Cleanup date July 2008 Detrendedcorrespondenceanalysis DCA is a multivariate statistics statistical technique widely used by ecology ecologist s to find the main factors or gradients in large, species rich but usually sparse data matrices that typify Community ecology ecological community data. For example, Hill and Gauch 1980, p. 55 analyse the data of a vegetation survey of southeast England including 876 species in 3270 Species area curve relev s . After eliminating outliers , DCA is able to identify two main axes The first axis goes from dry to wet conditions, and the second axis from woodland to weed communities. History of DCA It was created in 1979 by Mark Hill of the United Kingdom United Kingdom s Institute for Terrestrial Ecology now merged into Centre for Ecology and Hydrology and implemented in FORTRAN code package called DECORANA DetrendedCorrespondenceAnalysis , a correspondenceanalysis method. DCA is sometimes erroneously referred to as DECORANA however, DCA is the underlying ... program for DetrendedCorrespondenceAnalysis and Reciprocal Averaging . Section of Ecology and Systematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 52pp. Hill, M.O. and Gauch, H.G. 1980 . DetrendedCorrespondenceAnalysis An Improved Ordination Technique. Vegetatio 42 , 47&ndash 58. Oksanen J and Minchin ... DetrendedCorrespondenceAnalysis and Basic Reciprocal Averaging from Hill and Gauch 1980 Category ... statistics ordination such as a correspondenceanalysis the ordination scores of the samples ... five species. Image PAST CA Ideal 5Species Per Sample.png thumb Result of Correspondenceanalysis for the ideal ... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 The plot of the first two axes of the correspondenceanalysis ... effect , even though the process under analysis is a steady and continuous change that human intuition ... this allows testing of a null model by Monte Carlo permutation analysis. Example The example shows ... of Gradient Analysis. Advances in Ecological Research 18 , 271&ndash 371. ISBN 0 12 013918 9. Reprinted ... more details
Correspondenceanalysis CA is a multivariate statistics statistical technique proposed ref Dodge, Y. 2003 The Oxford Dictionary of Statistical Terms , OUP ISBN 0 19 850994 4 ref by Hirschfeld ref Hirschfeld, H.O. 1935 A connection between correlation and contingency , Proc. Cambridge Philosophical Society , 31, 520&ndash 524 ref and later developed by Jean Paul Benz cri . ref cite book author Benz cri ... and Applications of CorrespondenceAnalysis isbn 0 12 299050 1 ref ref cite book author Greenacre, Michael publisher Chapman & Hall CRC location London year 2007 title CorrespondenceAnalysis in Practice, Second Edition ref Several variants of CA are available, including detrendedcorrespondenceanalysis and canonical correspondenceanalysis . The extension of correspondenceanalysis to many categorical variables is called multiple correspondenceanalysis . An adaptation of correspondenceanalysis ... analysis for qualitative data is called discriminant correspondenceanalysis or barycentric discriminant analysis. In the social sciences, correspondenceanalysis, and particularly its extension multiple correspondenceanalysis , was made known outside France through French sociologist Pierre ... ca code ref Nenadic, O. and Greenacre, M. 2007 http www.jstatsoft.org v20 i03 Correspondenceanalysis ... 3 ref , code vegan, code , and code http factominer.free.fr FactoMineR code implement correspondenceanalysis and multiple correspondenceanalysis. Here is a link to a MATLAB program with a tutorial for correspondenceanalysis http www.utdallas.edu herve abdi CorrespondenceAnalysisMatlabProgram.zip ... , BBVA Foundation, Madrid, Spanish translation of CorrespondenceAnalysis in Practice , available ... Analyse des Correspondances ref It is conceptually similar to principal component analysis , but applies to categorical rather than continuous data. In a similar manner to principal component analysis ... Category Multivariate statistics Category Data analysis ca An lisi de correspond ncies de ... more details
In stochastic processes , chaotic dynamical systems chaos theory and time series analysis , detrended fluctuation analysis DFA is a method for determining the statistical self affinity of a signal. It is useful for analysing time series that appear to be long memory processes diverging correlation time , e.g. power law decaying autocorrelation function or 1 f noise . The obtained exponent is similar to the Hurst exponent , except that DFA may also be applied to signals whose underlying statistics ... the relation between detrended fluctuation analysis and power spectral density analysis for stochastic ... coauthors S.A. Zschiegner, E. Koscielny Bunde, S. Havlin, A. Bunde title Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis of nonstationary time series journal Physica A year 2002 volume 316 pages 87 url http havlin.biu.ac.il Publications.php?keyword Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis of nonstationary ... time series analysis Hurst exponent Fluctuations analysis Long term persistence References reflist External links http www.nbtwiki.net doku.php?id tutorial detrended fluctuation analysis dfa Tutorial on how to calculate detrended fluctuation analysis in Matlab using the Neurophysiological Biomarker ... pdf PRE v49 i2 p1685 1 ref and represents an extension of the ordinary fluctuation analysis ... journal last Kantelhardt J.W. et al. title Detecting long range correlations with detrended fluctuation analysis journal Physica A year 2001 volume 295 pages 441 454 ref . Next, the root mean square ... range R S analysis removes constants trends in the original sequence and thus, in its detrending ... Dna Sequences Genbank Analysis journal Phys Rev E year 1995 volume 51 pages 5084 5091 url ... of trends on DFA were studied in ref cite journal last Hu, K. et al title Effect of trends on detrended fluctuation analysis journal Phys Rev E year 2001 volume 64 1 pages 011114 ref and relation ... of DFA and C code to calculate it. Category Stochastic processes Category Time series analysis de ... more details
In statistics , multiple correspondenceanalysis MCA is a data analysis technique for nominal categorical data, used to detect and represent underlying structures in a data set. It does this by representing data as points in a low dimensional Euclidean space . The procedure thus appears to be the counterpart of principal component analysis for categorical data ref Le Roux, B. and H. Rouanet 2004 , Geometric Data Analysis, From CorrespondenceAnalysis to Structured Data Analysis, Dordrecht. Kluwer p.180 ref ref cite book author Greenacre, Michael and Blasius, J rg editors title Multiple CorrespondenceAnalysis and Related Methods publisher Chapman & Hall CRC location London year 2006 ref . MCA is an extension of simple correspondenceanalysis CA in that it is applicable to a large set of categorical ... CRC location London year 2007 title CorrespondenceAnalysis in Practice, Second Edition ref An indicator ... 2004 , Geometric Data Analysis, From CorrespondenceAnalysis to Structured Data Analysis, Dordrecht ... variables. Analyzing the Burt table is a more natural generalization of simple correspondenceanalysis ... 2004 , Geometric Data Analysis, From CorrespondenceAnalysis to Structured Data Analysis at Google ... dimensions best able to describe the central oppositions in the data. As in factor analysis or principal component analysis , the first axis is the most important dimension, the second axis ... of axes to be retained for analysis, is determined by calculating modified eigenvalues . In the social ... Analysis of Questionnaires. The Lesson of Bourdieu s La Distinction , in Bulletin de M thodologie Sociologique 65, pp. 4 18 ref . Sociologists following Bourdieu s work most often opt for the analysis ... accorded to the analysis of the cloud of individuals . ref Lebaron, Fr d ric 2009 How Bourdieu Quantified ... tlfu esp publicaciones libros fichalibro index.jsp?codigo 300 Categories DEFAULTSORT Multiple CorrespondenceAnalysis Category Multivariate statistics Category Data analysis fr Analyse des correspondances ... more details
wiktionarypar correspondenceCorrespondence may refer to In general usage, non concurrent, remote communication between people, including letter message letter s, email , newsgroups , Internet forums , blogs Correspondence theory of truth philosophy , a theory in epistemology Correspondence principle physics , that theories must agree with experimental evidence Correspondence theology , the relationship between spiritual and physical realities Correspondence mathematics , several related meanings Correspondenceanalysis , a multivariate statistical technique Correspondence problem computer vision , finding depth information in stereography Regular sound correspondence linguistics , see Comparative method Correspondence rules quantum mechanics Correspondence chess played between different geographical locations Correspondence course, a distant education method Correspondence album , a 1983 studio album by singer and musician Peter Godwin disambig de Korrespondenz Begriffskl rung eo Korespondo eu Korrespondentzia argipena io Korespondo it Corrispondenza nn Korrespondanse sk Kore pondencia sv Korrespondens ... more details
MACD Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 The detrended price oscillator DPO is an indicator in technical analysis that attempts to eliminate the long term trends in prices. Leaving short term trends, the indicator allows immediate overbought and oversold levels to be found more effectively. The detrended price oscillator is clearly a form of price oscillator, and is related to the percentage price oscillator PPO and the absolute price oscillator APO . The APO is an essentially equivalent to the well known MACD indicator. A PPO is an improved alternative to the APO or the MACD for use when a stock s price change has been large, or when comparing the oscillator behavior for different stocks which have significantly different prices. Although these are not so commonly used with the DPO, for the other price oscillators, as for the MACD, a signal line is frequently generated for the price oscillators by taking an Exponential moving average Exponential moving average exponential moving average EMA of the price oscillator values and plotting the two lines together. A histogram can also be generated for the price oscillators, if desired, just as is done for the MACD indicator. The DPO is calculated by subtracting the moving average finance Simple moving average simple moving average over an n day period and shifted n 2 1 days back from the price. To calculate the detrended price oscillator Decide on the time frame that you wish to analyze. Set n as half of that cycle period. Calculate a simple moving average for n periods. Calculate n 2 1 Subtract the moving average, from n 2 1 days ago, from the closing price DPO Close Simple moving average from n 2 1 days ago DEFAULTSORT Detrended Price Oscillator Category Technical indicators Finance stub ... more details
Image Postcard for correspondence chess.jpg thumb 325px right Postcard for international correspondence chess File Back of correspondence chess card.tif right thumb Card used by the US Chess Federation Correspondence chess is chess played by various forms of long distance correspondence, usually through a correspondence chess server , through e mail email or by the postal system less common methods ... . Correspondence chess allows people or clubs who are geographically distant to play one another without meeting in person. These distant relationships are just one of the many distinct appeals of correspondence chess. ref Craig Sadler, Facts, Games and World Champions of Correspondence Chess, http ... played by correspondence can vary depending on the method used to transmit the moves a game played ... between players in different countries might last several years. Structure of correspondence chess Correspondence chess differs from over the board play in several respects. While players in OTB chess generally play one at a time an exception being a simultaneous exhibition , correspondence players ... may have more than one hundred games continuing at the same time. Time limits in correspondence ... assistance has altered the essence of correspondence chess and in addition to profound chess knowledge and analytical discipline, the ability to interpret and guide computer analysis has become ... bodies of correspondence chess Correspondence chess tournaments are usually played under the auspices of an official regulatory body, most importantly International Correspondence Chess Federation ... organizes postal and email events, is not the only organization involved in correspondence chess ... Internet Correspondence Games Server FICGS , that also runs a world championship cycle, and International .... The ICCF awards the titles International Master , Senior International Master and International Correspondence ... chess. The ICCF also runs the World Correspondence Chess Championships. Because these events can ... more details
Several approaches to Springer correspondence have been developed. T. A. Springer s original construction ... Springer correspondence has been studied by Lusztig Spaltenstein 1985 and by Lusztig in his ... correspondence. Example For the special linear group SL sub n sub , the unipotent conjugacy classes ... a field of characteristic zero are also parametrized by the partitions of n . The Springer correspondence ... Springer correspondence turned out to be closely related to the classification of primitive ideal ... resolutions of nilpotent varieties . Analysis and topology on singular spaces, II, III Luminy, 1981 ... 1981 , 169 178. G. Lusztig and N. Spaltenstein. On the generalized Springer correspondence for classical ... Springer correspondence for exceptional groups . Advanced Studies in Pure Mathematics ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 TWCleanup A lexical correspondence is a set of cognate words or morpheme s in two or more related languages. In order to form such a correspondence, it is not sufficient that the words are similar in both form and meaning, but that regular sound correspondence s occur between the phoneme s contained in the words. DEFAULTSORT Lexical Correspondence Category Lexicology ... more details
This article discusses quantum theory and relativity. For other uses, see Correspondence principle disambiguation . In physics , the correspondence principle states that the behavior of systems described ... mechanics reduces to classical mechanics. Bohr s correspondence principle demands that classical physics ... first Niels authorlink Niels Bohr title Niels Bohr, Collected Works, Volume 3, The Correspondence Principle ... under which quantum and classical physics agree are referred to as the correspondence limit , or the classical limit . Bohr provided a rough prescription for the correspondence limit it occurs when the quantum numbers describing the system are large . A more elaborated analysis of quantum classical correspondence QCC in wavepacket spreading leads to the distinction between robust restricted ... 1925 new quantum theory came in two different formulations. In matrix mechanics , the correspondence ... obey Newton s laws. The correspondence principle is one of the tools available to physicists for selecting ... space. The correspondence principle limits the choices to those that reproduce classical mechanics in the correspondence limit. Because quantum mechanics only reproduces classical mechanics in a statistical ... scientific theories The term correspondence principle is used in a more general sense to mean the reduction ... for which the preceding theory was known to be valid, the correspondence limit . For example, Einstein s special relativity satisfies the correspondence principle, because it reduces to classical mechanics ... are protein coding genes . In order for there to be a correspondence, the earlier theory has to have ... with the correspondence formula. For a hydrogen atom, the classical orbits have a period ... Bohr Model model . Since only the level spacing is determined by the correspondence principle, you ... order approximation. One dimensional potential Bohr s correspondence condition can be solved for the level ... momentum in the case of the circular orbits. The orbits selected by the correspondence principle ... more details
refimprove date August 2011 In mathematics and mathematical economics, correspondence is a term with several related but not identical meanings. In general mathematics , a correspondence is an ordered triple X , Y , R , where R is a binary relation relation from X to Y , i.e. any subset of the Cartesian product X Y . ref cite book title Encyclopedic dictionary of Mathematics publisher MIT pages 1330 1331 year 2000 isbn 0 262 59020 4 url http books.google.co.uk books?id azS2ktxrz3EC&pg PA1331&hl en&sa X&ei glo6T PmC9Ow8QPvwYmFCw&ved 0CGIQ6AEwBg v onepage&f false ref anchor algebraic geometry In algebraic geometry , a correspondence between algebraic variety algebraic varieties V and W is in the same fashion a subset R of V × W , which is in addition required to be closed in the Zariski ... form theory may be considered as correspondences of modular curve s. However, the definition of a correspondence .... In literature, however, a correspondence from a variety X to a variety Y is often taken to be a subset ... in this latter definition which talks about a correspondence from X to Y rather than a correspondence between X and Y . The typical example of the latter kind of correspondence is the graph of a function ... theory , a correspondence from math C math to math D math is a functor math C op times D to mathbf Set math . It is the opposite of a profunctor . One to one correspondence is an alternate name for a bijection . In von Neumann algebra theory, a correspondence is a synonym for a von Neumann algebra bimodule. In economics , a correspondence between two sets A and B is a map mathematics map f A P B from the elements of the set A to the power set of B . This is similar to a correspondence as defined ... R as subset of A × B , R projects to A surjective ly. A correspondence with this additional ... of a correspondence in this sense is the best response correspondence in game theory , which gives ... opponent s strategy, there is a set of best responses that are equally good, then this is a correspondence ... more details
About correspondence rules in quantum physics their role in philosophy of science Carnap Ramsey sentences Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Expert subject physics date November 2008 In quantum mechanics , correspondence rules refers to the principle of replacing physical quantities with Operator mathematics operators . Such replacements include energy and momentum, which can be derived informally from taking the time and space derivities of the plane wave function. These show a similarity to the heisenberg uncertainty principle . Examples of correspondence rules class wikitable quantity operator See equation Energy Hamiltonian quantum mechanics Hamiltonian math i hbar frac partial partial t math Sc Momentum math i hbar nabla math Continuity equation See also Portal Physics Physics DEFAULTSORT Correspondence Rules Category Quantum mechanics Category Rules Quantum stub ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2011 Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Correspondence Type studio Longtype LP Artist Peter Godwin singer Peter Godwin Cover Peter Godwin Correspondence.jpeg Released 1983 Recorded Genre Pop music Pop Length Label Polydor Records Producer Georg Kajanus Reviews Last album Images Of Heaven Peter Godwin album Images Of Heaven br 1982 This album Correspondence br 1983 Next album Images Of Heaven The Best Of Peter Godwin br 1998 Correspondence is the first full length studio album by Peter Godwin singer Peter Godwin . The album was released in 1983. Track listing All songs written by Peter Godwin unless otherwise noted Baby s In The Mountains The Art of Love Window Shopping Soul to Soul Young Pleasure The Dancer Correspondence Over Twenty One Georg Kajanus Soul of Love Category 1983 albums Category Peter Godwin albums Category Polydor Records albums ... more details
Orphan date February 2012 Business correspondence is the communication or exchange of information in a written format for the process of business activities.Business correspondence can take place between organizations, within organizations or between the customers and the organization.The correspondence is generally of widely accepted formats that are followed universally. ref cite book title Merriam Webster s guide to business correspondence. year 1993 publisher Merriam Webster location Springfield, Mass. isbn 0 87779 131 7 ref Need for written communication Maintaining a proper relationship. Serves as evidence. Create and maintain goodwill . Inexpensive and convenient. Formal communication. Independent of interpersonal skills . ref cite book last Thomas first L. Sue Baugh Maridell Fryar David A. title How to write first class business correspondence the handbook for business writing year 1996 publisher NTC Publ. Group location Lincolnwood, Ill isbn 0 8442 3405 2 edition 1996 printing. ref Types of Business correspondence Business letters Business letters are the most formal method of communication following specific formats. They are addressed to a particular person or organisation.A good business letter follows the seven C s of communication .The different types of business letters used based on their context are as follows, Letters of enquiry Letters of claim complaints Letters of application Letters of approval dismissal Letters of recommendations Letters of sales. Official letters can be handwritten or printed.Modernisation has led to the usage of new means of business correspondence such as E mail and Fax. ref cite book last McLean first Scott title Business communication for success year 2010 publisher Flat World Knowledge location Nyack, NY isbn 978 0 9823618 5 6 ref E mail Email is the least formal method of business communication.It is the most widely used method of written communication usually done in a conversational style. Memorandum Memorandum is a document ... more details
for the problem in theory of computation Post correspondence problem The correspondence problem tries to figure out which parts of an image correspond to which parts of another image, after the camera has moved, time has elapsed, and or the objects have moved around. Overview Given two or more images of the same 3D scene, taken from different points of view, the correspondence problem is to find a set of points in one image which can be identified as the same points in another image. To do this, try to match points or features from one image with the same points or features in another image. The images can be taken from a different point of view, at different times, and with objects in the scene in general motion relative to the camera s . The correspondence problem typically occurs when two images of the same scene are used, the stereo correspondence problem. This concept can be generalized to the three view correspondence problem or, in general, the N view correspondence problem. In the general ... application of the correspondence problem occurs in panorama creation or image stitching ... In computer vision the correspondence problem is studied for the case when a computer should solve it automatically with only images as input. Once the correspondence problem has been solved, resulting in a set of image points which are in correspondence, other methods can be applied to this set ... Simple Example To find the correspondence between set A 2,4,6,1,5 and set B 8,0,2,4 find where they overlap ... in the other image. When you find the best fit the difference in image location is the correspondence .... In A Bayesian Treatment of the Stereo Correspondence Problem Using Half Occluded Regions, P. Belhumeur ... S. Ogale and Yiannis Aloimonos year October 2005. title Shape and the stereo correspondence problem ... year 1992 title A Bayesian Treatment of the Stereo Correspondence Problem Using Half Occluded Regions .... A Taxonomy and Evaluation of Dense Two Frame Stereo Correspondence Algorithms. PDF Stereoscopy Category ... more details
In mathematical physics , the twistor correspondence is a natural transformation natural isomorphism between mass less Yang Mills field s on Minkowski space and sheaf cohomology classes on a real hypersurface of complex projective space CP sup 3 sup . Category Mathematical physics Math stub ... more details
In number theory , the Shimura correspondence is a correspondence between modular form s F of half integral weight k 1 2, and modular forms f of even weight 2 k , discovered by harvs txt authorlink Goro Shimura first Goro last Shimura year 1973 . It has the property that the eigenvalue of a Hecke operator T sub n sup 2 sup sub on F is equal to the eigenvalue of T sub n sub on f . References eom id S s130280 first D. last Bump Citation last1 Shimura first1 Goro title On modular forms of half integral weight jstor 1970831 mr 0332663 year 1973 journal Annals of Mathematics Annals of Mathematics. Second Series issn 0003 486X volume 97 pages 440 481 Category Modular forms ... more details
In theology , correspondence is the relationship between spiritual and natural realities, or between mental and physical realities. Correspondence and esotericism Pierre A. Riffard ref Pierre A. Riffard , Dictionnaire de l sot risme , Paris Payot, 1983, 34. ref The doctrine of analogy and correspondence, present in all esoteric schools of thinking, upholds that the Whole is One and that its different levels realms, worlds are equivalent systems, whose parts are in strict correspondence. So much so that a part in a realm symbolically reflects and interacts with the corresponding part in another realm. For instance, the Sun in the mineral realm is the counterpart of the Lion in the animal realm. The relation between A and B is similar to the relation between C and D. The microcosm and macrocosm are analogous, that is, equivalent, similar in their structures, even though they are outwardly dissimilar. The parts are in strict correspondence, closely knit together and closely interacting thus feet pisces, veins rivers. According to Robert Fludd Utriusque Cosmic Historia , II , Man is a whole world of its own, called microcosm for it displays a miniature pattern of all the parts of the universe. Thus the head is related to the Empyreal, the chest to the ethereal heaven and the belly to the elementary ... one is Correspondence. Symbolic and real correspondences there is no room for abstractions here are said ... correspondence between the natural world and the invisible departments of the celestial and supercelestial ... MC&pg PA12&lpg PA12&dq 22antoine faivre 22 correspondence between&source bl&ots 3cfTZ54cSd ... 1758 and other works. Swedenborg states that there is a correspondence between, for example thought .... Correspondence is a causal relationship i.e., thought is the cause of speech, intention is the cause of action . The correspondence between spiritual and natural things extends to all objects in the physical ... Reflist 2 DEFAULTSORT Correspondence Theology Category Theology fr Analogies et correspondances ... more details
Retinal correspondence is the inherent relationship between paired retina l visual cells in the two human eye eye s. Images from one object stimulate both cells, which transmit the information to the human brain brain , permitting a single visual impression localized in the same direction in space ref name Cassin Cassin, B. and Solomon, S. Dictionary of Eye Terminology. Gainsville, Florida Triad Publishing Company, 1990. ref . Types Normal retinal correspondence NRC is a binocular condition in which both fovea s work together as corresponding retinal ponts, with resultant images fused in the visual cortex occipital cortex of the brain ref name Cassin . Abnormal retinal correspondence ARC is binocular sensory adaptation to compensate for a long standing eye deviation i.e. strabismus . The fovea of the straight non deviated eye and non foveal retinal point of the deviated eye work together, sometimes permitting single binocular vision ref name Cassin . References div class references small references div Internal links Binocular vision Haploscope Stereopsis Orthoptist External links Bhola, Rahul. http webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu eyeforum tutorials Bhola BinocularVision.htm Binocular Vision. University of Iowa Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences EyeRounds.org. January 23, 2006. http www.internationalorthoptics.org International Orthoptics Association http orthoptics.org.au OAA07 Orthoptics Association of Australia Category Vision ... more details
In mathematics, the theta correspondence or Howe correspondence is a correspondence between automorphic forms associated to the two groups of a dual reductive pair , introduced by harvs txt last Howe year 1979 authorlink Roger Evans Howe . See also Metaplectic group References Citation last1 Howe first1 Roger editor1 last Borel editor1 first Armand editor1 link Armand Borel editor2 last Casselman editor2 first W. title Automorphic forms, representations and L functions Proc. Sympos. Pure Math., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, Ore., 1977 , Part 1 url http www.ams.org publications online books pspum331 index publisher American Mathematical Society location Providence, R.I. series Proc. Sympos. Pure Math., XXXIII isbn 978 0 8218 1435 2 mr 546602 year 1979 chapter series and invariant theory chapterurl http www.ams.org publications online books pspum331 pspum331 ptII 8.pdf pages 275 285 Citation last1 M glin first1 Colette last2 Vign ras first2 Marie France last3 Waldspurger first3 Jean Loup title Correspondances de Howe sur un corps p adique publisher Springer Verlag location Berlin, New York series Lecture Notes in Mathematics isbn 978 3 540 18699 1 doi 10.1007 BFb0082712 mr 1041060 year 1987 volume 1291 Citation last1 Waldspurger first1 Jean Loup title Repr sentation m taplectique et conjectures de Howe url http www.numdam.org item?id SB 1986 1987 29 85 0 series S minaire Bourbaki 674 mr 936850 year 1987 journal Ast risque issn 0303 1179 volume 152 153 pages 85 99 Category Langlands program ... more details
NOTOC The secrecy of correspondence lang de Briefgeheimnis , lang fr secret de la correspondance , lang sv brevhemlighet , lang fi kirjesalaisuus , lang hu Lev ltitok , lang pl Tajemnica korespondencji or literally translated as secrecy of letters , is a fundamental legal principle enshrined in the constitution s of several European countries. It guarantees that the content of sealed Letter message letters is never revealed and letters in transit are not opened by government officials or any other third party. It is thus the main legal basis for the assumption of privacy of correspondence . Citation needed date February 2012 The principle has been naturally extended to other forms of telecommunication communication , including telephony and electronic communications on the Internet as the constitutional guarantees are generally thought to cover also these forms of communication. However, national telecommunications privacy laws may allow lawful interception , i.e. wiretapping and monitoring of electronic communications in cases of suspicion of crime. Paper letters have in most jurisdictions remained outside the legal scope of law enforcement surveillance , even in cases of reasonable searches and seizures . When applied to electronic communication, the principle protects not only the content of the communication, but also the information on when and to whom any messages if any have been sent see Call detail record s , and in the case of Mobile phone mobile communication , the location information of the mobile units. As a consequence in jurisdictions with a safeguard on secrecy ... constitutional guarantee on the privacy of correspondence. The secrecy of letters and correspondence is derived through litigation from the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ... Amendment has been extended beyond the home in other instances. A protection similar to that of correspondence ... of correspondence is subject to interpretations. Rights derived from the Fourth Amendment are limited ... more details
Infobox school name The Correspondence School native name Te Aho o Te Kura Pounamu seal image motto type State co ed correspondence school established 1922 address Private Bag 39992, br Wellington Mail Centre, br Lower Hutt 5045 br 11 Portland Crescent, br Thorndon, br Wellington, br New Zealand coordinates coord 41.2739 174.7766 type edu region NZ WGN display inline,title head label Chief Executive Officer head Mike Hollings roll 25,000 decile not given by ERO MOE 498 homepage http www.tekura.school.nz www.tekura.school.nz Te Aho o Te Kura Pounamu or Te Kura formerly The Correspondence School is New Zealand s largest school with around 25,000 students enrolled each year, from early childhood to secondary level. It is headquartered in Portland Crescent in Thorndon , Wellington, New Zealand Wellington . In addition to its ordinary full time students, Te Kura provides programmes to students at other state sector organisations in New Zealand state owned schools where a subject is unavailable, and to adults. Te Kura is Ministry of Education New Zealand Ministry of Education funded. Early history The school began in 1922 with 100 primary education primary level students, expanding into secondary education in 1928 with 50 students and into early childhood education in 1976. When the school was first established in the 1920s, parliamentarians referred to the founding vision as a school for the benefit of the most isolated children, for example of lighthouse keepers and remote shepherds living upon small islands or in mountainous districts . The same parliamentary debate on TCS also described it as a school of last resort, ensuring that no matter where he lived every child should have as full an education as he was capable of achieving . Recent developments The school began a significant review of its services under the leadership of Debbie Francis CEO January 2004 July 2006 during ... site DEFAULTSORT Correspondence School The Category Educational institutions established in 1922 ... more details
otheruses The Committees of Correspondence were shadow governments organized by the Patriot leaders of the Thirteen Colonies on the eve of the American Revolution . They coordinated responses to Britain and shared their plans by 1773 they had emerged as shadow governments, superseding the colonial legislature and royal officials. The Maryland Committee of Correspondence was instrumental in setting up the First Continental Congress , which met in Philadelphia. These served an important role in the Revolution, by disseminating the colonial interpretation of British actions between the colonies and to foreign governments. The committees of correspondence rallied opposition on common causes and established plans for collective action, and so the group of committees was the beginning of what later ... Committees of Correspondence were formed temporarily to address a particular problem. Once ... the formation of a permanent Committee of Correspondence before the History of Virginia Virginia ... Pennsylvania Among the last to form a committee of correspondence, Pennsylvania did so at a meeting ... According to Hancock 1973 , a committee of correspondence was established by Thomas McKean after 10 ... were replaced by elected Committees of Inspection with a subcommittee of Correspondence. The new .... The Correspondence committees exchanged information with others in Boston and Philadelphia, and elsewhere ... s home near Wilmington, North Carolina. The two discussed and drew up plans for a Committee of Correspondence ... 7. ref Perhaps characteristic of Committees of Correspondence members, Harnett was celebrated, distinguished ... North Carolina. ref name Wells ref Ripley Ripley 1859 ref The Correspondence Committee formed ... Congress , which convened in September 1774. The Second Congress created its own committee of correspondence ... were replaced during the revolution with Provincial Congress es. By 1780, committees of correspondence ... establishments Category American Revolution Category Committees fr Committee of correspondence sv ... more details
wikisource Khazar Correspondence The Khazar Correspondence was an exchange of letters in the 950s or 960s between Hasdai ibn Shaprut , foreign secretary to the Caliph of C rdoba, Spain Cordoba , and Joseph Khazar Joseph , Khagan of the Khazars . It is one of the few documents known to have been authored by a Khazar, and one of the very few primary sources on Khazar history. It gives both an account of the conversion itself and of its progress in subsequent generations, as well as demonstrating that within a generation of the fall of the Khazar empire in 969, the Khazar state was still militarily powerful and received tribute from several polities. Background The Correspondence originated with Hasdai ibn Shaprut, foreign secretary to Abd ar Rahman III , the Umayyad Caliph of Cordoba and al Andalus . A man of extensive contacts and virtually unlimited resources, Hasdai learned of the existence of the Khazars from greater Khorasan Khurasani merchants. His ignorance of the Khazar state is odd, and may even have been disingenuous, given Joseph s statements to the effect that there had been communications between the two communities in the past. Hasdai s first messenger found his way to Constantinople , where Byzantine authorities refused to permit him to proceed further. He returned, possibly taking the so called Schechter Letter penned by a Khazar and possibly intended for Hasdai back with him. Eventually Hasdai s letter was given to Jews attached to a Croat embassy, and reached Khazaria via yet another messenger, Isaac ben Eliezer of Nemetz Germany . Joseph s Reply gives an account of Khazar history and of its current c.960 sociopolitical and economic status. He further invites Hasdai to come to Khazaria, an invitation that Hasdai probably never accepted. The Correspondence has survived in three slightly variant versions over the centuries. Text Hasdai s letter to King Joseph I, Hasdai, son of Isaac, son of Ezra, belonging to the exiled Jews of Jerusalem in Spain Sepharad ... more details
P. s Correspondence is a 1845 short story by the 19th century United States American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne , constituting a pioneering work of alternate history . Some consider it the very first such work in the English language depending on whether or not Benjamin Disraeli s Alroy Disraeli novel Alroy of 1833 is defined as being alternate history . In any case, it is certainly among the earliest works of this genre in any language and apparently the first to introduce some features which were to become an essential part of it. It was first published in The United States Magazine and Democratic Review in April 1845 and collected with other Hawthorne stories not of this genre in Mosses from an Old Manse 1846 . The setting The story uses the technique of the False document , common in literature of the period. It purports to transcribe a letter written by a mentally deranged friend of the writer, identified only by the initial P. supposedly to protect his privacy . As presented in the preface, the writer seems to share with the rest of the world the belief that his friend is indeed mad, and publishes the text as an act of kindness rather than out of believing in its veracity. However, the text attributed to P. is far from looking like the ravings of a madman. Rather, it seems the product of a rational and sensitive mind placed in the impossible situation of simultaneously perceiving two realities which contradict each other in numerous important details, having no explanation for this phenomenon, and being increasingly unable to decide which is true and which is imaginary blockquote More and more I recognize that we dwell in a world of shadows and, for my part, I hold it hardly worth the trouble to attempt a distinction between shadows in the mind and shadows out of it. If there be any .... The whole form a series of correspondence, which, should fate seasonably remove my poor ... of Transatlantic Romanticism P. s Correspondence is a story written by an American, set mostly ... more details
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