Infobox Settlement name Ekondo Titi settlement type arrondissement subdivision type Country subdivision name flag Cameroon subdivision type1 Province subdivision name1 Southwest Province subdivision type2 Department subdivision name2 Ndian Ekondo Titi is a commune and arrondissement in the Ndian d partement , Southwest Province , western Cameroon . References http minatd.net en index.php?option com content&task view&id 25 Ministry of Territorial Administration and Decentralization Southwest province coord 4.60139 N 9.03889 E source kolossus ltwiki display title Category Populated places in Cameroon Cameroon geo stub lt Ekondo Titis pl Ekondo Titi ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Infobox Settlement name Toko, Cameroon settlement type Commune administrative division commune subdivision type Country subdivision name flag Cameroon subdivision type1 Province subdivision name1 Southwest Province subdivision type2 Department subdivision name2 Ndian subdivision type2 Arrondissement subdivision name2 Ekondo Titi Toko is a commune in the Ekondo Titi arrondissement , Ndian d partement , Southwest Province , western Cameroon . References http minatd.net en index.php?option com content&task view&id 25 Ministry of Territorial Administration and Decentralization Southwest province coord missing Cameroon Category Populated places in Cameroon Cameroon geo stub ... more details
Main Provinces of Rwanda Districts of Rwanda Rwanda is divided into five Provinces of Rwanda provinces lang rw intara and subdivided into thirty Districts of Rwanda districts lang rw akarere . The provinces are Northern Province, Rwanda Northern Province Eastern Province, Rwanda Eastern Province Southern Province, Rwanda Southern Province Western Province, Rwanda Western Province Kigali Province, Rwanda Kigali Province Prior to 1 January 2006, Rwanda was composed of twelve provinces known as prefectures up to 2001 , but these were abolished in full and redrawn as part of a program of decentralization and reorganization. Africa topic Subdivisions of Category Subdivisions of Rwanda Category Subdivisions by country Rwanda it Suddivisioni del Ruanda ... more details
The Ministry of Territorial Administration is one of the 35 Ministries existing in Cameroon . Preparation, implementation and assessment of Government policy on territorial administration, decentralization and civil protection is within the framework of the duties assigned to the MINATD. ref http www.minatd.net en ref deadlink date November 2011 It is the duty of the MINATD to organize the territorial administrative units, chiefdoms and external services, to organize national and local elections and referendums in accordance with the constitutional laws. By assuring the preparation and implementation of the laws and regulations and the maintenance of public order, the MINATD acts as a guarantor public liberties associations and political organizations religious organizations non profit movements, organizations and associations. Performing as a guarantor of the state powers, the MINATD oversees the activities of regional and local authorities. The MINATD is also in charge of preventing and managing the risks related to natural disasters . References Reflist Category Government of Cameroon africa stub ... more details
The concept of fiscal federalism is not to be associated with fiscal decentralization in officially ... be applied to all countries attempting fiscal decentralization . In fact, fiscal federalism is a general ... or fiscal decentralization , and b how are fiscal federalism and fiscal decentralization related similar ... between the national and subnational levels of the government, fiscal decentralization on the other ... opportunities for fiscal decentralization. ref Sharma, 2005a 44 ref Main Concepts The concepts ... When Does decentralization deliver? The Dilemma of Design , South Asian Journal of Socio Political ... id 945949 The Federal Approach to Fiscal Decentralization Conceptual Contours for Policy Makers , Loyola ... more details
Politics of Indonesia Administrative divisions of Indonesia sidebar An administrative village lang id kelurahan, desa is the lowest level of government administration in Indonesia . It could be a village or a kelurahan . A village is headed by a village chief kepala desa , which is elected by popular vote. A kelurahan is headed by a lurah, a civil servant appointed by local government city or regency . A village is divided non administratively into local communities which manage certain number of households. In Aceh , a village is called as kampung . Since the implementation of regional autonomy in 2001, the larger West Sumatra Administrative areas nagari has been introduced in place of the desa as the lowest government unit in West Sumatra. ref Franz and Keebet von Benda Beckmann, Recentralization and Decentralization in West Sumatra, in Holtzappel and Ramstedt eds. , Decentralization and Regional Autonomy in Indonesia Implementation and Challenges , Singapore and Leiden, 2009, pp. 233ff. at 302. Ardimas Sasdi, http web.archive.org web 20080125094822 http www.thejakartapost.com yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid 20030108.F02 West Sumatra reinvents its original roots, The Jakarta Post , 25 January 2008. ref Notes reflist Category Subdivisions of Indonesia Category Government of Indonesia Category Indonesian law Category Indonesian society Category Country subdivisions of Asia Indonesia 4 Category Fourth level administrative country subdivisions Villages, Indonesia Category Administrative villages in Indonesia Types of administrative country subdivision Articles on fourth level administrative divisions of countries Indonesia stub fr Desa id Kelurahan mk nl Desa Indonesi ja pt Aldeia Administrativa Indon sia ... more details
Sukhaphiban lang th , translated sanitary districts were an administrative division of Thailand . Sanitary districts were the first sub autonomous entities established in Thailand. A first such district was created in Bangkok by a royal decreee of King Chulalongkorn in 1897. The King had learned about the sanitary district s in England during his European trip earlier that year, and the King wanted to try this local administration in his country as well. Tha Chalom became the second such district, created in 1906 and responsible for parts of Amphoe Mueang Samut Sakhon Mueang Samut Sakhon district , Samut Sakhon Province . In 1907 the Act on operations of sanitary districts codified the regulations, and with the Local Administration Act of 1914 two levels of sukhaphiban were introduced, the sukhaphiban mueang for towns and sukhaphiban tambon for rural areas. The number of sanitary districts grew to 35 in 1935, when these however were converted into municipalities thesaban . New sanitary district were again established starting in 1952 by prime minister Phibun Songkhram . With the Act to Upgrade Sanitary Districts to Thesaban of May 1999 they were again abolished, and all became thesaban tambon . ref cite journal journal Royal Gazette volume 116 issue 9 pages 1 4 title . . url http www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th DATA PDF 2542 A 009 1.PDF date February 24 1999 language Thai ref As the name suggests, the main task of the sanitary districts are sanitation projects. The districts were administrated by a sanitation committee, which consisted of kamnan tambon headmen , village headmen and also local merchants. It was financed by a housing tax of the local residents. References references http www.unescap.org huset lgstudy country thailand thai.html evolve Local Government in Asia by UNESCAP http www.jica.go.jp english resources publications study topical decentralization pdf gdr e.pdf Government Decentralizatio ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Mohamed Ould Maaouya born 25 August 1953 is a Mauritania n political figure, currently serving as Minister of the Interior and Decentralization. ref name AMI http www.ami.mr fr articles biographies Gouv CVs 07.html CV at AMI website fr icon . ref Maaouya was born in Mederdra M derdra , and he received his higher education in Nouakchott as well as France. In 1984 he became Central Director of the Ministry of the Interior, and he served as Secretary General of the Ministry of the Interior from 1984 to 1986 he was also a regional w li in 1982 and 1986. He was Adviser to the Presidency of the Republic from 1989 to 1992, then Director of the Cabinet of the Prime Minister Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar , with ministerial rank, from 1992 to 1996. From 1996 to 1997, he was Adviser to the Presidency of the Republic again subsequently he was Secretary General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation from 1997 to 1999, Secretary General of the Ministry of the Interior again from 1999 to 2002, and Secretary General of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Development from 2002 to 2005. ref name AMI Following the 2008 Mauritanian coup d tat August 2005 coup d tat , Boubacar was appointed as Prime Minister for a second time, and Maaouya returned as Director of the Cabinet of Prime Minister with ministerial rank, holding that post from 2005 to 2007. ref name AMI On 31 August 2008, he was appointed as Minister of the Interior and Decentralization in the government named after the 2008 Mauritanian coup d tat August 2008 coup d tat . ref http www.ami.mr fr articles 2008 Aout 31 11.html Composition du nouveau gouvernement , AMI, 31 August 2008 fr icon . ref References reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Maaouya, Mohamed Ould ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 25 August 1953 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Maaouya, Mohamed Ould Category 1953 births Category Living people Category Governmen ... more details
Moumouni Fabr born 28 November 1953 ref name PA http www.petiteacademie.gov.bf Personnalite Personnalite.asp?CodePersonnalite 116 Page on Fabr at petiteacademie.gov.bf fr icon . ref is a Burkina Faso Burkinab politician, currently serving as the Ambassador of Burkina Faso to South Africa . He was Minister of Territorial Administration and Decentralization from 2002 to 2006. Fabr was Ambassador to Germany from late 1988 to March 1991, then Ambassador to Iran from 1992 to 1997. Subsequently he was an Adviser to the Presidency of Burkina Faso he was responsible for organizing the 34th Summit of the Organization of African Unity in June 1997, and he was Coordinator of the 26th Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers in January 1998. Later, he was appointed as Director of the Cabinet of Prime Minister Paramanga Ernest Yonli in July 2001. Fabr was then appointed to the government as Minister of Territorial Administration and Decentralization on 10 June 2002, serving in that position until being dismissed from the government in January 2006. He was instead appointed as Ambassador and Representative of the President of Burkina Faso to Togo , responsible for monitoring the implementation of political agreements. ref name PA After serving as President Blaise Compaore s Representative in Togo, Fabr was appointed as Ambassador to South Africa on 16 April 2008. He arrived in South Africa on 9 August 2008 and presented his credentials to South African President Kgalema Motlanthe on 2 October 2008. ref http www.lefaso.net spip.php?article29321&rubrique62 L ambassadeur Moumouni Fabr a pr sent ses lettres de cr ance au Pr sident de la R publique d Afrique du Sud , Embassy of Burkina Faso in Pretoria lefaso.net , 21 October 2008 fr icon . ref References reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Fabre, Moumouni ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 28 November 1953 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Fabre, Moumouni Category 19 ... more details
Politics of Peru The Ministry of Energy and Mines of Peru is an entity of the Government of Peru Peruvian government responsible for managing the energy and mining sectors of Peru . Additionally, it is charged with overseeing the equal distribution of energy throughout the country. The current minister is Jorge Merino Tafur. Mission To encourage the sustainable development of energy and mining activities as well as to promote private investment on a competitive global level and to facilitate cohesiveness between agencies of the sector. Objectives 1. To promote the proportional, efficient, and competitive use and development of energy resources in the context of decentralization and regional development, prioritizing private investment, meeting demand, as well as the employment of alternative energy in the process of rural electrification. 2. To promote the development of the mining sub sector, to impulse private investment and legal stability, to encourage the fair exploitation and implementation of clean energy technologies in small scale mining and in the context of the process of regional decentralization. 3. To promote the protection of the environment, with respect to energy and mining corporations as well as to encourage friendly relations between private entities, consumers, and civil society. 4. To bring about and develop planning for the sector and its institutions, as well as the efficient and effective administration of resources. See also Council of Ministers of Peru Government of Peru External links http www.minem.gob.pe ministerio index.asp Official Website of the Ministry of Energy and Mines of Peru Category Energy ministries Ministry of Energy Category Ministries of Peru Energy Category Peruvian Ministers of Energy and Mines Peru stub es Ministerio de Energ a y Minas del Per ru ... more details
coord 21 52 02 S 51 43 43 W scale 30000 display title Piquerobi is a municipality in the state of S o Paulo state S o Paulo in Brazil . The population in 2004 is 3,586 and the area is 483.72 km . The elevation is 440 m. This place name comes from the Tupi language . Related Studies Jose Roberto R. Afonso and Luiz de Mello, 2000. Brazil An Evolving Federation, paper presented at IMF FAD Seminar on Decentralization, Washington, DC, 20 21 November 2000 http www.imf.org external pubs ft seminar 2000 fiscal afonso.pdf Open Access Copy Category Populated places in S o Paulo state SaoPauloState geo stub eo Piquerobi bpy it Piquerobi mg Piquerobi nl Piquerobi no Piquerobi pl Piquerobi pt Piquerobi ro Piquerobi ru vi Piquerobi vo Piquerobi war Piquerobi ... more details
Avocksouma Djona Current Chadian Minister of Interior, Security, and Decentralization Minister of Interior, Security, and Decentralization Abderaman Moussa Current Chadian Minister of Justice Minister ... more details
Decentralized decision making is any process where the decision making authority is distributed throughout a larger group. It also connotes a higher authority given to lower level functionaries, executives, and workers. This can be in any organization of any size, from a governmental authority to a corporation . However, the context in which the term is used is generally that of larger organizations. This distribution of power, in effect, has far reaching implications for the fields of management, organizational behavior, and government. The decisions arising from a process of decentralized decision making are the functional result of group intelligence and crowd wisdom . Decentralized decision making also contributes to the core knowledge of group intelligence and crowd wisdom , often in a subconscious way a la Carl Jung s collective unconscious . Decision theory is a method of deductive reasoning based on formal probability and deductive reasoning models. It is also studied in a specialized field of mathematics wherein models are used to help make decisions in all human activities including the sciences and engineering. See also Game theory , Uncertainty , Expectation maximization principle . History Decentralization and centralization have been consistent themes throughout history pertaining to governmental authority and political theory. From the rise and fall of the Roman Empire, there have been periods of centralization and decentralization in societies worldwide. Almost any political movement, from the rise of city states in Ancient Rome Roman times, to the later rise and downfall of feudal empires during the middle ages , to the rise of fascism in Germany prior to World War II , to the late 20th century formation of the European Economic Union , the history of Europe has been one of cycles of centralization and decentralization. Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT Professor Thomas W. Malone explains that decentralization has three general benefits 1 en ... more details
Infobox Political party party name Khmer Improvement Party party logo Image KIP logo.jpg colorcode black leader Liv Ann foundation March 1997 ideology democracy , with right wing and primarily left wing tendencies The leader, President Liv Ann created this political party of his in March 1997. Political Ideology Its ideology is primarily left wing as explained by Liv Ann the Khmer Improvement Party will create democracy by choosing to enforce decentralization of political power in the rural areas. It does also has a kind of combination of left and right wing ideology where it tries to improve society by fixing the Cambodian structures of it. The president explained that KIP will do that by choosing to focus on poverty reduction and construct a plan for people to have wells and electricity in their villages. ref http www.camnet.com.kh cambodia.daily story month March 10 07.htm ref References reflist Category political parties in Cambodia ... more details
context date September 2010 reshuffle 18 December 1986 27 November 1987 class wikitable Cabinet of Trinidad and Tobago Portfolio colspan 2 Minister Minister of Finance and the Economy A.N.R. Robinson Minister of Justice and National Security Selwyn Richardson Minister of National Security Herbert Atwell Minister of Education Clive Pantin Minister of Works, Infrastructure and Decentralization Carson Charles Minister of Works, Settlements and Infrastructure John Humphrey politician John Humphrey Minister of Health, Welfare and Status of Women Emanuel Hosein Minister of Industry, Enterprise and Tourism Bhoendradatt Tewarie Minister of Planning and Reconstruction Winston Dookeran Minister of Energy Kelvin Ramnath Minister of Labour, Employment and Manpower Resources Albert Richards Minister of Youth, Sport, Culture and the Creative Arts Jennifer Johnson Minister of Food Production, Marine Exploitation, Forestry and the Environment Lincoln Myers Minister of Industry and Enterprise Kenneth Gordon Trinbago Administrations Category Politics of Trinidad and Tobago ... more details
File V Marsz Autonomii Jerzy Gorzelik podczas przem wienia.JPG thumb Dr Jerzy Gorzelik Jerzy Zdzis aw Gorzelik born 25 October 1971 in Zabrze ref A bibliographic note on the web page of the Speaker of the Silesian Regional Assembly. http www.slaskie.pl strona n.php?jezyk pl&grupa 20&identpodzial 1602&zarzpr 1&id menu in Polish . Accessed 2011 01 23 ref Silesian politician and an art historian. The president of the Silesian Autonomy Movement and an advocate for decentralization of the Polish administrative structure. ref Aleksandra Klich and J zef Krzyk Silesian Republic over the Nations . Gazeta Wyborcza , 2008 05 17. http wyborcza.pl 1,76498,5220014,Republika Slaska ponad narodami.html in Polish . Accessed 2011 01 23. ref References Reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Gorzelik, Jerzy ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1971 10 25 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Gorzelik, Jerzy Category Polish politicians Category Silesia Category 1971 births Category Living people cs Jerzy Gorzelik de Jerzy Gorzelik pl Jerzy Gorzelik szl Jerzy Gorzelik ... more details
Infobox politician name Yacin Elmi Bouh br image right caption office Interior Minister Ministry of Interior and Decentralization term start 22 May 2005 term end birth date Birth date and age 1962 6 4 df y birth place Djibouti city Djibouti , Djibouti Yacin Elmi Bouh lang ar born 4 June 1962 is a Djibouti an politician. He was Minister of Finance from 1997 to 2005 and has been Minister of the Interior and Decentralization since 22 May 2005. Early life and education Bouh was born in the Djibouti city city of Djibouti . He studied primary and secondary schools in Djibouti, culminating in a Higher Leaving Certificate Series B Economical. He is a graduate of the Faculty of Law and Economics of Nantes in France to the rank of Ma trise en droit public in 1987. Career cleanup section date October 2008 1992 he successively held the post of head of department of the Civil Service, Legal Adviser to the Minister of Public Service and counsel for the State 1993 he became Director of the Caisse Nationale de Retraite and, cumulatively its functions, it remains representative of the state with the judiciary 1994 he has served as vice chairman of the Committee on decentralization and also participates in the conclusion of peace with the FRUD armed by the signing of the agreement Ab a 1997 he made several reforms, including those of pension funds that led to the creation of the Social Protection Agency OPS following the merger of the former Fund of Social Services CPS and Service Medical Business to SMI 26 December 1997 to 21 May 2005 Minister of Economy, Finance and Planning in charge of Privatization. He led several structural adjustment programmes and ease for poverty reduction. References http www.presidence.dj jo 2005 decr0069pr05.php D cret n 2005 0069 PRE portant nomination des membres du Gouvernement. External links http www.mid.dj Site officiel du minist re de l int rieur et de la d centralisation de Djibouti http www.elec.dj Site Officiel Use ... more details
Unsourced date May 2010 Gilberto Teodoro, Sr. 1927 2008 was a former SSS dn date January 2012 administrator. Early life Gilberto O. Teodoro, Sr. was born in 1927. Personal life Gilbert Teodoro, Sr. was father of Defense Secretary Gilberto Teodoro, Jr. , is also survived by his wife and former Batasang Pambansa member Mercedes Teodoro Mercedes Cojuangco Teodoro , daughter in law Representative Monica Prieto Teodoro and grandson Jaime Gilberto. Accomplishments Teodoro was administrator from January 1966 to February 1986, the longest to serve as head of the SSS, which was established in 1957. The agency was young when Teodoro became its head, and that most of the programs he initiated became the blueprint for SSS success. Under Teodoro s leadership the agency was able to launch the Educational Loan, Calamity Loan, Investment Incentive Loan Program, Small and Medium Scale Industries Loan Program, Study Now Pay Later Plan and the three month salary loan program. He also supervised the decentralization process of SSS operations, which speeded up processing of loans and benefits, and increased registration of wage earners and employers especially in rural areas. The decentralization move had also allowed members to remit payments through authorized banks. Before the decentralization, members sent payments and membership applications through mail, or appear in person at the SSS head office in Diliman, Quezon City , a costly and time consuming process especially for members from the provinces. Teodoro first implemented SSS Medical Care Medicare program in 1972, which provided cash payments for medical, surgical and hospitalization expenses of members and their beneficiaries. Three years later, he launched the Employees Compensation EC program, which gave additional funds to members who suffered from work related illnesses, disabilities and even death. The administration of the Medicare program was transferred to the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation in 1995, but the SS ... more details
A centralized American and British English spelling differences US , Oxford spelling Oxford English or centralised American and British English spelling differences UK government is one in which Political power power or Rational legal authority legal authority is exerted or coordinated by a de facto political executive to which Federated state federal states , Local government local authorities , and smaller units are considered subject. In a national context, centralization occurs in the transfer of power to a typically Sovereign state sovereign nation state . All Electoral district constituted governments are, to some degree, necessarily centralized, in the sense that a theoretically federal state exerts an authority or prerogative beyond that of its constituent parts. To the extent that a base unit of society usually conceived as an individual Citizenship citizen vests authority in a larger unit, such as the State polity state or the local community , authority is centralized. The extent to which this ought to occur, and the ways in which centralized government evolves, forms part of Social contract social contract theory . e.g. what is available to consumers and manufacturing organisations is determined through centralization See also Centralization and decentralization Comparative government Economic efficiency Federalism Libertarianism Political philosophy Political theory Popular sovereignty Self ownership Individual sovereignty Social contract Social contract theory Statism Category Forms of government poli term stub de Zentralismus el es Centralismo eu Estatu zentralista fr Centralisation histoire gl Centralismo it Centralismo ... more details
a plan to implement decentralization and enhance the coordination between the central ... Institutions of Self Government PISG s Decentralization Plan prior to Kosovo s independence, five municipalities had been selected to pilot the decentralization strategy at the local level, two of which ... Plan foresee the creation of 10 Serb majority municipalities throughout Kosovo. The implementation of decentralization ... more details
unreferenced date February 2010 Notability date January 2011 The Student Movement Coordination Committee for Democracy in Iran SMCCDI is a secularist advocacy group in Iran . It consists mainly of student s, or other activist s and academics, who support the secularization , democratization , and industrialization of Iran. The group s members are outside Iran. The group is non violent and non partisan, although certain groups claiming to be affiliated with SMCCDI have caused the harm of SMCCDI activists. The group s main principal, as described in their http www.daneshjoo.org article publish article 446.shtml charter , is Separation of Church and State . Other goals include the decentralization of government, separation of political powers, and deregulation of the economy. SMCCDI is noted for progressist , modernist , classical liberal and Economic liberalism Economic liberal ideals, such as secularity , democracy and a Free market economy . The group uses support provided by members of the Iranian Diaspora to directly fund its activities, as well as, to create satellite TV programs broadcast to Europe , USA and Iran . SMCCDI is headed by Aryo B. Pirouznia. See also Hassan Nemazee , an Iranian American Democrat who sued the SMCCDI for their accusations against him. Information Founded 1997 Location Addison, Texas Key Person Aryo B. Pirouznia , Founder Website http www.daneshjoo.org www.daneshjoo.org poli org stub Category Organisations based in Iran Category Politics of Iran Category Iranian activists ... more details
Suzanne Caron is a former mayor and councillor of Mount Royal, Quebec Mount Royal in the city of Montreal . ref http www.wordiq.com definition Montreal City Council Montreal City Council Definition 2010, wordiq.com. Retrieved January 2011 ref First elected as a councillor in 1999, she was elected borough mayor as a candidate for G rald Tremblay s Montreal Island Citizens Union when the Quebec government merged all the municipalities on the island of Montreal into one city in 2001. In 2003, she left the party over differences in the level of decentralization to the boroughs, and subsequently led the Yes side in the following demerger referendum. She sought election as mayor of the reconstituted Town of Mount Royal, but lost to former mayor Vera Danyluk , since deceased. ref http ukemonde.blogspot.com 2010 10 tmr mayor vera danyluk laid to rest.html T.M.R. Mayor Vera Danyluk Laid to Rest , October, 2010, ukemonde.blogspot.com. Retrieved January 2011 ref References reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Caron, Suzanne ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Caron, Suzanne Category Montreal city councillors Category Mayors of places in Quebec Category Canadian women mayors Category Women in Quebec politics Category Living people Category People from Mount Royal, Quebec Quebec mayor stub ... more details
unreferenced date February 2010 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Industrial deconcentration is a Socio economics socio economic term used to describe the movement of industrial zones Factory factories away from the center of the city , and further away from each other. It is similar to suburb anization, a residential trend in which a large number of the population move away from the metropolis as the inner city becomes overcrowded. Industrial deconcentration occurs when a previously established industrial district becomes unable to provide efficiently for its own populace due to overcrowding. In a market economy the massive competition and overcrowding of the metropolitan area forces people and businesses to move out to less industrial areas with less traffic congestion . Modernization in the social, economic, and technological fields of a country is a factor in accelerating industrial deconcentration. This phenomenon is more apparent in nations that have been industrialized for a longer time. Most countries experiencing industrial deconcentration at the beginning of the 21st century are the states that began industrializing after the end of World War II . Industrial deconcentration is a conscious goal in a comprehensive decentralization policy to deconcentrate population without excessive commuting , jobs need to be created outside the cities. See also Rust Belt DEFAULTSORT Industrial Deconcentration Category Urban decay Sociology stub ... more details
List of parties in Ottoman Empire gives an overview of parties in Ottoman Empire . It is not limited to political party parties or mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. Armenakan 1885 Hunchakian Social Democrat Hunchakian Party 1887 Armenian Revolutionary Federation ARF Hay Heghapokhagan Dashnaktsutiun, Dashnaktsutiun, Dashnak, or Tashnak 1890 Committee of Union and Progress CUP 1906 1919 Liberal Union Ottoman Empire Liberal Union LU Ottoman Democratic Party People s Federative Party Bulgarian Section 1909 1910 Bulgarian Constitutional Clubs 1908 1909 Peoples Party Ahali F rkas Ottoman Committee of Alliance Heyeti Muteffukai Osmaniye Party of Freedom and Accord H rriyet ve til f F rkas Ottoman Liberal People s Party Freedom Party Turkey, 1930 Freedom Party 1918 1920 1930 1930 Ottoman Socialist Party Osmanl Sosyalist F rkas 1910 1913 Socialist party of Workers and Peasants of Turkey 1919 ? League of private Initiative and Decentralization Ottoman Empire political parties Organisation of the Ottoman Empire Category Political parties in the Ottoman Empire Category Ottoman Empire related lists Political parties Ottoman stub mk tr Osmanl mparatorlu u ndaki siyasi partiler listesi ... more details
Infobox political party country Peru native name Partido Humanista Peruano party name Peruvian Humanist Party leader Yehude Simon national Alliance for the Great Change colorcode black ideology Humanism position Center left website http www.partidohumanista.org.pe www.partidohumanista.org.pe The Peruvian Humanist Party lang es Partido Humanista Peruano , formerly Peruvian Humanist Movement Party is a Humanism Humanist Peru vian political party , and a former member of the Decentralization Coalition together with the Party for Social Democracy Partido por la Democracia Social Compromiso Per . The PMHP won the regional elections of 2001 for the northern region of Lambayeque Region Lambayeque . In 2008, Yehude Simon of PMHP became prime minister of Peru under Alan Garc a . He resigned less than a year later. For the Peruvian general election, 2011 the party joined the Alliance for the Great Change of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski , that won 12 seats in Congress, making Yehude Simon a congressman for Lambayeque Region . External links http www.partidohumanista.org.pe Official website Spanish PeruParties SouthAm party stub Category Political parties in Peru es Partido Humanista Peruano ... more details
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