no references date May 2011 In computer networking DHCP snooping is a series of techniques applied to ensure the security of an existing DHCP infrastructure. When Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP servers are allocating IP address es to the clients on the Local area network LAN , DHCP snooping can be configured on LAN switches to harden the security on the LAN to allow only clients with specific IP MAC address es to have access to the network. Description DHCP snooping is a series of layer 2 techniques that ensures IP integrity on a Layer 2 switched domain. It works with information from a DHCP server to Track the physical location of hosts. Ensure that hosts only use the IP addresses assigned to them. Ensure that only authorized DHCP servers are accessible. With DHCP snooping, only a whitelist of IP addresses may access the network. The whitelist is configured at the switch port level, and the DHCP server manages the access control. Only specific IP addresses with specific MAC address es on specific ports may access the IP network. DHCP snooping also can prevent attackers from adding their own DHCP servers to the network. An attacker controlled DHCP server could cause malfunction of the network or even control it. DHCP snooping is an important component in the defense against ARP spoofing . ARP security checks the IP address in the Source Protocol Address field of ARP packets. If that IP address is not an address that DHCP snooping has recorded as being in use by a host connected to the ingress port of the ARP, then the ARP packet is dropped. Implementations Some Cisco Catalyst switches switches have an inbuilt DHCP snooping capability. ref cite web title Configure Your Catalyst for a More Secure Layer 2 author Charlie Schluting date 2005 01 20 publisher Enterprise ... 12 28 the configuration of dhcp snooping The Configuration of DHCP Snooping Category Internet standards Category Application layer protocols nl DHCP snooping zh DHCP snooping ... more details
A rogue DHCP server is a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP server on a network which is not under the administrative control of the network staff. It is a network device such as a modem or a router computing router connected to the network by a user who may be either unaware of the consequences of their actions or may be knowingly using it for network attacks such as Man in the middle attack man in the middle . Some kind of computer viruses or malicious software have been found to setup a rogue DHCP, especially for those classified in the Rootkit category. As clients connect to the network, both the rogue and legal DHCP server will offer them IP address es as well as default gateway , Domain name system DNS servers, Windows Internet Naming Service WINS servers, among others. If the information provided by the rogue DHCP differs from the real one, clients accepting IP addresses from it may experience network access problems, including speed issues as well as inability to reach other hosts because of incorrect IP network or gateway. In addition, if a rogue DHCP is set to provide as default gateway an IP address of a machine controlled by a misbehaving user, he can sniff all the traffic sent by the clients to other networks, violating network security policies as well as user privacy see man in the middle . Rogue DHCP servers can be stopped by means of intrusion detection system s with appropriate signatures as well as by some multilayer switches, which can be configured to drop the packets. External links Rogue DHCP servers can be detected using the software http go.microsoft.com ... 2003, Server 2008 http www.net.princeton.edu software dhcp probe dhcp probe UNIX http www.softperfect.com ... Windows XP, Server 2003 http www.sqlsecurity.com downloads dhcp sentry DHCP Sentry Win32 DHCP Sentry tool https roguedetect.bountysource.com Rogue detect Perl http odhcploc.sourceforge.net Open DHCP ... de Rogue DHCP ... more details
Image peg dhcp from what the hack holland 2005.jpg thumb right Peg DHCP implemented Pegs and network information used at What the Hack 2005. Peg DHCP is a method defined in RFC 2322 to assign IP address es in a context where regular DHCP wouldn t work. The server hands out wooden Clothes pin clothes pegs numbered with the IPs to allocate and an additional leaflet with network information. The client , typically the user, then configures his device accordingly. Even though this Request for Comments RFC , Management of IP numbers by peg dhcp was published on the first of April 1998, it describes, unlike most other April Fools Day RFC s, a regularly used protocol with a serious purpose. During the preparation of Hacking in Progress 1997, the organizers were looking for a robust way to assign IP addresses to the participants. The obvious first choice, DHCP, almost completely defenseless against rogue servers, was not retained considering the traditionally creative use of the network. Instead, for every IP to allocate, the variable host part is written on a wooden peg with waterproof marker. The user would then attach it to the cable connecting that device to the network. The peg is accompanied by a leaflet with further information such as the static net part of the IP address, the netmask , the default gateway , Domain Name System DNS servers, and often also their MAC address es to prevent ARP spoofing . Different subnets, such as Local Area Network LAN and Wireless LAN WLAN are distinguished by different colors used to write on the pegs. Peg DHCP was successfully used on Hacking ..., there was a division between regular IP address distribution via DHCP and the fixed IP addresses, distributed via Peg DHCP. To obtain an IP address via Peg DHCP, one had to note the subnet number on their field ... Peg Dhcp Category Internet standards Category Internet protocols Category Hacking computer security Category Hacking programmer subculture de Peg DHCP ... more details
DHCP in the context of computing can stand for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol , one of the protocols in the TCP IP networking suite Decentralized Hospital Computer Program , an information system used throughout the United States Department of Veterans Affairs Directed Hamiltonian Cycle Problem, an instance of Hamiltonian Cycle Problem for a directed graph disambig ... more details
Superscope may refer to Superscope, an anamorphic widescreen and full screen process Superscope 235 is identical to today s Super 35 . Also, the name of the company that developed Superscope 235 Superscope Inc., founded in 1954 by the Tushinsky Brothers. Superscope, an extension to the Microsoft DHCP DHCP Server Nintendo Super Scope , a computer pointing and controlling device a light gun Superscope story teller , a series of children s book and audiocassette sets dab ... more details
nofootnotes date February 2011 dhcpd also spelled DHCPD or referred to as a DHCP server is a common name for the daemon computer software daemon that allows a Server computing server to provide a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP service to a computer network network . Client computing Clients may solicit an IP address IP from a DHCP server when they need one. The DHCP server then offers the lease of an IP address to the client, which the client is free to request or ignore. If the client requests it and the server acknowledges it, then the client is permitted to use that IP address for the lease time specified by the server. At some point before the lease expires, the client must re request the same IP address if it wishes to continue to use it. Issued IP addresses are tracked by dhcpd through a record in the dhcpd.leases file. This allows the server to maintain state over restarts of the dhcp service, which could otherwise lead to duplicate IP addresses being issued when server issued the same IP address again while another client still has the right to use it. A reference implementation of dhcpd is developed by the Internet Systems Consortium and is supported on Solaris operating system Solaris , FreeBSD , OpenBSD , NetBSD and Linux . External links http oob.freeshell.org nzwireless dhcpd.html Configuring dhcpd on a wireless access point http www.isc.org software dhcp dhcpd section in the ISC website ftp ftp.isc.org isc dhcp Official FTP repository http www.linuxcommand.org man pages dhcpd8.html dhcpd man page http www.daemon systems.org man dhcpd.conf.5.html dhcp.conf man page Category Servers computing Category Unix network related software network software stub ... more details
Orphan date January 2012 Udhcpc is a very small DHCP client geared towards embedded systems . The letters are an abbreviation for Micro DHCP Client DHCPc . The program tries to be fully functional and http www.ietf.org rfc rfc2131 RFC 2131 compliant. It is usually distributed as one of the utilities in BusyBox . Other Linux DHCP servers out there such as the ISC DHCP server are targeted at larger systems such as Personal computer PC s with more RAM disk space etc. . As a result, the udhcp package does not have as large a feature set as some of these DHCP packages. Compiled against uClibc , both the server and client binaries are around 18k and when compiled as one combined binary, has a size of 28k. udhcp is a perfect fit for embedded systems requiring DHCP capabilities. The udhcp server lease file is in binary format making the additional storage space required for Internet Protocol IP and MAC address es minimal. It also has the option of storing lease times in absolute form, or relative form, for systems without a clock. The lease file can also be saved periodically or by using a signal for systems with flash memory. The client accepts all options on the command line, and calls external scripts to handle the configuration of interfaces to allow for further flexibility. Udhcp was originally developed in 1999 by Matthew Ramsay and distributed under the GNU GPL by Moreton Bay. ref http www.linuxjournal.com node 3965 print Linux Journal PPTP Implementation ref External links http busybox.net Busybox References reflist Category Embedded systems Compu stub ... more details
Protocol UDP , Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP and Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP and of concepts ... Proxy DHCP in order to receive information about available PXE boot servers. After parsing ... of a proxy DHCP, but a Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP boot server is still required. Availability ... a combination of DHCP and TFTP, albeit with subtle modifications to both. DHCP is used ... 67 UDP DHCP server port . The PXE options identify the firmware as capable of PXE, but they will be ignored by standard DHCP servers. If the firmware receives DHCPOFFERs from such servers, it may configure itself by requesting one of the offered configurations. Proxy DHCP If a PXE redirection service Proxy DHCP receives an extended DHCPDISCOVER , it replies with an extended DHCPOFFER to the client s port 68 UDP DHCP client port . An extended DHCPOFFER contains mainly a PXE Discovery Control field ... to see the boot menu a timeout to launch the first boot menu entry if it expires The Proxy DHCP service may also run on the same server computing host as the standard DHCP service. Since two services cannot share port 67 UDP, the Proxy DHCP runs on port 4011 UDP and expects the extended DHCPDISCOVER packets from PXE Clients to be DHCPREQUESTs. The standard DHCP service has to send a special combination of PXE options in its DHCPOFFER, so the PXE client knows to look for a Proxy DHCP on the same ... address perhaps from a DHCP server . It multicast s or unicast s a small DHCP small REQUEST big packet extended with PXE specific options extended small DHCP small REQUEST big to port 4011 UDP or broadcasts ... small DHCP small REQUEST may be a small DHCP small INFORM . A PXE Boot Server receiving an extended small DHCP small REQUEST configured for the requested type and client architecture responds with an extended small DHCP small ACK big including the complete file path to download the NBP via TFTP. PXE ... small DHCP small OFFER . A 2.1 version PXE Boot Server supports Boot Integrity Services ref ... more details
MAC Forced Forwarding MACFF is used to control unwanted broadcast traffic and host to host communication. This is achieved by directing network traffic from hosts located on the same subnet but at different locations to an upstream gateway device. This provides security at Layer 2 since no traffic is able to pass directly between the hosts. MACFF is suitable for Ethernet networks where a layer 2 bridging device, known as an Ethernet Access Node EAN , connects Access Routers to their clients. MACFF is configured on the EANs. MACFF is described in RFC 4562, MAC Forced Forwarding A Method for Subscriber Separation on an Ethernet Access Network. Allied Telesis switches implement MACFF ref http www.alliedtelesis.com media datasheets howto macff w dhcp vlans sd b.pdf Using MACFF with DHCP Snooping ref using DHCP snooping to maintain a database of the hosts that appear on each switch port. When a host tries to access the network through a switch port, DHCP snooping checks the host s IP address against the database to ensure that the host is valid. MACFF then uses DHCP snooping to check whether the host has a gateway Access Router. If it does, MACFF uses a form of Proxy ARP to reply to any ARP requests, giving the router s MAC address. This forces the host to send all traffic to the router, even traffic destined to a host in the same subnet as the source. The router receives the traffic and makes forwarding decisions based on a set of forwarding rules, typically a QoS policy or a set of filters. References reflist Category Internet protocols Category Internet standards ... more details
IPstack DHCPv6 is the version of the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP for IPv6 Internet Protocol Version 6 IPv6 networks. In addition to IPv6 Stateless address autoconfiguration .28SLAAC.29 stateless address autoconfiguration in IPv6, DHCPv6 provides an alternate solution to assign addresses, nameservers and other configuration information in a manner similar to DHCP for IPv4. A notable case is Domain Name System servers used on a network, albeit other mechanisms exist for this in the Neighbor Discovery Protocol . ref RFC 4339, IPv6 Host Configuration of DNS Server Information Approaches , J. Jeong February 2006 ref Operation Port numbers DHCPv6 uses UDP port number 546 for clients and port number 547 for servers. DHCP Unique Identifier The DHCP Unique Identifier DUID is used by a client to get an IP address from a DHCPv6 server. It has a minimum length of 12 bytes 96 bits and a maximum length of 20 bytes 160 bits . Its actual length depends on its type. The server compares the DUID with its database and delivers configuration data address, lease times, DNS servers, etc. to the client. The first 16 bits of a DUID contain the DUID type, of which there are three types. The meaning of the remaining 96 bits depend on the DUID type. Example In this example, the server s link local address is code fe80 0011 22ff fe33 5566 64 code and the client s link local address is code fe80 aabb ccff fedd eeff 64 code . DHCPv6 client sends a Solicit from code fe80 aabb ccff fedd eeff 546 code for code ff02 1 2 547 code . DHCPv6 server replies with an Advertise from code fe80 0011 22ff ... software dhcp ISC DHCP , version 4.1.0 and later, for Solaris, Linux and BSD http www.jagornet.com ... DHCP http blogs.technet.com teamdhcp archive 2007 01 23 dhcpv6 behaviour in windows vista.aspx Microsoft ... Protocol SIP Servers RFC 3633, IPv6 Prefix Options for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP version ... 3736, Stateless Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP Service for IPv6 RFC 5007, DHCPv6 Leasequery ... more details
Wiktionarypar snooping Snooping can refer to In computer science Bus sniffing , also known as bus snooping IGMP snooping DHCP snooping and in general listening in to any kind of communication protocol such as Address Resolution Protocol ARP , Transmission Control Protocol TCP and so on In statistics Data snooping bias , a concept in statistics See also Snoop disambiguation Sniffing disambiguation disambig ... more details
Tinc is a self routing, mesh networking protocol, used for data compression compressed , encrypted , virtual private networks . It was started in 1998 by Guus Sliepen , Ivo Timmermans , and Robert van der Meulen , and released as a GPL licensed project. Supported network transports IPv4 IPv6 Virtualized Ethernet via TUN TAP driver Embedded technologies OpenSSL encryption library zlib best compression LZO fast compression Projects that use tinc Freifunk tinc was enabled in their routers as of October 2006 http www.the mesh.org tiki read article.php?articleId 39 . OpenWrt has an installable package for tinc. External links http www.tinc vpn.org Homepage http tinc vpn.org examples simple bridging with dhcp server side Debian GNU Linux tinc dhcp bridging setup http www.vanheusden.com Linux tinc mini howto.html Quick & Dirty TINC setup http en.gentoo wiki.com wiki Tinc Gentoo Linux tinc setup compu network stub VPN Category Internet protocols Category Routing protocols Category Internet Protocol based network software ... more details
without having user accounts to track user activity illegal or otherwise or DHCP to automate IP assignment ... server s Directory services Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP Domain Name System DNS e Mail ... more details
DHCP server supports static and dynamic DHCP leases and multiple networks and IP ranges. It works across BOOTP relays and supports DHCP options including RFC 3397 DNS search lists. Machines configured via DHCP have their names automatically included in the DNS and the names can be specified ... ppp or dhcp configuration. It will automatically reload this information if it changes. This facility ... more details
NOTOC Infobox software name Nimbus logo screenshot caption developer Kate Keahey, Tim Freeman, et al. released TP2.2 2009 01 09 frequently updated yes programming language Java programming language Java , Python programming language Python operating system Linux language genre Cloud computing license Apache License Apache License version 2 website URL http www.nimbusproject.org Nimbus is an open source toolkit that, once installed on a Cluster computing cluster , provides an infrastructure as a Service cloud computing cloud to its client via Web Services Resource Framework WSRF based or Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud Amazon EC2 Web Services Description Language WSDL web service Application programming interface APIs . Nimbus supports the Xen hypervisor or Kernel based Virtual Machine KVM and virtual machine schedulers Portable Batch System PBS and Sun Grid Engine SGE . It allows deployment of self configured virtual clusters via contextualization. ref Keahey, K., Freeman, T. 2008 . Contextualization Providing One Click Virtual Clusters , 2008 Fourth IEEE International Conference on eScience, pp.301 308. doi 10.1109 eScience.2008.82 ref It is configurable with respect to scheduling, networking leases, and usage accounting. Requirements Xen 3.x Kernel based Virtual Machine Java programming language Java 1.5 Python programming language Python 2.4 ebtables filtering tool for a bridging firewall DHCP server See also portalbox Free software Computer science Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud Amazon EC2 computing and storage provider Cloud computing comparison Eucalyptus computing Eucalyptus alternative open source IaaS software Xen hypervisor References Reflist External links http www.nimbusproject.org Nimbus website http www.scienceclouds.org Science Clouds available http www.xen.org Xen hypervisor http ebtables.sourceforge.net ebtables software https www.isc.org software dhcp ISC DHCP software Cloud computing Category Cloud infrastructure Category Free software for cloud comput ... more details
does not test DHCP https code.google.com p chromium issues detail?id 18575 ref ref Firefox bug Proxy autodiscovery doesn t check DHCP option 252 https bugzilla.mozilla.org show bug.cgi?id 356831 ref WPAD ... Host Configuration Protocol DHCP or the Domain Name System DNS Before fetching its first page, a web browser implementing this method sends the local DHCP server a DHCPINFORM query, and uses the URL from the WPAD option in the server s reply. If the DHCP server does not provide the desired ... These are examples and may not be live URLs. Notes DHCP has a higher priority than DNS if DHCP provides the WPAD URL, no DNS lookup is performed. Notice that Firefox does not support DHCP, only DNS ... DHCP https code.google.com p chromium issues detail?id 18575 ref ref Firefox bug Proxy autodiscovery doesn t check DHCP option 252 https bugzilla.mozilla.org show bug.cgi?id 356831 ref DNS lookup removes ... see security below . For DNS lookups, the path of the configuration file is always wpad.dat . For the DHCP ... the DHCP and DNS method, the DNS method is supported by most major browsers. Requirements In order for WPAD to work, a few requirements have to be met In order to use DHCP, the server must be configured ... s browser An attacker inside a network can set up a DHCP server that hands out the URL of a malicious ... can trust all the DHCP servers in an organisation and that all possible wpad domains for the organisation ... network Scenario on how to configure DHCP, DNS and PAC file in a windows network http www.grape ... more details
Weasel date March 2009 ActiveArmor is a hardware Firewall networking firewall designed by Nvidia that s built into their higher range nForce4 nForce4 Ultra chipset motherboard s. It can reduce CPU load by making some simple OSI model layer 2 checks on incoming packets and discarding obviously malicious packets before they are sent to the CPU. It is an effective protection against some same subnet based attacks such as ARP poisoning , rogue DHCP servers and Spoofing attack spoofed MAC address es. Unfortunately it is essentially broken in its current implementation, with serious issues with data corruption and memory leak . It is so bad that programs such as Torrent actually warn users at start up to disable it. ref http www.utorrent.com faq incompatible software faq1 Torrent Incompatible Software FAQ ref References references Category Nvidia compu hardware stub ... more details
Gateway Setup Assistant is a tool in Apple Computer s Mac OS X Server versions 10.4 and higher that guides users through setting up Mac OS X Server as an internet gateway . The Gateway Setup Assistant assumes two network interface controller network interfaces and will automatically configure computing configure the DHCP , Network address translation NAT , Firewall computing firewall , Domain Name System DNS , and VPN services. External links http www.apple.com server macosx features networkingvpn.html Apple Product page http images.apple.com server pdfs Network Services v10.4.pdf Apple documentation PDF Mac OS X Server Category Mac OS X Server compsci stub mac stub it Gateway Setup Assistant ... more details
A Standalone server is a type of Server computing server that is not part of a larger network infrastructure such as an Active Directory domain. In a general sense, a standalone server provides services to clients without relying on any external resources, including authentication. However, in the Windows Server System , a server can either be a Domain Controller , a Member server joined to a Windows Server domain domain , or a Standalone server joined to a Workgroup computer networking workgroup . Therefore, a single server that is hosting an Active Directory domain would be considered a Domain Controller and not a standalone server. See also Server computing Domain Controller Windows Server domain External links http technet.microsoft.com en us library cc736903.aspx Using RRAS on a stand alone server http technet.microsoft.com en us library cc781697.aspx Using DHCP on a stand alone server Category Servers computing ... more details
Address translation or address resolution may refer to Address Resolution Protocol or ARP, a computer networking protocol used to find out the hardware address of a host usually a MAC address , when only the network layer address is known Reverse Address Resolution Protocol or RARP, a protocol used to find the network layer address of a host, based only on the hardware address. This protocol has been rendered obsolete by both BOOTP and DHCP Domain name system or DNS, which is used to translate network addresses to human recognizable domain names CPU cache Address translation virtual to physical address translation disambig ... more details
notability date October 2010 advert date October 2010 Infobox Software name NicheStack TCP IPv4 logo screenshot caption collapsible author developer InterNiche Technologies released latest release version v3.1 latest release date latest preview version latest preview date frequently updated programming language C programming language C operating system Cross platform platform Cross platform size language status genre license Proprietary software website http www.iniche.com nichestack.php Official site NicheStack is a closed source IPv4 network layer and application implementation for operating systems, written in ANSI C and is one of four available from InterNiche Technologies InterNiche Technologies, Inc. , designed for use in embedded systems . Its Transport Layer implementation has historical roots in BSD and the IP layer was derived from a Carnegie Mellon University CMU implementation. NicheStack been deployed in products from http www.iniche.com manylogos.php a wide range of companies . InterNiche s Ftp FTP server, Telnet server, Domain Name System DNS client, Dhcp DHCP client, and IGMP v1 and v2 components are included in the software package. Supporting a wide variety of physical interfaces, NicheStack s Internet Protocol IP layer can be configured as a standard client machine, an IP router, or a multi homed server. NicheStack IPv4 provides a protocol platform for InterNiche s optional Point to Point Protocol PPP , NicheStack HTTP Server Web server , DHCP server, email protocols and SNMP . Also available to run on NicheStack are a number of security modules, including Secure Shell SSH , IPsec Internet Key Exchange IKE and Secure Sockets Layer SSL . NicheStack is marketed as a small footprint, Request for Comments RFC compliant embedded protocol stack. A minimal Boot Client Address Resolution Protocol ARP , IP, Internet Control Message Protocol ICMP , User Datagram Protocol UDP , DHCP. and Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP can be as small as 12.8 KB. A full ... more details
The Ad Hoc Configuration Protocol AHCP is an autoconfiguration protocol for IPv6 and dual stack IPv6 IPv4 networks designed to be used in place of SLAAC router discovery and DHCP on networks where it is difficult or impossible to configure a server within every link layer broadcast domain, for example MANET mobile ad hoc networks . AHCP will automatically configure IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, Domain Name System name servers and Network Time Protocol NTP servers. It will not configure default routes, since it is designed to be run together with a routing protocol such as Babel protocol Babel or OLSR . External links http www.pps.jussieu.fr jch software ahcp AHCP development home page http www.pps.jussieu.fr jch software ahcp draft chroboczek ahcp 00.html Internet draft for the Ad Hoc Configuration Protocol Category IPv6 Category Application layer protocols ... more details
A UDP Helper Address is a special router configuration used to forward broadcast address broadcast network traffic from a Client computing client machine on one subnetwork subnet to a server in another subnetwork subnet . This is used primarily in business environments as way to save money by not having to buy a server computing server for each subnet. Usage Example In networking every machine is given a unique IP address . Groups of machines with similar addresses are considered to be part of the same logical subnet. One method of assigning IPs is Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP in which IPs are given out by single server machine. Normally this machine is on the same subnet as its clients and can answer to their broadcasted DHCP requests. However, in some situations the server is on a different subnet. The problem with this is that most routers in their default state do not pass broadcast address broadcast messages to machines outside the physical subnet. Such messages are essential to the normal operation of certain network services such as DHCP. To resolve this a UDP Helper Address is established in the router configuration to forward broadcast network traffic from the PCs to the DHCP server. The DHCP server responds with a unicast IP address from the given range. It reserves the IP address for the time it can calculate that it can get a response. If the client responds again with a broadcast it distributes the IP address. A helper address can also be used to forward certain other User Datagram Protocol UDP network configuration messages. As a result a UDP helper address is sometimes created to allow two server machines to communicate across different subnets. Implementation Cisco Cisco s first implementation of this protocol was introduced in version 10 of their router software. ref cite web url http www.cisco.com en US docs ios 12 1 iproute command reference 1rdipadr.html title Cisco IOS IP and IP Routing Command Reference, Release 12.1 IP Addressing C ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 IPstack Refimprove date October 2008 Boot Service Discovery Protocol BSDP is an Apple developed, standards conforming extension of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP ref cite web date 2003 12 08 url http opensource.apple.com source bootp bootp 198.1 Documentation BSDP.doc title NetBoot 2.0 Boot Service Discovery Protocol BSDP publisher Apple Inc. Apple Inc accessdate 2010 07 22 format DOC ref . It allows Macintosh computers to Booting boot from bootable images on a Computer network network instead of local storage media such as Compact Disc CD , DVD , or Hard disk drive hard disk . The DHCP options used are the vendor specific information option number 43 and the vendor class identifier option number 60 . There are three versions of BSDP, though usually version 1.0 is used. All versions enable a Client computing client to choose from several bootable images offered by a Server computing server . The http www.opensource.apple.com darwinsource tarballs apsl bootp 133.8.tar.gz reference implementation of BSDP is Darwin operating system Darwin s Bootstrap Protocol BOOTP server, which is part of Mac OS s NetBoot feature. Description Contents of DHCP Vendor Class Identifier The DHCP server and client send a vendor class option that contains an ASCII encoded string with three parts delimited by a character. The first part is AAPLBSDPC , which advertises BSDP capability. The second part is the client s architecture PowerPC ppc or X86 i386 . The third part is a system identifier. For example, an Intel based iMac sends AAPLBSDPC i386 iMac4,1 as its vendor class. Contents of DHCP Vendor Specific Information Options According to RFC 2132 the DHCP Option carrying the number 43 is reserved for vendor specific information. This information is stored in the following format Code Len Vendor specific information 43 n i1 i2 ... If the vendor wants to convey multiple options within this option field, this is done with encapsulated vendor specific extensi ... more details
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