Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin diencephalon GraySubject 189 GrayPage 807 Image EmbryonicBrain.svg Caption Diagram depicting the main subdivisions of the embryonic vertebrate brain. These regions will later differentiate into forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain structures. Image2 Gray645.png Caption2 Reconstruction of peripheral nerves of a human embryo of 10.2 mm. Label for Diencephalon is at left. IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 271 MeshName Diencephalon MeshNumber A08.186.211.730.385 NeuroLex Diencephalon NeuroLexID birnlex 1503 Code TerminologiaHistologica 3 11 03.5.00001 The diencephalon interbrain is the region of the vertebrate neural tube which gives rise to posterior forebrain structures. In Prenatal development development , the forebrain develops from the prosencephalon , the most anterior vesicle of the neural tube which later forms both the diencephalon and the telencephalon . In adults, the Diencephalon appears at the upper end of the brain stem, situated between the cerebrum and the brain stem. It is made up of four distinct components ... 3 pages 147 ref Organization diencephalon mid diencephalic territory prethalamus zona limitans intrathalamica thalamus hypothalamus epithalamus pretectum pineal gland metathalamus Roles The diencephalon ... nervous system . File Parahippocampal gyrus.jpg thumb right 300px Diencephalon Three dimensional representation File Diencephalon small.gif 200px Diencephalon red See also List of regions in the human brain Neothalamus References references External links BrainMaps diencephalon http www.neuinfo.org nif nifgwt.html?query 22Diencephalon 22 NIF Search Diencephalon via the Neuroscience Information Framework neuroanatomy stub Nervous system Diencephalon Category Diencephalon Category Developmental ... it Diencefalo kk la Diencephalon lt Tarpin s smegenys hu K ztiagy nl Diencephalon ja no Diencephalon pl Mi dzym zgowie pt Dienc falo ro Diencefal ru sk Medzimozog ... more details
Mergeto subthalamus date December 2009 Unreferenced date December 2009 The prethalamus formerly described as ventral thalamus or subthalamus is part of the diencephalon and therefore part of the brain . Developmental biologists prefer the term prethalamus, as it can be genetically defined Puelles and Rubenstein, 2003 , whereas human anatomists often use the expression subthalamus. The prethalamus is part of the mid diencephalic territory MDT containing also the zona limitans intrathalamica ZLI , and the thalamus . Caudally, the prethalamus is separated from the thalamus by the ZLI acting as lineage restriction boundary. The pro neural gene Dlx gene Dlx2 serves a typical marker of the prethalamus. Typical nucleus neuroanatomy nuclei of the prethalamus are the zona incerta , thalamic reticular nucleus , and the fields of Forel . The prethalamus is patterned by Sonic hedgehog signalling from the ZLI. Anatomically, it develops efferent nerve efferent output connections to the striatum caudate nucleus and putamen in the telencephalon , to the thalamus medial and lateral nuclear groups in the diencephalon, and to the red nucleus and substantia nigra in the mesencephalon . It receives afferent nerve afferent input connections from the substantia nigra and striatum. Diencephalon Category Diencephalon de Pr thalamus ... more details
Wiktionary Fundus Latin for bottom is an anatomical term referring to the portion of an organ opposite from its opening. Examples include Fundus stomach Fundus of gallbladder Fundus uterus Fundus eye Fundus camera for photographing the interior of the eye. Fundus of the urinary bladder Fundus seabed Fundus brain Fundus diencephalon disambig de Fundus sk Fundus sh Fundus ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Stratum zonale Latin stratum zonale thalami GraySubject 189 GrayPage 810 Image Caption Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 357 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre s 25 DorlandsSuf 12761662 The thalamus consists chiefly of gray substance , but its upper surface is covered by a layer of white substance , named the stratum zonale . References Gray s Category Nervous system neuroscience stub Diencephalon ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin recessus pinealis GraySubject 189 GrayPage 816 Image Gray720.png Caption Median sagittal section of brain. Pineal recess not labeled, but region is visible. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 439 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre r 05 DorlandsSuf 12696759 The pineal recess is a small recess of the third ventricle which projects into the stalk of the pineal body . Gray s neuroanatomy stub Diencephalon Category Neuroanatomy ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Lateral posterior nucleus of thalamus Latin nucleus lateralis posterior thalami GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Thalmus.png Caption2 Thalamic nuclei Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber The lateral posterior nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus . It acts in concert with the pulvinar . External links http brainmaps.org index.php?y lateral posterior nucleus of thalamus Diencephalon Category Neuroanatomy anatomy stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Epithalamus Latin epithalamus GraySubject 189 GrayPage 812 Image Epithalamus.png Caption Mesal aspect of a brain sectioned in the median sagittal plane. Epithalamus labeled in red, by habenular commissure , pineal body , and posterior commissure , with its projection anteriorly consisting stria medullaris Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 275 MeshName Epithalamus MeshNumber A08.186.211.577.200 NeuroLex Epithalamus NeuroLexID birnlex 1710 The epithalamus is a Dorsum biology dorsal posterior segment of the diencephalon a segment in the middle of the brain also containing the hypothalamus and the thalamus which includes the habenula and their interconnecting fibers the habenular commissure , the stria medullaris and the pineal body . Its function is the connection between the limbic system to other parts of the brain. Functions Some functions of its components include the secretion of melatonin by the pineal gland involved in circadian rhythms , and regulation of motor pathways and emotions . It is wired with the limbic system and basal ganglia. Components The epithalamus comprises the trigonum habenul , the pineal body , and the posterior commissure . External links http www.sci.uidaho.edu med532 epithala.htm Overview at University of Idaho http isc.temple.edu neuroanatomy lab atlas pdhn http www.neuinfo.org nif nifgwt.html?query 22Epithalamus 22 NIF Search Epithalamus via the Neuroscience Information Framework Diencephalon Category Limbic system Category Diencephalon ca Epit lem cs Epithalamus de Epithalamus es Epit lamo eu Epitalamo fr pithalamus it Epitalamo lt Antgumburis hu Epitalamusz no Epithalamus pl Nadwzg rze pt Epit lamo ro Epitalamus ru fi Epitalamus ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin nucleus habenularis lateralis, nucleus habenularis medialis GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray715.png Caption Mesal aspect of a brain sectioned in the median sagittal plane. The habenular nuclei are not labeled directly, but after expanding, look to region with habenular commissure , pineal body , and posterior commissure Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber See habenula for more detailed information. The habenular nuclei comprise a small group of nucleus neuroanatomy nuclei that are part of the epithalamus of the diencephalon , situated at the posterior end of the thalamus , on its upper surface. The habenular nuclei are typically divided into lateral habenular nucleus BrainInfo hier 278 , medial habenular nucleus BrainInfo hier 279 , The pineal gland is attached to the brain in this region. Action potential Nerve impulses from the habenular nuclei are transmitted to the septal nuclei via the stria medullaris , which is found on the medial surface of the thalamus. contradict other habenula here Problems External links BrainMaps Habenula http isc.temple.edu neuroanatomy lab atlas pdhn Diencephalon Olfactory system Category Neuroanatomy neuroanatomy stub fr Habenula ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Habenular commissure Latin commissura habenularum GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray715.png Caption Mesal aspect of a brain sectioned in the median sagittal plane. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 282 MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Habenular commissure NeuroLexID birnlex 1609 DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The habenular commissure , is a brain commissure a band of nerve fibers situated in front of the pineal gland that connects the habenular nuclei on both sides of the diencephalon . The habenular commissure is part of the trigonum habenul a small depressed triangular area situated in front of the superior colliculus and on the lateral aspect of the posterior part of the t nia thalami . The trigonum habenul also contains groups of nerve cells termed the ganglion habenul . Fibers enter the trigonum habenul from the stalk of the pineal gland , and the habenular commissure. Most of the trigonum habenul s fibers are, however, directed downward and form a bundle, the fasciculus retroflexus of Meynert , which passes medial to the red nucleus , and, after decussating with the corresponding fasciculus of the opposite side, ends in the interpeduncular nucleus . External links http www.neuinfo.org nif nifgwt.html?query 22Habenular 20commissure 22 NIF Search Habenular commissure via the Neuroscience Information Framework Diencephalon Category Neuroanatomy de Commissura habenularum ... more details
Fields of Forel is an area in a deep part of the brain known as the diencephalon . It is below the thalamus and consists of three defined, white matter areas of the subthalamus . These three regions are named H fields for Haubenfelder . The first, field H1, is the thalamic fasciculus , a horizontal white matter tract between the subthalamus and the thalamus. These fibers are projections to the thalamus from the basal ganglia globus pallidus and the cerebellum . H1 is separated from H2 by the zona incerta . Field H2 sometimes synonymous with lenticular fasciculus is also made up of projections from the pallidum to the thalamus, but these course the subthalamic nucleus dorsal . Field H3 aka the prerubral field , is a large zone of mixed gray and white matter located just rostral In front of the red nucleus. External links 1. http www.biology online.org dictionary Fields of forel 2. Forel, A. 1877 . Untersuchungen ber die Haubenregion und ihre oberen Verkn pfungen im Gehirne des Menschen und einiger S ugethiere, mit Beitr gen zu den Methoden der Gehirnuntersuchung . Archiv f r Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten 7 393 495. doi 10.1007 BF02041873 . Category Nervous system neuroscience stub Diencephalon Category Neuroanatomy Category Brainstem Category Cerebrum Category Central nervous system ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Suprapineal recess Latin recessus suprapinealis GraySubject 189 GrayPage 816 Image Gray736.png Caption Drawing of a cast of the ventricular cavities, viewed from the side. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 438 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre r 05 DorlandsSuf 12696899 The suprapineal recess is an anatomical structure in the ventricular system of the brain . It is located in the posterior part of the third ventricle , overlying the cerebral aqueduct . Additional images gallery Image Gray735.png Drawing of a cast of the ventricular cavities, viewed from above. gallery Diencephalon DEFAULTSORT Suprapineal Recess Category Neuroanatomy Neuroanatomy stub no Recessus suprapineale nn Recessus suprapineale ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Lemniscus Latin boxwidth GraySubject GrayPage Image Width Caption Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType BrainInfoNumber MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Lemniscus NeuroLexID birnlex 881 Dorlands DorlandsID A lemniscus Greek language Greek for ribbon or band ref DorlandsDict five 000058321 Lemniscus ref is an anatomic term. It can refer to In anatomy, a part of the brain , such as the medial lemniscus or lateral lemniscus . It is associated with the What pathway of the lateral lemniscal pathway, as in identifying where a sound is located. lemniscus is a bundle of secondary sensory fibers within the brain stem which terminates in specific relay nuclei of the diencephalon References references Nervous tissue Category Nervous system anatomy stub it Lemnisco ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Infobox Brain Name Posterior hypothalamic nucleus Latin nucleus posterior hypothalami GraySubject GrayPage Image HypothalamicNuclei.PNG Caption Posterior nucleus is PN , at right, in red. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Hypothalamus Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 403 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre n 11 DorlandsSuf 12582521 The posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus is one of the many nucleus neuroanatomy nuclei that make up the hypothalamus hypothalamic region of the brain . Its function is thermoregulation heating of the body. Damage or destruction of this nucleus causes hypothermia. Descending efferents from the nucleus synapse on the sympathetic neurons of the spinal cord, which exist in the thoracic and lumbar regions in the lateral horns. Diencephalon DEFAULTSORT Posterior Nucleus Of Hypothalamus Category Cerebrum Neuroanatomy stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin GraySubject 189 GrayPage 809 Image Gray715.png Caption Mesal aspect of a brain sectioned in the median sagittal plane. Taenia thalami labeled at upper right. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 431 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre t 01 DorlandsSuf 12789519 In the front, superior surface of the thalamus but separate from the inner, medial surface by a salient margin is the taenia thalami Latin for flat band . The bottom epithelial lining of the third ventricle is in between the tela chorioidea and the taenia thalami. Gray s Diencephalon Category Neuroanatomy neuroanatomy stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin recessus supraopticus GraySubject 189 GrayPage 816 Image Gray721.png Caption The hypophysis cerebri , in position. Shown in sagittal section. Optic recess labeled at upper right. Image2 Gray720.png Caption2 Median sagittal section of brain. The relations of the pia mater are indicated by the red color. Optic recess labeled at lower left. IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 440 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre r 05 DorlandsSuf 12696889 At the junction of the floor and anterior wall of the third ventricle , immediately above the optic chiasma , the ventricle presents a small angular recess or diverticulum, the optic recess or supraoptic recess . Additional image gallery Image Gray736.png Drawing of a cast of the ventricular cavities, viewed from the side. gallery Gray s neuroscience stub Diencephalon Category Nervous system ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin recessus infundibuli GraySubject 189 GrayPage 816 Image Gray654.png Caption Median sagittal section of brain of human embryo of three months. Recessus infundibuli visible labeled at bottom left. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 441 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre r 05 DorlandsSuf 12696677 The floor of the third ventricle is prolonged downward as a funnel shaped recess, the infundibular recess , into the infundibulum , and to the apex of the latter the hypophysis or pititary is attached. Gray s neuroscience stub Diencephalon Category Nervous system ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin sulcus hypothalamicus GraySubject 189 GrayPage 816 Image Caption Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 432 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre s 28 DorlandsSuf 12768751 The hypothalamic sulcus sulcus of Monro is a groove in lateral wall of third ventricle, marking the boundary between the thalamus and hypothalamus . The upper and lower portions of the lateral wall of the third ventricle correspond to the alar lamina and basal lamina , respectively, of the lateral wall of the fore brain vesicle biology vesicle and are separated from each other by a furrow , the hypothalamic sulcus, which extends from the interventricular foramen to the cerebral aqueduct . External links WhoNamedIt synd 904 Gray s Diencephalon Category Nervous system neuroscience stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The neothalamus is part of the diencephalon , a portion of the brain of higher organisms including humans. The neothalamus receives input from the thalamus and projects to the association psychology association areas of the neocortex . It contains the largest division of nucleus neuroanatomy nuclei in the brain and is larger in animals with a well developed cerebral cortex cortex . Nociception Nociceptive signals received in the spinal cord from primary afferent neuron s are projected via secondary afferent neurons, specifically, via the neo spinothalamic tract , through the neothalamus, where the tract terminates, to the somatosensory cortex . See also List of regions in the human brain Category Neuroanatomy Category Central nervous system Neuroanatomy stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin stria medullaris thalamica GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 281 MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Stria medullaris NeuroLexID birnlex 1066 DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The stria medullaris , also known as stria medullaris thalami, is a fiber bundle containing Afferent nerve afferent fibers from the septal nuclei , lateral preoptico hypothalamic region, and anterior thalamic nuclei to the habenula . It forms a horizontal ridge on the medial surface of the thalamus . It projects to the habenular nuclei . ref http www.dartmouth.edu rswenson NeuroSci chapter 10.html ref It is considered part of the epithalamus in NeuroNames , but part of the thalamus in Terminologia Anatomica . References reflist neuroscience stub Diencephalon Olfactory system Category Neuroanatomy ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Lateral dorsal nucleus of thalamus Latin nucleus dorsalis lateralis GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Thalmus.png Caption2 Thalamic nuclei Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber The lateral dorsal nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus . It acts in concert with the anterior nuclei of thalamus . It receives significant input from several subdivisions of visual cortex, and has a primary output to parietal cortex on the dorsolateral cortical convexity, giving it access to limbic forebrain nuclei important for emotion and behavior functions. Diencephalon Category Neuroanatomy anatomy stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Prosencephalon Forebrain Latin GraySubject 189 GrayPage 741 Image EmbryonicBrain.svg Caption Diagram depicting the main subdivisions of the embryonic vertebrate brain. These regions will later differentiate into forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain structures. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType BrainInfoNumber MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Forebrain NeuroLexID birnlex 1509 In the anatomy of the brain of vertebrates , the prosencephalon or forebrain is the Anatomical terms of location Directional terms rostral most forward most portion of the brain . The prosencephalon, the mesencephalon midbrain , and rhombencephalon hindbrain are the three primary portions of the brain during early developmental biology development of the central nervous system . It controls body temperature, reproductive functions, eating, sleeping, and any display of emotions. At the five vesicle stage, the prosencephalon separates into the diencephalon prethalamus , thalamus , hypothalamus , subthalamus , epithalamus , and pretectum and the telencephalon cerebrum . The cerebrum consists of the cerebral cortex , underlying white matter , and the basal ganglia . By 5 weeks in utero, it is visible as a single portion toward the front of the fetus. At 8 weeks in utero, the prosencephalon splits into the left and right cerebral hemispheres. When the embryonic prosencephalon fails to divide the brain into two lobes, it results in a condition known as holoprosencephaly . Additional images gallery Image Gray40.png Embryo between eighteen and twenty one days. Image Gray460.png Head of chick embryo of about thirty eight hours incubation, viewed from the ventral surface. X 26 gallery See also List of regions in the human brain External links http www.neuinfo.org nif nifgwt.html?query 22Forebrain 22 NIF Search Forebrain via the Neuroscience Information Framework Nervous system Diencephalon Forebrain Category Cerebrum Category Developmental biology neuroanatomy stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin fasciculus thalamicus GraySubject GrayPage Image DA loops in PD.jpg Caption The image shows dopaminergic pathways of the human brain in normal condition left and Parkinsons Disease right . Red Arrows indicate suppression of the target, blue arrows indicate stimulation of target structure. Thalamic fasciculus visible but not labeled, as red line from GPi to THA. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 422 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre f 03 DorlandsSuf 12356375 The thalamic fasciculus is a component of the subthalamus . It is sometimes considered synonymous with field H1 of Forel . Nerve fibres forming a composite bundle containing cerebellothalamic crossed and pallidothalamic uncrossed fibres that is insinuated between the thalamus and zona incerta . The thalamic fasciculus consists of the joint fibers of the ansa lenticularis and the lenticular fasciculus , coming from different portions of the medial globus pallidus , before they jointly enter the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus . ref name isbn1 4160 3445 5 cite book author Estomih Mtui Gregory Gruener title Clinical Neuroanatomy and Neuroscience With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access publisher Saunders location Philadelphia year 2006 pages 359 isbn 1 4160 3445 5 oclc doi accessdate ref References reflist External links http www.meddean.luc.edu lumen MedEd Neuro frames nlDEs nl06fr.htm http www.endotext.org neuroendo neuroendo3b neuroendo3b 2.htm see figure 12 http isc.temple.edu neuroanatomy lab atlas mdbg Diencephalon Rostral basal ganglia and associated structures Neural tracts Category Diencephalon Neuroscience stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Ansa lenticularis Latin GraySubject 189 GrayPage 837 Image DA loops in PD.jpg Caption The image shows dopaminergic pathways of the human brain in normal condition left and Parkinsons Disease right . Red Arrows indicate suppression of the target, blue arrows indicate stimulation of target structure. Ansa lenticularis visible but not labeled, as red line from GPi to THA. Image2 Caption2 System Precursor BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 427 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre a 44 DorlandsSuf 12138610 The ansa lenticularis ansa lentiformis in older texts is a part of the brain, making up the superior layer of the Substantia innominata substantia innominata of Meynert . Its fibers, derived from the medullary lamina of the lentiform nucleus , pass medially to end in the thalamus and subthalamic region, while others are said to end in the tegmentum and red nucleus . It is classified by NeuroNames as part of the subthalamus . External links LoyolaMedEd Neuro nlDEs nl04s.html Gray s Diencephalon Rostral basal ganglia and associated structures Neural tracts Category Neuroanatomy ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Ventral supraoptic decussation Latin commissura supraoptica ventralis GraySubject 188 GrayPage 814 Image Gray722.png Caption Scheme showing central connections of the optic nerve s and optic tract s. Commissure of Gudden labeled at center right. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 372 MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Ventral supraoptic decussation NeuroLexID birnlex 1347 DorlandsPre c 49 DorlandsSuf 12251853 The ventral supraoptic decussation is the crossover decussation point for signals from the left and right eye, en route respectively to the right and left sides of the visual cortex. Occupying the posterior part of the commissure of the optic chiasma is a strand of fibers, the Ventral supraoptic decussation commissure of Gudden , Gudden s inferior commissure , which is not derived from the optic nerves it forms a connecting link between the medial geniculate bodies . External links WhoNamedIt synd 468 Gray s Diencephalon Category Nervous system neuroscience stub ... more details
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