this article has used the convention BCE CE since 25 February 2005 The Deuteronomist , or simply D , is one of the sources underlying the Hebrew bible the Old Testament , together with the Priestly source and the Yahwist . It is found in the book of Deuteronomy , in the books of Book of Joshua Joshua , Book of Judges Judges , Books of Samuel Samuel , and Books of Kings Kings the Deuteronomistic history, or DtrH and also in the book of Jeremiah . The adjectives Deuteronomic and Deuteronomistic are essentially interchangeable if they are distinguished at all, then the first refers to Deuteronomy and the second to the history . ref Spieckermann, p.338 ref The Deuteronomists are seen more as a school or movement than a single author. ref Albertz 2000 , pp.2 4 ref It is generally agreed that the DtrH originated independently of both the books of book of Genesis Genesis , book of Exodus Exodus , Leviticus and book of Numbers Numbers the first four books of the Torah and the history of the books of Chronicles most scholars trace all or most of it to the Babylonian exile 6th century BCE , and associate it with editorial reworking of both the Tetrateuch and book of Jeremiah Jeremiah . ref Knight, pp.65 66 ref Background Since the mid 20th century scholars have identified the Deuteronomists ... Press year 1989 url http books.google.com.au books?id Dkr7rVd3hAQC&pg PA190&dq Deuteronomist source v onepage&q Deuteronomist 20source&f false Cite book last McKenzie first Steven L title Covenant publisher ... Knox Press year 1999 Cite book last Wells first Roy D chapter Deuteronomist Deuteronomistic Historian ..., Documentary Hypothesis, Deuteronomist source, First Deuteronomist Version The Deuteronomist source Dtr1 isolated, at wikiversity Wikiversity Bible, English, King James, Documentary Hypothesis, Deuteronomist source The Deuteronomist source Dtr2 isolated, at wikiversity Wikiversity Bible, English, King James, Documentary Hypothesis, Deuteronomist source, First Deuteronomist Version, Narrative The narrative ... more details
sources, was polytheistic and family based the middle layer, the Deuteronomist, shows a clear ... Samaria kingdom of Israel c.722 BC the Deuteronomist , responsible for the book of Deuteronomy and dating ... Elohist, Deuteronomist and Priestly reflects a different stage in evolution of religious practice ... , allowing sacrifice at any place the Deuteronomist records the moment in history i.e., the reform ..., post dating the Deuteronomist. He summarises also his further conclusions There was no written Law ... more details
The Hexateuch six scrolls is the first six books of the Hebrew Bible ref name Harris Stephen L Harris Harris, Stephen L. , Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto Mayfield. 1985. ref the Torah or Pentateuch and the book of Joshua . Some scholars propose that Joshua represents part of the northern Yahwist source c 950 BC , detached from JE document by the Deuteronomist c 650 621 and incorporated into the Deuteronomic history , with the books of Judges, Kings, and Samuel. Reasons for this unity, in addition to the presumed presence of the other documentary traditions, are taken from comparisons of the thematic concerns that underlie the narrative surface of the texts. For instance, the Book of Joshua stresses the continuity of leadership from Moses to Joshua. Furthermore the theme of Joshua , the fulfillment of God s promise to lead the Israelites to the Promised Land, complements the thematic material of the Pentateuch, which had ended with the Israelites on the border of the Promised Land ready to enter. The theory that Joshua completes the Torah in a Hexateuch is advanced by critical scholars in the new field of history of traditions , but the majority of traditional scholars follow the older rabbinic tradition, as it was expressed by the compilers of the Jewish Encyclopedia a century ago, that the Pentateuch is a complete work in itself. Fact date December 2007 See also Pentateuch Heptateuch the Hexateuch, plus the Book of Judges Octateuch including the Book of Ruth Documentary hypothesis Martin Noth Old English Hexateuch Sixth and Seventh Books of Moses References Reflist External links Cite NIE year 1905 Hexateuch author Nathaniel Schmidt Books of the Bible Category Biblical criticism Category Hebrew Bible de Hexateuch id Heksateukh it Esateuco ... more details
Eben Ezer lang he , Even Ha Ezer , lit. stone of help , is the name of a location that is mentioned by the Books of Samuel as the scene of battles between the Israelites and Philistines . It is specified as having been less than a day s journey by foot from Shiloh Bible Shiloh , near Aphek biblical Aphek , in the neighbourhood of Mizpah in Benjamin Mizpah , near the western entrance of the pass of Beth horon . However, its location has not been identified in modern times with much certainty, with some identifying it with Beit Iksa , and others with Dayr Aban . Historical mentions It appears in the Books of Samuel in two narratives In the first narrative bibleverse 1 Samuel 4 1 11 HE , the Philistines defeat the Israelites, even though the Israelites brought the ark of the covenant onto the battlefield in hope of it bringing them a divinely assured victory. As a result of the Philistine victory and the ark s presence on the battlefield, Philistine captivity of the Ark it was captured by the Philistines , and not returned until many weeks later. In the second narrative bibleverse 1 Samuel 7 2 14 HE , the Israelites defeat the Philistines, after Samuel has offered a sacrifice. Samuel puts up a stone in memorial and names it Eben Ezer the placename in the previous narrative resulting from this . This monument is referred to in the hymn Come Thou Fount of Every Blessing . ref cite web title Here I Raise My Ebenezer url http www.apologeticspress.org apcontent.aspx?category 11&article 909 work http www.apologeticspress.org accessdate 4 April 2012 ref Interpretations According to some modern textual criticism textual scholars , the second narrative is a redaction , added by a later editor, probably the deuteronomist , ref JewishEncyclopedia ref probably to explain away what is in reality an earlier sanctuary that featured a stone as a Fetishism fetish of Yahweh such sanctuaries are found in the Canaan ite archaeological record . ref Israel Finkelstein , The Bible U ... more details
exilic second version of Deuteronomy Dtr2 , to reflect the deuteronomist s worldview after ... to provide an aetiology for the site acceptable to the deuteronomist s theology. ref Richard Elliott ..., Documentary Hypothesis, Deuteronomist source, First Deuteronomist Version, Curse blessing pairs ... more details
File DuraSyn WB4 Ark and Temple of Dagon.jpg thumb right 300px Fresco of the Philistine captivity of the ark, in the Dura Europos synagogue . The Philistine captivity of the Ark was an episode described in the biblical history of the Israelite s, in which the Ark of the covenant was in the possession of the Philistines , who had captured it after defeating the Israelites in a battle at a location between Eben ezer , where the Israelites encamped, and Aphek biblical Aphek , probably Antipatris where the Philistines encamped. The ark narrative does not include any mention of Samuel Biblical figure Samuel Bill Arnold suggests that it is in order to celebrate the power of Yahweh s ark. ref Bill T. Arnold, Samuel, Books of in Bill T. Arnold and H. G. M. Williamson eds. , Dictionary of the Old Testament Historical Books InterVarsity Press, 2005 , 867. ref Many scholars put 1 Samuel 4 6 together with 2 Samuel 6 and believe that it reflects an old source that was eventually incorporated into the History of David s Rise or into the later Deuteronomist Deuteronomistic History . ref K. L. Sparks, Ark of the Covenant in Bill T. Arnold and H. G. M. Williamson eds. , Dictionary of the Old Testament Historical Books InterVarsity Press, 2005 , 91. ref According to the Books of Samuel 1 Samuel 4, prior to the battle the Ark had been residing at the ancient sanctuary of Shiloh Biblical city Shiloh , but was brought out by the Israelites in hope of victory. The Israelites suffered a significant defeat, Hophni and Phinehas , sons of the Kohen Gadol High Priest Eli Bible Eli , were killed and the ark was captured. The news of the ark s capture was such a shock to Eli that he fell off his chair and died, while Phinehas wife died in childbirth as she heard the news, giving birth to Ichabod , whose name means Where is the glory? Robert Alter argues that 1 Samuel 4 22 should be translated as Glory is exiled from Israel, and that the story of the Philistine captivity of the ark is one of exi ... more details
et Archeologique Francaise, 1993 , pages 511 532. Articles on Asher Bible Asher , the Deuteronomist ... of America ,1994 , pages 780 782. Sex, Religion, and Politics The Deuteronomist on Intermarriage ... The Dedication of Temple in Jerusalem Solomon s Temple and the Deuteronomist s Program Catholic Biblical ... Society Vol. 116 Ann Arbor , Michigan American Oriental Society , 1996 , pp. 670 697. The Deuteronomist ... more details
Taberah lang he is one of the locations at which, according to the Book of Numbers , the Israelites passed through during the Exodus their Exodus journey ref bibleverse Numbers 11 1 3 ref . The biblical narrative states that the place received its name ref bibleverse Numbers 11 3 ref , which means burning ref Cheyne and Black, Encyclopedia Biblica ref , because Yahweh had set fire to the Israelites there, as Revenge vengeance against their continued complaints ref name bibleverse Numbers 11 1 bibleverse Numbers 11 1 ref the text states that the fire first combusted the people at the outer edges of the Israelite group ref name bibleverse Numbers 11 1 , and was extinguished when Moses prayed on the people s behalf ref bibleverse Numbers 11 2 ref . According to textual criticism textual scholars , the account concerning Taberah is part of the Elohist text, and occurs at the same point in the Exodus narrative as the account of Kibroth Hattaavah in the Jahwist text ref Peake s commentary on the Bible ref ref name ReferenceA Cheyne and Black, Encyclopedia Biblica ref indeed, one or both of Tabarah and Hattavah may be Phonological change phonological and Typographical error typographical corruptions of the same original word ref name ReferenceA . Taberah is not listed in the full stations list later in the Book of Numbers, with the people going straight from biblical Mount Sinai Mount Sinai to Kibroth hattavah ref bibleverse Numbers 33 16 ref , and there is no hint that the Israelites had to travel from Taberah to Kibroth hattaavah, implying that they were the same location ref name Jewish Encyclopedia Jewish Encyclopedia ref nevertheless, Taberah and Kibroth hattaavah are listed as different places by a passage in Deuteronomy ref bibleverse Deuteronomy 9 22 ref , which textual scholars ascribe to the deuteronomist , and consequently date to over two centuries later than the Jahwist and Elohist, and also later than the combined JE text ref Richard Elliott ... more details
ref name JE the poor tithe and second tithe together being the Deuteronomist s version and the first time being the version of the priestly source . ref name JE Although such scholars speculate that the deuteronomist ... revisionists worldview, all Levites can be legitimate priests, which is likely to be why the Deuteronomist ... more details
BCE, based on the testimony of the Deuteronomist Deuteronomistic source , monotheistic worship of Yahweh ... books ascribed to the Deuteronomist were written during Josiah s rule. The final two decades of the monarchic ... more details
, Deuteronomist and the Priestly source , composed between 900 550 BCE, redaction redacted c 450 BCE ... Citation needed reason especially here date June 2010 Book of Joshua ca. 625 BCE by the Deuteronomist called D working with traditional materials Book of Judges ca. 625 BCE by the Deuteronomist called D working with traditional materials Book of Samuel ca. 625 BCE by the Deuteronomist called D working with traditional materials Books of Kings Book of Kings ca. 625 BCE by the Deuteronomist called ... more details
that legitimated its prerogatives. The tradition of the landowners was based on the old Deuteronomist ... that Joshua is thoroughly Deuteronomist ic. While the crossing of the Jordan has extremely Priestly ... to cross , it is more probable that the Deuteronomist knew a priestly tradition of the Exodus separate from the one that produced the Pentateuch. ref Kugler&Hartin, p.122 ref See also Deuteronomist ... more details
the Jahwist , Elohist , Deuteronomist and the Priestly source , composed between 900 550 BC, redacted ... or Eleazar Deuteronomist using material from the Jahwist and Elohist Book of Judges Judges Samuel Bible Samuel Deuteronomist Book of Ruth Ruth Samuel Bible Samuel A later author, writing after the time ... Prophet Nathan rowspan 2 Deuteronomist as a combination of a Jerusalem source, republican source ... 2 Samuel Books of Kings 1 Kings rowspan 2 Perhaps Ezra rowspan 2 Deuteronomist Books of Kings 2 Kings ... isbn 1 56148 414 8 ref This book has some affinities with the Deuteronomist author Book of Lamentations ... more details
language German equivalent of the English language English letter Y the Elohist , E the Deuteronomist ..., p.97 ref See also Elohist Deuteronomist Priestly Source Documentary Hypothesis Notes Reflist ... more details
unreferenced date June 2008 Bible related Source criticism , as the term is used in biblical criticism , refers to the attempt to establish the sources used by the author and or redactor of the final text. The term literary criticism is occasionally used as a synonym. Biblical source criticism originated in the 18th century with the work of Jean Astruc , who adapted the methods already developed for investigating the texts of Classical antiquity Homer s Iliad in particular to his own investigation into the sources of the Book of Genesis . It was subsequently considerably developed by German scholars in what was known as the Higher Criticism , a term no longer in widespread use. The ultimate aim of these scholars was to reconstruct the history of the biblical text, as well as the religious history of ancient Israel. In general, the closer a source is to the event which it purports to describe, the more one can trust it to give an accurate description of what really happened. In the Bible where a variety of earlier sources have been quoted, the historian seeks to identify and date those sources used by biblical writers as the first step in evaluating their historical reliability. In other cases, Bible scholars use the way a text is written changes in style, vocabulary, repetitions, and the like to determine what sources may have been used by a biblical author. With some reasonable guesswork it is possible to deduce sources not identified as such e.g., genealogies . Some inter biblical sources can be determined by virtue of the fact that the source is still extant e.g., where Chronicles quotes or retells the accounts of the books of Samuel and Kings. Out of source criticism developed the New Documentary hypothesis Documentary Hypothesis . The New Documentary Hypothesis considers the sources for the Pentateuch, claiming that there were four separate sources that combined to create the first five books of the bible. These sources are the Yahwist , Elohist , Deuteronomist ... more details
the Deuteronomist s version and the Maaser Rishon being the version of the priestly source ref ... to be supported by others property. Although the deuteronomist is generally considered to be a later ... more details
. The Deuteronomist author may have used the then recent 701 BCE campaign of the Assyria ... a pan Israel perspective with Joshua as the hero four centuries later the Deuteronomist reworked ... were added last, by a non Deuteronomist, who also added chapter 24 as a new conclusion. ref De ... come from the Deuteronomist and John Van Seters has argued for a whole series of additions to the book ...&pg PA378&lpg PA378&dq v onepage&q&f false Cite book last Van Seters first John chapter The Deuteronomist ... more details
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