About decimalisation of currency units for the system of library classification Dewey Decimal Classification Decimal currency is the term used to describe any currency that is based on one basic unit of currency and a sub unit which is a power of 10 number 10 , most commonly 100. Decimalisation is the process of converting an existing currency from traditional denomination currency denominations to a decimal system. The logical appeal of decimalization process decimalisation in general has generally been much more popular in currency than in physical measurements, Citation needed date May 2010 and few countries have coupled the two processes. Citation needed date May 2010 All countries that had non decimal currencies have decimalised, at least De facto decimalisation in practice . Decimal currency ... decimalisation in 1971 . Until 1971, the pound sterling worked on a system of pence 12 to a shilling ... Fran aises p.48 1999 ref abolished during the French Revolution . France introduced decimalisation ... lira lira , in 1972. sd conversion In places where sd was used, the decimalisation process either ... to be legal tender a decade prior to decimalisation. In 1971, a new penny would have been worth 9.6 ... the U.S. dollar until 1857. Decimalisation in Canada was complicated by the different jurisdictions ..., coins denominated in cents and imprinted with Canada were issued for the first time. Decimalisation ... 1865 Manitoba 1870 Prince Edward Island 1871 The colonial elite, the main advocates of decimalisation ... of 1 rupee 16 Indian anna annas 64 paise 192 pies was used, the decimalisation process defines ... and Options Markets By Chairman Arthur Levitt, U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission ref De facto decimalisation ... in khoums and iraimbilanja are no longer minted. Decimalisation experience and introduction of the euro ... of various decimalisations, particularly decimalisation in the United Kingdom in 1971, were ... Jefferson. Category Currency Category Russian inventions Category Decimalisation ca Decimalitzaci ... more details
Decimalisation or decimalization may be Decimalisation process of measurements In specific dimensions of measurement Decimalisation of currencies Decimalisation of physical measurements by metrication Decimal time Disambig ... more details
Half crown may refer to Half crown British coin , a pre decimalisation coin of the United Kingdom Half crown Irish coin , a pre decimalisation coin of Ireland disambiguation ... more details
wiktionary threepence Threepence may refer to Threepence Irish coin , a pre decimalisation coin of Ireland Threepence Australian , a coin used in the Commonwealth of Australia prior to decimalization Threepence British coin , a pre decimalisation coin of the United Kingdom See also Tuppence disambiguation Two pence Five pence disambiguation Sixpence disambiguation Ten pence disambiguation Twenty pence disambiguation Twenty five pence Fifty pence disambiguation disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 See also 1972 in politics , 1973 other events of 1973 , 1974 in politics , list of years in politics . August Sixpence withdrawn from general use in the United Kingdom UK marking the end of the decimalisation period. DEFAULTSORT 1973 In Politics Category 1973 in politics Hist stub Poli stub ja 1973 sv Politik ret 1973 ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A pie was a unit of currency in India that is no longer in use. It was the smallest currency unit, equal to 1 3 paisa , 1 12 anna coin anna or 1 192 rupee . It was minted in the unique Torus toroidal form of a circle with a hole. It was abolished in the decimalisation of Indian currency and also due to practically zero value due to inflation. It is used till the middle of the 20th century. Rupee DEFAULTSORT Indian Pie Category Coins of India Pie Category Modern obsolete currencies Money unit stub India hist stub lt Pajas ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 The international monetary conferences were a series of assemblies held in the second half of the 19th century. They were held with a view to reaching agreement on matters relating to international banking. In particular, the adoption of single gold standard and the problem of an ailing silver standard were discussed. The sessions of the international monetary conference were as follows 1867, Paris 1878, Paris 1881, Paris 1892, Brussels The 1867 conference saw delegates vote unanimously in favour of decimalisation and the Latin Monetary Union . However the United Kingdom sent no official delegate, and refused to accept the recommendations of the conference. Category Economic history Category Gold standard Category International trade International trade stub ... more details
. ref name Times Moore began his association with decimalisation in 1961 when he was appointed ... was largely free from problems. ref name Guardian ref name Times His 1973 book, The Decimalisation ... ref name Times ref cite book title The Decimalisation of Britain s Currency author N E A Moore oclc 696524 isbn 9780116303226 publisher HMSO year 1973 ref With the successful conclusion of decimalisation ... more details
unreferenced date January 2008 Image Denier Charlemagne1.jpg thumb Denier of Charlemagne . 768 814 CE. 21mm, 1.19 g, Toulouse mint. File Pepin I Aquitaine denier 817 838.jpg thumb Denier of Pepin I of Aquitaine 817 838. The denier was a Franks Frankish coin created by Charlemagne in the Early Middle Ages . It was introduced together with an accounting system in which twelve deniers equaled one Solidus coin sou and twenty sous equalled one French livre livre . Also three deniers equalled one Liard coin liard . This system and the denier itself served as the model for many of Europe s currencies, including the British pound , Italian lira , Spanish peseta and the Portuguese dinheiro . fact date November 2011 The British equivalent of the denier was the penny , 240 of which prior to Decimal Day decimalisation made up one British pound or 20 shilling s. The symbol for both the old denier and, until decimalisation, the penny used in the United Kingdom and elsewhere was d . The name denier was derived from the name of the Roman currency Roman coin the denarius . Gold denier Most deniers were silver, but a gold one has been found and is included in a German exhibition. fact date March 2010 See also denar dinar Spanish dinero dinero pfennig dinar coin stub money unit stub France hist stub Category Coins by country Category Medieval currencies Category Economic history of France an Dinero moneda ca Diner moneda cs Denier de Denier M nze es Dinero moneda eo Deniero it Denaro moneta lt Denj ru uk ... more details
Refimprove date February 2008 A decimal birthday is celebrated using the decimal base ten numeral system . This form of celebration has become more popular since the widespread use of computers and the internet which have made the calculation of the decimal birthday easier to make. Historically, in Korea it is common to celebrate the Bek Il or the 100th day of life ref http www.asianinfo.org asianinfo korea cel birthday celebrations.htm Korea Birthday Celebrations Bot generated title ref . This tradition was born from a time of high infant mortality when many babies would die before three months of age. As a result the 100th day is a celebration of life as the baby has survived the difficult first 100 days of life. References Reflist External links http www.tkday.com TKDay http www.jarusa.com birthday Decimal Birthday Category Birthdays Category Decimalisation culture stub ... more details
orphan date April 2010 Infobox Magazine title Disco 45 image file Disco45.png image size 100px image caption publisher Trevor Bolton Partnership paid circulation unpaid circulation total circulation circulation year language English category Music frequency Monthly editor firstdate 1970 country United Kingdom website italic title Disco 45 was a music magazine published monthly in the United Kingdom in the 1970s. It was best known for printing the lyrics of pop songs of the time. It was published by the Trevor Bolton Partnership of Rye, Sussex UK . Issue 1 was published in December 1970 and featured a photo of Mick Jagger on the front cover and the lyrics from songs by Jimmy Ruffin , Cat Stevens , Don Partridge , Roger Whittaker , Pickettywitch , Stevie Wonder , Creedence Clearwater Revival and others. It was originally priced at 1 shilling, changing to 5p post decimalisation. Category British music magazines Category Monthly magazines Category Magazines established in 1970 Europe music mag stub UK culture mag stub ... more details
Ireland decimalisation decimalised their Currency currencies . United Kingdom Old system See also Coins ... in 1795 of the decimal French franc , little practical progress towards decimalisation was made ... Association was founded in 1841 to promote decimalisation and metrication , both causes that were boosted ... . It was as a result of the growing interest in decimalisation that the florin was issued. In their preliminary ... of decimalisation but did not draw any conclusion about the adoption of any such scheme. ref ... the introduction of decimalisation to accompany the introduction of metric weights and measures ... Docs DTI met1862.pdf Report 1862 from the Select Committee on Weights and Measures ref The decimalisation ... series based on them , Plantagenet Palliser is a passionate advocate of decimalisation ... of British Chambers of Commerce , followed by the success of decimalisation in South Africa ... publicity campaign commenced in the weeks before decimalisation day, including a song by Max Bygraves called Decimalisation . The BBC broadcast a series of five minute programmes, Decimal Five ... from metric to imperial weights and measures. Around the time of Decimalisation Day, Decimal ... Bank of Ireland Central Bank in Dublin . Prior to decimalisation, low value Postage stamps of Ireland ... stamp was marked 2p in Ireland rather than 2d as in the UK. After decimalisation, while British ... Decimalisation Royal Mint The History Files http www.historyfiles.co.uk FeaturesBritain Modern Finance01.htm Decimalisation in the UK . Musical satirist Tom Lehrer http www.youtube.com watch?v KIpr0s52yVk&feature share singing a song about plans for the decimalisation of the UK s currency on the David ... Kingdom Category 1971 in Ireland Category Decimalisation it Decimal Day ... more details
The Australian Penny was a coin of the Australian pound used in the Commonwealth of Australia prior to decimalisation in 1966. It was worth one twelfth of an Shilling Australian Australian shilling and 1 240 of an Australian pound. The coin was equivalent in its dimensions, composition and value to the British penny, as the two currencies were fixed at par. The coin was first introduced in 1911, and stopped being minted in 1964, with the introduction of decimalisation . When decimalisation happened on 14 February 1966, the coin value was equal to 0.8333 . The obverse of the coin featured the reigning British monarch. Three were featured George V , George VI and Elizabeth II . All of the pennies featuring George VI and Elizabeth II had a kangaroo on the reverse. The same image was on the Australian half penny and has since been included on the Australian one dollar coin dollar coin and the bullion silver kangaroo. Types class wikitable style font size 90 colspan 2 Image colspan 2 Years colspan 4 Technical parameters colspan 3 Description Legend Designer Obverse Reverse From To Diameter Thickness Mass Composition Edge Obverse Reverse image Australia 1 cent 1912 obverse.JPG 77px image Australia 1 cent 1912 reverse.JPG 77px 1911 1936 30.8 mm 9.45 g Bronze Copper Cu 97.5 , Zinc Zn 2.0 , Tin Sn 0.5 Plain George V of the United Kingdom George V br GEORGIVS V D.G.BRITT OMN REX Fidei defensor F.D. Emperor of India IND IMP br by Bertram Mackennal ONE PENNY COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA br by W.H.J. Blakemore image Australia 1 penny 1943 obverse.JPG 77px image Australia 1 penny 1943 reverse.JPG 77px 1938 1948 George VI br GEORGIVS VI D G BR OMN REX F D IND IMP. br by Thomas Hugh Paget Kangaroo Commonwealth Star br AUSTRALIA ONE PENNY br by George Kruger Gray image Australia 1 penny 1951 obverse.JPG 77px image Australia 1 penny 1951 reverse.JPG 77px 1949 1952 George VI br GEORGIVS VI D G BR OMN REX Fidei defensor FIDEI DEF. br by Thomas Hugh Paget image Australia 1 penny 1953 ... more details
Year in South Africa 1961 NOTOC Events March 12 March The International Confederation of Free Trade Unions submits a memorandum to the United Nations General Assembly calling for economic sanctions against South Africa 15 March South Africa withdraws from the Commonwealth of Nations Commonwealth May 30 May Charles Robberts Swart resigns as Governor General of South Africa 31 May South Africa becomes a republic Charles Robberts Swart becomes the first State President of South Africa June 4 June The Iraq i Foreign Minister, Hassim Jawad, announces that it will not recognise the South African government because of its apartheid policies December 16 December The African National Congress launches its armed struggle with the formation of the Umkhonto we Sizwe Unknown date Eendrag Men s Residence opens its doors for the first time to students of Stellenbosch University Mimi Coertse is awarded the Medal of Honour of Die Suidafrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns The Department of Indian Affairs is established. Decimalisation of currency the South African rand replaces the South African pound . Sport Football Rugby Union 13 May South Africa national rugby union team South Africa Springboks beat Ireland national rugby union team Ireland 24 8 Births Empty section date July 2010 Deaths ... more details
Unit of length m 1600 accuracy 4 number of significant figures Metric mile is a distance which approximates one statute mile 1609.344 m at a round figure of metre s the SI or metric unit of length . The term is most commonly used in track running and swimming sport swimming . In track running, the 1500 metres 1500 m race became the standard middle distance track event middle distance race in Europe in the late 19th century, ref name nelsonpluquercetania cite book last Nelson first Cordner coauthors Quercetani, Roberto title The Milers url date 1985 isbn 0 911521 15 1 unused data p.14 ref and has been the standard distance in the Olympic Games since 1896. The distance of the race is sometimes referred to as a metric mile. ref cite web url http www.britannica.com eb article 9052542 middle distance running title Middle distance running accessdate 2008 01 13 ref However, even in countries which do not embrace the metric system, most running tracks have a lap distance of 400 metres in the innermost lane. The standard middle distance in many United States high school competitions, for instance, is four times around the track, and this 1600 m distance is sometimes referred to as a metric mile as well. See also Metric foot Metrication Scandinavian mile References reflist Category Units of length Category Athletics track and field terminology Category Middle distance running Track running Category Decimalisation ... more details
A pre decimal currency is a currency in use before decimalisation of 100 units to 1 unit of currency. The peculiarities of the British sd system were not unique. The information in the table below is taken from an arithmetic text book of 1874. ref Citation last Walkingame first Francis author link last2 first2 author2 link title The Tutor s Assistant pages 95 99 year date 1874 url ref class wikitable Place Divisions Denmark 12 Pfennig s 1 Skilling Scandinavian monetary unit Skilling 16 Skillings 1 Mark 6 Marks Danish rigsdaler Rigsbank Daler 8 Marks 1 Krone France 100 Centimes 1 Franc 20 Francs 1 Napoleon Hamburg and L beck Lubec 12 Pfennigs 1 Schilling 16 Schillings 1 Mark 3 Marks 1 Reichsthaler Rix dollar Calcutta and Madras 12 Pie Indian coin Pies 1 Indian Anna Anna 16 Annas 1 Rupee Bombay 100 Reas 1 Quarter 4 Quarters 1 Rupee Portugal 1000 Portuguese real Reis 1 Milreis Prussia 30 Silver Groschen 1 Thaler Spain 34 Maravedi s 1 Real 20 Reals 1 Duro References references Category Currency ... more details
The unicorn was a gold coin that formed part of Scottish coinage between 1484 and 1525 . It was initially issued under the reign of James III of Scotland James III with a value of 18 shillings Scots ref http www.britishmuseum.org explore highlights highlight objects cm g gold unicorn of james iii.aspx Gold unicorn of James III, king of Scotland britishmuseum.org 5 December 2010 ref , but rising gold prices during the reign of James V of Scotland James V caused its value to increase first to 20 shillings, and then 22 ref http www.predecimal.com p12scottish.htm Coinage of Great Britain. Celtic to Decimalisation., Part 12, Scottish Coins Ken Elks 5 July 2003 ref . The obverse of the coin shows a crowned unicorn . The significance is that the unicorn is one of the heraldic symbols of Scotland, occurring most notably in the royal coat of arms of Scotland as crowned and chained supporter supporters . A half unicorn was introduced with a value of 9 shillings during the reign of James IV of Scotland James IV . It also rose in value due to gold prices under James V of Scotland James V , first to 10, and then 11 shillings. The unicorn was replaced during the reign of James V with the gold crown, or Abbey crown , which had a value of 20 shillings. References references Category Coins of Scotland coin stub Scotland hist stub ... more details
by Article 16 of the Treaty of Union Articles of Union continued in use until decimalisation in 1971. Before decimalisation, there were 20 shillings per pound and 12 Penny British pre decimal coin ... shillings 2 , which adopted the value of 10 new pence 10p at decimalisation the half crown , two shillings and sixpence 2 6 or one eighth of a pound, which was abolished at decimalisation otherwise ... non bullion UK coin in circulation at decimalisation in practice, crowns were commemorative coins not used in everyday transactions . At decimalisation, the shilling coin was superseded by the British ... was decimalisation decimalised and the shilling was replaced by a ten cent coin Australian ... Bank of New Zealand URL retrieved 17th April 2011 ref In 1967, New Zealand s currency was decimalisation ... civilizations Incan sun god. Shillings were used in Malta , prior to decimalisation in 1972 ... a rupee. On the decimalisation of the currency in 1869, a shilling was deemed to be equivalent ... more details
refimprove date January 2008 Image East India Company Quarter Anna 1835.JPG right thumb An 1835 quarter n . File 1 pice coins British India 1943,1945.jpg right thumb Holed quarter n s from 1943 and 45 An Anna Hindustani language Hindustani n was a currency unit formerly used in India , equal to 1 16 ref cite web title Republic India Coinage url http www.rbi.org.in currency museum c rep.html Accessed 14 July 2011. ref rupee . It was subdivided into 4 paisa Paise or 12 Pie Indian coin Pies thus there were 64 paise in a rupee and 192 pies . The term belonged to the Muslim monetary system. The n is not commonly used since India Decimalisation decimalised its currency in 1957. Sometimes, 50 Paise is colloquially referred to as 8 n s Atthanni in Hindi language Hindi and Urdu , and Ettu n , pronounced Ettna in Tamil language Tamil , Malayalam language Malayalam and Entu AaNe pronounced as EntaNe in Kannada language Kannada and 25 Paise as 4 n s Chawanni in Hindi and Urdu, and Naal n , pronounced Naalna in Tamil language Tamil and Malayalam language Malayalam , and Naalku Aane pronounced as Naalkane in Kannada language Kannada . There was a coin of one n , and also half n s of copper and two n pieces of silver. The term n is frequently used to express a fraction of 1 16. Thus an Anglo Indian speaks of two n s of dark blood an octoroon , a four n quarter crop, an eight n half gallop. References reflist 2 See also commons category Anna coin Indian coinage British Indian coins History of the rupee Category Currencies of India Category Coins of India ca Anna moneda da Anna m nt de Anna M nznominal es Anna unidad monetaria gl Anna moeda hy it Anna moneta lt Ana moneta ml ru fi Anna raha ta te ... more details
for the poetical term foot prosody A metric foot is a nickname occasionally used in the United Kingdom for a length of 300 millimetre s 30 cm . A metric foot can be divided into twelve metric inch es of 25 millimetre s 2.5 cm each. The metric foot and inch are therefore 4.8 and 0.4 millimetres or about frac 1 60 shorter than an Imperial unit imperial Foot length foot and inch respectively. The term metric foot does not appear in any British Standard . The practice of choosing multiples of 300 mm and 600 mm as preferred dimension s in the construction industry originated from the international standard on modular coordination ISO 2848 . These numbers were chosen because of their large number of divisors. Any multiple of 600 mm can be evenly divided into 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 24, 25, 30, etc. parts. While the term metric foot is still occasionally used in the United Kingdom , in particular in the timber trade, dimensions are most likely to be quoted exclusively in metric units today. The sizes of the studios at BBC BBC Television Centre Television Centre in London , which opened in 1960, are specified and measured in metric feet a contrast to film stages where imperial feet and inches prevail. Historically in France, under the mesures usuelles system intermediary between traditional French units of measurement French units and metric units , a metric foot was exactly a third of a metre frac 333 1 3 mm . See also Tonne metric ton Metric mile Decimal Dozen Further reading British Standard BS 6750 Modular coordination in building. Martin Kempton http www.tvstudiohistory.co.uk tv 20centre 20history.htm An unofficial history of Television Centre Category Units of length Category Non SI metric units Category Metrication Category Decimalisation ... more details
The Ghanaian pound was the currency of Ghana between 1958 and 1965. It was subdivided into 20 shilling s, each of 12 penny pence . Until 1958, Ghana used the British West African pound , after which it issued its own currency. In 1965, Ghana introduced the first Ghanaian cedi cedi at a rate of 1 pound 2.4 cedi, i.e., 1 cedi 100 pence. Coins In 1958, Bronze coins were issued for and 1 penny, along with cupro nickel 3 and 6 pence, 1 and 2 shillings. The 3 pence coin was scalloped in shape. Banknotes In 1958, banknotes were introduced in denominations of 10 shillings, 1 and 5 pounds. They were produced until 1962, except for the 10 shillings which was produced until 1963. See also Economy of Ghana References refbegin numis cite SCWC date 1991 numis cite SCWPM date 1994 refend External links n start n before currency British West African pound reason independence in 1957 n currency location Ghana start 1958 end 1965 n after currency Ghanaian cedi First Ghanaian cedi reason decimalisation ratio 2.4 cedi 1 pound, or 1 pesewa 1 penny n end Pound currency Category Currencies of Africa Category History of Ghana Category Modern obsolete currencies Category 1958 establishments in Ghana Category 1965 disestablishments Money unit stub Ghana stub de Ghanaisches Pfund el ja ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 A square mil is a Units of measurement unit of area , equal to the area of a square with sides of length one Thou unit of length mil . A mil is one thousandth of an international inch . This unit of area is usually used in Area of a circle specifying the area of the cross section of a wire or cable. Equivalence to other units of area 1 square mil is equal to 1 millionth of a square inch 1 square inch is equal to 1 million square mils 6.4516 E 10 square metre s about 1.273 circular mil s 1 circular mil is equal to about 0.7854 square mils Square Mils 4 Circular Mils AWG Square Mil Formula The formula to calculate the Square Mil for any given AWG American Wire Gauge size is as follows. A sub n sub represents the Square Mil Area for the AWG size n . math A n pi times frac 5 times 92 frac 36 n 39 2 2 2 math which is essentially a r sup 2 sup formula where we divide the mils diameter by 2 to obtain the radius r or math A n frac pi 4 times 5 times 92 frac 36 n 39 2 math or math A n frac pi times 5 times 92 frac 36 n 39 2 4 math For example, a number 12 gauge wire would use n 12 and the calculated result would be 5128.608215 Square Mils Sizes with multiple zeros are successively larger than the Number 0 gauge size and can be denoted using number of zeros 0 for example 4 0 for the number 0000 gauge. For an m 0 AWG wire size, use n m 1 1 m in the above formula. For example, the number 0000 gauge or 4 0 gauge, would use n 3 and the calculated result would be 166190.2514 Square Mils See also Mil unit of length Circular mil Area of a circle DEFAULTSORT Square Mil Category Units of area Category Decimalisation ... more details
Infobox Banknote Country Australia Denomination Two Dollars Value 2 Unit Australian dollars Width 152 Height 76 Security Features metallic security thread , Watermark Paper Type Cotton fibre Years of Printing 1966 1988 Obverse 1966 Australian 2 note front.jpg Obverse Design John Macarthur wool pioneer John Macarthur and Merino sheep Obverse Designer Gordon Andrews Obverse Design Date 1965 Reverse 1966 Australian 2 note back.jpg Reverse Design William Farrer and Wheat Reverse Designer Gordon Andrews Reverse Design Date 1965 The Australian two dollar note was introduced in 1966 to replace the 1 note due to decimalisation . It was replaced by a gold coloured coin from 1988. Security Features The paper design included a watermark in the white field of Captain James Cook , the watermark was also used in the last issue of pound banknotes. A metallic strip, first near the centre of the note, then from 1976 moved to the left side on the obverse of the note. References refbegin cite book title Renniks Australian Coin and Banknote Values edition 19th ed. editor Ian W. Pitt publisher Renniks Publications location Chippendale, New South Wales Chippendale, N.S.W. year 2000 isbn 0 9585574 4 6 refend start box succession box title Two Dollars Australian before One pound note Australian after Two dollar coin Australian years 1966&ndash 1988 end box Australian currency Category Banknotes of Australia Category 1966 introductions Money stub id A 2 uang kertas ja 2 ... more details
Toubab is a Central Africa Central and West Africa n name for a person of Europe an descent whites . Used most frequently in the Gambia , Senegal , and Mali , the term does not have derogatory connotations by itself, though it is also frequently associated with wealthy traveler if one can afford to travel, then he she must be rich . The word can also be applied to any perceived traveler even those of black African descent with an identifiably different phenotype such as whiter Cape Verde Cape Verdeans and blacker Nigeria Nigerians , up to foreign raised locals thus with a different accent or a visiting expatriate . In God s Bits of Wood , authored by Senegalese Sembene Ousmane , the natives call the French colonizers toubab singular or toubabs plural . The name has many suggested sources, including a likely corruption of the Arabic language Arabic word Tabib meaning doctor a verb in the Wolof language meaning to convert the early doctors and missionaries during colonial times, being whites coming from Europe or that it is derived from the two bob two shilling coin of pre decimalisation United Kingdom currency. Another explanation is that it means from the sea as the first whites arrived by ship. Related In Ghana the word used for a white person or foreigner is Obroni in the local languages, those of the Akan people Akan family. References reflist Maurice Delafosse , De l origine du mot Toubab in Annuaire et m moires du comit d tudes historiques et scientifiques de l A.O.F. , 1917, p. 205 216 Anne Doquet, Tous les toubabs ne se ressemblent pas. Les particularit s nationales des trangers vues par les guides touristiques maliens , in Mali France Regards sur une histoire partag e , GEMDEV et Universit du Mali, Karthala, Paris Donniya, Bamako, 2005, p. 243 258 ISBN 2 84586 724 7 Pierre Dumont, Le Toubab , L Harmattan, Paris, Montr al, 1996, 127 p. ISBN 2 7384 4646 9 Novel Charles Hoareau, Toubabs et immigr s , Pantin, Paris, Le Temps des cerises, VO d, 1999, 202 p. ... more details
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