other uses No footnotes date February 2008 Grammatical categories In grammar grammatical theory , definiteness is a feature of noun phrase s, distinguishing between entities which are specific and identifiable in a given context definite noun phrases and entities which are not indefinite noun phrases . There is considerable variation in the expression of definiteness across languages Some languages, e.g. English language English , use separate words called Article grammar article s e.g. the indefinite article a an and the definite article the . In other languages, the article is a clitic that attaches phonologically to the noun and often to modifying adjective s , e.g. the Hebrew language Hebrew definite article ha or the Arabic language Arabic definite article al . In yet other languages, definiteness ... of grammatical number and grammatical case . In these languages, the inflections indicating definiteness ... noun phrases. In some languages, e.g. Hungarian language Hungarian , definiteness is marked on the verb ... and Macedonian language Macedonian . When necessary, languages of this kind may indicate definiteness by other means such as Demonstrative s. It is common for definiteness to interact with the marking ... lang tr indicating definiteness . The absence of the suffix means that the DO is indefinite I saw ... Lithuanian , and to a lesser extent in Slovene language Slovene , definiteness can be expressed morphologically ... with postpositions, the topic marker wa may include definiteness. For example, lang ja uma wa can mean the horse , while lang ja uma ga can mean a horse . In some languages, the definiteness ... to definiteness in the Semitic languages is known as grammatical state . State is a property of the inflection ... accessdate 2007 03 30 Hawkins, J.A. 1978 Definiteness and indefiniteness a study in reference and grammaticality prediction . London Croom Helm. Lyons, Christopher 1999 Definiteness . Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780511037214. http www.glottopedia.de index.php Definiteness Definite article ... more details
wiktionary definitenessDefiniteness is a feature of noun phrases in grammatical theory. Definiteness may also refer to Counterfactual definiteness , a concept in quantum mechanics Positive definiteness disambiguation , a concept in mathematics See also Definition disambiguation Definitive disambiguation disambig ... more details
Positive definiteness is a property of the following mathematical objects Positive definite bilinear form Positive definite matrix Positive definite function Positive definite kernel Positive definite function on a group mathdab eo Pozitive difinita fi Positiivisesti definiitti nl positief definiet uk ... more details
In some interpretations of quantum mechanics , counterfactual definiteness CFD is the ability to speak with meaning of the definiteness of the results of measurements that have not been performed i.e. the ability to assume the existence of objects, and properties of objects, even when they have not been measured . A macroscopic example of CFD would be the assumption without measurement that a ball, thrown into the air, will return to the Earth due to gravity. CFD says that if a phenomenon the return of an airborne ball to the Earth has been reproducibly measured in the past, one can safely assume its presence in the future without having to refer to additional measurement events for proof of its existence. More scientific rigor rigorously , an interpretation of quantum mechanics satisfies CFD if it includes in the statistical population of measurement results, those measurements which are counter factual by virtue of their being excluded by the quantum mechanical prohibition on simultaneous measurement of certain pairs of properties. ref Henry P Stapp S matrix interpretation of quantum theory Physical Review D Vol 3 6 1303 1971 ref For example, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that you cannot simultaneously know both the position and momentum of a particle. Suppose one measures the position this act destroys any information about its momentum. Is it then possible to talk about the outcome one would have obtained if one had measured its momentum instead of its position? In terms of mathematical formalism, is such a counterfactual momentum measurement to be included ... place in the room and simultaneously has a lap as if sitting would be meaningless. Counterfactual definiteness ... Quantum nonlocality without counterfactual definiteness? http www3.interscience.wiley.com journal 60501850 abstract On Some Consequences of the Breakdown of Counterfactual Definiteness in the Quantum ... PA122&dq 22Counterfactual definiteness 22 quantum&source bl&ots s7 eLVbo8U&sig 3fkYZiQ onBORKH qQrbfW4YL5M ... more details
wiktionary definitive Definitive may refer to Definitive TV series Definitive TV series , an American music television series Definitive stamp , a postage stamp that is part of a regular issue of a country s stamps available for sale by the postal service See also Definiteness disambiguation Definition disambiguation disambig ... more details
wiktionary Counterfactual may refer to Counterfactual conditional , a grammatical form which also relates to philosophy and logic Counterfactual subjunctive , grammatical forms which in English are known as the past and pluperfect forms of the English subjunctive subjunctive mood Counterfactual thinking Counterfactual history Alternate history , a literary genre Counterfactual definiteness in quantum theory Elitzur Vaidman bomb tester Counterfactual measurements in quantum theory Disambig ... more details
wiktionarypar specificity Specificity may refer to Being specific disambiguation Specificity statistics , the proportion of negatives in a binary classification test which are correctly identified Definiteness , in linguistics, whether the referent of a noun phrase in a given context is identifiable Particular , as opposed to abstract, in philosophy Asset specificity , the extent to which the investments made to support a particular transaction have a higher value to that transaction than they would have if they were redeployed for any other purpose Domain specificity , theory that many aspects of cognition are supported by specialized, presumably evolutionarily specified, learning devices See also Species disambiguation Specification disambiguation Specialty disambiguation Site specific disambiguation Language for specific purposes disambig ca Especificitat es Especificidad sk pecifickos ... more details
Expert subject Theoretical Linguistics date January 2010 In some Semitic languages , notably Arabic language Arabic , nunation lang ar transl ar DIN tanw n is the addition of a final Nun letter nun to a noun or adjective to indicate that it is fully declension declinable and syntactically unmarked for definiteness . div style float right padding 0pt 3pt 0pt 3pt class wikitable Symbol style line height 180 padding 10px br font size 3 rtl lang ar font br br style line height 180 padding 10px br font size 3 rtl lang ar font br br style line height 180 padding 10px br font size 3 rtl lang ar font br br style text align center Transliteration colspan 1 br transl ar DIN un rowspan 1 br transl ar DIN in rowspan 1 br transl ar DIN an div There are three of these vowel diacritics, and the signs indicate, from left to right, the endings transl ar DIN un nominative case , transl ar DIN in genitive , and transl ar DIN an accusative . The sign rtl lang ar is most commonly written in combination with rtl lang ar transl ar DIN alif rtl lang ar , rtl lang ar Ta marbuta transl ar DIN t marb ah lang ar or stand alone rtl lang ar hamza transl ar DIN hamzah lang ar . An transl ar DIN alif should always be written unless the word ends in transl ar DIN t marb ah , transl ar DIN hamzah or is a diptote , even though the transl ar DIN un , transl ar DIN an or transl ar DIN in is not written. Nunation is used only in literary Arabic it is absent in everyday varieties of Arabic spoken Arabic , and many Arabic textbooks introduce even literary Arabic without these endings. Since Arabic has no indefinite article , nouns in a syntactic context unmarked for definiteness are generally indefinite this has led to the extremely common but inaccurate belief that nunation is a marker for indefiniteness and is analogous to an indefinite article. The lack of a marker for definiteness does not necessarily make a word indefinite in fact, many definite nouns p ... more details
with certainty . A closely related term is counterfactual definiteness CFD , used to refer to the claim that one can meaningfully speak of the definiteness of results of measurements that have not been ..., that violates Bell s inequalities must abandon either local realism or counterfactual definiteness ... of local realism and or counterfactual definiteness . Copenhagen interpretation In most of the conventional ..., but counterfactual definiteness is rejected by the extension of the notion of reality to allow ... more details
John A. Hawkins is Professor of English and Applied Linguistics at the Research Centre for English and Applied Linguistics RCEAL at the University of Cambridge . ref http www.rceal.cam.ac.uk People Staffpages jah91.html RCEAL Professor John Hawkins Bot generated title ref As of 2007 he is also a professor in the Department of Linguistics at UC Davis . ref http linguistics.ucdavis.edu jack hawkins UC Davis Linguistics John A. Hawkins New Faculty Member Bot generated title ref His main research interests are in English language English grammar , psycholinguistics , language universals , linguistic typology and historical linguistics . Selected publications Definiteness and Indefiniteness 1978, Humanities Press & Croom Helm Word Order Universals 1983, Academic Press A Comparative Typology of English and German 1986, Routledge & University of Texas Press A Performance Theory of Order and Constituency 1994, Cambridge University Press Efficiency and Complexity in Grammars 2004, Oxford University Press References reflist External links http www.rceal.cam.ac.uk People Staffpages jah91.html Hawkins at the University of Cambridge http linguistics.ucdavis.edu People jhawkins Hawkins at UC Davis Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Hawkins, John A. ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Hawkins, John A. Category British linguists Category Historical linguists Category Academics of the University of Cambridge Category Year of birth missing living people Category Living people UK linguist stub ru , ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2010 Image Macedonian Slavic dialects.png right thumb 300px The Debar dialect on the map of the Macedonian dialects The Debar dialect lang mk , Debarski dijalekt is a member of the subgroup of the western and north western dialects of the western group of Dialects of the Macedonian language dialects of the Macedonian language . The dialect is mainly spoken in the city of Debar and the surrounding areas in Macedonia country Macedonia . The Debar dialect is closed with the Reka dialect and the Galicnik dialect of Galicnik . In the dialect are used a lot of archaic words. Phonological characteristics fixed accent d deaffricated and merged with the Proto Slavic has denazalized to o r ka use of o instead of the soft form absence of the intervocalic IPA v in the plural forms of monosyllabic nouns e.g. , , etc. Morphological characteristics use of instead of three definite article s pertaining to the position of the object see Macedonian grammar Definiteness Macedonian grammar use of the suffix for third person singular Notes Reflist Macedonian dialects Category Dialects of the Macedonian language bg mk ... more details
In statistics , probability theory , and information theory , a statistical distance quantifies the distance between two statistical objects, which can be two Sample statistics samples , two random variable s, or two probability distribution s, for example. Metrics A metric on a set X is a function mathematics function called the distance function or simply distance d X X R where R is the set of real number s . For all x , y , z in X , this function is required to satisfy the following conditions d x , y 0 Non negative non negativity d x , y 0 if and only if x y identity of indiscernibles . Note that condition 1 and 2 together produce Positive definite function positive definiteness d x , y d y , x Symmetric relation symmetry d x , z d x , y d y , z subadditivity triangle inequality . Distances Generalized metrics Many statistical distances are not metric mathematics metric s, because they lack one or more properties of proper metrics. For example, pseudometric space pseudometric s can violate the Positive definite function In dynamical systems positive definiteness alternatively, metric mathematics Pseudometrics identity of indescernibles property quasimetric s can violate the metric mathematics Quasimetrics symmetry property and semimetric s can violate the metric mathematics Semimetrics triangle inequality . Some statistical distances are referred to as divergence statistics divergence s . Examples Some important statistical distances include the following f divergence includes Kullback Leibler divergence Hellinger distance Total variation distance R nyi entropy R nyi s divergence Jensen Shannon divergence L vy Prokhorov metric Bhattacharyya distance Wasserstein metric also known as the Kantorovich metric , or earth mover s distance Energy distance Other approaches Signal to noise ratio distance Mahalanobis distance Distance correlation is a measure of dependence between two rando ... more details
expert subject Physics date October 2009 quantum In the context of quantum mechanics , superdeterminism is a term that has been used to describe a hypothetical class of theories which evade Bell s theorem by virtue of being completely determinism deterministic . Bell s theorem depends on the assumption of counterfactual definiteness , which technically does not apply to deterministic theories. It is conceivable, but arguably unlikely, that someone could exploit this loophole to construct a local hidden variable theory that reproduces the predictions of quantum mechanics. Bell s theorem assumes that the types of measurements performed at each detector can be chosen independently of each other and of the hidden variable being measured. In order for the argument for Bell s inequality to follow, it is necessary to be able to speak meaningfully of what the result of the experiment would have been, had different choices been made. This assumption is called counterfactual definiteness. But in a deterministic theory, the measurements the experimenters choose at each detector are predetermined by the laws of physics. It can therefore be argued that it is erroneous to speak of what would have happened had different measurements been chosen no other measurement choices were physically possible. Since the chosen measurements can be determined in advance, the results at one detector can be affected by the type of measurement done at the other without any need for information to travel faster than the speed of light. John S. Bell John Bell discussed superdeterminism in a BBC interview ref BBC Radio interview with Paul Davies, 1985 ref blockquote There is a way to escape the inference of superluminal speeds and spooky action at a distance. But it involves absolute determinism in the universe, the complete absence of free will . Suppose the world is super deterministic, with not just inanimate nature running on behind the scenes clockwork, but with our behavior, including our belie ... more details
selfref On Wikipedia, CfD may refer to Wikipedia Categories for discussion . CFD may refer to Science and computing Computational fluid dynamics , a branch of fluid dynamics Counterfactual definiteness , the ability, quantum mechanics, to consider results of unperformed measurements Cfengine Daemon, the process that runs Cfengine Fill device Common Fill Device , an electronic module used to load cryptographic keys into electronic encryption machines Constant fraction discriminator , a signal processing component Firefighting organisations Calgary Fire Department , the fire department of Calgary, Alberta Charlotte Fire Department , the Fire Department of Charlotte, North Carolina Chicago Fire Department , the fire department of Chicago, Illinois Other Control Flow Diagram , is a diagram to describe the control flow of a business process, process or program Contract For Difference , a type of financial derivative, where two parties exchange the difference between opening and closing value of an underlying asset Cheyenne Frontier Days , an annual rodeo and celebration held in Cheyenne, Wyoming Christie Front Drive , a second wave indie emo band from Denver, Colorado Coulter Field IATA CFD , an airport in Bryan, Texas Compagnie des chemins de fer d partementaux , fr Compagnie des chemins de fer d partementaux Compagnie des chemins de fer d partementaux french , French rail vehicle manufacturer producing narrow gauge rail vehicles disambig da CFD de CFD es CFD eo CFD fr CFD ko CFD it CFD ja CFD pl CFD ru CFD sv CFD ... more details
In physics , interaction free measurement is a type of measurement in quantum mechanics that detects the position or state of an object without an interaction occurring between it and the measuring device. Examples include the Renninger negative result experiment , the Elitzur Vaidman bomb testing problem , and certain double cavity optical systems. See also Counterfactual definiteness References Mauritius Renninger , Messungen ohne Storung des Messobjekts Observations without disturbing the object , 1960 Zeitschrift f r Physik, 158 pp 417 421. Mauritius Renninger, 1953 Zeitschrift f r Physik, 136 p 251 Louis de Broglie , The Current Interpretation of Wave Mechanics , 1964 Elsevier, Amsterdam. Provides discussion of the Renninger experiment. Robert H. Dicke , http dx.doi.org 10.1119 1.12592 Interaction Free Quantum Measurements, A paradox? , American J. Physics 1981 49 10 925 930. Provides a recent discussion of the Renninger experiment . John G. Cramer , http mist.npl.washington.edu npl int rep tiqm TI 40.html The Transactional Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics , 1986 Reviews of Modern Physics, 58 , pp.647 688. Section 4.1 reviews Renninger s experiment . Avshalom Elitzur Avshalom C. Elitzur and Lev Vaidman , Quantum mechanical interaction free measurements . Foundations of Physics 23 1993 , 987 97. Roger Penrose , 2004 . The Road to Reality A Complete Guide to the Laws of Physics . Jonathan Cape, London. Andrew G. White, Jay R. Mitchell, Olaf Nairz, and Paul G. Kwiat, Interaction free imaging, Physical Review A 58 , 1998 605. Paul G. Kwiat, Harald Weinfurter, Thomas Herzog, Anton Zeilinger, and Mark A. Kasevich, Interaction free measurement, Physical Review Letters 74 , 1995 4763. Paul G. Kwiat, http physics.illinois.edu people kwiat interaction free measurements.asp The Tao of Quantum Interrogation , 2001 . Sean M. Carroll , http cosmicvariance.com 2006 02 27 quantum interrogation Quantum Interrogation , 2006 . G. S. Paraoanu, Interaction Free Measurements with ... more details
In mathematics, Birch s theorem , ref B. J. Birch, Homogeneous forms of odd degree in a large number of variables , Mathematika, 4 , pages 102 105 1957 ref named for Bryan John Birch , is a statement about the representability of zero by odd degree forms. Statement of Birch s theorem Let K be an algebraic number field , k , l and n be natural numbers, r sub 1 sub ,..., r sub k sub be odd natural numbers, and f sub 1 sub ,..., f sub k sub be homogeneous polynomials with coefficients in K of degrees r sub 1 sub ,..., r sub k sub respectively in n variables, then there exists a number r sub 1 sub ,..., r sub k sub , l , K such that math n ge psi r 1, ldots,r k,l,K math implies that there exists an l dimensional vector subspace V of K sup n sup such that math f 1 x ldots f k x 0, quad forall x in V. math Remarks The proof of the theorem is by mathematical induction induction over the maximal degree of the forms f sub 1 sub ,..., f sub k sub . Essential to the proof is a special case, which can be proved by an application of the Hardy Littlewood circle method , of the theorem which states that if n is sufficiently large and r is odd, then the equation math c 1x 1 r ldots c nx n r 0, quad c i in mathbb Z , i 1, ldots,n math has a solution in integers x sub 1 sub ,..., x sub n sub , not all of which are 0. The restriction to odd r is necessary, since even degree forms, such as Quadratic form Definiteness of a quadratic form positive definite quadratic form s, may take the value 0 only at the origin. References references Category Diophantine equations Category Analytic number theory Category Theorems in number theory ... more details
In mathematics , Weil s criterion is a criterion of Andr Weil for the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis to be true. It takes the form of an equivalent statement, to the effect that a certain generalized function is positive definite function positive definite . Weil s idea was formulated first in a 1952 paper. It is based on the explicit formula L function explicit formulae of prime number theory, as they apply to Dirichlet L function s, and other more general global L function s. A single statement thus combines statements on the complex zeroes of all Dirichlet L functions. Weil returned to this idea in a 1972 paper, showing how the formulation extended to a larger class of L functions Artin Hecke L function s and to the global function field case. Here the inclusion of Artin L function s, in particular, implicates Artin conjecture L functions Artin s conjecture so that the criterion involves a Generalized Riemann Hypothesis plus Artin Conjecture. The case of function fields, of curves over finite fields, is one in which the analogue of the Riemann Hypothesis is known, by Weil s classical work begun in 1940 and Weil also proved the analogue of the Artin Conjecture. Therefore in that setting, the criterion can be used to show the corresponding statement of positive definiteness does hold. References A. Weil, Sur les formules explicites de la th orie des nombres premiers , Comm. Lund vol. d di a Marcel Riesz 1952 252 265 Collected Papers II A. Weil, Sur les formules explicites de la th orie des nombres, Izvestia Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. Math. 36 1972 3 18 Collected Papers III, 249 264 Category Zeta and L functions ... more details
In linear algebra , functional analysis and related areas of mathematics , a quasinorm is similar to a Norm mathematics norm in that it satisfies the norm axioms, except that the triangle inequality is replaced by math x y leq K x y math for some math K 1. math This is not to be confused with a seminorm or pseudonorm , where the norm axioms are satisfied except for positive definiteness. Related concepts A vector space with an associated quasinorm is called a quasinormed vector space . A complete space complete quasinormed vector space is called a quasi Banach space . A quasinormed space math A, cdot math is called a quasinormed algebra if the vector space A is an Algebra over a field algebra and there is a constant K 0 such that math xy leq K x cdot y math for all math x, y in A math . A complete quasinormed algebra is called a quasi Banach algebra . See also Seminorm References cite book title Handbook of the History of General Topology last Aull first Charles E. coauthors Robert Lowen year 2001 isbn 079236970X publisher Springer Science Business Media Springer cite book title A Course in Functional Analysis last Conway first John B. isbn 0387972455 publisher Springer Science Business Media Springer year 1990 cite book title Functional Analysis I Linear Functional Analysis last Nikol ski first Nikola Kapitonovich isbn 3540505849 year 1992 publisher Springer Science Business Media Springer series Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences volume 19 cite book title An Introduction to Functional Analysis last Swartz first Charles year 1992 publisher CRC Press isbn 0824786432 Categories Category Norms mathematics Category Linear algebra ... more details
In Greek mythology , Dindymon ref Rarely Dindymus , as in Pliny s Natural History V.142 and Sextus Propertius , III.22.3. ref lang grc , was a mountain in eastern Phrygia today s Murat Da of Gediz, K tahya Gediz , later part of Galatia , that was later called Agdistis , sacred to the mountain mother , Cybele , whom the Hellenes knew as Rhea mythology Rhea . Strabo sited Dindymon above Pessinos , sacred to Cybele, A Mount Dindymon might also be placed on the peninsula of Cyzicus facing the Sea of Marmara , as in Apollonius of Rhodes Argonautica , or by Stephanus Byzantinicus further south, in the Troad , thus near Mount Ida . Argonautica book II sets a scene at Mount Dindymon, where Jason placates the goddess of the mountain, the mother of all the blessed gods, where she sits enthroned . ref Apollonius of Rhodes Peter Green, tr. , Argonautika , expanded ed. 2007, book I.1093 94. ref identified as Dindymene the mother, Lady of many names, ref Argonautika II.1125 ref among which was Rhea mythology Rhea . ref Apollonius of Rhodes , Richard Hunter, tr., 1993. Jason and the Golden Fleece Oxford Clarendon Press , Book II, p. 29f. ref The various applications of Dindymon, as the mountain of the Anatolian Mother Goddess , the Mountain Mother , is explained by Robinson Ellis ref Robinson Ellis, 1876. A Commentary on Catullus Oxford Clarendon Press , Catullus LXIII.91 p. 224 ref The name Dindymenian mother would in the first instance no doubt be connected with the earliest seat of the worship, the Phrygian Dindymon, but as soon as the worship spread farther and the name of Dindymon with it, the Goddess of Dindymon would lose its original definiteness and be variously applied by different writers. Notes Reflist Greek myth stub Category Historical geography Category Greek mythology of Anatolia Category Geography of ancient Anatolia Category Phrygia Category Cybele la Dindymon ... more details
In mathematics , an asymmetric norm on a vector space is a generalization of the concept of a norm mathematics norm . Definition Let X be a real number real vector space. Then an asymmetric norm on X is a function mathematics function p X R satisfying the following properties non negativity for all x X , p x 0 Positive definite function definiteness for x X , x 0 if and only if p x p &minus x 0 homogeneous function homogeneity for all x X and all &lambda 0, p &lambda x &lambda p x the triangle inequality for all x , y X , p x y p x p y . Examples On the real line R , the function p given by math p x begin cases x , & x leq 0 2 x , & x geq 0 end cases math is an asymmetric norm but not a norm. More generally, given a strictly positive function g S sup n &minus 1 sup R defined on the unit sphere S sup n &minus 1 sup in R sup n sup with respect to the usual Euclidean norm , say , the function p given by math p x g x x x , math is an asymmetric norm on R sup n sup but not necessarily a norm. References cite journal last Cobza first S. title Compact operators on spaces with asymmetric norm journal Stud. Univ. Babe Bolyai Math. volume 51 year 2006 issue 4 pages 69&ndash 87 issn 0252 1938 mr 2314639 Category Linear algebra Category Norms mathematics Linear algebra stub ... more details
pp move vandalism small yes pp semi vandalism small yes expiry 27 April 2012 wiktionary article articles selfref For the Wikipedia guidelines, see Wikipedia What is an article? , Wikipedia Good articles and Wikipedia Featured articles . If you arrived here by clicking a link in sample code or a sample template, chances are the template has no connection with this article and the link was simply used as a stand in for something else. Article may refer to Article European Union , articles of treaties of the European Union Article grammar , a grammatical element used to indicate definiteness or indefiniteness Article publishing , a piece of nonfictional prose that is an independent part of a publication Articles of Confederation , the predecessor to the current United States Constitution Articles of association , the regulations governing a company, used in India, the United Kingdom and other countries Articles of Incorporation and Articles of Organization , the U.S. equivalents Articles of clerkship, see articled clerk Articles of Faith , sets of beliefs usually found in creeds Articles , a song from Beow lf s 1993 album Un Sentimental RDS 1 , the Soviet Union s first atomic test device, code named the article See also Article One disambiguation Article Four disambiguation lookfrom Article lookfrom Articles Artical disambiguation disambiguation cs l nek rozcestn k da Artikel de Artikel et Artikkel eo Artikolo fr Article ga Alt gl Artigo io Artiklo ia Articulo disambiguation it Articolo nl Artikel no Artikkel andre betydninger nn Artikkel fleirtyding nds Artikel pl Artyku pt Artigo ro Articol dezambiguizare ru simple Article sk l nok sr lan sh lan su Artikel fi Artikkeli sv Artikel tl Artikulo uk ur Article wa rtike yi ... more details
This is a list of river s that are situated wholly or partially in Albania . The rivers flowing into the sea are sorted north to south along the coast. Rivers flowing into other rivers are listed by the rivers they flow into. Some rivers e.g. Mora a do not flow through Albania themselves, but they are mentioned for having Albanian tributaries. They are given in italics . The names are in the Albanian language Albanian definiteness indefinite form, the confluence is given in parentheses. An alphabetical overview of rivers of Albania is given below this list. File Albanian Rivers.png thumb 300px Map of major rivers File Liqeni i Shkopetit.jpg thumb 300px Mati River dammed to Liqeni i Shkopetit in Northern Albania File Buna muendung.jpg thumb 300px The mouth of the Buna River at the Montenegrinian border Adriatic Sea Bun Bojana near Ulcinj Drin river Great Drin near Shkod r branch of Drin river Drin near Vau Dej s Lake Scutari near Shkod r Mora a in abljak Crnojevi a Cijevna Cem Cijevna near Podgorica Drin river Drin near Lezh Valbon river Valbon near Fierz , Puk Fierz Black Drin in Kuk s White Drin in Kuk s Mat river Mat near Fush Kuqe Fan river Fan near Milot, Albania Milot Ish m river Ish m near Ish m Zez near Kod r Thuman Gjole near Kod r Thuman Tiran river Tiran near Prez Lan near B rxull T rkuz near Prez Erzen near Shijak Shkumbin near Divjak Seman near Libofsh Devoll river Devoll near Ku ov Osum near Ku ov Vjos near Novosel Shushic river Shushic near Armen, Albania Armen Drino in Tepelen Sarantaporos Epirus Sarantaporos near arshov Black Sea Danube near Kiliya, Ukraine Kiliya Sava in Belgrade Drina in Bogati Lim river Vermosh Lim near Vi egrad Alphabetical list Berish Bistric Bushtric river Bushtric Bojana river Bun Bojana or Buna Cijevna Cem Drin river Drin Black Drin Drini i Zi Devoll river Devoll Drino Dunavec Fan river Fan Fani i Madh Fani i Vog l Erzen Gomsiqe Gostim river Gostim Gjad r Gjanic Gjole Ish m river Ish m Ka ... more details
items reaction time, rejection, location, space, form definiteness, form appropriateness, color, shading ... score 0 otherwise 5 Form Definiteness FD the definiteness of the form of the concept reported, regardless ... of the inkblot scores was Location in the United States and Mexico. Reaction,Time, Form Definiteness ... more details
Infobox scientist name Irene Heim image filename only image size alt caption birth date Birth date YYYY MM DD birth place death date Death date and age YYYY MM DD YYYY MM DD death date then birth date death place residence citizenship nationality fields Semantics , generative grammar workplaces Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT , University of Texas at Austin alma mater University of Massachusetts Amherst UMass Amherst doctoral advisor academic advisors doctoral students notable students known for author abbrev bot author abbrev zoo influences influenced awards signature filename only signature alt footnotes Irene Roswitha Heim fl. late 20th century is a linguist and noted specialist in semantics . She was a professor at the University of Texas at Austin and UCLA before finally moving to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1989, where she is Professor of Linguistics and Head of the Linguistics Section of the Department of Linguistics and Philosophy. She is probably most famous for her 1982 University of Massachusetts dissertation The semantics of definite and indefinite noun phrases . ref name dissertation cite book author Heim, Irene title The semantics of definite and indefinite noun phrases publisher Garland Pub location New York year 1988 pages isbn 0 8240 5188 2 oclc doi accessdate ref In the work she argued developing an insight by the philosopher David Kellogg Lewis David Lewis that Definiteness Grammar indefinite noun phrase s like a cat in the Sentence linguistics sentence If a cat is not in Athens, she is in Rhodes are not quantifiers but free variables bound by an existential operator inserted in the sentence by a semantic operation that she dubbed existential closure . She is also the co author with Angelika Kratzer of one of the most influential Better source date April 2011 textbooks of Formal semantics linguistics formal semantics , ref name semanticsText cite book author Kratzer, Angelika Heim, Irene title Semantics in generative gra ... more details
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