide ref Organic syntheses based on name reactions , Volume 22 Alfred Hassner,C. Stumer ref See also Nef reaction References Reflist Category Carbohydrate chemistry Category Elimination reactions Category Degradation reactions Category Name reactions es Degradaci n de Wohl zh ... more details
be sensitive to UV degradation. Aramid fibres like Kevlar for example are highly UV sensitive and must ... 300px IR spectrum showing carbonyl absorption due to UV degradation of polyethylene The problem can ... degradation in material testing The effects of UV degradation on materials that require a long service ... 63 Years of UV Exposure in 1 Year ref In Solar Power Modules degradation is a long term issue according to material testings the efficiency loss by UV degradation is about 6.81 to 9.54 in 20 years. ref http www.rechner photovoltaik.de rechner solardegradation Degradation Calculator German, translation by Google . ref See also Forensic polymer engineering Polymer degradation Depolymerization ... UV damage to polymers Category Polymers Category Materials degradation Category Ultraviolet ... more details
The Strecker degradation is a chemical reaction which converts an amino acid into an aldehyde by an imine intermediate. It is named after Adolph Strecker , a German chemist. The original observation by Strecker involved the use of alloxan as the oxidant ref cite journal title Notiz ber eine eigenth mliche Oxydation durch Alloxan pages 363&ndash 365 doi 10.1002 jlac.18621230312 first A last Strecker journal Annalen der Chemie volume 123 issue 2 year 1862 ref File Strecker Degradation.png 500px The reaction can take place using a variety of organic and inorganic reagents. ref cite journal title The Strecker Degradation of Amino Acids pages 261&ndash 277 doi 10.1021 cr60156a002 first Alexander last Schonberg coauthors Moubacher, Radwan journal Chem. Rev. volume 50 issue 2 year 1952 ref References reflist Category Organic reactions Category Name reactions Category Degradation reactions de Strecker Abbau fr D gradation de Strecker nl Strecker degradatie ja zh Strecker ... more details
Edman degradation , developed by Pehr Edman , is a method of Protein sequencing sequencing amino acids in a peptide . ref Cite journal last Edman first P. year 1950 title Method for determination of the amino acid sequence in peptides journal Acta Chem. Scand. volume 4 pages 283 293 doi 10.3891 acta.chem.scand.04 0283 last2 H gfeldt first2 Erik last3 Sill n first3 Lars Gunnar last4 Kinell first4 Per Olof postscript Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it or change its value to . for the cite to end in a . , as necessary. inconsistent citations . ref In this method, the amino terminal residue chemistry residue is labeled and cleaved from the peptide without disrupting the peptide bonds between other amino acid residues. Mechanism Image EdmanDegradation.png 600px center Edman Degradation with generic amino acid peptide chain. isothiocyanate Phenylisothiocyanate is reacted with an uncharged terminal amino group, under mildly alkaline conditions, to form a cyclical phenylthiocarbamoyl derivative. Then, under acidic conditions, this derivative of the terminal amino acid is cleaved as a thiazolinone derivative. The thiazolinone amino acid is then selectively extracted into an organic solvent and treated with acid to form the more stable phenylthiohydantoin PTH amino acid derivative that can be identified by using chromatography or electrophoresis . This procedure can then be repeated ... of over 99 efficiency per amino acid . An advantage of the Edman degradation is that it only uses 10 100 pico moles of peptide for the sequencing process. Edman degradation reaction is automated to speed up the process. ref cite journal author Niall HD title Automated Edman degradation the protein ... the Edman degradation proceeds from the N terminus of the protein, it will not work if the N terminal ... a Protein of Interest POI . See also Bergmann degradation Dansyl chloride References reflist Category ... Name reactions Category Chemical tests Category Degradation reactions reaction stub ca Degradaci ... more details
Polymer degradation is a change in the properties tensile strength , colour , shape, etc. of a polymer .... Degradation can be useful for recycling reusing the polymer waste to prevent or reduce environmental pollution . Degradation can also be induced deliberately to assist structure determination . Polymeric ... encountered in daily life. Each of these polymers has its own characteristic modes of degradation ... fuel pipe.jpg thumb 200px Close up of broken fuel pipe connector Photoinduced degradation main UV degradation Most polymers can be degraded by photolysis to give lower molecular weight molecules. Electromagnetic ... vacuum2010 X ray s and gamma ray s are usually involved in such reactions. Thermal degradation main Thermal degradation of polymers main Thermal depolymerization Chain growth polymerisation Chain growth ... monomers, oils, gases and water. The degradation takes place by class wikitable Thermolysis type ... monoxide , Carbon dioxide and hydrogen Chemical degradation main Chemically Assisted Degradation of Polymers ... base as catalyst. Nylon Polyamide is sensitive to degradation by acids and polyamide mouldings ... being most sensitive to degradation. Ozone cracks form in products under tension, but the critical ... Image Irspec1.jpg thumb right 200px IR spectrum showing carbonyl absorption due to oxidative degradation ... degradation by galvanic action was first citation needed date January 2011 described in the technical ... 200902037896192534 ref This was the discovery that plastics can corrode , i.e. polymer degradation may ... polyimide s, triazine s, and blends thereof. Degradation occurs in the form of dissolved resin ... structure. Standard corrosion protection procedures were found to prevent polymer degradation ... used elsewhere in the world. Biological degradation main Synthetic biodegradable polymer Biodegradable ... site where degradation is very difficult due to the lack of oxygen and moisture. Stabilisers ... of crosslinking of the polymers and degradation the property of polymers. See also Applied spectroscopy ... more details
Use mdy dates date December 2011 Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Degradation Trip Type studio Artist Jerry Cantrell Cover Jerry Cantrell Degradation Trip.jpg Released June 18, 2002 ... ref http www.allmusic.com album r590407 review Degradation Trip Allmusic ref Length 72 34 Label ... Degradation Trip br 2002 Next album Degradation Trip Volumes 1 & 2 br 2002 Misc Singles Name Degradation Trip Type studio single 1 Anger Rising single 1 date April 2002 single 2 Angel Eyes single 2 date September 2002 Degradation Trip is the second solo album by Alice in Chains guitarist and vocalist ... , who died two months before the album s release. Degradation Trip featured two single music single ... 26, 2002, the full Degradation Trip sessions songs were released in their entirety as Degradation ... on 7 11 09. ref The majority of this follow up, later entitled Degradation Trip , was written ... sonic growth from Boggy Depot to Degradation Trip is comparable to the difference ... music interviews cantrell jerry 021226.shtml Degradation Trip An Interview with Jerry Cantrell ... to find a replacement and decided to self produce Degradation Trip with his friend Jeff Tomei ... be released in some form. Indeed, on November 26, 2002, a Degradation Trip Volumes 1 & 2 second ... has called the single disc release the Reader s Digest version of Degradation Trip . ref Kaye, Don. A Long, Strange Trip Degradation Trip Volumes 1 & 2 November 26, 2002 . Retrieved on 6 20 09 ..., Degradation Trip more easily compares to Cantrell s previous work in Alice in Chains than that of his ... discussing various aspects of his music and personal life. Prior to the release of Degradation ... www.mtv.com news articles 1457790 20020925 cantrell jerry.jhtml Jerry Cantrell Reroutes His Degradation ... review 4076 Jerry Cantrell Degradation Trip title Sputnik Musik review publisher Sputnikmusic.com ... rev5Score Rating 4 5 ref name oblis cite web url http www.obnoxiouslisteners.com album degradation ... more details
unreferenced date January 2011 In 1898, Otto Ruff published his work on the transformation of D Glucose to D Arabinose later called the Ruff degradation. In this reaction, D Glucose is converted to D Arabinose . In this reaction, the terminal aldehyde group is converted to a Carboxylic acid carboxylic acid group, using selective oxidation of the aldehyde using Bromine Organic chemistry Bromine water and then converted to gluconate ion. Next, Fe OAc sub 3 sub with 30 of H sub 2 sub O sub 2 sub is added. br br Thus COO ion will form CO2 and a stereo selective compound will form. And below CH2OH will convert to CHO group, thus forming D Arabinose. Chemistry stub Category Name reactions de Ruff Abbau zh ... more details
Quality 26 581 589. ref Citation needed date June 2009 Environmental degradation is one ... Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction defines environmental degradation as The reduction ... 31 ref Environmental degradation is of many types. When natural habitats are destroyed or natural ... degradation is the depletion of the resource of fresh water on Earth. Approximately only ... is also very significant in water degradation, as the water would become more susceptible to bacterial ... Degradation, and Armed Conflict. Political Geography 26.6 2007 674 94. ref An increased ... 32220 Environmental Degradation . Powell, Fannetta. Environmental Degradation and Human ... use of the water and the degradation agriculture causes to the water. Irrigation increases ... water resources are very important for the future of water management in response to water degradation ... and environmental degradation http www.blackwell synergy.com links doi 10.1111 0004 5608.00156 abs ... Land Degradation Studies for Nonequilibrium Dryland Environments http meta2.com PDB Weekly PDBEnvironmentalDegradation.pdf Public Daily Brief Threat Environmental Degradation http www.ourplanet.com imgversn 95 roberts.html Focus Environmental degradation is contributing to health threats worldwide http www.tms.org Meetings Specialty ED2005 home.html Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear ... background Measuring 20country 20performance nov2006 20update.pdf Environmental Degradation ... more details
The Marker degradation is a three step chemical synthesis synthetic route in steroid chemistry developed by American chemist Russell Earl Marker in 1938 40. It is used for the production of cortisone and mammalian sex hormone s progesterone , estradiol , etc. from plant steroids, and established Mexico as a world center for steroid production in the years immediately after World War II . ref name landmark citation url http acswebcontent.acs.org landmarks marker marker.html title The Marker Degradation publisher American Chemical Society accessdate 2010 03 03 . ref The discovery of the Marker degradation allowed the production of substantial quantities of steroid hormones for the first time, and was fundamental in the development of the contraceptive pill and corticosteroid anti inflammatory drugs. In 1999, the American Chemical Society and the Sociedad Qu mica de M xico named the route as a National Historic Chemical Landmark. ref name landmark The first large scale application of the route took place in 1943, when Russell Earl Marker collected 10 tons of yam vegetable yam tuber ... degradation led to the development of a Fine chemicals fine chemical industry in Mexico which ... in what would become known as the Marker degradation. Sarsasapogenin was too expensive to be a commercial ... body, as in the industrial process developed after the discovery of the Marker degradation. ref The quantities ..., the Marker degradation relies heavily on kinetic control to degrade the sapogenin side chain ... books.google.com books?id iyzlMSPp EMC&pg PA281 v onepage&q &f false . ref File Marker degradation 1.png .... File Marker degradation 2.png 500px The ester is then hydrolyzed under strongly basic conditions ... a double bond. File Marker degradation 3.png 500px The resulting 3 hydroxypregna 5,16 dien 20 one ... One consequence of this split was that the Marker degradation was never patent ed. ref name ... Notes reflist group note References reflist 2 Category Degradation reactions Category Name reactions ... more details
refimprove date November 2009 Concrete degradation may have various causes. Concrete can be damaged by fire, aggregate expansion, sea water effects, bacterial corrosion, calcium leaching, physical damage and chemical damage from carbonation, chlorides, sulfates and distilled water . This process adversely affects concrete exposed to these damaging stimuli. Aggregate expansion File ASR cracks concrete step barrier FHWA 2006.jpg thumb right 275px Typical crack pattern associated to the Alkali Silica Reaction alkali silica reaction affecting a concrete step barrier on a US motorway photograph, courtesy of the Federal Highway Administration US Department of Transportation . Various types of aggregate undergo chemical reactions in concrete, leading to damaging expansive phenomena. The most common are those containing reactive silica, that can react in the presence of water with the alkalis in concrete K sub 2 sub O and Na sub 2 sub O, coming principally from cement . Among the more reactive mineral components of some aggregates are opal , chalcedony , flint and strained quartz . Following the Alkali Silica Reaction alkali silica reaction ASR , an expansive gel forms, that creates extensive cracks and damage on structural members. On the surface of concrete pavements the ASR can cause pop outs, i.e. the expulsion of small cones up to convert 3 cm 0 abbr on about in diameter in correspondence of aggregate particles. When some aggregates containing dolomite are used, a dedolomitization reaction occurs where the magnesium carbonate compound reacts with hydroxyl ions and yields magnesium hydroxide and a Carbonate carbonate ion . The resulting expansion may cause destruction of the material. Far less common are pop outs caused by the presence of pyrite , an iron sulfide that generates expansion by forming iron oxide and ettringite . Other reactions and recrystallizations, e.g. hydration of clay minerals in some aggregates, may lead to destructive expansion as well. Corrosion of reinforcement ... more details
PMID 22027479 ref Interactions Neutrophil cytosolic factor 4 has been shown to Protein protein interaction ... laydate quote ref Neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 ref name pmid11796733 cite journal last Lapouge ... scattering and gel filtration analyses of neutrophil NADPH oxidase cytosolic factors highlight ... 8 cite journal author Tsunawaki S, Mizunari H, Nagata M, et al. title A novel cytosolic component, p40phox ... JJ, Totty NF, Segal AW title p40phox, a third cytosolic component of the activation complex of the NADPH .... title Cytosolic phox proteins interact with and regulate the assembly of coronin in neutrophils. journal ... analyses of neutrophil NADPH oxidase cytosolic factors highlight the role of the C terminal ... more details
the phosphorylation and the translocation of cytosolic p67phox. journal Biochem. J. volume 296 ... of the 67 kD cytosolic NADPH oxidase component identification of mutation and detection of carriers ... more details
laydate quote ref and Neutrophil cytosolic factor 4 . ref name pmid11796733 cite journal last ... neutron scattering and gel filtration analyses of neutrophil NADPH oxidase cytosolic factors highlight ... and functional expression of the 47 kilodalton cytosolic component of human neutrophil respiratory ... RA title Two cytosolic neutrophil oxidase components absent in autosomal chronic granulomatous disease ... more details
PBB geneid 3937 Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2 SH2 domain containing leukocyte protein of 76kDa , also known as LCP2 or SLP 76 , is a gene that encodes a Signal transduction signal transducing adaptor protein . ref name entrez Cite web title Entrez Gene LCP2 lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2 SH2 domain containing leukocyte protein of 76kDa url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 3937 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text SLP 76 was originally identified as a substrate of the ZAP 70 protein tyrosine kinase following T cell receptor TCR ligation in the leukemic T cell line Jurkat. The SLP 76 locus has been localized to human chromosome 5q33 and the gene structure has been partially characterized in mice. The human and murine cDNAs both encode 533 amino acid proteins that are 72 identical and composed of three modular domains. The NH2 terminus contains an acidic region that includes a PEST domain and several tyrosine residues that are phosphorylated following TCR ligation. SLP 76 also contains a central proline rich domain and a COOH terminal SH2 domain. A number of additional proteins have been identified that associate with SLP 76 both constitutively and inducibly following receptor ligation, supporting the notion that SLP 76 functions as an adaptor or scaffold protein. Studies using SLP 76 deficient T cell lines or mice have provided strong evidence that SLP 76 plays a positive role in promoting T cell development and activation as well as mast cell and platelet function. ref name entrez Interactions Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2 has been shown to Protein protein interaction interact with SHB gene SHB , ref name pmid12084069 Cite journal last Lindholm first Cecilia K authorlink coauthors Henriksson Maria L, Hallberg Bengt, Welsh Michael year 2002 month Jul. title Shb links SLP 76 and Vav with the CD3 ... more details
Chemically assisted degradation of polymers is a type of polymer degradation that involves a change of the polymer properties due to a chemical reaction with the polymer s surroundings. There are many different types of possible chemical reactions causing degradation however most of these reactions result in the breaking of double bonds within the polymer structure. Examples of chemically assisted degradationDegradation of rubber by ozone One common example of chemically assisted degradation is the degradation of rubber by ozone particles. Ozone is a naturally occurring atmospheric molecule that is produced ... for degradation to occur. Degradation of poly vinyl chloride PVC Degradation can also occur ... and broken by ozone, just like the degradation of rubbers described above. Degradation of polyester Degradation of polyester may occur without the presence of the acidic catalyst that causes degradation ... degradation mainly at high temperature and pressure during processing. In this process the water ... products may also cause further degradation of the polymer chain. This chain scission lowers average ... and increasing deformation at low stresses. Protection against chemically assisted degradation Both physical and chemical barriers can be used to protect a polymer from chemically assisted degradation ..., the polymer and surrounding environment. See also Indication of weather degradation Environmental stress cracking Weather testing of polymers Photo oxidation process Thermal degradation of polymers Use of stabilisters to enhance weathering resistance Polymer degradation Ozone cracking UV degradation ... Degradation of Poly ethylene terepthalate Studied by Matrix assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Mass .... Mitra, S, Ghanbari Siahkali, A, Amdal, K 2006, A novel method for monitoring chemical degradation of crosslinked rubber by stress relaxation under tension , Polymer Degradation and Stability , Vol ... Category Materials degradation ... more details
Image D dimer.png thumb Principles of D dimer testing Fibrin degradation product FDPs , also known as fibrin split products, are components of the blood produced by clot degeneration. ref name pmid7786784 cite journal author Gaffney PJ, Edgell T, Creighton Kempsford LJ, Wheeler S, Tarelli E title Fibrin degradation product FnDP assays analysis of standardization issues and target antigens in plasma journal Br. J. Haematol. volume 90 issue 1 pages 187 94 year 1995 pmid 7786784 doi 10.1111 j.1365 2141.1995.tb03399.x ref These are produced by the action of plasmin on deposited fibrin. The most notable subtype of fibrin degradation products is D dimer . The levels of these FDPs rises after any thrombotic event. It can be used to test for disseminated intravascular coagulation . ref http peir.path.uab.edu coag article 77.shtml Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products Bot generated title ref See also Fibrinolysis References references External links MedlinePlus 003655 medicine stub Category Coagulation system nl Fibrinedegradatieproduct sl Razgradni produkt fibrina ... more details
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