Forms of government Despotism is a form of government in which a single entity rules with absolute power. That entity may be an individual, as in an autocracy , or it may be a group, ref http www.archive.org details Despotis1946 Encyclop dia Britannica ref as in an oligarchy . The word despotism means to rule in the fashion of a despot and does not necessarily require a singular despot , an individual. Despot comes from the Greek despotes , which roughly means master or one with power , and it has been used to translate a wide variety of titles and positions. It was used to describe the unlimited power and authority of the Pharaoh s of Egypt, employed in the Byzantine court as a title of nobility, used by the rulers of Byzantine vassal states, and adopted as a title of the Byzantine Emperors ... classical form, despotism is a state where a single individual the despot wields all the power and authority embodying the state, and everyone else is a subsidiary person . This form of despotism was common ... despot. The term now implies Tyrant tyrannical rule. Despotism can mean tyranny dominance through ... or opposition, etc. . ref http wordnet.princeton.edu perl webwn?s despotism WordNet Search 3.0 Bot ... despotism , which came to prominence in 18th century Europe, absolute monarchy monarchs used their authority ... philosopher Montesquieu believed that despotism was an appropriate government for large states ... despotism But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw ... According to Montesquieu , the difference between monarchy and despotism is that in monarchy, a single ... of Ideas despotism Authoritarian types of rule Category Political systems Category Oligarchy ... ru simple Despotism sk Despotizmus sl Despotizem sr sh Despotizam fi Despotismi sv Despotism th tr Despotizm uk zh ... more details
Soft despotism is a term coined by Alexis de Tocqueville describing the state into which a country overrun by a network of small complicated rules might degrade. Soft despotism is different from despotism also called hard despotism in the sense that it is not obvious to the people. Soft despotism gives people the illusion that they are in control, when in fact they have very little influence over their government. Soft despotism breeds fear, uncertainty, and doubt in the general populace. Alexis de Tocqueville observed that this trend was avoided in America only by the habits of the heart of its 19th century populace. Dr. Samuel Gregg of The Acton Institute for the Study of Religion and Liberty a religious ref http www.acton.org about principles.php ref institute , explains bquote In Democracy in America , Tocqueville suggested that democracy was capable of breeding its own form of despotism, albeit one without the edges of Jacobin or Bonapartist dictatorship with which Europeans were all too familiar. The book spoke of an immense protective power which took all responsibility for everyone s happiness just so long as this power remained sole agent and judge of it. This power, Tocqueville wrote, would resemble parental authority but would try to keep people in perpetual childhood by relieving people from all the trouble of thinking and all the cares of living. bquote Such circumstances ... limited government power. bquote Tocqueville s vision of soft despotism is thus one of arrangements ... as citizens do whatever it says is necessary to provide for everyone s desires. The softness of this despotism ... Old Europe s New Despotism ref In Volume II, Book 4, Chapter 6 of Democracy in America , de Tocqueville writes the following about soft despotism bquote Thus, After having thus successively taken ... contented with this sort of compromise between administrative despotism and the sovereignty of the people ... of persons. Of all the forms that democratic despotism could assume, the latter would assuredly ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Infobox Book name The New Despotism orig title translator image author Gordon Hewart, 1st Viscount Hewart Lord Hewart of Bury cover artist country United Kingdom language English series subject Law and Politics genre publisher Ernest Benn Limited release date 1929 media type pages vii 308 size weight isbn preceded by followed by The New Despotism was a book authored by The Rt. Hon. Gordon Hewart, 1st Viscount Hewart Lord Hewart of Bury , Lord Chief Justice of England and published in 1929 by Ernest Benn Limited. Hewart described this new despotism as to subordinate Parliament, to evade the Courts, and to render the will, or the caprice, of the Executive unfettered and supreme . ref Lord Hewart, The New Despotism London Ernest Benn Limited, 1929 , p. 17. ref The evasion of the Courts referred to increasing quasi judicial decision making by the civil service and the subordination of Parliament resulted from the growth of delegated legislation. Contents I. The Nature of the Question br II. The Rule of Law br III. Administrative Law br IV. Administrative Lawlessness br V. The System at Work br VI. Departmental Legislation br VII. The Independence of the Judiciary br VIII. What is to be done? br IX. Some leading cases br X. Examples from statutes Reaction The book created a constitutional and political storm . ref cite journal url http www.austlii.edu.au au journals MqLJ 2004 2.html date 2004 title REGULATIONS REVIEW IN THE NEW ZEALAND PARLIAMENT journal Macquarie Law Journal volume 4 issue 7 ref It was rumoured that Whitehall considered an attempt to boycott it . ref John Ramsden ed. , Oxford Companion to Twentieth Century British Politics Oxford University ... a Fabian Society tract titled Socialism and the New Despotism where he hoped reform of the judiciary ... encroachment . ref R. H. S. Crossman, Socialism and the New Despotism London Fabian Tracts, No. 298 ..., The Party s Over Imprint Academic, 2004 , p. 63, n. 3. ref Notes reflist DEFAULTSORT New Despotism ... more details
unreferenced date March 2009 Oriental despotism is a term used to describe a despotic form of government that opposes the western tradition . Historically, the term s meaning has varied and today it is hardly ever used at all, largely because of all the issues surrounding the concept of orientalism . Origins in Ancient Greece Of all the ancient Greeks, Aristotle was perhaps the most influential promoter of the concept oriental despotism for it was his student, Alexander the Great who conquered Persia, ruled by the despotic Darius III last king of the Achaemenid dynasty . Aristotle asserted that oriental despotism is based not on force, but on consent . Hence fear cannot be said to be its motive force, instead the power of the despot master feeds upon the servile nature of those enslaved. Among Greek society, a man is free, capable of holding office and ruling and being ruled among the barbarians, all are slaves by nature. Another difference Aristotle espoused was based on climates. He observed that the peoples of cold countries, especially those of Europe, are full of spirit, but deficient in skill and intelligence and that the peoples of Asia, although endowed with skill and intelligence, are deficient in spirit, and hence are subjected to slavery. Possessing both spirit and intelligence the Greeks are free to govern all other peoples Politics Aristotle Politics 7.1327b http www.perseus.tufts.edu cgi bin ptext?doc Perseus 3Atext 3A1999.01.0058 query section 3D 23158 layout loc ... style despotism by the Roman emperors was a major factor in the fall of the Roman Empire , particularly ... countrymen, Rome was at length humbled beneath the effeminate luxury of Oriental despotism. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire , Book One, Chapter Six blockquote Marxist ontology Oriental Despotism ... some forms of state, which were ruled by tribute collecting Despotism despot s based on the system ... . Oriental despotism is, thus, the political superstructure that was developed in succession ... more details
Infobox Book name Deliver Us from Evil br Defeating Terrorism, Despotism, and Liberalism title orig translator image File Deliver Us from Evil Sean Hannity.jpg 250px image caption author Sean Hannity cover artist country language English language English series subject American politics genre Political commentary publisher HarperCollins release date 2004 media type Hardcover paperback pages isbn preceded by Let Freedom Ring Winning the War of Liberty over Liberalism followed by Conservative Victory Defeating Obama s Radical Agenda Deliver Us from Evil Defeating Terrorism, Despotism, and Liberalism is a 2004 best selling book by conservative political commentator and media personality Sean Hannity . Summary The book s publisher, ReganBooks , was owned by Rupert Murdoch , owner of Fox News . ReganBooks focused on celebrity authors and controversial topics, sometimes from recent tabloids citation needed date December 2010 . It is now defunct but experienced significant financial success while it existed. ref name NYTHollywood http select.nytimes.com gst abstract.html?res F60C14FB395A0C718DDDAD0894DD404482&n Top 2fReference 2fTimes 20Topics 2fSubjects 2fB 2fBook 20Trade Trend Setting Publisher Plans To Move to and Go Hollywood by Edward Wyatt, New York Times , April 12, 2005 ref ref name BookStandard http www.thebookstandard.com bookstandard news publisher article display.jsp?vnu content id 1000876038 ReganBooks Moving to Hollywood , The Book Standard, April 12, 2005 ref Hannity has said he dictated a lot of his two books into a tape recorder while driving in to do his radio show. ref name Poniewozik, James 2002 Poniewozik, James. Sean Hannity . Time , 0040781X, 11 November 2002 ... security in today s world . ref Book Review Deliver Us from Evil Defeating Terrorism, Despotism ... Defeating Terrorism, Despotism, and Liberalism at Google Books DEFAULTSORT Deliver Us From Evil Defeating Terrorism, Despotism, And Liberalism Category 2004 books Category Books critical of modern liberalism ... more details
wiktionary despot Despot may refer to Despot court title , a Byzantine court title Despotism , a form of government in which power is concentrated in the hands of an individual or a small group People Despot voda or Ioan Iacob Heraclit 1511&ndash 1563 , a prince in Moldavia George Despot 1927&ndash 1991 , a Shreveport businessman Veljko Despot born 1948 , a Croatian record producer disambig Category Surnames ru sh Despot uk ... more details
Image JosDespotizmul1905 MagIstIan1975.jpeg thumb 300px right Front page of Jos Despotizmul .. Down with Despotism , a special issue of Rom nia Muncitoare , entirely dedicated to criticism of the Imperial Russian authorities February 1905 Rom nia Muncitoare Working Romania or Laborer Romania was a Socialism socialist newspaper, published in Bucharest , Romania . Romania newspaper stub DEFAULTSORT Romania Muncitoare Category History of Romania Category Newspapers published in Bucharest Category Socialist newspapers Category Publications with year of establishment missing ... more details
The Vatican Decrees in their Bearing on Civil Allegiance is an anti Catholic pamphlet written by British politician William Ewart Gladstone in November 1874. Gladstone s writings Outrage about papal infallibility Gladstone was outraged at the First Vatican Council Vatican Council s decree of papal infallibility and set about to refute it. The pamphlet sold 150,000 copies by the end of 1874. ref name Magnus Philip Magnus, Gladstone A Biography London John Murray, 1963 , pp. 235 6. ref Church and State Gladstone claimed that this decree had placed British Catholics in a dilemma over their loyalty to the Crown and their loyalty to the Pope . He urged British Catholics to reject papal infallibility as they had opposed the Spanish Armada of 1588. Rule of law against despotism He described the Catholic Church as an Asian monarchy nothing but one giddy height of despotism, and one dead level of religious subservience . He further claimed that the Pope wanted to destroy the rule of law and replace it with arbitrary tyranny, and then to hide these crimes against liberty beneath a suffocating cloud of incense . ref name Magnus Later pamphlet in 1875 In February 1875, Gladstone published a second anti catholicism anti catholic pamphlet which was a defence of his earlier pamphlet and a reply to his critics, entitled Vaticanism an Answer to Reproofs and Replies . Responses from Catholics Letter to the Duke of Norfolk John Henry Newman Newman s Letter to the Duke of Norfolk was meant as a response to Gladstone s claim that Catholics have no mental freedom. Immortale Dei Immortale Dei is an 1885 encyclical of Pope Leo XIII on Church State relations, and specifically on the topic of civil allegiance, which is defined as a duty of loyalty and obedience which a person owes to the State of which he is a citizen. References references reli book stub DEFAULTSORT Vatican Decrees in their Bearing on Civil Allegiance Category 1874 books Category First Vatican Council Category Anti Catholic ... more details
A revolution from above refers to major political and social changes that are imposed by an elite on the population it dominates. By contrast, the plain term revolution suggests that pressure from below is a major driving force in events, even if other social groups cooperate with or ultimately capture the movement. The phrase was coined by the Spanish writer Joaqu n Costa in the 19th century. ref Stanley G. Payne , The Franco Regime , p. 10 ref Some Examples Enlightened Despotism in 18th century Europe Fascism Joseph Stalin Stalin s Collectivization in the Soviet Union Collectivization of agriculture White Revolution in Iran See also Revolution from above book Revolution from Above Military Bureaucrats and Development in Japan, Turkey, Egypt, and Peru , a 1978 book written by Ellen Kay Trimberger , published by Transaction Books . References references Category Political ideologies Category Revolution terminology ru politics stub socio stub ... more details
Quartigiani The Quartigiani family was a noble family from Lucca , the family was mentioned in the Lucca statute of 1308 as noble and powerful. The family was united by means of marriage with the Simonetti and Antelminelli families. The Antelminelli and Quartigiani families united in 1317 in order to take power in Lucca. Castruccio Castracani, a member of the Antelminelli, did not share power with the Quartigiani as promised and agreed by the parties. The Quartigiani organized a plot to take power from Castruccio Castracani and assassinate him. The White Guelfs , the Florentines and the nobility from Lucca were involved in the plot. After finding out about the plot Castracani arrested and killed members of the Quartigiani and related clans and organized a military response against Florence . http www.festival studies.org festive research center florentine prisonners.html Further reading Louis Green, Castruccio Castracani A study on the Origins and Character of a Fourteenth Century Italian Despotism Oxford, 1986 Alberto Malvoti, Quelli della Volta Comune di Fucecchio Category Surnames Category Families of Lucca Category Italian noble families Quartigiani ... more details
absolutism , Ref label i i none Muscovite despotism , Ref label j j none Ref label k k none Russian despotism , Ref label l l none tsarist despotism Ref label m m none or imperial despotism . Ref label ... the culture exhibiting some characteristics of an oriental despotism to Russia ref Donald Ostrowski ... despotism 22&lr &hl pl Google Print, p.78 ref Ref label b b none Absolutism European history Absolutism in Russia gradually developed during the 17th century and 18th centuries, replacing the despotism ... Press url http books.google.com books?id UkFlO7hoxOMC&pg PA260&dq russian despotism racial ... with despotism, absolutism and autocracy in all possible combinations, rarely giving clear definitions .... Further, we can look at Muscovite despotism as a precursor for the tsarist absolutism , however, the very use of the word despotism has problems see following note . Finally, care should be taken ... despotism 22&btnG Search Books those publications k Note label k k none It should be noted, however, that terms oriental despotism and its development, the Grand Duchy of Moscow Muscovite or Russian despotism ... of pure despotism , such as the ruler being identified with a god . ref name Viereck ref Donald Ostrowski ... 22Oriental despotism 22 22Russia&lr &ei NFdeSZz9CaDkzQTLs4TXBA Google Print, p.85 ref ref http mars.wnec.edu ... despotism 22&btnG Search Books those publications m Note label m m none As used in http books.google.com books?q 22tsarist despotism 22&btnG Search Books those publications j Note label n n none As used in http books.google.com books?q 22imperial despotism 22 Russia&btnG Search Books those publications ..., 1986 Marshall T. Poe , Russian despotism the origins and dissemination of an early modern commonplace ... more details
Enlightened absolutism also called by later historians benevolent despotism or enlightened despotism is a form of absolute monarchy or despotism in which rulers were influenced by the Age of Enlightenment Enlightenment . Enlightened monarchs embraced the principles of the Enlightenment, especially its emphasis upon rationality , and applied them to their territories. They tended to allow religious toleration, freedom of speech and the press, and the right to hold private property. Most fostered the arts, sciences, and education. History The concept invented by German historian Wilhelm Roscher in 1847 ref A. Lentin ed. , Enlightened Absolutism 1760 1790 , Avero, 1985, p. ix. ref remains controversial among scholars. ref Charles Ingrao, The Problem of Enlightened Absolutism and the German States, Journal of Modern History Vol. 58, Supplement Politics and Society in the Holy Roman Empire, 1500 1806 Dec., 1986 , pp. S161 S180 http www.jstor.org stable 1880014 in JSTOR ref Enlightened absolutists held that royal power emerged not from divine right but from a social contract whereby the ruler had a duty to govern wisely. The difference between an Absolutism European history absolutist and an enlightened absolutist is based on a broad analysis of how far they embraced the Age of Enlightenment . For example, although Empress Catherine the Great Catherine II of Russia entirely rejected the concept of the social contract, she Russian Enlightenment took up many ideas of the Enlightenment , being a great patron of the arts in Russian Empire Imperial Russia and incorporating many ideas of enlightened philosophes, especially Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu Montesquieu , in her Nakaz , which was meant to revise Russian law. In effect, the monarchs ruled with the intent of improving ... search?tbo p&tbm bks&q 22Benevolent Despotism 27 27 22Frederick the Great 22 22louts that Paine 22 .... Enlightened despotism 1967 Leo Gershoy. From despotism to revolution, 1763 1789 1963 H. M. Scott ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2007 Potentate from the Latin potens , powerful is an informal term for a person with wikt Special Search potent potent , usually wikt supreme supreme , Supernatural power power . Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine Potentate is the title used by the A.A.O.N.M.S. Shriners for the head of a local Shrine. The head of the Shriners of North America is titled the Imperial Potentate. The staff and volunteers of the ISA International Instrumentation Symposium are also called potentates. Other uses The term was used by the Christian Church to describe Jesus, it can be found in bibleverse 1 Timothy 6 15 KJV . One example of this use is in the hymn Crown him with many crowns in which Jesus is described as potentate of time Originally, it designated the absolute monarch synonymous with autocrat , which was also used as a title of a great Sovereign state state . From the negative connotations of such rule, mainly in the Orient , derives its generalized use for the head of any totalitarian and or abusive regime , as a synonym for Despotism despot , dictator , or tyrant all three in the modern, derogatory sense, contrary to a rather wikt Special Search lofty lofty historical origin , also at a sub state level, or even a big boss in private life. The term is also used to describe an ambassador performing negotiations on behalf of a large group. States are often styled powers, in diplomatic language, even if politically and militarily weak . Category Titles Category Freemasonry de Machthaber ... more details
unreferenced date November 2007 Image TheEmergenceOfModernTurkey.jpeg thumb 150px right The Emergence of Modern Turkey is a 1961 book written by historian Bernard Lewis , and expert in the history of Middle East and Islam . The book covers the history of modern Turkey , from the decline and collapse of the Ottoman Empire up to the present days. Contents Chapter I Introduction the Sources of Turkish Civilization Part I The Stages of Emergence Chapter II The Decline of the Ottoman Empire Chapter III The Impact of the West Chapter IV The Ottoman Reform Chapter V The Seeds of Revolution Chapter VI Despotism and Enlightenment Chapter VII Union and Progress Chapter VIII The Kemalist Republic Chapter IX The Republic after Mustafa Kemal Atat rk Kemal Part II Aspects of Change Chapter X Community and Nation Chapter XI State and Government Chapter XII Religion and Culture Chapter XIII Elite and Class Chapter XIV Conclusions The Turkish Revolution Select Bibliography Maps DEFAULTSORT Emergence of Modern Turkey, The Category 1961 books Category Political books Category History of the Ottoman Empire Category History of the Republic of Turkey Category Books by Bernard Lewis tr Modern T rkiye nin Do u u ... more details
Deliver Us from Evil may refer to Deliver us from evil , a line from the Lord s Prayer But deliver us from evil Lord s Prayer In entertainment Thomas Anthony Dooley III Publications Deliver Us from Evil The Story of Vietnam s Flight to Freedom , a 1956 book by U.S. Navy physician and humanitarian Thomas A. Dooley III, M.D. Deliver Us from Evil 1973 film , a television movie Deliver Us from Evil 2006 film , a 2006 film about pedophile priest Oliver O Grady Deliver Us from Evil 2009 film , a 2009 film by Danish director Ole Bornedal Deliver Us from Evil Kryst the Conqueror album , a 1990 EP and an unreleased album by Kryst the Conqueror Deliver Us from Evil Budgie album Deliver Us from Evil Budgie album , a 1982 album by Budgie Deliver Us from Evil Defeating Terrorism, Despotism, and Liberalism , a book by Sean Hannity Deliver Us from Evil Warlords and Peacekeepers in a World of Endless Conflict , a 2000 book by William Shawcross Deliver Us from Evil , a song by Bullet for My Valentine disambig ... more details
Orphan date August 2008 Image Replace this image male.svg right Dr. Aslam Abdullah is the director of the Islamic Society of Nevada , the editor of the Muslim Observer and the director of the Muslim Electorates Council of America . He recently wrote a letter criticizing Muslim extremism in response to the exhortion of a leader of al Qaida in Iraq , Abu Hamza al Muhajer to, Kill at least one American in the next two weeks. In the letter he accused al Muhajer of, thriv ing on the misery of thousands of Muslim youth and children who are victims of despotism, poverty and ignorance, of abandon ing God and...worshipping your own satanic egos that rejoice at the killing of innocent people , and of being, an enemy of Islam as much as you are an enemy of America. ref http www.reviewjournal.com lvrj home 2006 Sep 10 Sun 2006 opinion 9542296.html Kill us, too, We are also Americans Radical Muslims not worthy of the religion ref References reflist Persondata NAME Abdullah, Aslam ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Activist DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Abdullah, Aslam Category American Muslims Category Living people Category Muslim activists Category Year of birth missing living people ... more details
Nicolas Antoine Boulanger Paris 1722 1759 was a France French philosopher and man of letters during the Age of Enlightenment . Born the son of a paper merchant, Boulanger studied first mathematics, and later ancient languages. He composed several philosophical works in which he sought to come up with naturalistic explanations for superstitions and religious practices, all of which were published posthumously. His major works were Recherches sur l origine du despotisme oriental Research into the origins of oriental despotism 1761 and l Antiquit d voil e par ses usages Antiquity Unveiled , the latter which was edited and republished by the anti religious atheist philosopher Baron d Holbach in 1766. D Holbach had previously published his own notorious Christianity Unveiled 1761 in Boulanger s name Boulanger s collected works were published in 1792. Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Boulanger, Nicolas Antoine ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1722 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1759 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Boulanger, Nicolas Antoine Category 1722 births Category 1759 deaths Category Philosophes Category French philosophers Category Enlightenment philosophers Category 18th century philosophers Category 18th century French writers Category Naturalism philosophy france stub de Nicolas Antoine Boulanger es Nicolas Antoine Boulanger fr Nicolas Antoine Boulanger it Nicolas Antoine Boulanger pl Nicolas Antoine Boulanger ru , ... more details
Dimanche des Rameaux Palm Sunday is a socio political essay written in French language French by Jos Rizal but published in Berlin on November 30, 1886. It talked of the significance of Palm Sunday in socio political terms This entry of Jesus into Jerusalem decided the fate of the jealous priests, the Pharisees, of all those who believed themselves the only ones who had the right to speak in the name of God, of those who would not admit the truths said by others because they have not been said by them. That triumph, those hosannas, all those flowers, those olive branches, were not for Jesus alone they were the songs of the victory of the new law, they were the canticles celebrating the dignification of man, the liberty of man, the first mortal blow directed against despotism and slavery . ref cite book author Harry Sichrovsky title Ferdinand Blumentritt an Austrian life for the Philippines the story of Jos Rizal s closest friend and companion url http books.google.com books?id yBFKQAACAAJ year 1987 isbn 978 971 13 6024 5 page 39 ref Shortly after the publication of this essay, Rizal was summoned by the German people German police because he was suspected to be a French people French spy ref Ambeth Ocampo, Rizal without the Overcoat Manila Anvil Publishing Co., 1990 ISBN 971 27 0043 7. Retrieved January 10, 2007. ref . Category 1880s essays References Reflist ... more details
Leo Gershoy was a history professor at New York University 1940 1975. In his name the American Historical Association awards an annual prize for the best new book on 17th or 18th century European history. An annual lecture at New York University is also named for him. Works cite book last Gershoy first Leo authorlink title The French Revolution, 1789 1799 publisher International Thomson Publishing series year 1932 doi isbn 978 0 03 082832 4 cite book last Gershoy first Leo authorlink title The French Revolution and Napoleon publisher Appleton Century series year 1933 doi isbn cite book last Gershoy first Leo authorlink title From despotism to revolution, 1763 1789 publisher Harper & Row series Rise of modern Europe year 1963 doi isbn cite book last Gershoy first Leo authorlink title The Era of the French Revolution, 1789 1799 Ten Years That Shook the World publisher Krieger Publishing Company series Rise of modern Europe year 1979 doi isbn 978 0 89874 718 8 Expand list date September 2011 US historian stub Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Gershoy, Leo ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION American historian DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Gershoy, Leo Category American historians ... more details
In political anthropology , a theatre state is a political state polity state directed towards the performance of drama tic ritual s rather than more conventional ends such as economics economic welfare. Power in a theatre state is exercised through spectacle . The term was coined by Clifford Geertz in 1980 in reference to political practice in nineteenth century Bali , ref Geertz, C. 1980 Negara The Theatre State in Nineteenth Century Bali . Princeton University Press . ISBN 0691007780. ref but its usage has since expanded. Hunik Kwon and Byung Ho Chung, for example, argue that contemporary North Korea is a theatre state. ref Kwon, H. & Chung, B H. 2012 North Korea Beyond Charismatic Politics . Rowman & Littlefield, Chapter 2. ISBN 1442215771. ref In Geertz s original usage, the concept of the theatre state contests the notion that precolonial society can be analysed in the conventional discourse of Oriental despotism . ref Heder, S. Political Theatre in the 2003 Cambodian Elections , in Strauss, J. C. & O Brien, D. C. eds. 2007 Staging Politics Power and Performance in Asia and Africa . I. B. Tauris , p. 151. ref References references Category Anthropology Category Political science anthropology stub politics stub ... more details
forms of government Sultanism , another name for Despotism , is a form of authoritarianism authoritarian government characterized by the extreme personal presence of the ruler in all elements of governance. The ruler may or may not be present in economic or social life, and thus there may be Pluralism political philosophy pluralism in these areas, but this is never true of political power. The term Sultanism is derived from the word Sultan , which is a title used in Muslim societies for a sovereign or absolute monarch. The Sultan was traditionally a secular office, unlike the Caliphate , and thus the term Sultanism should not be deemed anti Islamic. Some Sultans were constitutional monarchs. According to Juan Linz & Alfred Stepan quote T he essential reality in a sultanistic regime is that all individuals, groups and institutions are permanently subject to the unpredictable and despotic intervention of the sultan, and thus all pluralism is precarious Linz & Stepan, Modern Nondemocratic Regimes in Problems of Democratic Transition & Consolidation , Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1996 In Sultanism, the sultan may or may not adopt a ruling ideology but is never bound by any rules or given ideology, even his own. The sultan may also use whatever forces he can to exercise his personal will, such as paramilitary para militaries or gangs . The clearest examples of Sultanism are cite Haiti under the Duvalier s, the Dominican Republic under Rafael Trujillo Trujillo , the Central African Republic under Bokassa , the Philippines under Marcos , Romania under Nicolae Ceau escu Ceau escu , and North Korea under Kim Il Sung . cite Linz & Stepan, Modern Nondemocratic Regimes . quote ...in the extreme case, Sultanism tend s to arise whenever traditional domination develops an administration and a military force which are purely instruments of the master... Where domination ... Sultanate Despotism Tyranny Absolute monarchy Dictatorship Authoritarianism Caliphate Further reading ... more details
A hydraulic empire also known as a hydraulic despotism , or water monopoly empire is a social or government structure which maintains power and control through exclusive control over access to water. It arises through the need for flood control and irrigation , which requires central coordination and a specialized bureaucracy . ref cite book last Wittfogel first Karl authorlink Karl August Wittfogel coauthors title Oriental despotism a comparative study of total power publisher Random House year 1957 location New York pages url isbn 9780394747019 ref Often associated with these terms and concepts is the notion of a water dynasty . This body is a political structure which is commonly characterized by a system of hierarchy and control often based around class or caste. Power, both over resources food, water, energy and a means of enforcement such as the military are vital for the maintenance of control. Civilizations A developed hydraulic civilization maintains control over its population by means of controlling the supply of water. The term was coined by the German American historian Karl August Wittfogel 1896 1988 , in Oriental Despotism 1957 . Wittfogel asserted that such hydraulic civilizations although they were neither all located in the Orient nor characteristic of all Oriental societies were essentially different from those of the Western world. Most of the first civilizations in history, such as Ancient Egypt , History of Somalia Ancient Ancient Somalia , Sri Lanka, Mesopotamia , China and pre Columbian Mexico and Peru , are believed to have been hydraulic empires. citation needed date February 2012 The Indus Valley civilization is often considered a hydraulic empire despite a lack of evidence of irrigation as this evidence may have been lost in time due to flood ... and Co. Ltd. ref This was accomplished through a type of agro managerial despotism with close ... Despotism Interesting analysis. Very acute...my ancestors would probably have killed him. Hamdo ... more details
. ref citation first Jerome last Offner title On the Inapplicability of Oriental Despotism and the Asiatic ... world wars. Wittfogel suggested in his concept of Oriental despotism that this may have been ... first Karl last Wittfogel title Oriental despotism a comparative study of total power publisher ... more details
wiktionary enlightenment Enlightenment Enlightenment may refer to tocright Culture Age of Enlightenment , period in Western history and its corresponding movement Enlightenment spiritual , a final blessed state free from ignorance, desire and suffering Enlightenment in Western secular tradition Enlightenment in Buddhism Ionian Enlightenment , the origin of ancient Greek advances in philosophy and science Scottish Enlightenment , period in 18th century Scotland American Enlightenment , intellectual culture of the British North American colonies and the early United States Enlightenment in Poland , ideas of the Age of Enlightenment in Poland Catholic Enlightenment , movement within Catholicism to find answers to the secularism of the Enlightenment Russian Enlightenment , a period in the eighteenth century in which the government in Russia began to actively encourage the proliferation of arts and sciences Enlightenment in Spain , Bourbon period of reform and enlightened despotism Modern Greek Enlightenment , an 18th century national revival and educational movement in Greece Haskalah , Jewish Enlightenment, movement among European Jews in the late 18th century Computing Enlightenment window manager , an X Window System window manager Enlightenment Foundation Libraries , software libraries that grew out of the Enlightenment window manager project Enlightened Sound Daemon , the sound server for the Enlightenment window manager Enlighten radiosity engine , code to do real time calculation of indirect lighting radiosity in video games Film and television Enlightened TV series Enlightened TV series , a 2011 HBO comedy series starring Laura Dern Enlightenment Doctor Who Enlightenment Doctor Who , a 1983 Doctor Who serial Music Enlightenment Van Morrison album Enlightenment Van Morrison album , 1990 Enlightenment McCoy Tyner album Enlightenment McCoy Tyner album , 1973 Enlightenment Van Morrison song Enlightenment Van Morrison song , 1990 Enlightened album Enlightened album , ... more details
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