Distinguish Diaspore botany Diaspora Infobox mineral name Diaspore category Oxide mineral image Mineraly.sk diaspor.jpg caption Diaspore from Slovakia formula AlO OH strunz 04.FD.10 dana symmetry Orthorhombic 2 m 2 m 2 m unit cell a 4.4007 6 ngstrom , b 9.4253 13 , c 2.8452 3 Z 4 molweight colour White, pale gray, colorless, greenish gray, brown, pale yellow, pink, lilac may exhibit color change colour habit Platey, elongated to acicular crystals also stalactitic, foliated, scaly, disseminated and massive system Orthorhombic dipyramidal twinning Forms heart shaped twins on 021 or pseudohexagonal aggregates cleavage 010 perfect, 110 distinct, 100 in traces fracture Conchoidal tenacity Very brittle mohs 6.5 7 luster Adamantine, vitreous, pearly on cleavage faces streak diaphaneity Transparent to translucent gravity 3.2 3.5 density polish opticalprop Biaxial refractive n sub sub 1.682 1.706 n sub sub 1.705 1.725 n sub sub 1.730 1.752 birefringence 0.048 pleochroism Strong 2V Measured 84 to 86 , Calculated 80 to 84 dispersion r v, weak extinction length fast slow fluorescence absorption melt fusibility Infusible diagnostic solubility Insoluble other Decrepitates releasing water in closed tube on heating alteration references ref name Handbook http rruff.geo.arizona.edu ..., Wiley, 1985, 20th ed. p.318 ISBN 0 471 80580 7 ref Diaspore is a native aluminium oxide hydroxide ..., breaking up into white pearly scales. File Diaspore md58a.jpg thumb left Twinned crystal of diaspore ... importance as a source of aluminium. Diaspore along with gibbsite and boehmite are the major ... name Mindat Other names for diaspore include empholite, kayserite, tanatarite and spelling variations of these. Zultanite is a gem quality form of diaspore from Turkey . ref http www.mindat.org min 35402.html ... wstitle Diaspore 1911 Category Aluminium minerals Category Hydroxide minerals Category Orthorhombic minerals cs Diaspor de Diaspor es Di sporo fr Diaspore min ral it Diasporo nl Diaspoor ja ... more details
distinguish Diaspore mineral Diaspora wiktionary diaspore disseminule In botany, a diaspore is a plant dispersal unit consisting of a seed or spore plus any additional tissues that assist dispersal. In some seed plants , the diaspore is a seed and fruit together, or a seed and elaiosome . In a few seed plants, the diaspore is most or all of the plant, known as a tumbleweed . Diaspores are common in weed y and ruderal species . Collectively, diaspores, seeds, and spores that have been modified for migration are disseminules. Role in dispersal A diaspore of seed plus elaiosome is a common adaptation to seed dispersal by ants myrmecochory . This is most notable in Australia n and South Africa n sclerophyll plant communities. ref cite journal doi 10.2307 1940677 title Effect of Diaspore Characteristics on Removal of Seeds Adapted for Dispersal by Ants author Lesley Hughes and Mark Westoby jstor 1940677 year 1992 journal Ecology volume 73 issue 4 pages 1300 1312 ref Typically, ants carry the diaspore to their nest, where they may eat the elaiosome and discard the seed, and the seed may subsequently germination germinate . File A Taraxacum Ruderalia dandelion clock.jpg thumb Achenes of a dandelion Taraxacum A diaspore of seed s plus fruit is common in plants dispersed by frugivore s. Fruit eating bats typically carry the diaspore to a favorite perch, where they eat the fruit and discard the seed. Fruit eating birds typically swallow small seeds but, like bats, may carry larger seeded fruits to a perch where they eat the fruit and discard the seed. Diaspores such as achene s and Samara fruit samara e are dispersed primarily by wind samaras are dispersed also by sailing or tumbling ... alone, often a diaspore. ref name Gibson2009 Cite book last Gibson first David J. year 2009 title ... Although in some species the diaspore is a foxtail diaspore foxtail , in a few the tumble grasses it is like a tumbleweed. See also Foxtail diaspore Lichen Propagule Seedbank Soil seed bank Sporogenesis ... more details
Wiktionarypar diaspora Diaspora is the dispersion of a population from their native land. Diaspora may also refer to Any particular diaspora. See List of diasporas Diaspora politics Diaspora politics in the United States Diaspora studies Diaspora novel Diaspora novel , a science fiction book by Greg Egan Diaspora social network , a distributed social network Diaspora software , an open source program designed to create social networks Diaspora album Diaspora album , an album by Natacha Atlas Diaspora computer game , a massively multiplayer online roleplaying game MMORPG Prayer of the Refugee originally called Diaspora , a single from the album The Sufferer & The Witness by the punk band Rise Against the original title was used on early copies of the album See also Diaspore botany Diaspore mineral Exodus disambiguation disambig el it Diaspora disambigua pt Di spora desambigua o ru Diaspora sk Diasp ra idia fi Diaspora t smennyssivu tr Diaspora anlam ayr m uk ... more details
are achenes with large wing like structures. Image Pulsatilla alpina fruit.JPG The diaspore botany diaspore of Pulsatilla family Ranunculaceae disperses in the wind, either as single achenes or as the entire ... more details
A foxtail or fox tail can mean the tail of a fox , or Plants Foxtail diaspore , the dry spikelet or spikelet cluster of some grasses Alopecurus foxtail grasses the scientific name literally means fox tail Bromus madritensis foxtail brome Hordeum jubatum Foxtail Barley Setaria foxtail millets Acalypha hispida Chenille Plant Lycopodium clavatum Foxtail Clubmoss Wodyetia bifurcata Foxtail Palm Other A type of woven jewellery chain made of three sets of interconnecting links. A decorative wiktionary decoration ornament commonly flown from the tip of automobile Antenna radio radio aerials , popular in the 1950s and 1960s. The trademark ed name for a toy consisting of a rope tied to a ball, allowing it to be thrown like a sling weapon sling . This toy name should not be confused with flying fox cablecar flying fox , which is an Australian English toy cablecar similar to a zip line also aerial runway . A type of hips ornament, worn on one side of the belt, held by a keychain. disambig ... more details
. It occurs with kaolinite , gibbsite and diaspore in bauxite deposits and with nepheline, gibbsite, diaspore, natrolite and analcime in nepheline pegmatite s. ref name Handbook It was first ... more details
wiktionary spore A spore is a biological reproductive mechanism. Spore may also refer to TOCRight Video games Spore 2008 video game Spore 2008 video game , a video game by Maxis Spore 1987 video game Spore 1987 video game , a game for the Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum Spore 1991 video game Spore 1991 video game , a video game for MS DOS Music The Spore , a 2005 album by Opiate for the Masses Spore band , an American rock band Other uses Security Protocols Open Repository Spore, West Pomeranian Voivodeship , a village in Poland Galaxy of Fear Spore , a book by John Whitman See also Diaspore botany , a plant disseminule Endospore s, a bacterial, non reproductive survival mechanism Spore like cells , a specific class of stem cells Spore print , a diagnostic character for identifying mushrooms Resting spore , created by fungi Gaia spore , a subset of the Gaia hypothesis Milky spore , a bacterium of the white grubs of Japanese beetles Singapore disambig da Spore de Spore Begriffskl rung fr Spore homonymie he no Spore pl Spore th ... more details
File Spigelia genuflexa geocarpy.jpg thumb upright 1.2 Geocarpy in Spigelia genuflexa Geocarpy is the production by plant s of Diaspore botany diaspores within the soil . ref name Oudtshoorn cite book author Karen Van Rheede van Oudtshoorn & Margaretha W. Van Rooyen year 1999 title Dispersal Biology of Desert Plants publisher Springer Science Business Media Springer isbn 978 3 540 64886 4 chapter Geocarpy pages 117 118 url http books.google.co.uk books?id bdTfBfsl DcC&pg PA117 ref This may occur with subterranean flowers protogeocarpy , or from aerial flowers, which penetrate the soil after flowering hysterocarpy . It has evolution evolved as an effective means of ensuring a suitable environment for the plant s offspring. ref name Oudtshoorn It is most frequent in tropics tropical or semi desert areas. ref name Oudtshoorn Geocarpy occurs in Araceae , Begoniaceae , Callitrichaceae , Convolvulaceae , Curcurbitaceae , Fabaceae Leguminosae , Loganiaceae , Moraceae and Rubiaceae . ref name Oudtshoorn ref name Popovkin cite journal author Alex V. Popovkin, Katherine G. Mathews, Jos Carlos Mendes Santos, M. Carmen Molina & Lena Struwe year 2011 title Spigelia genuflexa Loganiaceae , a new geocarpic species from the Atlantic forest of northeastern Bahia, Brazil journal PhytoKeys volume 6 pages 47 65 doi 10.3897 phytokeys.6.1654 ref The best known example is the peanut , Arachis hypogaea . References reflist 32em Category Botany Ecology stub ... more details
Chembox Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 446808304 IUPACName Aluminium hydroxide oxide SystematicName Hydroxidooxidoaluminium ref Cite web title Hydroxidooxidoaluminium CHEBI 30188 url https www.ebi.ac.uk chebi searchId.do?chebiId 30188 work Chemical Entities of Biological Interest ChEBI location UK publisher European Bioinformatics Institute ref additive OtherNames Metaaluminic acid Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 24623 77 6 CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS PubChem 32524 PubChem Ref Pubchemcite correct pubchem ChemSpiderID 30148 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider EINECS 246 368 8 ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI 30188 Gmelin 463741 SMILES O Al O StdInChI 1S Al.H2O.O h 1H2 q 1 p 1 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey FAHBNUUHRFUEAI UHFFFAOYSA M StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider Section2 Chembox Properties H 1 Al 1 O 2 ExactMass 59.979192717 g mol sup 1 sup Aluminium hydroxide oxide or aluminium oxyhydroxide , AlO OH is found as one of two well defined crystalline phases, which are also known as the mineral s boehmite and diaspore . The minerals are important constituents of the aluminium ore , bauxite . List of related compounds and minerals The aluminium oxides, oxide hydroxides, and hydroxides can be summarized as follows aluminium oxide s corundum Al sub 2 sub O sub 3 sub aluminium oxide hydroxides diaspore AlO OH boehmite or b hmite AlO OH akdalaite 5Al sub 2 sub O sub 3 sub H sub 2 sub O once believed to be 4Al sub 2 sub O sub 3 sub H sub 2 sub O , also called tohdite aluminium hydroxide s gibbsite often designated as Al OH sub 3 sub , but sometimes as Al OH sub 3 sub ref N.N. Greenwood and A. Earnshaw, Chemistry of Elements , 2nd edition, Butterworth and Heinemann, 1997. ref , sometimes called hydrargillite or hydrargyllite bayerite designated often as Al OH sub 3 sub but sometimes as Al OH sub 3 sub doyleite nordstrandite References Reflist Category Aluminium compounds inorganic compound stub ... more details
taxobox image image caption regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots ordo Proteales familia Proteaceae subtribe Virotiinae genus Virotia genus authority L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs subdivision ranks Species subdivision See text. Virotia is a genus of six species of flowering plant s in the family Proteaceae . The genus is endemic to New Caledonia . ref name Mast cite journal author Austin Mast Mast, A. et al. year 2008 title A smaller Macadamia from a more vagile tribe inference of phylogenetic relationships, divergence times, and diaspore evolution in Macadamia and relatives tribe Macadamieae Proteaceae journal American Journal of Botany volume 95 issue 7 pages 843 870 doi 10.3732 ajb.0700006 ref ref name Endemia cite web title Genre Virotia L.Johnson & B.Briggs url http www.endemia.nc plante fiche.php?code 2583 work End m a Faune & Flore de Nouvelle Cal donie accessdate 2010 01 21 ref The species, all previously included in the genus Macadamia , are as follows ref name Mast Virotia angustifolia small Robert Virot Virot P. H. Weston & A. R. Mast small basionym Macadamia angustifolia small Robert Virot Virot small Virotia francii small Andr Guillaumin Guillaumin P. H. Weston & A. R. Mast small basionym Roupala francii small Andr Guillaumin Guillaumin small Virotia leptophylla small Andr Guillaumin Guillaumin L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs small Macadamia neurophylla Virotia neurophylla small Andr Guillaumin Guillaumin P. H. Weston & A. R. Mast small basionym Kermadecia neurophylla small Andr Guillaumin Guillaumin small Virotia rousselii small Vieill. small P. H. Weston & A. R. Mast small basionym Roupala rousselii small Vieill small Virotia vieillardi small Brongn. & Gris P. H. Weston & A. R. Mast small basionym Roupala vieillardii small Brongn.&Gris small References Reflist Category Proteaceae genera Category Flora of New Caledonia ... more details
NOTOC Drift seeds also sea beans and drift fruits are seeds and fruits adapted for long distance seed dispersal dispersal by water. Most are produced by tropical trees, and they can be found on distant beaches after drifting thousands of miles through ocean current s. Consequently, drift seeds and fruits are of interest to scientists who study these currents. In botanical terminology, a drift fruit is a kind of diaspore botany diaspore , and drift seeds and fruits are disseminules. Sources of drift seeds Image Drift seeds, Mozambique.jpg thumb right 300px Drift seeds of three legume species found at Kanda on the southern Mozambique coast in May 2004 br 1. Snuff Box Sea Bean Entada rheedii br 2. Grey nickernut Caesalpinia bonduc br 3. a,b Colour forms of Mucuna Ox eye bean s Mucuna gigantea Caesalpinia bonduc Nickernut Grey Nickernut Caesalpinia major Yellow Nickernut Carapa Carapa guianensis guianensis Crabwood New World tropics Entada gigas Seaheart, New World tropics Entada rheedii Snuff Box Sea Bean, from the tropics of the Indian Ocean Erythrina fusca Bucayo Pantropical ref name CoralBean cite journal url http www.seabean.com newsletters vol07 1.pdf title Notes On The Ocean Dispersal of Coral Beans first Wayne P. last Armstrong journal The Drifting Seed month May year 2001 volume 7 issue 1 pages 5 6 ref Erythrina variegata Tiger Claw Old World tropics ref name CoralBean Mucuna spp. Ox eye Bean, Hamburger Seed, Deer eye Bean Ormosia spp. Horse eye Bean, from the tropics Terminalia catappa Tropical Almond, from the tropics of Asia ref name Geographic cite journal first J. last Ackerman year 2000 month October title New Eyes on the Oceans journal National Geographic Magazine pages 112 113 ref Sources of drift fruits Barringtonia asiatica Box Fruit, from Polynesia Coconut Cocos nucifera Coconut, from the tropics Grias cauliflora Anchovy pear, from the tropics of the New World Heritiera littoralis Puzzle Fruit, from Southeast Asia Coco de Mer Lodoicea maldivia Coco d ... more details
Infobox mineral name Zunyite category Sorosilicate s boxwidth boxbgcolor image Zunyite 199876.jpg imagesize caption Sharp, pyramids of brown red zunyite from Silver City, Utah Silver City , Tintic District, East Tintic Mountains , Juab County, Utah , USA size 5.5 x 5 x 3.5 cm formula Al sub 13 sub Si sub 5 sub O sub 20 sub OH,F sub 18 sub Cl strunz 9.BJ.55 symmetry Isometric, overline 4 3m unit cell a 13.8654 13.8882 ngstrom Z 4 molweight color Grayish white, flesh red colorless in thin section habit Crystalline occurs as well formed fine sized crystals system Cubic crystal system Isometric Hextetrahedral twinning On 111 , contact and penetration cleavage Good on 111 fracture Uneven tenacity Brittle mohs 7 luster Vitreous refractive n 1.592 1.600 opticalprop Isotropic birefringence pleochroism streak White gravity 2.874 5 meas. 2.87 2.90 calc. density melt fusibility diagnostic solubility diaphaneity Transparent to translucent with inclusions other May fluoresce red under UV references ref name Handbook http rruff.geo.arizona.edu doclib hom zunyite.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy ref ref name Mindat http www.mindat.org min 4433.html Mindat.org ref ref name Webmin http www.webmineral.com data Zunyite.shtml Web Mineral ref Zunyite is a silicate minerals sorosilicate mineral , aluminum Al sub 13 sub silicon Si sub 5 sub oxygen O sub 20 sub O hydrogen H , fluorine F sub 18 sub chlorine Cl , composed of aluminium , silicon , hydrogen , chlorine , oxygen , and fluorine . Occurrence File Zunyite Quartz 62278.jpg thumb left Glassy, translucent, gray tan, pseudohexagonal zunyite crystals on a milky quartz matrix. From the Big Bertha Mine, Dome Rock Mountains , La Paz County, Arizona size 3.3 x 3.2 x 2.8 cm Zunyite occurs in highly aluminous shale s and hydrothermal ly altered volcanic rock s. It occurs in association with pyrophyllite , kaolinite , alunite , diaspore , rutile , pyrite , hematite and quartz . ref name Handbook It was discovered in 1884, and named for ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Anemone virginiana status image VirginiaAnemoneLow.jpg image width image caption regnum Plant ae divisio Flowering plant Magnoliophyta classis Magnoliopsida ordo Ranunculales familia Ranunculaceae genus Anemone species A. virginiana binomial Anemone virginiana binomial authority Carl Linnaeus L. Anemone virginiana is an upright growing herbaceous plant species in the genus Anemone and family Ranunculaceae . Plants grow 30 to 80 cm 11 to 31.5 tall, flowering early summer but often found flowering till late summer, the flowers are white or greenish white. After flowering the fruits are produced in a dense rounded thimble shaped spikes 15 to 35 mm 0.6 to 1.4 long and 12 mm 0.47 wide. When the fruits, called achenes, are ripe they have gray white colored, densely woolly styles, that allow them to blow away in the wind. Native from Eastern North America. Were it is found growing in dry or open woods. ref cite book last first Flora of North America Editorial Committee title Flora of North America Vol 3, Magnoliophyta Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae publisher Oxford University Press date 1997 pages 139 158 isbn 019511246 6 ref Common name s include tall anemone , thimble weed ref name BrittonBrown1913 cite book title An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions From Newfoundland to the Parallel of the Southern Boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean Westward to the 102d Meridian author Nathaniel Lord Britton, Addison Brown publisher C. Scribner s sons year 1913 volume 2 url http books.google.com books?id RZUCAAAAYAAJ page 99 ref and tumble weed . ref name BrittonBrown1913 Note that several other plant species are known as Thimbleweed . Although this plant sometimes is called a tumbleweed, it lacks the characteristic tumbleweed tumbleweed habit . The fruit resembles a tumbleweed in that it is wind dispersed and tumbles, an unusual mechanism of seed dispersal see Diaspore botany . References Reflist Co ... more details
Multiple issues context August 2009 refimprove August 2009 orphan December 2010 Infobox protected area name Muan Tideland alt name iucn category IV photo photo alt photo caption photo width map South Korea map alt map caption Location within South Korea map width location Jeollanam do , South Korea nearest city Muan lat d 35.076 long d 126.375 coords ref ref Cite web url http protectedplanet.net sites Muan Coastal Wetland Protection Area title Muan Tidal Flat Wetland Protected Area Tidal Flat work protectedplanet.net ref region KR 46 area convert 35.6 km2 abbr on established visitation num visitation year governing body world heritage site url Muan Tideland is a tideland of convert 35.6 km2 abbr on located in Muan Hyunkyungmeon, South Korea . Among many tidelands, Muan Tideland is first to be designated as provincial park. It is a wetland designated as Ramsar Convention Ramsar wetland and as a wetland protected area. Current status Hampyong Gulf, where Muan tideland is located, has a narrow mouth and a large inner part. The length of the gulf is convert 17 km , its width convert 1.8 km , and its area is convert 344 km2 abbr on . Due to effects of sand dunes and naturally eroded soils, Muan tideland consists of special geological features. At the edge of the tideland is an alluvial bed and well developed sea cliff. Muan tideland is a place where diverse ecology can be seen. With its shallow water and complicated coastline, Muan is a perfect place for many species to prosper. With many sea organisms, Muan is a tideland ecology sightseeing resort. Muan tideland was designated as Ramsar Convention wetland in January 2008. Organisms in Muan Plants Zoysiagrass Zoysia sinica Foxtail diaspore Setaria viridis Wild oat Avena fatua Curled Dock Rumex crispus Sea blite Suaeda asparagoides 12 other halophytes and 79 inner water living species Birds Eastern curlew Numenius madagascariensis Long billed Plover Charadrius placidus References Reflist Category Ramsar sites in South Kor ... more details
Infobox mineral name Amesite category Serpentine Phyllosilicates boxwidth boxbgcolor image imagesize caption formula Mg sub 2 sub Al sub 2 sub SiO sub 5 sub OH sub 4 sub symmetry Triclinic 1 pedial unit cell a 5.307 1 , b 9.195 2 , c 14.068 3 90.09 2 , 90.25 2 , 89.96 2 Z 4 molweight color White, colorless, pink to lilac, pale green habit Crystals form as platy to tapering elongated pseudohexagonal prisms system Triclinic twinning Common as six fold sector twins on 001 and polysynthetic twins parallel to 010 cleavage Perfect on 001 fracture tenacity Brittle hardness 2.5 3 luster Pearly refractive n sub sub 1.597 n sub sub 1.599 n sub sub 1.615 opticalprop Biaxial birefringence 0.018 pleochroism streak White with pale green tint gravity 2.77 density melt fusibility diagnostic solubility diaphaneity Transparent to translucent other Kaolinite Serpentine group references ref name HBM http rruff.geo.arizona.edu doclib hom amesite.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy ref ref name Mindat http www.mindat.org min 197.html Mindat.org ref ref name Webmin http webmineral.com data Amesite.shtml Webmineral data ref Amesite is a mineral with general formula of Mg sub 2 sub Al sub 2 sub SiO sub 5 sub OH sub 4 sub . ref name Mindat Amesite crystallizes in the triclinic crystal system . ref Roberts, W.L. 1974 Encyclopedia of Minerals, p. 18. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, New York. ref It contains three axes of unequal length, not at right angles. It was first described in 1876 for an occurrence in the Chester Emery Mines, Chester, Hampden County, Massachusetts . It was named for mine owner James Ames. ref name Webmin ref name Mindat It occurs in an environment of low grade metamorphism affecting rocks with high aluminium and magnesium content. It occurs associated with vesuvianite , Chlorite group chlorite , magnetite , rutile , diaspore , grossular , calcite , diopside and clinozoisite in various locations. ref name HBM Amesite is an uncommon silicate mineral whic ... more details
Image 2005bauxite.png thumb right Bauxite output in 2005 Bauxite is the most important aluminium ore . This form of rock consists mostly of the mineral s gibbsite Al OH sub 3 sub , boehmite AlO OH , and diaspore AlO OH , in a mixture with the two iron oxides goethite and hematite , the clay mineral kaolinite , and small amounts of anatase TiO sub 2 sub . Bauxite was named after the village Les Baux de Provence Les Baux in southern France , where it was first recognised as containing aluminium and named by the French geologist Pierre Berthier in 1821. List of producing countries This is a list of countries by bauxite bauxite production in 2007 mostly based on http www.bgs.ac.uk mineralsuk statistics downloads WMP2003 2007 eBook flash.html 14 British Geological Survey accessed in September 2010. class wikitable sortable bgcolor ececec Rank Country Region Bauxite tonnes noflag World align left 213,000,000 1 flagicon Australia Australia align left 62,428,000 2 flagicon Brazil Brazil align left 25,460,700 3 flagicon India India align left 22,999,000 4 flagicon China Peoples Republic of China China align left 21,600,000 4 flagicon Guinea Guinea align left 18,519,010 5 flagicon Indonesia Indonesia align left 16,000,000 6 flagicon Jamaica Jamaica align left 14,567,738 8 flagicon Russia Russia align left 6,053,900 9 flagicon Suriname Suriname align left 5,273,195 10 flagicon Venezuela Venezuela align left 5,000,000 11 flagicon Kazakhstan Kazakhstan align left 4,962,600 12 flagicon Guyana Guyana align left 2,248,928 13 flagicon Greece Greece align left 2,220,000 14 flagicon Sierra Leone Sierra Leone align left 1,169,036 15 flagicon Ghana Ghana align left 1,033,368 16 flagicon Turkey Turkey align left 863,404 17 flagicon Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina align left 800,546 18 flagicon Montenegro Montenegro align left 667,053 19 flagicon Hungary Hungary align left 515,061 20 flagicon Iran Iran align left 500,000 21 flagicon France France align left 160,000 22 fl ... more details
nofootnotes date July 2011 The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia 1979 . It might be outdated or ideologically biased. Mediterranean Bauxite Province a major region of high quality bauxite ore s that stretches for 3,000 km along the northern shore of the Mediterranean Sea from Spain to Turkey , encompassing parts of southern France , Italy , Yugoslavia , and Greece . The province covers an area of about 2 million sq km. Extent and Age The Mediterranean bauxite region, part of the Alpide geosynclinal belt of bauxite formation, includes geosynclinal depressions and the peripheral parts of platforms and median masses. The bauxites date from the Middle Triassic to the Neogene , although most of the deposits were formed during the Cretaceous. Deposits The largest bauxite deposits are located in Greece Parnassus Giona region , Yugoslavia Niksic, Vlasenica, Obrovac, Drni , Mostar , Hungary G nt, Halimba, Iszkaszentgy rgy, Nyir d, Harsan , and France Brignoles and elsewhere . The first bauxite ore was discovered in 1821 around Les Baux in southern France, from which the ore received its name. The major deposits were found in the 19th century. Types of deposits Bauxites of the Mediterranean province generally overlie the karstic surfaces of limestone s or dolomite s. The deposits form pockets, lenses, chains of pockets or lenses, and sometimes extended sheets. The bauxite sheets tend to slope, either gently or steeply only on the Hungarian Massif do the sheets lie almost horizontally. The sheets that are currently being mined range in thickness from 1 m to 8 m. Chemical composition The ores have a chemical composition of 45 55 percent A12O3, 2 10 percent SiO2, 15 23 percent Fe2O3, and 2 3 percent TiO2. Losses during calcination range from 12 to 20 percent. Gibbsite boehmite ores predominate, although diaspore and gibbsite are also encountered. The ores are derived from deposits of the geosynclinal or Mediterranean type. Most scientists regard the bauxite ... more details
infobox mineral name Groutite boxwidth boxbgcolor image Groutite 114104.jpg imagesize alt caption Groutite from the Black Water Mine, Black Mesa Basin, Apache County, Arizona, USA category Oxide mineral formula Mn sup 3 sup O OH strunz 4.FD.10 dana symmetry Orthorhombic dipyramidal br H M symbol 2 m 2 m 2 m br Space group Pbnm unit cell a 4.56 , b 10.7 , c 2.87 Z 4 molweight color Jet black colour habit Wedge or lens shaped crystals acicular, striated prisms system Orthorhombic twinning Reported, unknown law cleavage Perfect on 010 less perfect on 100 fracture Uneven tenacity Brittle mohs 3.5 4.0 luster Brilliant submetallic to adamantine streak Dark brown diaphaneity Opaque gravity 4.144 density polish opticalprop Biaxial refractive n sub sub 2.100 2.200 n sub sub 2.100 birefringence pleochroism Very strong X very dark brown to black Y yellowish brown 2V Measured 40 to 50 dispersion extinction length fast slow fluorescence absorption melt fusibility diagnostic solubility impurities alteration other prop1 references ref name HBM http rruff.geo.arizona.edu doclib hom groutite.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy Groutite ref ref name Mindat http www.mindat.org min 1756.html Groutite on Mindat.org ref ref name Webmin http www.webmineral.com data Groutite.shtml Groutite on Webmineral ref Groutite is a manganese oxide mineral with formula Mn sup 3 sup O OH . It is a member of the diaspore group and is Polymorphism materials science trimorphous with manganite and feitknechtite . It forms lustrous black crystals in the orthorhombic system . File Groutite 215145.jpg thumb upright left Cluster of groutite crystals with kaolinite filling half of a vug in a manganese nodule size 3.5 x 3 cm from the Emilie Mine, Peine , Lower Saxony , Germany It occurs in weathered banded iron formation s, Metamorphism metamorphosed manganese ore bodies and hydrothermal ore environments. ref name HBM It was first described in 1945 for an occurrence in the Mahnomen mine, Cuyuna Range , Crow Wing ... more details
Multiple issues cleanup January 2009 orphan February 2009 BLP sources December 2010 Leon Qafzezi born 23 February 1953 in Tirana , the capital of Albania . Writer Cineaste File Leonqafzezi.jpg thumb Leonqafzezi.jpg He lives and work in Albania,son of Niko and Amalia Qafzezi Zheji .Studied at the Hight Arte Institut in Tirana 1974 1976 . Since 1986 he has worked as producer,director,inspector of film, for the New Albania Film Studio and Alb Film Distribution . He works as a Freelancer freelance journalist in Bashkimi for the Tirana newspaper Skena dhe Ekrani and for Ylli magazine in film critic field. In 1992 he co founded FILM magazine together with Piro Milkani and Vasil Tabaku, and is Editing chief editor of the magazine. Head of Council Independent Trade Union of AlbFilm Distribution 1990 1992 He is head of Eagle Film Albania Video private cinematography society. Until 1993 1998 he worked for Albania Television in the Department of Film, Department of Programming as duty director, operator and journalist. From 1998 2008 he worked as an independent director and writer in numerous documentary film s. He is a member of the Albanian League of Writers and Artists , from 1997 of the Union of Albanian Cineast , since 2000 of the Federation of Journalists . Documentary Filmography 1974 Don t forget my son screenplays National competition 1990 Directors 90 screenplays 1992 Headache without head Director co screenplays 1993 Man of Free words Director screenplays 1993 In film way Director screenplays 1993 The light of city Director screenplays 1994 Poet and Incuisition Director screenplays 1994 Nation,Religion.Country Director 1994 One painter in New York Director 1994 Join in diaspore Director co operator 1995 Children s dreams Director screenplays producer 1995 Courage in cinematography Director screenplays 1996 Ismail Kadare and Sabato Screenplays operator 1996 One painter in Paris Screenplays operator 1996 Omer Kaleshi Screenplays operator 1996 Paris Paris Director oper ... more details
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