Image Two red dice 01.svg 190px right Diceware is a method for creating passphrase s, password s, and other cryptographic variables using an ordinary die from a pair of dice as a hardware random number generator . For each word in the passphrase, five rolls of the die are required. The numbers from 1 to 6 that come up in the rolls are assembled as a five digit number, e.g. 43146. That number is then used to look up a word in a word list. In the http world.std.com reinhold diceware.wordlist.asc English list 43146 corresponds to munch. Lists have been compiled for several languages, including English language English , Finnish language Finnish , German language German , Italian language Italian , Polish language Polish , Russian language Russian , Spanish language Spanish and Swedish language Swedish . A Diceware word list is any list of math 6 5 7,776 math unique words, preferably ones the user will find easy to spell and to remember. The contents of the word list do not have to be protected or concealed in any way, as the security of a Diceware passphrase is in the number of words selected, and the number of words each selected word could be taken from. The level of unpredictability of a Diceware passphrase can be easily calculated each word adds 12.9 bit s of Entropy information theory entropy to the passphrase that is, math log 2 6 5 math bits . Five words slightly over 64 bits ... knows both that Diceware has been used to generate the passphrase, the particular word list used, and exactly ... be greater than 12.9 bits per word. Diceware passphrases can be difficult to remember and some may ... handled this way, if the user is careful to avoid guessable phrases. If the length of Diceware passphrases ... http world.std.com reinhold diceware.html English diceware page has the complete description and a word ... Diceware for Android Category Password authentication Category Dice Category Randomness de Diceware it Diceware ... more details
wiktionary dice Dice are a polyhedral objects used in games for generating random numbers. List of dice games Dice , DICE , or dicing may also refer to Dice Living , a way of life depicted in the novel The Dice Man by Luke Rhinehart DICE compiler , a C compiler for Amiga written by computer scientist Matt Dillon DICE, a computer model of climate change D.I.C.E. Summit , an annual gathering of executives from the videogame industry EA Digital Illusions CE EA DICE , a Swedish computer game developer Dicing , a method of preparing food chopping it into small cubes or dice Defense Independent Component ERA , a baseball statistic Diceware , a method used for generating security phrases Dice s coefficient , a similarity measure used in information retrieval Munchkin Dice , an expansion for the Munchkin card game Dice G.I. Joe , a fictional ninja in the G.I. Joe universe, member of Cobra Dice horse 1925 1927 , American Champion Thoroughbred racehorse Wafer dicing , a step in semi conductor processing where device chips are cut out of a wafer Music DICE band , a German prog rock band Dice rapper , American rapper Dice song Dice song , a 1994 single by hide Dice Finley Quaye Dice Finley Quaye , a 2004 song by Finley Quaye Dices , the Spanish version of Selena Gomez & the Scene s 2010 single, Who Says Selena Gomez & the Scene song Who Says Television Dice TV miniseries Dice TV miniseries , a live action television miniseries Andrew Dice Clay born 1957 , American comedian Dice Undisputed , a 2007 American TV reality show starring Andrew Dice Clay D.I.C.E. , a 2005 animated television series See also Die disambiguation disambiguation de Dice es Dice desambiguaci n it Dice la Dice ja pt Dice ur Dice ... more details
cipher . See also Div col 2 Coinware is a variant of diceware using coins instead of dice. It allows ... languages. Cryptographic key types classification according to their usage Diceware describes ... more details
Numeral systems List stub date March 2011 This is a list of numeral systems . Positional notation These numeral systems use place value notation. Standard File Binary clock.svg thumb A binary clock might use Light emitting diode LEDs to express binary values. In this clock, each column of LEDs shows a binary coded decimal numeral of the traditional sexagesimal time. For the definition of standard positional numeral systems, see Non standard positional numeral systems . The common names are derived somewhat arbitrarily from Latin and Greek language Greek . For more information, see Hexadecimal Etymology . class wikitable Base Name Usage 2 Binary numeral system Binary All modern digital computations . 3 Ternary numeral system Ternary Cantor set all points in 0,1 that can be represented in ternary with no 1s. 4 Quaternary numeral system Quaternary Data transmission and Hilbert curve Hilbert curves . 5 Quinary 6 Senary Diceware 7 Septenary 8 Octal Charles XII of Sweden Scientific contributions Charles XII of Sweden , Filesystem permissions Octal notation Unix like permissions 9 Nonary 10 Decimal Most widely used by modern civilizations. ref The History of Arithmetic , Louis Charles Karpinski , 200pp, Rand McNally & Company, 1925. ref ref Histoire universelle des chiffres , Georges Ifrah , Robert Laffont, 1994 Also The Universal History of Numbers From prehistory to the invention of the computer , Georges Ifrah , ISBN 0471393401, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, 2000. Translated from the French by David Bellos, E.F. Harding, Sophie Wood and Ian Monk ref 11 Undecimal 12 Duodecimal 13 Tridecimal The Maya calendar . 14 Tetradecimal Programming for the Hewlett Packard HP 9100A B calculator ref http www.hpmuseum.org prog hp9100pr.htm ref and image processing applications ref See http www.freepatentsonline.com 6690378.html a patent at Free Patents Online ref . 15 Pentadecimal Telephony routing over IP and the Huli language . 16 Hexadecimal Human friendly representation hex ... more details
words at random from a long list, a technique often referred to as diceware . While such a collection ... references External links http www.diceware.com Diceware page http passkool.sourceforge.net ... more details
Refimprove date August 2009 Disk encryption software is computer security software that is designed to protect the confidentiality of the data stored on a computer disk by utilizing a technique called disk encryption . Compared to access restrictions commonly enforced by an operating system OS , this technique allows data be to be protected even when the OS is not active, for example, if data are read directly from the hardware. Such software encryption encrypts data stored on a computer s mass storage and transparently decrypts the information when an authorized user requests it no special action by the user except supplying a password or passphrase at the beginning of a session is required. Some also provide plausible deniability with deniable encryption techniques. The volume computing volume level encryption is particularly suited to portable devices such as laptop computer s and thumb drive s. If used properly, someone finding a lost device will have access only to inaccessible encrypted files. A strong passphrase e.g. five or more diceware words is essential for full security. While disk encryption software can transparently operate on an entire disk volume, a directory, or even a single file, non transparent file encryption software only encrypts or decrypts whole, individual files and stores the decrypted file in a temporary file. Some examples of file encryption software are GNU Privacy Guard and Pretty Good Privacy PGP . File archiver s, and even some text editor s such as emacs or vi can encrypt files. Common features This section lists features commonly found in disk encryption software, though not all functions may be provided in any given system. Plausible deniability Some disk encryption systems offer two levels of plausible deniability Use in cryptography Plausible Deniability , which might be useful in case a user is required to reveal the password of an encrypted volume. Hidden volumes See also deniable encryption Hidden volumes are a steganographi ... more details
characters 94 6.55 bits Diceware word list 7776 12.9 bits class wikitable Minimum lengths L ... also Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator Diceware Hardware random number generator ... more details
ln2 3 bits align left Diceware word list 7776 Rnd expr ln7776 ln2 3 bits To find the length, L, needed ... extended ASCII printable characters Diceware word list 32 bits expr ceil 32 ln10 ln2 expr ceil 32 ... appearing passwords more memorable is to use random words see diceware or syllables instead of randomly ... more details
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