Unreferenced date December 2009 Integrated geography is the branch of geography that describes the spatial aspects of interactions between humans and the natural world. It requires an understanding of the dynamics of geology , meteorology , hydrology , biogeography , ecology , and geomorphology , as well as the ways in which human societies conceptualize the environment. The links between cultural and physical geography were once more readily apparent than they are today. As human experience of the world is increasingly mediated by technology, the relationships have often become obscured. Integrated geography represents a critically important set of analytical tools for assessing the impact of human presence on the environment biophysical environment by measuring the result of human activity on natural landforms and cycles. Integrated geography is the third branch of geography, as compared to physical and human geography. Integrated geography concentrates on the relationship between human and the surrounding world. See also Wikipedia Books Geography Physical geography Meteorology Climate Human geography Environmental social science DEFAULTSORT Integrated Geography Category Human geography Category Physical geography Category Environmental social science Geo term stub gl Xeograf a ambiental hi hr Ekolo ka geografija ka zh ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 Visual geography is the study of geography as represented in paintings, photos and other forms of the visual arts . Both human geography and physical geography in the visual arts are studied. Typical studies in Visual Geography include the geographical symbols within visual arts. Another is cross referencing the date a piece of visual art was produced with known weather records to see if the art was drawn accurately in the field or from memory in a studio. Category Branches of geography DEFAULTSORT Visual Geography Geo term stub ... more details
Multiple issues wikify March 2012 orphan March 2012 notability February 2012 Emotional geography is a subtopic within human geography , dealing with the relationships between emotions and place specifically how human emotions relate to, or affect the environment around them. ref name HumGeo cite book last Gregory first Derek title The Dictionary of Human Geography year 2011 publisher John Wiley & Sons isbn 1 4443 5995 9 ref References reflist 1 Human geography Category Geography Category Cultural geography psych stub geography stub ... more details
History of geography sidebar The history of geography includes various history histories of geography ..., geography has become a distinct academic discipline. Geography derives from the from Greek ...?term geography title Online Etymology Dictionary publisher Etymonline.com date accessdate 2009 04 17 ... to use the word geography was Eratosthenes 276 194 BC . However there is evidence for recognizable practices of geography, such as cartography or map making prior to the use of the term geography ... Geography and Ethnography Perceptions of the World in Pre Modern Societies author Kurt A. Raaflaub ... of geography. His works the Iliad and the Odyssey are works of literature, but both contain ... massive ocean. The works show that the Greeks by the 8th century BC had considerable knowledge of the geography ... also laid down many of the astronomical and mathematical rules that would allow geography to be studied ... initiated a different form of geography, avoiding the mathematical calculations of Thales and Anaximander ... are almost wholly fanciful. Herodotus also made important observations about geography. He is the first ... through quotations found in Strabo . Strabo s seventeen volume work of geography is almost completely extant, and is one of the most important sources of information on classical geography. Strabo accepted .... Pliny the Elder s Natural History Pliny Natural History also has sections on geography. For the most part Ancient Greek geography was an academic field. There is little evidence that maps or charts ... practical use of geography and maps. China Main Chinese geography See also History of cartography ... to the Chinese deity described in the History of geography China geographical chapter of the Classic ... onwards, as Chinese methods of documenting geography became more complex than found in Europe until ... Yang Guo Chi Historical Geography of Szechuan of 347 AD, not only rivers, trade routes, and various ... work to geography, as well as a hypothesis of land formation geomorphology due to the evidence ... more details
Orphan date October 2008 A geography fair is a creative approach to learning geography . Each student researches a geographic region, usually a country, and reports to the class using displays, written and oral reports, and other means. Geography fairs are similar to science fair s, except the topic is geographic instead of scientific. External links http www.geographyfair.com Geography Fair site http www.macalester.edu geography mage enrichment fair school fair.htm Minnesota Alliance for Geographic Education http www.massgeo.org Fair1.htm Southeast Massachusetts Geography Network Category Educational programs ... more details
History of geography sidebar notability date January 2011 incomplete date January 2011 Regional geography is the study of world regions. Attention is paid to unique characteristics of a particular region such as natural elements, human elements, and Regionalism politics regionalization which covers the techniques of delineating space into region s. Regional geography is also a certain approach to geographical study, comparable to quantitative revolution quantitative geography or critical geography . This approach prevailed during the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, a period when then regional geography paradigm was central within the geographical sciences. It was later criticised for its descriptiveness and the lack of theory. Strong criticism was leveled .... H. T. Kimble ref Kimble, G.H.T. 1951 The Inadequacy of the Regional Concept , London Essays in Geography ... 1953 Exceptionalism in Geography A Methodological Examination , Annals of the Association of American Geographers , vol. 43, pp. 226 245. ref The regional geography paradigm has had an impact on many other geographical sciences, including economic geography and geomorphology . Regional geography ... approach to the study of geography gained some credence in the mid 1990s through the work of geographers ... figures in regional geography were Alfred Hettner in Germany, with his concept of chorology Paul Vidal de la Blache in France, with the Possibilism geography possibilism approach possibilism being a softer ... with other scale spatial scale s. ref MacLeod, G. and Jones, M. 2001 Renewing The Geography of Regions , Environment and Planning D, 16 9 , pp. 669 695. ref See also Wikipedia Books Geography Chorography History of geography References reflist DEFAULTSORT Regional Geography Category Area studies Category History of geography Category Branches of geography Category Geography Category Regional geography ar ca Geografia regional cs Region ln geografie de L nderkunde es Geograf a ... more details
saved book title GEOGRAPHY subtitle cover image Nova totius terrarium orbis De Wit, Luyken, De Hooghe .jpg cover color GeographyGeography Outline of geography 3D city models Anatopism Atlantic World Bermuda National Grid Biogeography Bodden BOLTSS Boundary problem in spatial analysis Camarinal Sill Chevron land form City marketing Cross border town naming Cultural geography Digital orthophoto quadrangle Distance decay Earth Ecogovernmentality Economic restructuring Extreme environment Field geography Fundamental plane spherical coordinates Gazetteer Geo replication Geoarchaeology Geocriticism Geographic feature Geographic information science Geographic targeting Geographical clusters List of geographical societies Glaciogenic Reservoir Analogue Studies Project Glossary of geography terms Governmentality Hemispheres of the Earth Hermit kingdom Human ecology Incorporation of nature within a city Indices of deprivation 2004 Indices of deprivation 2007 Intermontane Kappa effect Land cover Landlocked developing countries Landscape connectivity Language geography Linear referencing Mainland Map Minimum bounding rectangle Motor Vehicle Use Map Muslim world Nunatak hypothesis Pan region Place identity Plantmaps Political ecology Population density Poquoson geographic term Poverty map Provisional Administrative Line Rank size distribution Region Regional geography Religion and geography Scroll plain Seerhein Small Island Developing States Solar equator Sotadic zone Spatial analysis Spatial justice Spatial mismatch Subregion Swath width Synekism Time geography Tobler s first law of geography Traditional knowledge GIS Transportation geography Triangulated irregular network Two step floating catchment area method Urban semiotics Vernacular geography ... more details
warns ref See also List of countries by GDP nominal Developmentgeography Measures of national income ...Geography and wealth have long been perceived as correlated attributes of nations. ref http www.arec.umd.edu people faculty jhorowitz Income Temp i.pdf The Income Temperature Relationship in a Cross Section of Countries and its Implications for Global Warming ref The continents along the equator , Africa and South America , are the poorest. Even within Africa and South America this effect can be seen, as the nations farthest from the equator are wealthier. In Africa the wealthiest nations are the three on the southern tip of the continent, South Africa , Botswana , and Namibia , and the countries of North Africa . Similarly in Latin America Argentina , Peru , Chile , and Uruguay have long been the wealthiest. Within Asia , Indonesia , located on the equator, is among the poorest. Within Central Asia, Kazakhstan is wealthier than other former Soviet Republics which border it to the south, like Uzbekistan. ref http www.imf.org external pubs ft weo 2006 02 data weorept.aspx?sy 2005&ey 2005 ... Development CID found in 2001 that only three tropical economies Hong Kong , Singapore , and part ... continent have had a built in advantage in terms of earlier development of farming, and a greater ... more able to fund technological development. He notes that the far north has not always been ... in Europe and Asia to the development of diseases that enabled these countries to conquer the inhabitants .... ref http econ www.mit.edu faculty download pdf.php?id 144 The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development ... 1055&context iber cider The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development An Investigation of the Settler ... Paso. Economic Geography Lecture 21 Sachs, Jeffrey D., Andrew D. Mellinger, and John L. Gallup. 2001. The Geography of Poverty and Wealth. Scientific American. March 2001. McNeill, William H. Plagues ... Geography And Wealth Category Economic geography Category Human geography ... more details
portal box Philosophy Science Geography Atlas Space Time unsourced date September 2011 Philosophy of geography is that subfield of philosophy which deals with epistemology epistemological , metaphysics metaphysical , and axiology axiological issues in geography . The Society for Philosophy and Geography was founded in 1997 by Andrew Light, a philosopher currently at George Mason University, and Jonathan Smith a geographer at Texas A&M University. Three volumes of an annual peer reviewed journal, Philosophy and Geography, were published by Rowman & Littlefield Press which later became a bi annual journal published by Carfax publishers. This journal merged with another journal started by geographers, Ethics, Place, and Environment, in 2005 to become Ethics, Place, and Environment A journal of philosophy and geography published by Routledge. The journal was edited by Light and Smith up to 2009. The journal publishes work by philosophers, geographers, and others in allied fields, on questions of space, place, and the environment broadly construed. The journal has been instrumental in expanding the scope of the field of environmental ethics to include work on urban environments. In 2009 Smith retired from the journal and Benjamin Hale from the University of Colorado came on as the new co editor. Hale and Light will relaunch the journal in January 2011 as Ethics, Policy, and Environment. http www.tandf.co.uk journals carfax 1366879X.html While the journal will now focus more on the relationship between environmental ethics and policy it still welcomes submissions on relevant work ... study of geographical knowledge. See also Philosophy of science Science History of geographyGeography External links http www.cep.unt.edu geosoc.html Society for Philosophy and Geography Philosophy topics Philosophy of science Geography topics Category Philosophy of science Geography Category Branches of geography Category Philosophy by field Category History of geography Philo stub fa ... more details
Cultural geography is a sub field within human geography . Cultural geography is the study of cultural ... The human mosaic a thematic introduction to cultural geography year 1994 publisher HarperCollinsCollegePublishers ... geography are very broad. Among many applicable topics within the field of study are Globalization ... Geography of Modern Western Male Attire journal Journal of Cultural Geography volume 22 ref ... for Britain A Cultural Geography of McDonald s UK journal Journal of Cultural Geography volume 22 ... of Ancestry Groups in San Antonio Journal of Cultural Geography ref Study of cultural landscape s. ref ... Geography ref ref Kuhlken, Robert 2002 Intensive Agricultural Landscapes of Oceania Journal of Cultural Geography ref Other topics include spirit of place , colonialism , postcolonialism post ... , cultural geography as academic study firstly emerged as an alternative to the environmental determinism ... pre determined regions based upon environmental classifications, cultural geography became interested ... geography , at the University of California, Berkeley . As a result, cultural geography was long ... qualitative research qualitative and descriptive and was surpassed in the 1930s by the regional geography of Richard Hartshorne , followed by the quantitative revolution . Cultural geography was generally .... In the 1970s, the critique of positivism in geography caused geographers to look beyond the quantitative geography for its ideas. One of these re assessed areas was also cultural geography. New cultural geography Since the 1980s, a new cultural geography has emerged, drawing on a diverse set of theoretical ... of study include Feminist geography Children s geographies Some parts of Tourism geography Behavioral geography Sexuality and space Some more recent developments in Political geography Some within the new cultural geography have turned their attention to critiquing some of its ideas, seeing its ..., non representational theory non representational geography and population mobility research have ... more details
human cultivation and development. Therefore, a large portion of Abkhazia nearly 70 of the territory ... snows and glaciers. Climate See also Abkhazia Geography and climate l1 Geography and climate ... the Black Sea. See also wikiatlas Abkhazia Geography of Asia Asia topic Climate of Geography of Europe Europe topic Climate of Category Geography of Abkhazia Category Geography of Georgia country ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Image ShuswapArms.png thumb right 350px Shuswap Lake in British Columbia with its three arms In geography , an arm is a narrow extension, inlet , or smaller reach geography reach , of water from a much larger body of water, like an ocean , sea , or lake . Although different geographically, a sound geography sound or bay may be called an arm. By extension, a canal arm is a subsidiary branch of a canal or inland waterway . See also River Channel geography Channel Indian Arm Alice Arm DEFAULTSORT Arm Geography Category Landforms Category Bodies of water Topography stub io Brakio geografio ... more details
italictitle for the study field Urban geography Urban Geography ISSN 0272 3638 is a Peer review peer reviewed academic journal that was first published in 1980. It appears semi quarterly and covers topics concerning urban policy and planning , Race classification of human beings race , poverty , ethnicity in urban areas , House housing , and provision of Public services services and urban economic activity . Urban Geography is published by Bellwether Publishing Ltd. and is available online. External links http www.bellpub.com ug Bellwether Publishing Urban Geography Category Geography journals Category Urban studies and planning magazines socialscience journal stub ... more details
94 , Wetlands See also Suriname Geography of South America South America topic Climate of Category Geography of Suriname es Geograf a de Surinam fr G ographie du Suriname nl Geografie van Suriname pl ... more details
Crisis in Geography 1950s crisis in geography , which raised serious questions about geography as an academic discipline in the United States. This sub branch of human geography is closely related .... Human geography DEFAULTSORT Historical Geography Category Human geography Category Historical geography ... more details
Refimprove date April 2008 Marxism Marxist geography is a strand of critical geography that uses the theories and philosophy of Marxism to examine the Spatial analysis spatial relations of human geography . In Marxist geography, the relations that geography has traditionally analyzed natural environment and spatial relations are reviewed as outcomes of the mode of material production. To understand geographical relations, on this view, the social structure must also be examined. Marxist geography attempts to change the basic structure of society. ref http eric.ed.gov ERICWebPortal custom portlets recordDetails detailmini.jsp? nfpb true& &ERICExtSearch SearchValue 0 EJ312759&ERICExtSearch SearchType 0 no&accno EJ312759 An Introduction to Marxist Geography. ref Philosophy and methodology Marxist geography is Radicalization radical in nature and its primary criticism of the positivist spatial science centered on the latter s methodologies, which failed to demonstrate or account for the mechanisms of capitalism and exploitation that underlie human spatial arrangements. As such, early Marxist geographers were explicitly political in advocating for social change and activism they sought, through ... in capitalist societies. ref Harvey, David. 1973. Social Justice and the City ref Marxist geography ... trail blazer of the Marxist movement in human geography. In order to accomplish such philosophical ... Marxist geography s emphasis on constraints of structure upon human agency has been criticized extensively ... by capitalism s structural mechanisms in Marxist analysis. By contrast, humanistic geography is a differing critical geography that concentrates on human will and autonomy in explaining geographical ... fold although humanistic geography is itself seen as lacking for failing to account for behavioural constraints imposed by social structures . Marxist geography is also subject to critiques of historical ... have responded in kind to these polemics. References reflist Human geography Category Human geography ... more details
Refimprove date May 2008 File DF ST 86 08080.JPEG thumb right 250px A landing in Egypt . Military geography is a sub field of geography that is used by, not only the military, but also academics and politicians to understand the geopolitical sphere through the militaristic lens. Following the Second World War , Military Geography has become the application of geographic tools, information, and techniques to solve military problems in peacetime or war. Citation needed date December 2008 To accomplish these ends, military geographers must consider diverse geographical topics from geopolitics to the physical locations influences on military operations and from the cultural to the economic impacts of a military presence. Military Geography is the most thought of tool for geopolitical control imposed upon territory. Without the framework that the military geographer provides, a commander s decision making process is cluttered with multiple inputs from environmental analysts, cultural analysts, and many others. Citation needed date December 2008 Without the military geographer to put all of the components together, a unit might know of the terrain, but not the drainage system below the surface ... of urban development. Citation needed date December 2008 cquote If a general desired to be a successful ... complex problems that urban development have given the military geographer, a term has been coined by Russian Colonel N.S. Olesik that can be applied to any military s geography unit responsible ... Geography? Engineer 20 1990 1 2. Klare, Michael T. The New Geography of Conflict. Foreign Affairs 80 2001 49 61. Olesik, Nikolai S. Military Geography and Urbanistics. Military Thought 15 2006 81 91. Rosenburgh, Bob. Training for Warfare. Soldiers 62 2007 34 36. Zakharenko, I. A. Military Geography ... Jacobson.ppt Human geography Category Human geography Category Military geography Category Political geography Link GA ar ar de Milit rgeographie hi hr Vojna geografija it Geografia ... more details
Possibilism in cultural geography is the theory that the environment sets certain constraints or limitations, but culture is otherwise determined by social conditions. In Cultural ecology Marshall Sahlins used this concept in order to develop alternative approaches to the environmental determinism dominant at that time in ecological studies. Theory by Strabo in 64 BC that we, humans, can make things happen by our own intelligence over time. Strabo cautioned against the assumption that nature and actions of humans were determined by the physical environment they inhabited. He observed that humans were the active elements in a human environmental partnership. The controversy between geographical possibilism and determinism might be considered as one of at least three dominant epistemologic controversies of contemporary geography. The other two controversies are 1 the debate between neopositivists and neokantians about the exceptionalism or the specificity of geography as a science and 2 the contention between Halford Mackinder Mackinder and Peter Kropotkin Kropotkin about what is or should be geography. ref Jos William Vesentini , http confins.revues.org document1162.html Controv rsias geogr ficas epistemologia e pol tica , Confins magazine Revue Franco Br silienne de G ographie ref Possibilism in geography is, thus, considered as a distinct approach to geographical knowledge, directly opposed to geographical determinism . External links http courses.washington.edu anth457 hist lec.htm University of Washington lecture http www.valpo.edu geomet histphil test vidal.html Valparaiso University on La Blache Sources references Category Cultural geography Category History of geography ja pt Possibilismo geografia ... more details
Refimprove date August 2011 See also Chinese geography multiple image align right direction vertical header Geography of China header align left right center header background footer footer align left ... . Physical geography China has been officially and conveniently divided into 5 homogeneous physical ... human geography Traditionally, the Chinese population centered around the Central Plain China Chinese ... geos us.html title CIA World Fact Book Geography Note publisher CIA accessdate 2008 03 25 , the United ... accessdate 2008 03 25 ref Physical geography Topography Generalities Image China topography ... agriculture , but are conducive to the development of forestry , mineral and hydropower resources .... Human geography History Image China Historic macro areas.svg left thumb 300px The Central ... position. Demographic geography Demography 10 15 sourced lines The demographic occupation follow the topography and availability of former arable lands. Economic geography Economy 10 15 sourced lines ... benefice for the recent development of Chinese s economy, and became the new economic center .... Administrative geography File China edcp location map.svg right 300px The Administrative divisions of the People s Republic of China Chinese administrative geography was draw mainly within the earlier ... erosion and economic development is occurring with resulting desertification . The size of the Gobi .... Wuhai , for example, is antipodal to Valdivia , Chile. See Geography of Chile Antipodes , Geography of Argentina Antipodes , and Geography of Paraguay Antipodes for details. See also Portal China Geography colbegin colwidth 30em Chinese geography History of human geography in China Environment ... in China Lakes in China North China Plain Geography of the People s Republic of China Geography of Hong Kong Geography of Macau Geographic information systems in China Zomia geography colend References Reflist External links Commons category Geography of China commons Maps of China Chinese Academy ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 The geography of Lapland covers the western parts of V sterbotten County and Norrbotten County in Sweden , and Lapland Finland Lapland Province in Finland . The Laponian area is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . NOTOC Northern Lapland within Norrbotten County National parks Abisko Muddus Padjelanta Pieljekaise Sarek National Park Sarek Stora Sj fallet Vadvetj kka Southern Lappland within V sterbotten County National parks Bj rnlandet Eastern Lappland within Lapland Province National parks Pyh Luosto National Park Lemmenjoki National Park Pallas Yll stunturi National Park Urho Kekkonen National Park See also Geography of V sterbotten Ostrobothnia region Geography of sterbotten Geography of Norrbotten province DEFAULTSORT Geography Of Lapland Category Lapland Norrbotten geo stub V sterbotten geo stub Lapland geo stub pt Geografia da Lap nia ... more details
Census&period 2006&areacode 105&geography &method Place of Usual Residence&productlabel &producttype ... of the CBD, and later urban development in the Inner West and Eastern Suburbs was served by trams ... of development changed after World War II , when increasing car ownership encouraged infill development ... s low density development are rooted in its history. Surrounded by land that was considered unowned ... larger plots on which to live. This was reinforced by Sydney s development as a predominantly ... new land on the city s outskirts for further development, this history has given Sydney a low density ... Sydney DEFAULTSORT Geography Of Sydney Category Geography of Sydney id Geografi Sydney ... more details
. The main communication and development line stretches southeast of Belgrade, towards Ni and Skopje ... km Nature monuments avolja Varo 0.64 km See also Geography of Europe Geography of Vojvodina ... english vos.htm Institute for the development of water resources Jaroslav erni Republic of Serbia Water Resources Development Master Plan http icpdr01.danubeday.org icpdr files 12877 Danube Facts and Figures Serbia Geography of Europe Danube Commons category Geography of Serbia DEFAULTSORT Geography Of Serbia Category Geography of Serbia be bg de Geographie ... more details
Image Population density.png thumb 300px Map of world population density as of 1994. Unreferenced date October 2009 Population geography is a division of human geography . It is the study of the ways in which spatial variations in the distribution, composition, migration, and growth of populations are related to the nature of places. Population geography involves demography in a geographical perspective. It focuses on the characteristics of population distributions that change in a spatial context. Examples can be shown through population density maps. A few types of maps that show the spatial layout of population are choropleth , isoline , and dot maps. Population geography studies Demographic phenomena natality, mortality, growth rates, etc through both space and time Increase or decrease in population numbers The movements and mobility of populations Occupational Structure The way in which places in turn react to population phenomena e.g. immigration Research topics of other geographic sub disciplines, such as settlement geography , have also a population geographic dimension Grouping of people in settlements The way from the geographical character of places e.g. settlement patterns All of the above are looked at over space and time. Notes Reflist N.B. The boundary between population geography and demography is becoming more and more blurred. Human geography DEFAULTSORT Population Geography Category Demography Category Human geography Category Population Geo term stub ar ca Geografia de la poblaci de Bev lkerungsgeografie et Rahvastikugeograafia es Geograf a de la poblaci n fr G ographie de la population hr Populacijska geografija ka nl Bevolkingsgeografie ja pl Geografia ludno ci pt Geografia populacional si sr sh Populacijska geografija fi V est maantiede uk zh ... more details
Time geography or time space geography traces its roots back to the Swedish geographer Torsten H gerstrand who stressed the temporal factor in spatial human activities. The time space path , devised by H gerstrand, shows the movement of an individual in the spatial temporal environment with the constraints placed on the individual by these two factors. Three categories of constraints were identified by H gerstrand ref name h gerstrand H gerstrand, Torsten 1953 . Innovationsf rloppet ur korologisk synpunkt, C.W.K Gleerup, Lund, Sweden. Translated as Innovation Diffusion As a Spatial Process, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1967 ref Time geography is that branch of human science which deals with the study of temporal factor on spatial human activities with constraints like authority, capability and coupling. Authority limits of accessibility to some places or domains placed on individuals by owners or authorities Capability limitations on the movement of individuals, based on their nature. For example, movement is restricted by biological factors, such as the need for food, drink, and sleep Coupling restraint of an individual, anchoring him or her to a location while interacting with other individuals to complete a task The methods associated with time geography have been criticized by a number of postmodern and feminist geography feminist geographers ref name rose Rose, Gillian 1993 Feminism and Geography The Limits of Geographical Knowledge Univ. of Minnesota Press ref . References reflist Human geography Category Geography T Category Historical geography T geo term stub bs Vremenska geografija de Zeitgeographie fr Espace temps g ographie hr Vremenska geografija hu Id f ldrajz ms Geografi masa nl Tijdgeografie pt Geografia temporal sv Tidsgeografi zh ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
