Otheruses Kolmogorov complexity Descriptive complexity is a branch of computational complexity theory and of finite model theory that characterizes complexity class es by the type of logic needed to express the languages in them. For example, PH complexity PH , the union of all complexity classes in the polynomial hierarchy, is precisely the class of languages expressible by statements of second order logic . This connection between complexity and the logic of finite structures allows results to be transferred easily from one area to the other, facilitating new proof methods and providing additional evidence that the main complexity classes are somehow natural and not tied to the specific abstract machine s used to define them. Specifically, each logical system produces a set of query complexity queries expressible in it. The queries when restricted to finite structures correspond to the computational problem s of traditional complexity theory. The first main result of descriptive complexity was Fagin s theorem , shown by Ronald Fagin in 1974. It established that NP complexity NP is precisely the set of languages expressible by sentences of existential second order logic that is, second order logic excluding universal quantification over relations, functions, and subsets. Many other classes were later characterized in such a manner, most of them by Neil Immerman First order logic defines the class FO complexity FO , corresponding to AC0 AC sup 0 sup , the languages recognized by polynomial size circuits of bounded depth, which equals the languages recognized by a concurrent ... , pp.347&ndash 354. 1983. cite book last Immerman first Neil authorlink Neil Immerman title Descriptive ... is a suitable introduction for undergraduates External links http www.cs.umass.edu immerman descriptive complexity.html Neil Immerman s descriptive complexity page , including a diagram reflist comp sci theory stub Category Descriptive complexity Category Computational complexity theory Category Finite ... more details
orphan date August 2010 The Descriptive Color Names Dictionary is a dictionary of color terms color names used for mass market clothing and consumer merchandise, such as those in mail order catalogs. It relates each color name to one or more color swatches in the Color Harmony Manual , a color atlas based on the Ostwald color system . The book was edited by Helen Taylor, Lucille Knoche, and Walter Granville, and was published by the Container Corporation of America in 1950 and distributed free to owners of the Color Harmony Manual . The editors decided to use the Color Harmony Manual and the Ostwald system as a basis for their dictionary because it is easy to relate to basic color names, includes the gamut color gamut of most mass market products, and has easily removable double sided one glossy, one matte color chips. Because colorimetry colorimetric coordinates of the Color Harmony Dictionary were published, the names can also be easily related to other color order systems. Choice of names The editors chose the names for the dictionary and their corresponding colors by comparing the chips in the Color Harmony Manual to physical products advertised with color names, and also made reference to a number of already published color dictionaries. Where names referred to natural objects they examined those objects directly. List of Colors forthcoming table References Walter C. Granville and Egbert Jacobson 1944 . Colorimetric Specification of the Color Harmony Manual from Spectrophotometric Measurements . Journal of the Optical Society of America 34 7 . 382 395. Egbert Jacobson 1942 . The Color Harmony Manual . Color Laboratories Division, Container Corporation of America. Chicago. Helen D. Taylor, Lucille Knoche, and Walter C. Granville, eds. 1950 . Descriptive Color Names Dictionary . Container Corporation of America. Chicago. Category Color color stub ... more details
File William Blake Descriptive Catalogue.jpg thumb The title page of the Descriptive Catalogue The Descriptive Catalogue of 1809 is a description of, and prospectus for, an exhibition by William Blake of a number of his own illustrations for various topics, but most notably including a set of illustrations to Geoffrey Chaucer Chaucer s Canterbury Tales , this last being a response to a collapsed contract with dealer Robert Cromek . Having conceived the idea of portraying the characters in Chaucer s The Canterbury Tales Canterbury Pilgrims , Blake approached Cromek with a view to marketing an engraving. Knowing that Blake was too eccentric to produce a popular work, Cromek promptly commissioned Thomas Stothard to execute the concept. When Blake learned that he had been cheated, he broke off contact with Stothard, formerly a friend. He also set up an independent exhibition in his brother s haberdashery shop at 27 Broad Street in the Soho district of London . The exhibition was designed to market his own version of the Chaucer illustration, along with other works. As a result he wrote his Descriptive Catalogue of 1809, which contains what Anthony Blunt has called a brilliant analysis of Chaucer. It is regularly anthologised as a classic of Chaucer criticism. ref Blunt, Anthony, The Art of William Blake , p 77 ref It also contained detailed explanations of his other paintings. The price of the Catalogue was 2s 6d one eighth of a List of British bank notes and coins pound sterling , and of admission to the exhibition 1s one twentieth of a pound sterling the usual price for exhibitions at the period. At the time a minor house servant might be paid ten pounds per year. An Index to the Catalogue was free with admission to the exhibition. The Preface to the Catalogue begins with a diatribe against the Venetian Antonio da Correggio Correggio and Titian . It concludes using the conventional spellings of his day blockquote Colouring does not depend on where the Colours are put, but on where ... more details
Refimprove date October 2009 Spatial descriptive statistics are used for a variety of purposes in geography, particularly in quantitative data analyses involving GIS Geographic Information Systems GIS . Types of spatial data The simplest forms of spatial data are gridded data , in which a scalar quantity is measured for each point in a regular grid of points, and point sets , in which a set of coordinates e.g. of points in the plane is observed. An example of gridded data would be a satellite image of forest density that has been digitized on a grid. An example of a point set would be the latitude longitude coordinates of all elm trees in a particular plot of land. More complicated forms of data include marked point sets and spatial time series. Measures of spatial central tendency The coordinate wise mean of a point set is the centroid , which solves the same central tendency solutions to variational problems variational problem in the plane or higher dimensional Euclidean space that the familiar average solves on the real line &mdash that is, the centroid has the smallest possible average squared distance to all points in the set. Measures of spatial dispersion statistical dispersion Dispersion captures the degree to which points in a point set are separated from each other. For most applications, spatial dispersion should be quantified in a way that is invariant to rotations and reflections. Several simple measures of spatial dispersion for a point set can be defined using the covariance matrix of the coordinates of the points. The trace linear algebra trace , the determinant , and the largest eigenvalue of the covariance matrix can be used as measures of spatial dispersion. A measure of spatial dispersion that is not based on the covariance matrix is the average distance between nearest neighbors ref cite journal last Clark first Philip coauthors Evans, Francis year ... functions Ripley s K and L functions are closely related descriptive statistics for detecting deviations ... more details
The Descriptive Video Service DVS is a major United States producer of video description , which makes visual media, such as television programs, feature films, and home videos, more accessible to people who are Blindness blind or otherwise Visual impairment visually impaired . DVS often is used to describe the product itself. History In 1985, TV station WGBH TV WGBH , the Boston, Massachusetts Boston , Massachusetts , member of the Public Broadcasting Service PBS , began investigating uses for the new technology of stereophonic television broadcasting, particularly multichannel television sound MTS , which allowed for a third audio channel, called the Second audio program Secondary Audio Program SAP . With a history of developing closed captioning of programs for Hearing impairment hearing impaired viewers, WGBH considered the viability of using the new audio channel for narrated descriptions of key visual elements, much like those being done for live theatre in Washington, D.C. , by Margaret Pfanstiehl, who had been experimenting with television description as part of her Metropolitan Washington Ear Washington Ear radio reading service. After reviewing and conducting various studies, which found that blind and visually impaired people were consuming more television than ever but finding the activity problematic often relying on sighted family and friends to describe for them , WGBH consulted more closely with Pfanstiehl and her husband, Cody, and then conducted its first tests of DVS in Boston in 1986. These tests broadcasting to local groups of people of various ages and visual impairments and further study were successful enough to merit a grant from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting to complete plans to establish the DVS organization permanently in 1988. After ... NCIP library v&c cronin.htm The Development of the Descriptive Video Service Bot generated title ref ..., MA. http www2.edc.org NCIP library v&c cronin.htm The Development of the Descriptive Video Service ... more details
Acts of Knowing Paradox and Descriptive Self Awareness . Journal of Knowledge Management, Special ... Acts of Knowing Paradox and Descriptive Self Awareness journal Journal of Knowledge Management , Special ... already been discussed on this article s talk page. Knowledge management KM comprises a range of strategies ... adoption of insight s and experience s. Such insights and experiences comprise knowledge , either .... An established List of academic disciplines discipline since 1991 see Knowledge management CITEREFNonaka1991 ... KM to these organizations. Knowledge management efforts typically focus on organizational goal ... learning , and may be distinguished from that by a greater focus on the management of knowledge as a strategic asset and a focus on encouraging the sharing of knowledge. History KM efforts ... of computers in the second half of the 20th century, specific adaptations of technologies such as knowledge base s, expert system s, information repository knowledge repositories , group decision support ... such efforts. ref cite web url http www.unc.edu sunnyliu inls258 Introduction to Knowledge Management.html title Introduction to Knowledge Management publisher Unc.edu accessdate 15 January 2010 ref In 1999, the term personal knowledge management was introduced which refers to the management of knowledge at the individual level Harv Wright 2005 . In terms of the enterprise, early collections of case studies recognized the importance of knowledge management dimensions of strategy, process ... norms which influence their behaviors are the most critical resources for successful knowledge ... are essential to the success of a knowledge management strategy and measurement, benchmarking, and incentives ..., knowledge management programs can yield impressive benefits to individuals and organizations if they are purposeful ... of Knowledge Management has evolved towards a vision more based on people participation and emergence ... that does not bring anything new or useful or whether it is, indeed, the future of knowledge management ... more details
Knowledge is a detailed familiarity with, or understanding of, a person, thing or situation. It can also refer to a concept in English law, see knowingly Taxicabs of the United Kingdom The Knowledge The Knowledge , the rigorous geographical training obligatory for London taxi drivers Knowledge band , Jamaican reggae group Knowledge rapper , England s first documented rapper The Knowledge book series The Knowledge book series , children s series Knowledge magazine , the former name of British music journal Kmag magazine Kmag Knowledge song Knowledge song , by ska core band Operation Ivy Knowledge TV channel , an educational television channel in British Columbia, formerly called Knowledge Network Techniques of Knowledge , the meditation techniques taught by Prem Rawat and others BBC Knowledge Worldwide , an international TV channel BBC Knowledge magazine BBC Knowledge , a British magazine KNOW FM , a Minnesota Public Radio station Carnal knowledge , Biblical term for sexual intercourse disambig fr Kennis nl Kennis doorverwijspagina ja ru ... more details
The name Knowledge Channel may represent Knowledge Channel ABS CBN Educational television channel in the Philippines Knowledge TV channel Educational television channel in British Columbia, Canada Knowledge Channel Mauritius Educational television channel in Mauritius disambig ... more details
Dangerous Knowledge may refer to Dangerous Knowledge Orientalism and Its Discontents , a 2006 book by Robert Graham Irwin Dangerous Knowledge , a 2007 documentary by David Malone independent filmmaker David Malone disambig ... more details
Tree of Knowledge may refer to NOTOC Religion and mythology Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil , a tree in the Garden of Eden, mentioned in the Book of Genesis Publications The Tree of Knowledge , a novel by P o Baroja Drvo Znanja , a Croatian magazine Tree of Knowledge , a 1970s publication by Marshall Cavendish The Tree of Knowledge The Biological Roots of Human Understanding , a 1987 book by Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela 1987 Other meanings Tree of Knowledge Australia , the traditional birthplace of the Australian Labor Party Tree of Knowledge System , a conceptual approach to the unification of psychology theories The Tree of Knowledge, a single by Pagan Wanderer Lu Films The Tree of Knowledge 1920 film The Tree of Knowledge 1920 film , a 1920 silent film directed by William C. deMille disambig eo La arbo de la sciado fr Arbre de la connaissance ... more details
The Knowledge may refer to The Knowledge book series , a children s book series The Knowledge, the popular name for the rigorous geographical training obligatory for London taxicabs of the United Kingdom Knowledge , the body of facts, information, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education The Knowledge , a song by Toasty from A Bugged Out Mix Miss Kittin album A Bugged Out Mix See also Knowledge disambig ... more details
more footnotes date January 2011 Body of Knowledge BOK or BoK is a term used to represent the complete ... professional association . While the term body of knowledge is also used to describe the document that defines that knowledge the body of knowledge itself is more than simply a collection of terms ... Domain ontologies and upper ontologies ontology for a specific domain . Examples of Bodies of Knowledge The following are examples of Bodies of Knowledge from professional organisations Radiology Leadership Common Body of Knowledge RLI CBK from the Radiology Leadership Institute for Radiology professionals ACM computer science body of knowledge Computer Science Body of Knowledge ACM for computer science curriculum definition Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge Common Body of Knowledge CBK for international Information Security professionals Software Engineering Body of Knowledge SWEBOK for the profession of software engineering Project Management Body of Knowledge PMBOK from the Project Management ... and Technology Body of Knowledge GISTBoK for the geospatial realm EABOK Enterprise Architecture Body of Knowledge EABOK for the Enterprise Architecture EA discipline Business Analysis Body of Knowledge BABOK from the IIBA for the Business Analysis profession Data Management Body of Knowledge DMBOK from the DAMA for the Data Management profession Modeling and Simulation Body of Knowledge Massage Therapy Body of Knowledge MTBOK for massage therapists Contracting body of knowledge IACCM See also Knowledge organization Knowledge representation Ontology information science Ontology information science ... http www.technofunctionalinstitute.org Technofunctional Body of Knowledge for Enterprise resource planning ERP experts http www.usabilitybok.org Usability Body of Knowledge for the usability profession http www.thecqi.org Knowledge Hub Knowledge portal Body of Quality Knowledge for quality assurance professionals Chartered Quality Institute http www.regulationbodyofknowledge.org Body of Knowledge ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Domain knowledge is that valid knowledge used to refer to an area of human endeavour, an autonomous computer activity, or other specialized discipline. Domain expert Specialists and experts use and develop their own domain knowledge. If the concept domain knowledge or domain expert is used, we emphasize a specific domain which is an object of the discourse interest problem. Knowledge capture More particular, in software engineering , domain knowledge is knowledge about the environment in which the target system operates, for example, software agent s. Domain knowledge is important, because it usually must be learned from software users in the domain as domain specialists experts , rather than from software developers. Expert s domain knowledge frequently informal and ill structured is transformed in computer programs and active data, for example in a set of rules in knowledge bases, by knowledge engineer s. Communicating between end users and software developers is often difficult. They must find a common language to communicate in. Developing enough shared vocabulary to communicate can often take a while. The same knowledge can be included in different domain knowledge. Knowledge which may be efficient in every domain is called domain independent knowledge, for example logic s and mathematics. Operations on domain knowledge are performed by meta knowledge . Literature Hj rland, B. & Albrechtsen, H. 1995 . Toward A New Horizon in Information Science Domain Analysis. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 1995, 46 6 , 400 425. See also Domain engineering Knowledge engineering Problem domain Artificial Intelligence DEFAULTSORT Domain Knowledge Category Knowledge az Elm sah si de Wissensgebiet ... more details
Distributed knowledge is a term used in multi agent system research that refers to all the knowledge that a community of agents possesses and might apply in solving a problem. Distributed knowledge is approximately what a wise man knows or what someone who has complete knowledge of what each member of the communities knows. Distributed knowledge might also be called the aggregate knowledge of a community, as it represents all the knowledge that a community might bring to bear to solve a problem. Other related phrasings include cumulative knowledge, collective knowledge, pooled knowledge, or the wisdom of the crowd. Distributed knowledge is the union of all the knowledge of individuals in a community. Example The logicians Alice and Bob are sitting in their dark office wondering whether or not it is raining outside. Now, none of them actually knows, but Alice knows something about her friend Carol, namely that Carol wears her red coat only if it is raining. Bob does not know this, but he just saw Carol, and noticed that she was wearing her red coat. Even though none of them knows whether or not it is raining, it is distributed knowledge amongst them that it is raining. If either one of them tells the other what they know, it will be clear to the other that it is raining. If we denote by math varphi math that Carol wears a red coat and with math varphi Rightarrow psi math that if Carol wears a red coat, it is raining, we have math K b varphi land K a varphi Rightarrow psi Rightarrow D a,b psi math Directly translated Bob knows that Carol wears a red coat and Alice knows that if Carol wears a red coat it is raining so together they know that it is raining. Distributed knowledge is related to the concept Wisdom of the crowd . Distributed knowledge reflects the fact that no one ... about Knowledge , The MIT Press, 1995. ISBN 0 262 56200 6 See also common knowledge dispersed knowledge disciplinary knowledge tags interactional expertise Category Knowledge ... more details
Zero knowledge may mean Zero knowledge proof , a concept from cryptography, an interactive method for one party to prove to another that a usually mathematical statement is true, without revealing anything other than the veracity of the statement Non interactive zero knowledge proof , a common random string shared between the prover and the verifier is enough to achieve computational zero knowledge without requiring interaction Zero knowledge password proof , an interactive method for one party the prover to prove to another party the verifier that it knows a value of a password disambig ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced February 2009 context October 2009 A modern development and belief that the progress of knowledge is the result of distinct and independent spheres, and that knowledge in one discipline has little connection with knowledge in another discipline. Thus, specialists pursue their work in isolation from one another rather than as aspects of a unity or whole. DEFAULTSORT Specialization Of Knowledge Category Knowledge philo stub ... more details
Orphan date September 2008 Definition Encapsulated knowledge is the value endowing meta Resource based ... s design and functionality. Properties Encapsulated knowledge may be considered that knowledge which ... and acquirable in a marketplace, and provides utility to those who have the tacit knowledge necessary to use it. It is a recent addition to the Knowledge based theory of the firm knowledge based view of the firm . Encapsulated knowledge differs from both tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge . Encapsulated knowledge is not tacit because it resides outside of the human mind. It may also be distinguished from tacit knowledge in that it is a consequence of the application of tacit knowledge upon physical or material objects. It is also useful to distinguish encapsulated knowledge from explicit knowledge . Encapsulated knowledge is not precisely explicit, even though this term has generally been juxtaposed with tacit knowledge, because it is knowledge concealed from its users, and explicitness implies observability. Encapsulated knowledge is distinguishable from codified knowledge primarily ... of explicit, codified knowledge makes it susceptible to misappropriation. Encapsulated knowledge, on the other hand, facilitates the marketing of knowledge since it can only be partially ... are motivated by a desire to inexpensively transfer knowledge. While codification is a process that reduces ... of the cost of learning to make use of the encapsulated knowledge. For example, utility can be realized from the use of knowledge encapsulated in a computer or an automobile apart from having ... of some form of encapsulated knowledge. References cite book last Boisot first Max authorlink Max Boisot coauthors title Knowledge Assets Securing Competitive Advantage in the Information Economy ... journal last Langlois first Richard N. authorlink coauthors title Knowledge, Consumption, and Endogenous ... Teece first David J. authorlink David Teece coauthors title Strategies for Managing Knowledge Assets ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2007 Knowledge capital is a concept which asserts that ideas have intrinsic value which can be shared and leveraged within and between organizations. Knowledge capital connotes that sharing skills and information is a means of sharing power. Knowledge capital is the know how that results from the experience, information, knowledge , learning, and skills of the employees or individual of an organization or group. Of all the factors of production, knowledge capital creates the longest lasting competitive advantage. It may consist entirely of technical information as in chemical and electronics industries or may reside in the actual experience or skills acquired by the individuals as in construction and steel industries . Knowledge capital is an essential component of human capital . Knowledge capital at large can be a strong vision, strategic information on market and business model, networks, talent, supply chain, innovation and creativity. There is also knowledge liability, the unknown concerning future business models, lack of knowledge on product service, on human potential, on governance and supply chain. The balance between knowledge capital and knowledge liability equals knowledge equity. Knowledge equity plus emotional equity equals immaterial value of the company goodwill . See also Emotional capital Triple Accounting Types of capital corp stub Category Capitalism Category Capital ... more details
refimprove date December 2009 In economics , dispersed knowledge , also known as partial knowledge , is information that is dispersed throughout the marketplace, and is not in the hands of any single agent. All agents in the market have imperfect knowledge however, they all have a good indicator of everyone else s knowledge and intentions, and that is the price . The price indicates information that the player does not know by deciding to buy, sell or abstain at that price it also gives the player a chance to bring their knowledge to bear and reflect itself in the price. Most of the knowledge, however, is tacit knowledge people usually are not fully aware of the knowledge that they are sharing via price signals, nor do they fully perceive the knowledge that they use when they make a price decision. When a buyer goes to market, the prices he or she finds therein for products and services have been set by the complex calculus that is the sum total of the tacit knowledge residing within the market. Price signal s are one possible solution to the economic calculation problem . This viewpoint is popular especially among Austrian School economists such as Friedrich Hayek . The problem is thus in no way solved if we can show that all the facts, if they were known to a single mind as we hypothetically assume them to be given to the observing economist , would uniquely determine the solution ... only partial knowledge. To assume all the knowledge to be given to a single mind in the same manner ... ref http www.econlib.org library Essays hykKnw1.html The Use of Knowledge in Society ref Wikipedia itself provides an example of the dispersed knowledge concept. See also Blind men and an elephant Distributed knowledge Division of labor Invisible hand Opportunity cost The Fatal Conceit The Use of Knowledge in Society Tax choice Wisdom of the crowd References reflist DEFAULTSORT Dispersed Knowledge Category Austrian School Category Economics terminology Category Knowledge Economic term stub es ... more details
Multiple issues notability January 2010 original research January 2010 unreferenced January 2010 orphan September 2010 Considering two companies involved in collaborative Research and development R&D or product development , Knowledge Relevance is determined by two attributes wikt complementarity complementarity and value of knowledge. The more complementary are the knowledge pool s of partnering companies, the more the attraction between them. The greater the value of those knowledge pools, the greater the attraction as well. For instance, the knowledge pool of a leading firm in designing and manufacturing personal computer s would have a high attraction for a knowledge pool of a leading firm in memory chip s and vice versa. Category Knowledge Category Research and development ... more details
Knowledge modeling is a process of creating a computer interpretable model of knowledge or standard specifications about a kind of process and or about a kind of facility or product. The resulting knowledge model can only be computer interpretable when it is expressed in some knowledge representation language or data structure that enables the knowledge to be interpreted by software and to be stored in a database or data exchange file. br Knowledge based engineering or knowledge aided design is a process of computer aided usage of such knowledge models for the design of products, facilities or processes. The design of products or facilities then uses the knowledge model to guide the creation of the facility or product that need to be designed. In other words it used knowledge about a kind of object ... process implies the creation of a process model, which design activity can be guided by the knowledge that is contained in a knowledge model about such a kind of process. The resulting process model, product model or facility model is typically also stored in a database. Usually the knowledge representation language only allows to represent knowledge about kinds of things , whereas another ... things. If the knowledge representation language enables to express both, then the knowledge model ... that enables the expression of knowledge as well as information about individual things is Gellish English . The basis of a knowledge model of an assembly physical object is a decomposition .... For example, knowledge about a compressor system includes that a compressor system consists .... Assume that this knowledge is expressed in a knowledge representation language that expresses knowledge ... type is defined that is called shall have as part a . Then a part of a knowledge model about a compressor system will consist of the following expressions of knowledge facts compressor system shall ... shall have as part a pump system pump system shall have as part a pump Such a knowledge model will be further ... more details
In artificial intelligence, knowledge based agents draw on a pool of logical sentences to infer conclusions about the world . At the knowledge level , we only need to specify what the agent knows and what its goals are a logical abstraction separate from details of implementation. This notion of knowledge level was first introduced by Allen Newell in the 1980s, to have a way to rationalize an agent s behavior. The agent takes actions based on knowledge it possesses, in an attempt to reach specific goals. It chooses actions according to the principle of rationality . Beneath the knowledge level resides the symbol level . Whereas the knowledge level is world oriented, namely that it concerns the environment in which the agent operates, the symbol level is system oriented, in that it includes the mechanisms the agent has available to operate. The knowledge level rationalizes the agent s behavior, while the symbol level mechanizes the agent s behavior. For example, in a computer program, the knowledge level consists of the information contained in its data structures that it uses to perform certain actions. The symbol level consists of the program s algorithms, the data structures themselves, and so on. See also Knowledge level modeling knowledge relativity References T. Menzies. Applications of Abduction Knowledge Level Modeling. November 1996. A. Newell. The Knowledge Level. Artificial Intelligence, 18 1 87 127, 1982. Category Artificial intelligence ... more details
about an information science discipline information about practitioners in this discipline Knowledge engineers Knowledge engineering KE was defined in 1983 by Edward Feigenbaum , and Pamela McCorduck as follows quote KE is an engineering discipline that involves integrating knowledge into computer system ..., it refers to the building, maintaining and development of knowledge based systems . ref citation last Kendal first S.L. last2 Creen first2 M. title An introduction to knowledge engineering year 2007 ... system s. Knowledge engineering is also related to mathematical logic , as well as strongly involved in cognitive science and socio cognitive engineering where the knowledge is produced by socio ... and logic works. Various activities of KE specific for the development of a knowledge based system Assessment of the problem Development of a knowledge based system shell structure Acquisition and structuring of the related information , knowledge and specific preferences IPK model Implementation of the structured knowledge into knowledge bases Testing and validation of the inserted knowledge ... might be iterative, and many challenges could appear. Knowledge engineering principles Since the mid 1980s, knowledge engineers have developed a number of principles, methods and tools to improve the knowledge acquisition and ordering. Some of the key principles are Citation needed date May 2008 There are different types of knowledge each requiring its own approach and technique. types of experts and expertise, such that methods should be chosen appropriately. ways of representing knowledge, which can aid the acquisition, validation and re use of knowledge. ways of using knowledge, so that the acquisition ... the efficiency of the acquisition process. Knowledge Engineering is the process of eliciting Knowledge for any purpose be it Expert system or AI development Views of knowledge engineering There are two main views to knowledge engineering ref citation last Schreiber first August Th. last2 Akkermans ... more details
Knowledge Web is the name of four different projects The KnowledgeWeb Project Knowledge Web Project supervised by James Burke science historian James Burke A project under the European FP6 Sixth Framework Program An example of a knowledge web software platform is the Jumper 2.0 open source project The Knowledge Web created by AFAC Australasian Fire and Emergency Service Authorities Council previously Australasian Fire Authorities Council for collaboration on Fire and Emergency Services for Australasia disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2008 In philosophy , knowledge relativity is the notion that knowledge can be seen as the relation between a form of knowledge representation representation with up to two sorts of intent &ndash communication and use goals &ndash and with up to three subjects &ndash one who knows, one who is informed, and one who observes and confirms. This relational and subject oriented view of knowledge is an alternative to the Objectivity philosophy objectivist truth based view common in logic . Category Epistemology epistemology stub ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
