Dtype asteroids have a very low albedo and a featureless reddish electromagnetic spectrum Citation needed date July 2008 . It has been suggested that they have a composition of organic rich silicate s, carbon and anhydrous silicates, possibly with water ice in their interiors Citation needed date July 2008 . Dtype asteroids are found in the outer asteroid belt and beyond examples are 152 Atala , 588 Achilles , 624 Hektor and 944 Hidalgo . The Nice model suggests that Dtype asteroids may be captured Kuiper belt object s. ref William B. McKinnon, 2008, On The Possibility Of Large KBOs Being Injected Into The Outer Asteroid Belt . American Astronomical Society, DPS meeting 40, 38.03 http adsabs.harvard.edu abs 2008DPS....40.3803M ref In 1992, Larry A. Lebofsky and colleagues published an article in which they detected a spectral feature at 3 micrometre s in 773 Irmintraud , a main belt Dtypeasteroid. ref name albedo Lebofsky, Larry A. 1992 NASA Scientific and Technical Information Program Office NASA Technical Reports Server. http ntrs.nasa.gov archive nasa casi.ntrs.nasa.gov 19920001612 1992001612.pdf An Infrared Reflectance Study of Low Albedo Surface Constituents. http ntrs.nasa.gov search.jsp Search archive N92 10830. ref This feature was believed to indicate the presence of water on the surface and to indicate that the Dtypeasteroid was more likely to be in an altered state rather than in an unaltered, primitive or primordial state. ref name albedo See also Asteroid spectral types References Reflist Asteroids Small Solar System bodies DEFAULTSORT DTypeAsteroid Category Asteroid spectral classes Category Dtype asteroids asteroid stub bg fr Ast ro de de typeD hy D it Asteroide di tipo D no Dtype asteroide nn Dtype asteroide pt Asteroide tipo D ru D sk Plan tka typu D sl Asteroid tipa D fi D tyypin asteroidi zh D ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 T type asteroids are rare inner belt asteroid s of unknown composition with dark, featureless and moderately red electromagnetic spectrum spectra , and a moderate absorption feature shortwards of 0.85 m. No direct meteorite analog has been found to date. Thought to be anhydrous , they are believed to be related to P typeasteroid P type s or DtypeasteroidDtype s, or possibly a highly altered C typeasteroid C type . One example is 114 Kassandra . See also Asteroid spectral types Asteroids Small Solar System bodies DEFAULTSORT T TypeAsteroid Category Asteroid spectral classes Category T type asteroids Asteroid stub hy T no T type asteroide nn T type asteroide ru T sk Plan tka typu T sl Asteroid tipa T zh T ... more details
A type asteroids are relatively uncommon inner belt asteroid s that have a strong, broad 1 micrometre m olivine feature and a very reddish spectrum shortwards of 0.7 m. They are thought to come from the completely differentiated Mantle geology mantle of an asteroid. A type asteroids are so rare that as of 2005 only 17 had been discovered. See also Asteroid spectral types External links http www.lpi.usra.edu meetings lpsc2005 pdf 1375.pdf A technical report on A Type Asteroids Asteroids Small Solar System bodies Category Asteroid spectral classes Category A type asteroids Category Main Belt asteroids beltasteroid stub hy A no A type asteroide nn A type asteroide pl Asteroida klasy A ru A simple A typeasteroid sk Plan tka typu A sl Asteroid tipa A yo A typeasteroid zh A ... more details
Image WholeEros.jpg thumb right 433 Eros , an example of an S typeasteroid S type asteroids are of a stony composition, hence the name. Approximately 17 of asteroid s are of this type, making it the second most common after the C typeasteroid C type . Characteristics S types are moderately bright with an albedo ... S group which contains the following types A typeasteroid A type K typeasteroid K type L typeasteroid L type Q typeasteroid Q type R typeasteroid R type a core S type for asteroids having ... bodies Category Asteroid spectral classes Category S type asteroids bg fr Ast ro des de type S ko S hy S it Asteroide di tipo S lv S tipa astero ds hu S t pus kisbolyg k nl S type planeto de ja S no S type asteroide nn S type asteroide pl Asteroida klasy S pt Asteroide tipo S ru S simple S typeasteroid sk Plan tka typu S sl Asteroid tipa ... in the inner asteroid belt within 2.2 astronomical unit AU , common in the central belt within about ... than any asteroid except the unusually reflective 4 Vesta . Their spectrum has a moderately steep ... characteristics. S group asteroids SMASS classification In the asteroid spectral types SMASS classification ... between the core S type and the A, K, L, Q, and R types, respectively. This whole S assemblage of asteroids is spectrally quite distinct from the carbonaceous C typeasteroid C group asteroids C group and the mostly metallic X typeasteroid X group . Tholen classification In the asteroid spectral types Tholen classification Tholen classification the S type is a very broad grouping which includes all the types in the SMASS S group except for the A typeasteroid A , Q typeasteroid Q , and R typeasteroid R , which have particularly strong stony absorption features around 1 m. See also Asteroid spectral types L typeasteroid K typeasteroid X typeasteroid References cite journal ref Bus2002 first S. J. last Bus first2 R. P. last2 Binzel title Phase II of the Small Main belt Asteroid Spectroscopy ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 L type asteroids are relatively uncommon asteroid s with a strongly reddish spectrum shortwards of 0.75 m, and a featureless flat spectrum longwards of this. In comparison with the K typeasteroid K type , they exhibit a more reddish spectrum at visible wavelengths and a flat spectrum in the infrared. These asteroids were described as featureless S typeasteroid S types in the asteroid spectral types Tholen classification Tholen classification . The L type was formally introduced in the asteroid spectral types SMASS classification SMASS classification , although previous studies had noted the unusual spectra of two of its members 387 Aquitania and 980 Anacostia . Ld type asteroids A grouping proposed in the SMASS classification for asteroids with an L like flat spectrum longwards of 0.75 m, but even redder in visible wavelengths, like the DtypeasteroidDtype . An example may be 728 Leonisis , although it has also been classified as an A typeasteroid A type . See also Asteroid spectral types Asteroids MinorPlanets Footer DEFAULTSORT L TypeAsteroid Category Asteroid spectral classes Category L type asteroids hy L no L type asteroide nn L type asteroide ru L sk Plan tka typu L sl Asteroid tipa L zh L ... more details
Refimprove date June 2010 Image 253 mathilde.jpg thumb right 253 Mathilde , a C typeasteroid C type asteroids are carbonaceous asteroid s. They are the most common variety, forming around 75 of known asteroid s Citation needed date July 2008 , and an even higher percentage in the outer part of the asteroid belt beyond 2.7 astronomical unit AU , which is dominated by this asteroidtype. The proportion of C types may actually be greater than this, because C types are much darker than most other asteroid types except DtypeasteroidD types and others common only at the extreme outer edge of the asteroid belt . Characteristics This type of asteroid has very similar spectra to carbonaceous chondrite ... location Cambridge isbn 0 521 62143 7 pages 121 124 ref C type asteroids are extremely dark with albedo s typically in the 0.03 to 0.10 range. Consequently, whereas a number of S typeasteroid S types ... require a small telescope . The potentially brightest C typeasteroid is 324 Bamberga , but that object ... in minerals is also present. The largest unequivocally C typeasteroid is 10 Hygiea , although the asteroid spectral types SMASS classification SMASS classification places the largest asteroid, Ceres dwarf planet 1 Ceres , here as well, because that scheme lacks a G typeasteroid G type . C group ... into a wider C group of carbonaceous asteroids which contains cn date February 2012 B typeasteroid B type C type F typeasteroid F type G typeasteroid G type C group SMASS In the asteroid spectral ... 2012 B typeasteroid B type corresponding to the Tholen B typeasteroid B and F typeasteroid F ... to the Tholen G typeasteroid G type Ch type with an absorption feature around 0.7 m Cb type ... Small Solar System bodies DEFAULTSORT C TypeAsteroid Category Asteroid spectral classes bg ... C typeasteroid sk Plan tka typu C sl Asteroid tipa C fi C tyypin asteroidi uk C zh .... Hydrate d water containing minerals are present. ref name norton cite book title The Cambridge Encyclopedia ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2009 Image Ceres optimized.jpg thumb right Ceres dwarf planet Ceres , the largest asteroid, is a G type G type asteroids are a relatively uncommon type of carbon aceous asteroid . The most notable asteroid in this class is 1 Ceres . Characteristics Generally similar to the C type asteroid Characteristics C type objects, but containing a strong ultraviolet absorption feature below 0.5 m. An absorption feature around 0.7 m may also be present, which is indicative of phyllosilicate mineral s such as clay s or mica . In the asteroid spectral types SMASS classification SMASS classification the G type corresponds to the Cgh and Cg types, depending on the presence or absence respectively of the absorption feature at 0.7 m. The G type, C type asteroid C type and some rare types are sometimes collected together into a wider C type asteroid C group asteroids C group of carbonaceous asteroids. See also Asteroid spectral types Asteroids Small Solar System bodies References Reflist D. J. Tholen Asteroid taxonomic classifications in Asteroids III DEFAULTSORT G Type Asteroid Category Asteroid spectral classes Category G type asteroids asteroid stub bg hy G it Asteroide di tipo G ja G no G type asteroide nn G type asteroide ru G sk Plan tka typu G sl Asteroid tipa G uk G zh G ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2009 F type asteroids are a relatively uncommon type of carbon aceous asteroid , falling into the wider C typeasteroid C group asteroids C group . Characteristics Generally similar to the B typeasteroid B type asteroids, but lacking the water absorption feature around 3 m indicative of hydrated minerals, and differing in the low wavelength part of the ultraviolet spectrum below 0.4 m. The F type and B typeasteroid s are not distinguishable with the criteria used in the asteroid spectral types SMASS classification SMASS classification , so in that scheme are grouped together under the B typeasteroid B type . See also Asteroid spectral types Asteroids Small Solar System bodies DEFAULTSORT F TypeAsteroid Category Asteroid spectral classes Category F type asteroids asteroid stub hy F it Asteroide di tipo F ja F no F type asteroide nn F type asteroide ru F sk Plan tka typu F sl Asteroid tipa F zh F ... more details
The X group of asteroid s collects together several types with similar spectra, but probably quite different compositions. Tholen classification In the asteroid spectral types Tholen classification Tholen classification the X group contains the types E typeasteroid E type M typeasteroid M type , the largest grouping P typeasteroid P type Since in this scheme the albedo is crucial in discriminating between the above types, some objects for which albedo information was not available were assigned an X type . An example of this is 50 Virginia . SMASS classification The asteroid spectral types SMASS classification SMASS classification does not use albedo , but several spectral types are distinguished ... between this group and the Tholen E typeasteroid E type . Xc and Xk type asteroids, which contain ... tend to be intermediate between the core X type and the C typeasteroid C and K typeasteroid K type . Apart from the Xe type, there is no significant correlation between the split into these SMASS types and the Tholen E typeasteroid E , M typeasteroid M , and P typeasteroid P type s. All the types in the X group contain a mixture of asteroids classified as either type E typeasteroid E , M typeasteroid M , or P typeasteroid P . See also Asteroid spectral types L typeasteroid S typeasteroid K typeasteroid References div id Bus2002 S. J. Bus and R. P. Binzel Phase II of the Small Main belt Asteroid Spectroscopy Survey A feature based taxonomy , Icarus, Vol. 158, pp. 146 2002 . div Asteroids MinorPlanets Footer Category Asteroid spectral classes Category X type asteroids it Asteroide di tipo X no X type asteroide nn X type asteroide ru X sk Plan tka typu X sl Asteroid ... in the broad band ECAS survey used for the asteroid spectral types Tholen classification Tholen scheme . The X group contains the types core X type containing the asteroids with the most typical spectra Xe type of asteroids whose spectra contain a moderately broad absorption band around 0.49 &mu ... more details
J type asteroids are asteroid s with spectra similar to that of diogenite meteorites and so, presumably, to the deeper layers of the crust of 4 Vesta . Their spectra are rather similar to that of the V typeasteroid s but have a particularly strong 1 m absorption band. Examples are 2442 Corbett , 3869 Norton , 4005 1979 TC2 , and 4215 1987 VE1 . ref name BinzelXu R. P. Binzel and S. Xu Chips off of asteroid 4 Vesta Evidence for the parent body of basaltic achondrite meteorites , Science, Vol. 260, p. 186 1993 . ref See also Asteroid spectral types References references Small Solar System bodies DEFAULTSORT J TypeAsteroid Category Asteroid spectral classes Category J type asteroids Asteroid stub fr Ast ro des de type J hy J it Asteroide di tipo J nn J type asteroide ru J sk Plan tka typu J sl Asteroid tipa J zh J ... more details
with water ice in their interior. P type asteroids are found in the outer asteroid belt and beyond. Taxonomy An early system of asteroid taxonomy was established in 1975 from the doctoral thesis work of David J. Tholen . This was based upon observations of a group of 110 asteroids. The U type classification ... typeasteroid C and S typeasteroid classifications. In 1976, some of these U type asteroids with unusual moderate albedo levels were labeled as M typeasteroid M type . ref name 18lpsc cite conference author Tholen, D. J. Bell, J. F. title Evolution of Asteroid Taxonomy booktitle Proceedings ... 1008 1009 bibcode 1987LPI....18.1008T ref Around 1981, an offshoot of the M typeasteroid branch appeared for minor planets that had a spectra that was indistinguishable from M type, but they also had low albedo that did not lie within the M type criteria. These were initially labeled X type asteroids, then type DM dark M or PM pseudo M , before acquiring their own unique classification as P type asteroids where the P indicates pseudo M . ref name 18lpsc Properties The P type asteroids are some ..., similar to carbonaceous chondrites. Their colors are somewhat redder than S typeasteroid s and they do ... accessdate 2009 09 17 ref The outer part of the main asteroid belt beyond 2.6 Astronomical Unit AU from the Sun is dominated by low albedo C, D and P type asteroids. These are primitive asteroids that may ... P TypeAsteroid Category Asteroid spectral classes Category P type asteroids hy P ...P type asteroids have low albedo and a featureless reddish electromagnetic spectrum . It has been suggested ... of P type asteroids can be reproduced through a combination of 31 CI and 49 CM groups of carbonaceous ... et al . title What are the P type Asteroids Made Of? booktitle Proceedings, 35th Lunar and Planetary ... ref The distribution of P type asteroids peaks at an orbital distance of 4 AU. ref cite book ... Cambridge University Press page 101 isbn 0521587514 ref Asteroids classified as P type include ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2007 Image PallasHST2007.jpg thumb right 2 Pallas Pallas , the largest B typeasteroid. B type asteroids are a relatively uncommon type of carbon aceous asteroid , falling into the wider C typeasteroid C group asteroids C group . In the asteroid population, B class objects are abundant in the outer asteroid belt , and also dominate the high inclination Pallas family which includes the second largest asteroid 2 Pallas . They are thought to be wikt primitive primitive , volatiles volatile rich remnants from the early Solar System . Characteristics Generally similar to the C typeasteroid Characteristics C type objects, but differing in that the ultraviolet absorption below 0.5 m is small or absent, and the spectrum is rather slightly bluish than reddish. The albedo also tends to be greater than in the generally very dark C type. Spectroscopy of B class objects suggest major surface constituents of anhydrous silicates , hydrated clay mineral s, organic polymer s, magnetite , and sulfide s. The closest matches to B class asteroids have been obtained on carbonaceous chondrite meteorite s that have been gently heated in the laboratory . Well Studied B type Asteroids Asteroid 1999 RQ36 is a B typeasteroid which is the target of the OSIRIS REx mission. The mission seeks to characterize the asteroid by mapping the surface, studying the Yarkovsky Effect , and retrieving a sample of the asteroid to return in 2023. The spacecraft will launch in 2016. See also Asteroid spectral types Asteroids Small Solar System bodies Category Asteroid spectral classes Category B type asteroids asteroid stub hy B it Asteroide di tipo B ja B no B type asteroide nn B type asteroide pl Asteroida klasy B ru B sk Plan tka typu B sl Asteroid tipa B zh B ... more details
The rare O type asteroids have spectra similar to the unusual asteroid 3628 Boznemcov , which is the best asteroid match to the spectra of L6 and LL6 ordinary chondrite meteorites . Their spectra have a deep absorption feature longward of 0.75 m. See also Asteroid spectral types References div id Bus2002 S. J. Bus and R. P. Binzel Phase II of the Small Main belt Asteroid Spectroscopy Survey A feature based taxonomy , Icarus, Vol. 158, pp. 146 2002 . div Asteroids MinorPlanets Footer Category Asteroid spectral classes Category O type asteroids Category Main Belt asteroids beltasteroid stub hy O nn O type asteroide ru O sk Plan tka typu O sl Asteroid tipa O yo O typeasteroid zh O ... more details
File Steins Rosetta.jpg thumb right E Typeasteroid 2867 teins . E type asteroids are asteroid s thought to have enstatite achondrite surfaces. They form a large proportion of asteroids inward of the main belt known as Hungaria asteroid s, ref name isbn0 521 58751 4 cite book author McSween, Harry Y. authorlink editor others title Meteorites and their parent planets edition language publisher Cambridge University Press location Cambridge, UK year 1999 origyear pages 168 quote isbn 0 521 58751 4 oclc doi url http books.google.com ?id BtNJoP5HlU8C&pg PA168&dq 22E typeasteroid 22 22Hungaria asteroids 22 accessdate ref but rapidly become very rare as the main belt proper is entered. There are, however, some that are quite far from the inner edge of the main belt, such as 64 Angelina . They are thought to have originated from the highly reduced mantle of a differentiated asteroid. They have a high albedo 0.3 or better , which distinguishes them from the more common M typeasteroid M typeasteroid .....41.1759Z issue 12 ref This grouping may be related to the X typeasteroid Xe type of the asteroid ... s Rosetta spacecraft visited asteroid the E typeasteroid 2867 teins . ref name keller http www.sciencemag.org cgi content abstract 327 5962 190 H. U. Keller, et all E TypeAsteroid 2867 Steins as Imaged ... . See also Asteroid spectral types L typeasteroid S typeasteroid X typeasteroid 2867 teins References reflist Asteroids Small Solar System bodies Category Asteroid spectral classes Category E type asteroids Category X type asteroids asteroid stub Refimprove date September 2008 hy E it Asteroide di tipo E hu E t pus kisbolyg k ja E no E type asteroide nn E type asteroide pl Asteroida klasy E ru E sk Plan tka typu E sl Asteroid tipa E zh E ... achondrite meteorites are believed to come from E type asteroids. ref cite journal last Zellner ... science.1179559 ref Spectral data from the spacecraft confirmed the asteroid was composed mainly of iron ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2009 Q type asteroids are relatively uncommon inner belt asteroid s with a strong, broad 1 micrometre olivine and pyroxene feature, and a spectral slope that indiciates the presence of metal. There are absorption features shortwards and longwards of 0.7 m, and the spectrum is generally intermediate between the V typeasteroid V and S typeasteroid S type . Q type asteroids are spectrally more similar to ordinary chondrite meteorites types H chondrite H , L chondrite L , LL chondrite LL than any other asteroidtype. This has led scientists to speculate that they are abundant, but only a few of this type has been characterized. Examples of Q type asteroids are 1862 Apollo and 2063 Bacchus , as well as the unnumbered asteroids 1991 BN and 1997 US9 . See also Asteroid spectral types Asteroids Small Solar System bodies asteroid stub Category Asteroid spectral classes Category Q type asteroids hy Q no Q type asteroide nn Q type asteroide ru Q sk Plan tka typu Q sl Asteroid tipa Q zh Q ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 R type asteroids are moderately bright, relatively uncommon inner belt asteroid s that are spectrally intermediate between the V typeasteroid V and A typeasteroid s. The spectrum shows distinct olivine and pyroxene features at 1 and 2 micrometre s, with a possibility of plagioclase . Shortwards of 0.7 m the spectrum is very reddish. The IRAS mission has classified 4 Vesta , 148 Gallia , 246 Asporina , 349 Dembowska , 571 Dulcinea and 937 Bethgea as type R however, the re classification of Vesta, the V archetype, is debatable. Of these bodies, only 349 Dembowska is recognized as being type R when all wavelengths are taken into account. See also Asteroid spectral types Asteroids Small Solar System bodies DEFAULTSORT R TypeAsteroid Category Asteroid spectral classes Category R type asteroids Asteroid stub hy R no R type asteroide nn R type asteroide ru R sk Plan tka typu R sl Asteroid tipa R zh R ... more details
K type asteroids are relatively uncommon asteroid s with a moderately reddish spectrum shortwards of 0.75 m, and a slight bluish trend longwards of this. They have a low albedo . Their spectrum resembles that of Chondrites Carbonaceous chondrites CV and CO meteorite s. These asteroids were described as featureless S typeasteroid S types in the asteroid spectral types Tholen classification Tholen classification . The K type was proposed by J. F. Bell and colleagues in 1988 for bodies having a particularly shallow 1 m absorption feature, and lacking the 2 m absorption. These were found during studies of the Eos family of asteroids. See also Asteroid spectral types L typeasteroid S typeasteroid X typeasteroid 181 Eucharis 221 Eos 402 Chlo 417 Suevia References http adsabs.harvard.edu cgi bin nph bib query?bibcode 1988Metic..23S.256B& db key AST& data type HTML& format & high 431c3bcedc05327 J. F. Bell A probable asteroidal parent body for the CV and CO chondrites , Meteoritics, Vol. 23, pp. 256 1988 . http adsabs.harvard.edu cgi bin nph bib query?bibcode 1988LPI....19...57B& db key AST& data type HTML& format & high 431c3bcedc05327 J. F. Bell et al. The 52 color asteroid survey Final results and interpretation , Lunar and Planetary Science, Vol. 19, pp. 57 1988 . Asteroids MinorPlanets Footer Category Asteroid spectral classes Category K type asteroids asteroid stub hy K no K type asteroide nn K type asteroide ru K sk Plan tka typu K sl Asteroid tipa K zh K ... more details
M type asteroids are asteroid s of partially known composition they are moderately bright albedo 0.1 0.2 . Some, but not all, are made of nickel iron , either pure or mixed with small amounts of stone. These are thought to be pieces of the metallic core of differentiated asteroids that were fragmented by impacts, and are thought to be the source of iron meteorite s. M type asteroids are the third most common asteroidtype. There are also M types whose composition is uncertain. For example, 22 Kalliope ... as characteristics more in common with C typeasteroid s. A variety of other M type asteroids do not fit well into a metallic body picture. M typeAsteroid spectral types spectra are flat to reddish .....158..146B ref Observational history 16 Psyche is the largest M typeasteroid, and does appear to be metallic. 21 Lutetia , an anomalous, probably non metallic body, was the first M typeasteroid to be imaged by a spacecraft when the Rosetta space probe visited it on July 10, 2010. Another M type ... bone like shape. M type was one of three basic asteroid types in early classifications the others being the S typeasteroid S and C typeasteroid C types , and was thought to indicate a metallic body. See also Asteroid spectral types References reflist 2 Asteroids Small Solar System bodies Category Asteroid spectral classes Category M type asteroids Category X type asteroids bg fr Ast ro des de type M hy M it Asteroide di tipo M hu M t pus kisbolyg k ja M no M type asteroide nn M type asteroide pl Asteroida klasy M ru M sk Plan tka typu M sl Asteroid tipa M th M uk M zh M ... type asteroids 16 Psyche and 22 Kalliope journal Solar System Research year 1982 volume 16 pages ..., ref name Margi01 cite journal author C. Magri et al. title Radar constraints on asteroid regolith ... Binzel title Phase II of the Small Main belt Asteroid Spectroscopy Survey A feature based taxonomy ... more details
The spectra of the V type asteroids or Vestoids are similar to that of 4 Vesta , by far the largest asteroid in this class hence the name . A large proportion have orbital elements similar to those of 4 Vesta, either close enough to be part of the Vesta family , or having similar eccentricity orbit eccentricities and inclination s but with a semi major axis lying between about 2.18 Astronomical unit ... 10.1006 icar.2002.6856 bibcode 2002Icar..158..146B ref The V type asteroids are moderately bright, and rather similar to the more common S typeasteroid S type , which are also made up of Rock geology stony iron s and ordinary chondrite s. This rather rare type of asteroid contains more pyroxene than the S typeasteroid S type . The electromagnetic spectrum has a very strong absorption feature longward ... See also Asteroid spectral types References Reflist Asteroids Small Solar System bodies DEFAULTSORT V TypeAsteroid Category Asteroid spectral classes Category V type asteroids hy V it Asteroide di tipo V no V type asteroide nn V type asteroide pl Asteroida klasy V ru V simple V typeasteroid sk Plan tka typu V sl Asteroid tipa V th V ... name Bus02 cite journal author S. J. Bus and R. P. Binzel title Phase II of the Small Main belt Asteroid ... wavelength spectrum of the V type asteroids including 4 Vesta itself is similar to the spectra of basaltic achondrite HED meteorite s. A J type asteroids J type has been suggested for asteroids having ... journal author R. P. Binzel and S. Xu title Chips off of asteroid 4 Vesta Evidence for the parent ... deeper parts of the crust of 4 Vesta. Distribution The vast majority of V type asteroids are members of the Vesta family along with Vesta itself. There are some Mars crosser asteroid Mars crossers ... author V. Carruba et al. title On the V type asteroids outside the Vesta family journal Astronomy ... 1459 Magnya Orbits in the outer asteroid belt, too far from Vesta to be genetically related. Citation ... more details
Infobox automobile image Image MG D Type.jpg 250px name MG Dtype Midget manufacturer MG car MG Car Company production 1931 1932 br 250 made predecessor MG M type MG M Type Midget successor MG J type MG J Type Midget class FR layout br sports car body style four seat roadster br four seat Salonette engine 847 cc Straight 4 In line 4 Image Vintagemg.jpg thumb 250px right A 1932 M.G. DType modified to be used in competition. commons category MG DType The MG Dtype Midget was produced by the MG car MG Car company in 1931 and 1932. It used the engine from the MG M type in the chassis from the MG C type and was only available as a four seater. Of the 250 cars produced, 208 were open tourers, 37 were salonettes and five went to external coachbuilders. The car used the M Type 847 cc engine that was derived from the overhead camshaft engine from the 1928 Morris Motors Morris Minor and Wolseley Motors Wolseley 10 with a single SU carburettor producing convert 27 bhp abbr on at 4500 rpm. Drive ... Type replicas. At the same time as the DType was being made MG was also offering the 6 cylinder 1271 cc MG F type F Type , and externally the two are virtually identical. The extra power of the F Type made it a much better car, and it proved a bigger seller. Gallery gallery Image MG DType 1931.jpg M.G. DType 4 Seater Tourer 1931 Image MG DType 1932 2.jpg M.G. DType 4 Seater Tourer 1932 Image MG DType 1932.jpg M.G. DType 4 Seater Tourer 1932 Image MG DType Special Racer 1932.jpg M.G. DType Special Racer 1932 gallery References MG Sportscars. Malcolm Green. CLB International. 1997 ISBN ... 1 870979 38 9 see also www.mgdgroup.org Category MG vehicles D Category Vehicles introduced in 1931 de MG DType sv MG M Type Midget ... was an option on later cars. The chassis came from the C Type and took the form of a ladder frame with tubular ... 2184 mm after the first 100 cars, the wheelbase was longer than the C Type to cater for the larger ... more details
TypeD personality , a concept used in the field of medical psychology, is defined as the joint tendency ... and a lack of self assurance . The letter D stands for Stress medicine distressed . Individuals with a TypeD personality have the tendency to experience increased negative emotions across time and situations .... Johan Denollet, ref http www.tilburguniversity.nl corps Website TypeD research ref professor ..., and existing theories of Personality psychology personality . The prevalence of TypeD personality ... standard assessment of negative affectivity, social inhibition, and TypeD personality journal Psychosomatic ... url http bentham.org ccr openaccessarticles ccr2 3 D0006CR.pdf title Is TypeD Personality ... has shown that Coronary heart disease CHD patients with a TypeD Personality type personality have a worse prognosis following a myocardial infarction MI as compared to patients without a TypeD personality. TypeD is associated with a 4 fold increased risk of mortality, recurrent MI, or sudden ... ref ref cite journal author Denollet, J., Vaes, J., & Brutsaert, D. L. title Inadequate response to treatment in coronary heart disease adverse effects of typeD personality and younger age on 5 year ... pmid 10931802 url http circ.ahajournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 10931802 ref TypeD personality ... 14 item questionnaire, the TypeD Scale DS14 . ref name Denollet2005 Seven items refer to negative ... dimensions are classified as TypeD. The DS14 can be applied in clinical practice for the risk stratification of cardiac patients. TypeD has also been addressed with respect to common somatic complaints ... of health ar nl TypeD persoonlijkheid ... author Denollet, J., Sys, S. U., Stroobant, N., Rombouts, H., Gillebert, T. C., & Brutsaert, D. L ... 10.1016 S0140 6736 96 90007 0 ref ref cite journal author Denollet, J., & Brutsaert, D. L. title Personality ... pmid 18285719 doi 10.1097 DBP.0b013e31815f24e1 ref See also Neuroticism Psychosomatic medicine Type ... more details
XKD name Jaguar DType manufacturer Jaguar Cars production 1954&ndash 1957 class Sports car racing ... The Jaguar DType , like its predecessor the Jaguar C Type C Type , was a factory built race car . Although ... XKSS versions. Design image Jaguar Dtype interior.jpg thumb right 250px DType cockpit. Image ... chassis did not allow full expression of his talent. For the DType, Sayer insisted on a minimal frontal ... progressed during the DType s competition life the engine was also revised. 1955 saw the introduction ... E Type . Competition history Image Jaguar XKD403.JPG thumb right 250px Jaguar DType XKD403 , winner of the 1954 Reims 12 Hours race. The DType, produced by a team whose leader was Jaguar s race ... Juan Manuel Fangio s SLR was in the lead, and Jaguar opted to continue. The DType driven ... for swerving his DType in front of the Austin Healey. Image Jaguar XKD 606 1956.jpg thumb right 250px Jaguar DType XKD606 , winner of the 1957 24 Hours of Le Mans 1957 Le Mans 24 Hours race , in Ecurie ... works cars finished, in 6th place, the race was won by a DType entered by the small Edinburgh ... motorsport at the end of the 1956 season, 1957 proved to be the DType s most successful year. D Types ... result in the DType s racing history. A change in the rules for the 1957 24 Hours of Le Mans ... of the DType with its 3.8 litre XK engine. Jaguar developed a 3 litre version to power D Types ... power to be competitive. Listen filename Jaguar DType Long Nose 1956 .ogg title 1956 Jaguar DType Long Nose description Jaguar DType Long Nose at Goodwood Festival of Speed 2009 The DType ... The first factory production DType XKD 509 was sold at Bonhams auction for 2,201,500 in July 2008. The previous ... references External links commons category Jaguar DType http www.coventryracers.com Coventry ... jaguarxkss.htm Steve McQueen s XKSS Jaguar Category Jaguar vehicles DType Category Rear ... race cars cs Jaguar DType de Jaguar DType fa fr Jaguar DType it Jaguar DType nl ... more details
Infobox automobile name Audi TypeD image manufacturer Audi Audi Automobilwerke GmbH Zwickau br from 1915 Audi Werke Zwickau parent company Auto Union production 1912 1920 assembly Germany predecessor successor class layout platform related sp uk The Audi TypeD was introduced in 1911. The vehicle had a four cylinder in line engine with 4.7 litres of displacement. It developed 45 PS over a four speed countershaft gearbox and a propeller shaft, which drove the rear wheels. The car had a ladder frame and two leaf sprung solid axles. The TypeD was available as a four seat touring car or four door sedan. Until 1920, only 53 copies of the car were built. Source Schrader, Halwart Deutsche Autos 1885 1920, Motorbuch Verlag Stuttgart, 1. Auflage 2002 , ISBN 3 613 02211 7 Category Audi vehicles Category 1910s automobiles Category 1920s automobiles ... more details
Infobox Automobile image File Vauxhall 25 December 1922 3970cc.JPG 250px name Vauxhall Dtype manufacturer Vauxhall Motors assembly Luton production 1913 1922 predecessor successor Vauxhall 23 60 OD type body style layout FR layout class length wheelbase convert 132 in mm 0 abbr on ref name BritishCars cite book last Culshaw first authorlink coauthors Horrobin title Complete Catalogue of British Cars year 1974 publisher Macmillan location London id ISBN 0 333 16689 2 ref track convert 54 in mm 0 abbr on engine 3969 cc straight 4 I4 The Vauxhall Dtype was a car manufactured by Vauxhall Motors from 1913 to 1922. Many were supplied to the British Army in World War I for use as a staff car . History In 1911 Vauxhall had introduced its Vauxhall Prince Henry C type which had much sporting success and has become known as the Prince Henry. Many of the C type cars were fitted with heavy bodies and to better cater for this trade, Vauxhall re tuned the engine, de rating the maximum power to convert 60 bhp kW 0 abbr on . The car was marketed as the weight carrying chassis ref name AZ1920 . Top speed is around 60 mph. The Vauxhall Dtype was made before Vauxhall became General Motors and at the time it could beat most of the three litre Bentleys, however in 1925 when Vauxhall was taken over by General Motors the designers got angry and went to work for Bentley. This is why the Bentleys after 1925 were better than the Vauxhalls. Engineering The substantial chassis has semi elliptic leaf springs and rigid axles front and rear. The engine, with fixed cylinder head and bore of 95 mm and stroke of 140 mm, drives the rear wheels via a multi plate clutch and four speed transmission separated ... 53 2 ref . It was superseded by the 23 60 OD type which had an overhead valve engine and four wheel brakes. References reflist Category Vauxhall vehicles Dtype Category Vehicles introduced in 1913 fa sco Vauxhall Dtype ... more details
Type A Type A , which crashed on its first turn, and the Handley Page Type A Type C which did not fly at all. Like them the TypeD used the wing patented by Jos Weiss that promised, but failed to deliver ... fin. ref name Barnes1 The TypeD was built for the 1910 Olympia Aero Show and appeared ... monocoque mahogany planked fuselage. This engine was not powerful enough to get the TypeD into the air and a new canvas covered fuselage had to be built to house the 50 hp 37 kW Isaacson from the Type ... sales prospects. ref name Barnes1 Nonetheless, the TypeD was the first Handley Page designed aircraft to fly successfully. In the retrospective redesignations of 1924 the TypeD became ... TypeD ... primary user number built 1 developed from variants with their own articles The Handley Page TypeD or H.P.4 was a single seat, single engined Tractor configuration tractor monoplane , the first Handley Page design to fly for more than a few hops. Only one was built. Development The TypeD was the third and last of Handley Page s early single seat monoplanes the Type B being a biplane . ref name ... the Type A crash, Handley Page had added wing warping for lateral control to the Type C. The TypeD also used this system, with a steering wheel pulling on wires to the mid wing via the kingpost ... type Isaacson 5 cylinder air cooled radial eng1 kw 37 prop engines eng1 hp 50 prop engines eng1 kn ... number eng2 type eng2 kw prop engines eng2 hp prop engines eng2 kn jet rocket engines eng2 lbf jet ... Page Aircraft since 1907 last Barnes first C.H. last2 James first2 D. N. year 1987 publisher Putnam ... more details
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