Refimprove date July 2010 Dataloss is an error condition in information system s in which information ... to prevent dataloss or Data recovery restore lost data. Dataloss is distinguished from ... similar effects, data unavailability is temporary, while dataloss may be permanent. Dataloss is also distinct from data spill , although the term dataloss has been sometimes used in those incidents. Citation needed date July 2011 Dataloss incidents can, however, be also data spill incidents, in case ... of dataloss Intentional Action Intentional deletion of a file or program Unintentional Action Accidental ... of dataloss, accounting for roughly three quarters of all incidents. ref http gbr.pepperdine.edu ... is a natural disaster. Although the probability is small, the only way to recover from dataloss due to a natural disaster is to store backup data in a physically separate location. Cost of dataloss The cost of a dataloss event is directly related to the value of the data and the length of time ... Recent statistics show the number of publicized dataloss events involving sensitive data is on the rise ... California SB 1386 , requiring the notification of dataloss. This and other legislation has forced ... Dataloss prevention can rarely be guaranteed. However, the frequency of dataloss and the impact can be greatly mitigated by taking proper precautions. The different types of dataloss demand different ... to data protection has the best chance of avoiding dataloss events. Such an approach will also include ... is probably the most important, and most difficult, aspect of preventing dataloss. Nothing else .... Successful recovery from a dataloss generally requires an effective backup strategy. Without a backup ... backup strategy, restoring a system to the precise state it was in prior to the DataLoss ... is necessary. Furthermore, a DataLoss Event may not be immediately apparent. An effective backup ... immediately accessible whenever a DataLoss Event was noticed. However, in most situations ... more details
Data leakage prevention solution is a system that is designed to detect potential data breach incidents in timely manner and prevent them by monitoring data while in use endpoint actions , in motion network traffic , and at rest data storage ref name dlpbook Asaf Shabtai, Yuval Elovici, Lior Rokach, http www.springer.com computer security and cryptology book 978 1 4614 2052 1 A Survey of Data Leakage Detection and Prevention Solutions , Springer Verlag New York Incorporated, 2012 ref . In data leakage incidents, sensitive data is disclosed to unauthorized personnel either by malicious intent or inadvertent mistake. Such sensitive data can come in the form of private or company information, intellectual property IP , financial or patient information, credit card data, and other information depending on the business and the industry. The terms dataloss and data leakage are closely related and are often used interchangeably, though they are somewhat different. Dataloss incidents turn into data ..., P.E., Magic Quadrant for Content Aware DataLoss Prevention, Technical Report, RA4 06242010, Gartner ... policies. Storage DLP aka Data at Rest DaR Dataloss prevention of stored data typically involves ... removal tool MyDLP References reflist External links http datalossdb.org DataLoss Database , maintained ... , Open Source Data at Rest DataLoss Prevention Software by Cornell University Malware Category Computer security de DataLoss Prevention fr DataLoss Prevention it Dataloss prevention hu DataLoss ... acquired by unauthorized party. However, a data leak is possible without the data being lost in the originating side. Some other terms associated with Data Leakage Prevention are Information Leak Detection ... prevention system . DLP Categories The technological means employed for dealing with data leakage ... personal data breaches , Computer Fraud and Security, 1 13 18, 2009 ref . Standard security measures ... or sensitive data stored on a client s computer. Advanced security measures More advanced security ... more details
The Sidekick data outage of 2009 resulted in an estimated 800,000 smartphone users in the United States temporarily losing personal data, such as emails, address books and photos from their mobile handsets. The Server computing computer servers holding the data were run by Microsoft . ref name FT 1 cite news title Dataloss puts cloud on Microsoft author newspaper Financial Times date 13 October 2009 ... users. ref name BBC 1 T Mobile blamed Microsoft for the loss of data. ref name FT 1 The incident caused a public loss of confidence in the concept of cloud computing , which had been plagued by a series of outages and data losses in 2009. ref name NW 1 cite news title From Sidekick to Gmail A short ... title Microsoft recovers Sidekick data publisher BBC News date 15 October, 2009 accessdate 15 October, 2009 ref Microsoft CEO, Steve Ballmer disputed whether there had ever been a dataloss, instead describing it as an outage. Ballmer said, It is not clear there was dataloss . However, he ... of the data servers, and its data centers were hosting the customers data at the time it was lost ... phone users started noticing data service outages occurring. The outages lasted approximately two ... Sidekick data outage tests mettle of 800,000 customers, carrier newspaper ZDNet date 12 October ... Times, Microsoft said the data centre it acquired from Danger 18 months previously had not been ... alleged blockquote T Mobile and Microsoft promised to safeguard the most important data their customers possess and then apparently failed to follow even the most basic data protection principles ... T Mobile and Microsoft Lose Data newspaper PR NewsChannel date 14 October 2009 url http www.prnewschannel.com ... been able to recover most or all data and would begin to restore them. ref cite news url http online.wsj.com ... Data publisher The Wall Street Journal date 15 October, 2009 accessdate 15 October, 2009 Dead link ... balmer sidekick.html ref References reflist Category Computer data Category Computer security Category ... more details
The loss of United Kingdom child benefit data was a data breach incident in October 2007, when two data storage device computer discs owned by Her Majesty s Revenue and Customs containing data relating ... not received the data. On November 8, senior officials in HMRC were informed of the loss, with Chancellor ... dataloss date 2007 12 11 ref Response Darling stated that there was no indication that the details ... as a result. HMRC then set up a Child Benefit Helpline for those concerned about the dataloss. ref ... for records loss , with timeline of events Category 2007 in the United Kingdom Child benefit data ... 22 date 2007 11 20 ref The loss The discs were sent by junior staff at Her Majesty s Revenue and Customs ... data in relation to the payment of child benefit was sent to the NAO by HMRC s internal post system operated by the courier TNT. The package was not recorded or registered. It appears the data has failed to reach the address in the NAO. ref name bbc The lost data was thought to concern approximately 25 million people in the UK nearly half of the country s population . The personal data on the missing ... asked questions, ref name bbc2 cite news title Data disaster Your queries answered url http news.bbc.co.uk ... web site a breakdown of the loss was reported as being 7.25 million claimants 15.5 million children ... details be removed from the data before it was sent, but that the HMRC had denied this request, because it would be too costly and complicated . ref name bbc3 cite news title Fresh questions over data ....html Removal of sensitive child benefit data would have cost 650 , 19 December 2007. www.port.ac.uk. ... 12 17 ref It was later revealed on the 17 December 2007, that the data protection manual for HMRC was in itself ... 17 hmrc manual title HMRC manual on data protection was protected data work The Register accessdate 2007 12 17 ref This was followed by several other data scandals. On the 17th of December, it was revealed ... that nine National Health Service NHS trusts had also lost the data of hundreds of thousands ... more details
Infobox television episode Title The Loss Image Caption Series Star Trek The Next Generation Season 4 Episode 10 Production 184 Airdate Start date 1990 12 31 Teleplay Hilary J. Bader br Alan J. Adler br Vanessa Greene Story Hilary J. Bader Director Chip Chalmers Music Dennis McCarthy composer Dennis McCarthy Guests Kim Braden Janet Brooks Mary Kohnert Tess Allenby Whoopi Goldberg Guinan Star Trek character Guinan Prev Final Mission Next Data s Day Episode list List of Star Trek The Next Generation episodes List of Star Trek The Next Generation episodes NOTOC The Loss is the 84th episode of the television series Star Trek The Next Generation . The tenth episode of the fourth season. Overview In this episode, the USS Enterprise NCC 1701 D USS Enterprise becomes trapped within a field of two dimensional lifeforms, while Deanna Troi Counselor Troi struggles with the sudden unexpected loss of her telepathic abilities. Plot Traveling through deep space, the USS Enterprise NCC 1701 D Enterprise stops to investigate an odd phenomenon that appears like phantom images. Meanwhile, ship s counselor Deanna Troi experiences disorientation as her empathic abilities suddenly cease to work. They discover they cannot resume course as the Enterprise is caught up in a group of two dimensional lifeforms. Without her powers, Troi suffers a tremendous sense of loss, and goes through several classic psychological stages including denial , fear and anger . Ultimately, despite the reassurances of her friends ... her duties. Data Star Trek Commander Data and William Riker Commander Riker realize the two dimensional ... the string the ship would be torn apart. Realizing Deanna s loss and the ship s predicament are somehow ... from this hypothesis, Data simulates the vibration of a cosmic string at a position well behind the Enterprise ... Star Trek The Next Generation The Loss .5B4.10.5D The Loss imdb title id 0708805 TV.com episode ... Loss, The Category Star Trek The Next Generation episodes Category 1990 television episodes ... more details
wiktionary loss lose Loss may refer to A negative difference between retail price and cost of production Loss leader a deliberate commercial loss made in the expectation of recouping it by profitable sales of other lines An event in which the team or individual in question did not win Loss baseball , a pitching ..., loss is a decrease in signal in a communications system Angular misalignment loss , power loss caused by the deviation from optimum angular alignment Bridging loss , the loss that results when an impedance is connected across a transmission line Coupling loss , the loss that occurs when energy is transferred from one circuit, optical device, or medium to another Insertion loss ... line or optical fiber Path loss , the attenuation undergone by an electromagnetic wave in transit from a transmitter to a receiver Free space path loss , the loss in signal strength that would result if all influences were sufficiently removed having no effect on its propagation Return loss , the ratio of the amplitude of the reflected wave to the amplitude of the incident wave Round trip loss in laser physics refers to energy lost due to scattering or absorption Loss function , in statistics, a function representing the cost associated with an event Arts Loss film Loss film , a 2008 film by Maris Martinsons Joe Loss 1909 1990 , founder of The Joe Loss Orchestra Loss Mull Historical Society album Loss Mull Historical Society album , 2001 Loss Bass Communion album Loss Bass Communion album , 2006 Loss comics , a mutant comic book character Lord Loss character , the Demon Lord from Darren Shan s 10 book series The Demonata The Loss , a 1990 fourth season episode of Star Trek The Next Generation LOSE or L.O.S.E. , the abbreviation of League of Super Evil See also Stop loss disambiguation Grief , an emotional response to loss Animal loss , grief over the loss of an animal Pirate Bay The Pirate Bay http thepiratebay.se blog 210 LOSS Low Orbit Server Stations modern radio transmitters ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name At a Loss Type album Artist Buzzov en Cover Buzzov en At a Loss album cover.jpg Released May 5, 1998 Recorded September 1997 br Tapeworm Studios br Miami, Florida Genre Sludge metal Length 77 59 Label Off the Records, Emetic Records Producer Billy Anderson Last album Useless br 1997 This album At a Loss br 1998 Next album Revelation Sick Again br 2001 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1score Rating 4 5 ref cite web url Allmusic class album id r351460 pure url yes title ...At a Loss Buzzov en publisher Allmusic ref At a Loss is the third album by sludge metal band Buzzov en , released on May 5, 1998 by Off The Records. Reissued in 2010 on vinyl and CD through Emetic Records. Track listing Track listing title1 ...At a Loss length1 2 32 title2 A Lack of length2 3 56 title3 Kakkila length3 3 28 title4 Loricet length4 3 55 title5 Flow length5 1 48 title6 Crawl Away length6 6 19 title7 Whiskey Fit length7 2 39 title8 Don t Bring Me Down length8 4 39 title9 Dirtkickers length9 2 53 title10 Red Green length10 2 49 title11 Useless length11 5 08 title12 Heal length12 1 33 title13 Left Behind length13 36 20 Left Behind ends at 7 34 with the final half hour ending in one droning, vibrating guitar effect with the main riff playing very softly in the background. Personnel Reverend Dirtkicker Vocalist Vocals , Electric guitar guitar Dixie Bass guitar Bass , vocals Simple Man Drum kit Drums Billy Anderson Record producer Producer , Audio engineer engineer Jeremy Dubois Additional engineer Arik Moonhawk Roper Cover art References Reflist DEFAULTSORT At A Loss Category Buzzoven albums Category 1998 albums 1990s metal album stub ... more details
Information loss may refer to Dataloss in information systems Digital obsolescence Black hole information paradox in theoretical physics disambig ... more details
In telecommunications , insertion loss is the loss of Signalling telecommunication signal power physics power resulting from the insertion of a device in a transmission line or optical fiber and is usually expressed in decibel s dB . If the power transmitted to the load before insertion is P sub T sub and the power received by the load after insertion is P sub R sub , then the insertion loss in dB is given by, math 10 log 10 P mathrm T over P mathrm R math Electronic filters Insertion loss is a figure of merit for an electronic filter and this data is generally specified with a filter. Insertion loss is defined as a ratio of the signal level in a test configuration without the filter installed V sub 1 sub to the signal level with the filter installed V sub 2 sub . This ratio is described in decibel dB by the following equation math mbox Insertion loss dB 10 log 10 left V 1 right 2 over left V 2 right 2 20 log 10 left V 1 right over left V 2 right math Note that, for most filters, V sub 2 sub will be smaller than V sub 1 sub . In this case, the insertion loss is positive and measures how much smaller the signal is after adding the filter. Link with Scattering parameters In case the two measurement ports use the same reference impedance, the insertion loss math IL math is defined as ref Pozar, David M. Microwave Engineering, Third Edition ref ref Collin, Robert E. Foundations For Microwave Engineering, Second Edition ref math IL 20 log 10 left S 21 right , text dB math and not, as often ... dB. It is the extra loss produced by the introduction of the DUT between the 2 reference planes of the measurement. Notice that the extra loss can be introduced by intrinsic loss in the DUT and or mismatch. In case of extra loss the insertion loss is defined to be positive. For more detail, see the main article on Scattering parameters Insertion loss Scattering Parameters . See also Mismatch loss Return loss References references FS1037C Category Telecommunications engineering de Einf ged mpfung ... more details
Image Gap loss en .svg right thumb 350px Gap loss in action Gap loss is a type of signal strength loss that occurs in Optical fiber fiber optic transmission when the signal is transferred from one section of Optical fiber fiber or cable to another. ref name dicdef cite book title Communications Standard Dictionary author Martin H. Weik year 1996 publisher Springer isbn 0412083914 ref The three basic types of gap loss are angular misalignment loss, lateral offset loss, and longitudinal displacement loss. The losses tend to be proportional to the ratio of the core radius to the size of the gap or displacement. Formulas, examples and graphs can be found at http www.engr.sjsu.edu kghadiri EE164 Lecture Notes Lecture 2017 20 20Fiber 20Optic 20Communication 20 20Coupler 20and 20Connector.pdf Fiber Optic Communication Couplers and Connectors Gap loss can be reduced by filling the gap with a gel that matches the index of refraction of the fiber as closely as possible. Definition Specifically, gap loss happens when the signal from one end of a piece of cable is transferred to another, but there is a space, breakage, or gap between them. Since fiber optics transmit data via light the light can cross this gap, but spreads out and is weakened and diffused when it does so. The light that crosses the gap and enters the next section of cable is broken up. Some of it reflects off, and some will hit the covering of the cable and not enter into the cable. If the gap is small, the gap loss will be small, but if the gap is very large, it may totally corrupt the signal. ref name interest cite book ... coauthors Baksheesh Ghuman year 2001 publisher Sams Publishing isbn 067232248X ref Gap loss can be caused ... be a loss of signal. ref name mneh cite book title Technician s Guide to Fiber Optics author Donald ... of gap loss As a result of signal strength and cohesion being lost due to the scattering of the light , a fiber optic signal suffering from gap loss is degraded in both quality and throughput. See ... more details
of Bayesian inference is that in addition to experimental data, the loss function does not in itself ..., the data, and the loss function then allows decisions to be based on maximizing the subjective ...Expert subject Statistics date March 2011 In statistics and decision theory a loss function is a function ... is some function of the difference between estimated and true values for an instance of data. In the context ... by some . More intuitively, we can think of X as our data , perhaps math X X 1, ldots,X n math ... decisions on. There exists some number of possible ways math F theta math to model our data X , which ... that, while it is tempting to think of loss functions as necessarily parametric since they seem ... math scriptstyle mathcal X math A . A loss function is a real lower bounded ... of action X under parameter &theta . ref SpringerEOM title Loss function id L l060900 first M.S. ... commonly used criteria are Minimax Choose the decision rule with the lowest worst loss that is, minimize the worst case maximum possible loss math underset delta operatorname arg ,min max theta in Theta ... an invariance requirement. Choose the decision rule with the lowest average loss i.e. minimize the expected value of the loss function math underset delta operatorname arg ,min mathbb E theta in Theta ... ,d theta. math Expected loss The value of the loss function itself is a random quantity because it depends ... statistical theory involve making a decision based on the expected value of the loss function however ... The expected loss in the frequentist context is obtained by taking the expected value with respect to the probability distribution, P sub sub , of the observed data, X . This is also referred to as the risk ... int X L big theta, delta x big , operatorname d P theta x . math Bayesian expected loss In a Bayesian ... the action a sup sup which minimises the expected loss. Although this will result in choosing the same ... is only interested in choosing the optimal action under the actual observed data, whereas choosing ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 File JPEG Generarion Loss rotating 90 stitch of 0,100,200,500,900,2000 times .png thumb 180px Digital generation loss induced by rotating a JPEG image 90 degrees from top to bottom 0, 100, 200, 500, 900, and 2000 times without using lossless tools Generation loss refers to the loss of quality between subsequent Copying copies or Transcoding transcodes of data. Anything ... on making a copy of the copy, can be considered a form of generation loss. File size increases are a common result of generation loss, as the introduction of Compression artifact artifacts may actually increase the entropy of the data through each generation. Analog generation loss In analog ... digital images Lossless data compression DEFAULTSORT Generation Loss Category Data compression de Generationsverlust ... connection , generation loss is mostly due to signal noise noise and Bandwidth signal processing bandwidth ... cause loss. Generation loss was a major consideration in complex analog audio and video editing, where ... back onto tape. Careful planning was required to minimize generation loss, and the resulting noise and poor ... of audible generation loss, but were eventually superseded by digital systems which vastly reduced generation loss. Digital generation loss Digital technology used correctly can eliminate generation loss. Copying a digital file gives an exact copy if the equipment is operating properly. This trait ... copies of their music tracks were never as good as the originals. Processing a Data compression lossily compressed file rather than an original usually results in more loss of quality than generating ... file of higher quality. Techniques that cause generation loss in digital systems In digital systems , several techniques, used because of other advantages, may reintroduce generation loss and must be used with caution. However, copying a digital file itself incurs no generation loss the copied file ... reversible, while lossy compression throws away some data which cannot be restored. Similarly, many ... more details
Packet loss occurs when one or more packet information technology packet s of data travelling across a computer network fail to reach their destination. Packet loss is distinguished as one of the three ... loss that is acceptable depends on the type of data being sent. For example, for Voice over IP traffic ... connection strategy so that excessive packet loss will cause the sender to throttle back and stop flooding the bottleneck point with data using perceived packet loss as feedback to discover congestion ... caused due to noise. Causes Packet loss can be caused by a number of factors including signal ... Wesley. P 602. ref However, it is important to note that packet loss does not always indicate a problem. If the latency and the packet loss at the destination hop are acceptable then the hops prior to that one don t matter. ref cite web url http www.nessoft.com kb 24 title Packet loss or latency .... In the event of packet loss, the receiver asks for retransmission or the sender automatically resends ... loss, retransmitting missing packets causes the throughput of the connection to decrease. This drop ... that use UDP are expected to define their own mechanisms for handling packet loss. Acceptable packet loss The fraction of lost packets increases as the traffic intensity increases. Therefore, performance ... of packet loss a lost packet may be retransmitted on an end to end basis in order to ensure that all data are eventually transferred from source to destination. ref Kurose, J. F. & Ross, K. W. 2010 ... Wesley. P 282 283 ref The data packets will be transmitted over a longer duration. There are many methods ... reason than to dissuade users from using those services. For this reason, packet loss is not necessarily an indication of poor connection reliability or a bottleneck. Packet loss is closely associated ... loss below 0.1 1 lost packet in every 1000 packets can be tolerated anything higher will have more ... loss concealment References Reflist External links http www.visualland.net tcp histrory.php?simu ... more details
two other uses data in computer science Data computing pp move indef Editors please keep the count mass discussion and etymology in the body, not the intro. Data IPAc en icon d e t respell DAY t , IPAc en d t respell DA t , or IPAc en d t respell DAH t are values of Qualitative data qualitative or Quantitative data quantitative variable and attribute research variable s, belonging to a set of items. Data in computing or data processing are often represented by a combination of items organized in rows and multivariate analysis multiple variables organized in columns. Data are typically the results of measurements and can be data visualisation visualised using graph data structure graph s or image s. Data as an abstract concept can be viewed as the lowest level of abstraction from which information and then knowledge are derived. Raw data , i.e., unprocessed data, refers to a collection of number s, character computing characters and is a relative term data processing commonly occurs by stages, and the processed data from one stage may be considered the raw data of the next. Field work Field data refers to raw data collected in an uncontrolled in situ environment. Experimental data refers to data generated within the context of a scientific investigation by observation and recording. The word data is the plural of datum , Grammatical gender neuter past participle ... , engineering , and so on, the terms givens and data are used interchangeably. Such usage is the origin of data as a concept in computer science or data processing data are numbers, words, images ... datum from which distances to all other data are measured. Any measurement or result is a datum , but data point is more usual, ref cite web author Matt Dye year 2001 title Writing Reports url http ... and the originally Latin plural data are used as the plural of datum in English, but data is commonly ... in day to day usage. For example, This is all the data from the experiment . This usage is inconsistent ... more details
Stop loss may refer to, Order exchange Stop orders Stop loss order , stock or commodity market order to close a position if when losses reach a threshold Stop loss policy , US military requirement for soldiers to remain in service beyond their normal discharge date Stop loss policy insurance , an insurance policy that goes into effect after a set amount is paid in claims Personal Stop Loss , a type of insurance through Lloyd s of London Stop Loss film Stop Loss film , a 2008 film about soldiers subject to the Stop loss policy disambig de Stop Loss pl Stop loss tr Stop loss ... more details
Profit and Loss may refer to Profit & Loss , monthly business magazine founded in July 1999 especializing in Foreign exchange market and derivative markets Profit and Loss DS9 episode Profit and Loss DS9 episode , the eighteenth episode of the second season of the television series Star Trek Deep Space Nine Profit and loss statement , statement that indicates how net revenue is transformed into net income Profit and the Loss , a British silent film disambig ... more details
otheruses Data disambiguation Debt, AIDS, Trade, Africa or DATA was a multinational Non governmental organization non government organization founded in January 2002 in London by U2 s Bono along with Robert Sargent Shriver III Bobby Shriver and activist s from the Jubilee 2000 Drop the Debt campaign. DATA was created for the purposes of obtaining social equality equality and justice for Africa through debt relief adjusting trade rules which burden Africa eliminating the AIDS in Africa African AIDS epidemic strengthening democracy furthering accountability by the wealthiest nations and African leaders and Transparency humanities transparency towards the people. In 2007, DATA and Bono were jointly awarded the National Constitution Center s 2007 Liberty Medal for their groundbreaking efforts to address the AIDS crisis and extreme poverty in Africa. Start up funds came from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , financier George Soros , and technology entrepreneur Edward W. Scott . ref cite news url http www.time.com time printout 0,8816,1142270,00.html title The Constant Charmer author Josh Tyrangiel date 2005 12 19 work Time Magazine ref In 2007, DATA and the ONE Campaign decided to join forces, and in January 2008, they formally merged under the name ONE. ref cite news url http www.reuters.com article idUSN2953856520071029 title Bono s U.S. based anti poverty groups to merge author Lesley Wroughton date 2007 10 29 work Reuters ref DATA received support from the Christian rock Alternative rock bands Switchfoot and Third Day . References references External links http www.one.org ONE official site Category International nongovernmental organizations Category HIV AIDS in Africa Category Organizations founded by Bono int org stub de Debt, AIDS, Trade in Africa it DATA sv DATA f rening vi DATA ... more details
Loss of heterogeneity not to be confused with loss of heterozygosity may be a disappearance of heterogeneity of Ion channels see Heterogeneity Biology Genetic variation in a species see Ecological extinction disambig ... more details
In telecommunications , reflection loss occurs on a line which results in part of the energy being reflected back to the source. This can occur At a discontinuity or Electrical impedance impedance mismatch, e.g. in a transmission line , the ratio of the incident Power physics power to the reflected power. Reflection loss is usually expressed in decibel dB . In an optical fiber , the loss that takes place at any discontinuity of refractive index , especially at an air glass wiktionary interface interface such as a fiber endface, at which a fraction of the optical Signalling telecommunication signal is reflected back toward the source. This reflection phenomenon is also called Fresnel reflection loss, or simply Fresnel loss. See also Federal Standard 1037C MIL STD 188 References http www.answers.com topic reflection loss Reflection loss on Answers Category Telecommunications terms telecomm term stub ... more details
Win loss may refer to Win loss analytics , analysis of the reasons why a visitor to a website was or wasn t persuaded to engage in a desired action Win loss record pitching , the number of wins and losses a pitcher has accumulated either in his career or a single season disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2009 Loss of significance is an undesirable effect in calculations using floating point floating point arithmetic. It occurs when an operation on two numbers increases relative error substantially more than it increases absolute error , for example in subtracting two large and nearly equal numbers known as catastrophic cancellation . The effect is that the number of significant digit accurate significant digits in the result is reduced unacceptably. Ways to avoid this effect are studied in numerical analysis . The phenomenon can be demonstrated with decimal numbers. The following example demonstrates loss of significance for a decimal floating point data type with 10 significant digits Consider the decimal number 0.1234567891234567890 A floating point representation of this number on a machine that keeps 10 floating point digits would be 0.1234567891 which is fairly close the difference is very small in comparison with either of the two numbers. Now perform the calculation 0.1234567891234567890 0.1234567890 The answer, accurate to 10 digits, is 0.0000000001234567890 However, on the 10 digit floating point machine, the calculation yields 0.1234567891 0.1234567890 0.0000000001 Whereas the original numbers are accurate in all of the first most significant ... to loss of significance. Workarounds It is possible to do computations using an exact fractional representation ... than floating point arithmetic. Furthermore, it usually only postpones the problem What if the data ... analysis is to avoid or minimize loss of significance in calculations. If the underlying problem ... algorithm. Loss of significant bits Let x and y be positive normalized floating point numbers. In the subtraction ... and loss of significant digits caused by it. But if the coefficient b is positive then we need to use ... loss of precision. Then use this identity to calculate the other root. Since no subtraction is involved, no loss of precision occurs. Applying this algorithm to our problem, and using 10 digit floating ... more details
globalize date December 2010 Loss mitigation ref http portal.hud.gov hudportal HUD?src program offices housing sfh nsc lmmltrs Loss Mitigation Policy & Guidance ref is used to describe a third party helping a homeowner, a division within a bank that mitigates the loss of the bank, or a firm that handles the process of negotiation between a homeowner and the homeowner s lender. Loss mitigation works to negotiate Mortgage loan mortgage terms for the homeowner that will prevent foreclosure . These new terms are typically obtained through loan modification, short sale real estate short sale negotiation , short refinance negotiation, deed in lieu of foreclosure , cash for keys negotiation, or a partial claim loan or other loan work out. All of the options serve the same purpose, to stabilize the risk of loss the lender investor is in danger of realizing. Kinds of loss mitigation Loan modification ... HUD?src program offices housing sfh nsc faqnsctc FHA NSC Loan Servicing and Loss Mitigation Frequently .... Benefits The most common benefit to the homeowner is the prevention of foreclosure because loss mitigation .... History and causes globalize section USA date December 2010 Loss mitigation has been a tool used ... date June 15, 2007 ref Prior to late 2006, early 2007 Loss Mitigation was a tiny department within ... shows Loss Mitigation was almost nonexistent. The ten year period prior to 2007 spurred rapid .... Loss Mitigation was only needed for extreme cases due to the homeowners ability to repeatedly refinance ... to refinance out of these loans, the only answer for many is default and foreclosure or loss mitigation ..., only 62 received principal reductions. ref White, Alan M.,Rewriting Contracts, Wholesale Data ... led to a real loss of equity for every homeowner in the country ref It was noted that home equity ...&ei 5087 0A Fed Chief Shifts Path, Inventing Policy in Crisis ref For many homeowners the loss of equity ... faqlm.cfm HUD.gov Loan Modification Frequently Asked Questions DEFAULTSORT Loss Mitigation Category ... more details
Citation needed date August 2011 Loss reserving or Outstanding claims reserves refers to the calculation of the required reserves for a tranche of general insurance business. ref name BornFerg http www.variancejournal.org issues 02 01 85.pdf The Bornhuetter Ferguson Principle ref Typically, the claims reserves represent the money which should be held by the insurer so as to be able to meet all future Claim legal claims arising from policies currently in force and policies written in the past. Methods of calculating reserves in general insurance are different from those used in life insurance , pension s and health insurance since general insurance contracts are typically of a much shorter duration. Most general insurance contracts are written for a period of one year. Typically there is only one payment of Insurance premium premium at the start of the contract in exchange for coverage over the year. Reserves are calculated differently to contracts of a longer duration with multiple premium payments since there are no future premiums to consider in this case. The reserves are calculated by forecasting future losses from past losses. The more popular statistical methods in claims reserving are the Chain Ladder Method and the Bornhuetter Ferguson Method. The Chain Ladder Method uses data in a two dimensional array representing occurrence and development of claims. The upper left of this matrix contains known values in the past which are used to estimate the remaining figures i.e. arising in the future . The Bornhuetter Ferguson Method is a Bayesian technique. This means that it incorporates both an independently derived prior estimate of ultimate expected losses as well as estimates generated by the same kind of matrix described above. These are weighted by what is called a credibility factor, ideally giving preference to the more reliable projection, but taking both into consideration. ref name BornFerg references Category Insurance terms ... more details
In insurance , the loss ratio is the ratio of total losses incurred paid and reserved in claims plus adjustment expenses divided by the total earned premiums. ref Harvey Rubin, Dictionary of Insurance Terms, 4th Ed. Baron s Educational Series, 2000 ref For example, if an insurance company pays out 60 in claims for every 100 in collected premiums, then its loss ratio is 60 . Loss ratios for Property insurance property and casualty insurance e.g. vehicle insurance motor car insurance , typically range from 40 to 60 . ref http www.propertyandcasualtyinsurancenews.com cms NUPC Templates Breaking 20News ... experience high loss ratios may be in poor financial health. They may not be collecting enough premium to pay claims, expenses, and still make a reasonable profit. Loss ratios for health insurance called the medical loss ratio , or MLR generally range from 60 to 110 . ref http content.healthaffairs.org cgi reprint 16 4 176.pdf James C. Robinson, Use And Abuse Of The Medical Loss Ratio To Measure ... , target , balance point , or expected loss ratio are used interchangeably to refer to the loss ... losses are sometimes considered as part of the loss ratio. When calculating a rate change, the insurer will typically divide the incurred or actual experienced loss ratio AER by the permissible loss ratio. ref Brown RL. 1993 . http books.google.com books?id 1j4O50JENE4C Introduction to Ratemaking and Loss Reserving for Property and Casualty Insurance , p. 66. ACTEX Publications. ref The Patient ... and 80 in the individual and small group markets. In banking, a loss ratio is the total amount ... 90 was repaid, the bank has a loss ratio of 10 . These calculations are applied class wide and used to determine financing fees on loans. If the average loss ratio on a class of loans is 2 , then the financing ... a profit. ref cite web url http www.allbusiness.com glossaries loss ratio 4946945 1.html title Loss Ratio definition accessdate 2010 03 23 ref References references Category Insurance Category Financial ... more details
In telecommunications , return loss is the loss of Signalling telecommunication signal power physics ... P mathrm r math where RL dB is the return loss in dB, P sub i sub is the incident power and P sub r sub is the reflected power. Return loss is related to both standing wave ratio SWR and reflection coefficient . Increasing return loss corresponds to lower SWR. Return loss is a measure of how well devices or lines are matched. A match is good if the return loss is high. A high return loss is desirable and results in a lower insertion loss . Return loss is used in modern practice in preference ... Properly, loss quantities, when expressed in decibels, should be positive numbers. ref group note Except ... However, return loss has historically been expressed as a negative number, and this convention is still ... all.jsp?arnumber 5162049 Definition and Misuse of Return Loss , IEEE Antennas & Propagation Magazine ... results in a negative sign for return loss math RL mathrm dB 10 log 10 P mathrm r over P mathrm i math where RL dB is the negative of RL dB . Return loss is identical to the magnitude of when expressed in decibels but of opposite sign. That is, return loss with a negative sign is more properly called ... is frequently also called return loss, ref Noel G. Barton, Jacques Periaux, Coupling of fluids, structures ... is required when discussing increasing or decreasing return loss since these terms strictly have the opposite meaning when return loss is defined as a negative quantity. Electrical In metallic conductor ... L sub is the impedance toward the Electrical load load . Return loss is the negative of the magnitude ... loss is given by, math RL mathrm dB 20 log 10 left mathit Gamma right math where the vertical direction vertical bars indicate magnitude mathematics magnitude . Thus, a large positive return loss ... i.e. through measurements and or calculations , then the return loss in dB can be calculated ... fiber , the loss that takes place at any discontinuity of refractive index , especially at an air glass ... more details
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