refimprove date October 2011 Image Candleburning.jpg thumb right The common flame of a candle is a classic example of a diffusionflame. Its yellow color owing to the large amount of incandescent soot particles in the incomplete combustion reaction of the flame. File Fire breathing 2 Luc Viatour.jpg thumb 500px right In a diffusionflame , combustion takes place at the flame surface only, where the fuel meets oxygen in the flammability limit right concentration the interior of the flame contains unburnt fuel. This is opposite to combustion in a premixed flame . The fire breather s spurting of fuel likely kerosene , combined with strong convection flows due to intense heat gives a turbulent diffusionflame. In combustion , a diffusionflame is a flame in which the oxidizer combines with the fuel by diffusion . As a result, the flame speed is limited by the rate of diffusion. cn date October 2011 Diffusion flames tend to burn slower and to produce more soot than premixed flame s because there may ... to the rule. The soot typically produced in a diffusionflame becomes incandescent from the heat of the flame and lends the flame its readily identifiable orange yellow color. Diffusion flames tend to have a less localized flame front than premixed flames. cn date October 2011 The contexts for diffusion may vary somewhat. For instance, a candle uses the heat of the flame itself to vaporize its wax fuel and the oxidizer oxygen diffuses into the flame from the surrounding air, while a Gas ... front, such as in the candle seen here. This is a rare example of a diffusionflame which does not produce ... The common flame of a candle is a classic example of a diffusionflame. Its yellow color owing to the large ... Image Australia Cairns Flame.jpg A nearly turbulent diffusionflame File Fire breathing 2 Luc Viatour.jpg A turbulent diffusionflame Image Candlespace.jpg A candle in a microgravity environment. This is a rare example of a diffusionflame which does not produce much soot and does not therefore have ... more details
about the generic concept of the time dependent random process File Diffusion.svg thumb right A diffusion ... but diffusion will still continue to occur, just that there will be no net flux . Diffusion describes ... concentration. The time dependence of the statistical distribution in space is given by the diffusion equation . The concept of diffusion is tied to that of mass transfer driven by a concentration gradient. Diffusion is invoked in the social sciences to describe the spread of ideas. Diffusion in physics Diffusion is the fact that particles move spread. In molecular diffusion , the moving molecules ... random motion. They move at random because they are cold. Diffusion is this thermal motion of all liquid and gas molecules at temperatures above absolute zero . Diffusion rate is a function of only temperature .... File diffusion center.gif thumb 350px The above palette shows change in excess carriers being generated ... of an intrinsic semiconductor bar. Electrons have a higher diffusion constant than holes, leading ... is observable under an electron microscope, small molecule diffusion can only be probed in carefully controlled experimental conditions. Under normal conditions, molecular diffusion is relevant ..., some often cited examples of diffusion are wrong If cologne is sprayed in one place, it will soon be smelled in the entire room, but a simple calculation shows that this can t be due to diffusion ..., which clearly indicates convection diffusion dominates only in perfect thermal equilibrium ... occurrence e.g. a metal spoon partly immersed in a hot liquid . This explains why the diffusion of heat was explained mathematically before the diffusion of mass. Other types of diffusion Anisotropic diffusion , also known as the Perona Malik equation, enhances high gradients Anomalous diffusion , ref cite book title Diffusion and Reactions in Fractals and Disordered Systems author D. Ben ... Shlomo 20Havlin 20books d r.php ref in porous medium Atomic diffusion , in solids Eddy diffusion ... more details
to a flame. In a diffusionflame , oxygen and fuel diffuse into each other where they meet the flame occurs. In a premixed flame , the oxygen and fuel are premixed beforehand, which results in a different type of flame. Candle flames a diffusionflame operate through evaporation of the fuel which rises in a laminar flow of hot gas which then mixes with surrounding oxygen and combusts. Flame color File Spectrum of blue flame intensity corrected.png thumb Spectrum of the blue premixed, i.e., complete combustion flame from a butane torch showing molecular Radical chemistry radical band ... wikitable Material burned Max. flame temperature C, in air, diffusionflame ref name temp cite book ... Experiments by NASA reveal that diffusionflame s in microgravity allow more soot to be completely ... flame of a burning candle. A flame from Latin wikt en flamma Latin flamma is the visible light ... Mechanism Color and temperature of a flame are dependent on the type of fuel involved in the combustion ... fuel, thus sustaining a consistent flame. The high temperature of the flame causes the vaporized ... involved in the reaction. Sufficient energy in the flame will excited state excite the electron ... of a flame increases if the flame contains small particles of soot unburnt carbon or other material , so does the average energy of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the flame see blackbody . Other oxidizers besides oxygen can be used to produce a flame. Hydrogen burning in chlorine produces a flame and in the process emits gaseous hydrogen chloride HCl as the combustion product ... kinetics occurring in the flame are very complex and involves typically a large number of chemical ... flames. File Bunsen burner flame types .jpg thumb Different flame types of a Bunsen burner depend on oxygen supply. On the left a rich fuel with no premixed oxygen produces a yellow sooty diffusionflame on the right a lean fully oxygen premixed flame produces no soot and the flame color is produced ... more details
The Flame could refer to The Flame Steve Lacy album The Flame Steve Lacy album , a 1982 album by American jazz saxophonist Steve Lacy The Flame Annabel Lamb album The Flame Annabel Lamb album , a 1984 album by British singer Annabel Lamb The Flame Arcadia song The Flame Arcadia song , a 1986 song by British band Arcadia The Flame Cheap Trick song The Flame Cheap Trick song , a 1988 song by American band Cheap Trick The Flame , a 1996 song by British band Fine Young Cannibals The Flame , the official song of the 2000 Sydney Summer Olympics performed by Tina Arena The Flame Dover album The Flame Dover album , a 2003 album by Spanish rock band Dover The Flame , a newspaper of the British National Front The Flame newspaper The Flame , a student newspaper of the University of Houston Victoria The Flame DHARMA Initiative , a fictional research project station featured in the American television series Lost Flame comics , a fictional superhero character The Flame wrestler , one of Professional wrestling professional wrestler Jody Hamilton ring name Texas Conference of Seventh day Adventists Publications The FLAME , a Seventh day Adventist magazine See also Flac ra disambiguation Flame disambiguation disambiguation ... more details
unreferenced date July 2011 In Flame is a 2000 play by Charlotte Jones writer Charlotte Jones . Its premiere at the Bush Theatre transferring to the New Ambassadors Theatre was directed by Anna Mackmin and featured Marcia Warren , Kerry Fox , Rosie Cavaliero , Ivan Kaye , Jason Hughes actor Jason Hughes and Emma Dewhurst . It is set in 1908 and 2000 and centred around two men and three women. External links http www.curtainup.com inflame.html Review Category 2000 plays Category 1908 in fiction Category 2000 in fiction ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Flame On Type studio Artist Machel Montano Cover FlameOn0001.jpg Released Flagicon TTO 16 January 2008 Recorded 2007 , 2008 Genre Soca music Soca Length 57 40 Label Ruf Rex Productions Ltd Producer Machel Montano Reviews TriniJungleJuice.com http www.trinijunglejuice.com cdreview flameon.html link Last album Book of Angels br 2007 This album Flame On br 2008 Next album Heavenly Drum br 2009 Misc Extra album cover Upper caption North American release Type studio Cover Wining season cover.jpg Lower caption Cover to the North American release Wining Season which included two additional tracks over the original release. Flame On is an album released by popular Soca music Soca artist Machel Montano from Trinidad and Tobago in 2008 ref http www.machelmontanohd.com index.php?page music Machel Montano Discography at Official Website ref . It was first launched at Trinidad s Club Zen on January 16, 2008 ref http www.trinijunglejuice.com machel album release zen 2008 Machel Montano HD Flame On Album Release ref . The album marks Machel Montano s second release after rebranding to Machel Montano HD in 2007 . A release in the United States has been reported to be upcoming on the Delicious Vinyl label with a different album name, Wining Season . ref http mustardseedmedia.blogspot.com 2008 03 rounds machel montano to release new.html Mustard Seed Media Blog ref ref http www.dancehallareaz.com news 25824 machel montano new york.html Dhaz Street Journal ref The album features several solo and collaborative tracks, with popular artists such as Cuban American Pitbull rapper Pitbull , United States American Lil Jon , Jamaican s Shaggy artist Shaggy & Buju Banton , Trinidadian s Patrice Roberts , The Mighty Sparrow and David Rudder . The song Blazin D Trail on the album placed third in the 2008 Road March Competition for Trinidad and Tobago ... Flame On Category Machel Montano albums Category Soca albums Category 2008 albums ... more details
wiktionary diffusionDiffusion is a time dependent random process causing a spread in space. Diffusion may also refer to In physical sciences Molecular diffusion , spontaneous dispersion of mass distinct from migration, caused by an external force Conduction of heat Momentum diffusionDiffusion equation Heat equation Eddy diffusion In physical sciences, more specific or modified meanings Diffusion MRI , Diffusion acoustics , sound waves Atomic diffusion , Brownian motion Collective diffusion Facilitated diffusion Effusion of a gas through small holes Gaseous diffusion It diffusion Knudsen diffusion of particles from very small containers Osmosis Photon diffusion , an optical effect Diffuse reflection , the reflection of light from an uneven or granular surface Reverse diffusion Rotational diffusion Self diffusion Surface diffusion Thermodiffusion In the social sciences Diffusion of innovations within a society or a culture or between them Lexical diffusion within a culture Trans cultural diffusion of culture items between cultures In computer science Diffuse reflection , the reflection of light from an uneven or granular surface Diffusion cryptography , the spreading of influence of bits in a cipher Error diffusion in image processing In other areas Diffusion business , the process by which a new idea or new product is accepted by the market Diffusion line , a secondary line of merchandise created by a high end fashion designer Diffusion process , in probability theory the solution to a stochastic differential equation Diffusion of responsibility Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge Diffusion Science Radio Show , a science radio show and podcast on 2SER in Sydney Diffusion Records , an independent record label Diffusion album Diffusion album , a 2008 album by 7for4 See also Migration disambiguation Diffuse nebula disambiguation de Diffusion Begriffskl rung es Difusi n fr Diffusion it Diffusione sk Dif zia ... more details
Thermal diffusion may refer to Uranium enrichment Thermal diffusion Thermal diffusion , an obsolete method of uranium enrichment Brownian motion at a constant non zero absolute temperature . Diffusion in a temperature gradient thermophoresis , also called thermodiffusion . See also Molecular diffusion Heat conduction i.e., diffusion of heat disambig ... more details
in turbulent, lifted jet diffusion flames journal Combustion and Flame volume 144 issue 3 pages ..., C. F. title Experimental analysis of local flame extinction in a turbulent jet diffusionflame by high repetition 2 D laser techniques and multi scalar measurements journal Proceedings ... flame Fick s laws of diffusion Planar laser induced fluorescence Particle image velocimetry ... External links https share.sandia.gov crf article.php?id 144 Turbulent DiffusionFlame Research http ...Turbulent diffusion is the transport of mass, heat, or momentum within a system due to random and chaotic ..., and high velocities. It occurs much more rapidly than molecular diffusion and is therefore extremely ... , dissolved oxygen, and solutions in industry. In these fields, turbulent diffusion acts as an excellent ... model that can be applied to the diffusion of a species in all turbulent systems due to the inability ... author Roberts, P.J.W., & Webster, D.R. chapter Turbulent Diffusion editor Shen, Hayley H. title Environmental ... location New York year 2002 pages isbn 0 7844 0629 4 oclc 50090138 ref Applications Atmospheric diffusion ... Gas Dispersion edition 4th Edition publisher year 2005 isbn 0 9644588 0 2 ref or diffusion, studies ... below models have both been used to simulate atmospheric diffusion, and are important for a proper ... into account both vertical and horizontal wind, but additionally integrate Fickian diffusion theory ..., at this point in time, it is difficult to better calculate the effects of turbulent diffusion on pollutants. Fickian diffusion theory and further advancements in research on atmospheric diffusion ... pages 511 7 year 2002 ref Turbulent diffusion flames Using planar laser induced fluorescence PLIF and particle ... diffusion in flames. Main areas of study include combustion systems in gas burners used for power generation and chemical reactions in jet diffusion flames involving methane CH sub 4 sub , hydrogen ... approach to turbulent diffusion focuses on an infinitesimal volume at a specific space and time ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Reverse diffusion refers to a situation where the transport of particles atom s or molecule s in a medium occurs towards regions of lower concentration gradients, opposite to that observed during diffusion . This phenomenon occurs during phase matter phase separation and is described by the Cahn Hilliard equation . Reverse diffusion also refers to when water is forced from an region of lower concentration to high. DEFAULTSORT Reverse Diffusion Category Diffusion Physics stub cs Reverzn osm za ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2008 Image Bunsen burner flame types .jpg thumb Different flame types of a Bunsen burner depend on oxygen supply. On the left a rich fuel mixture with no premixed oxygen produces a yellow sooty diffusionflame, and on the right a lean fully oxygen premixed flame produces no soot and the flame color is produced by molecular radical band emission . A premixed flame is a flame in which the oxidizer has been mixed with the fuel before it reaches the flame front . This creates a thin flame front as all of the reactants are readily available. If the mixture is rich, a diffusionflame will generally be found farther downstream. If the flow of the fuel&ndash oxidizer mixture is Laminar flow laminar , the flame speed of premixed flames is dominated by the chemistry. If the flow rate is below the flame speed, the flame will move upstream until the fuel is consumed or until it encounters a flame holder . If the flow rate is equal to the flame speed, we would expect a stationary flat flame front normal to the flow direction. If the flow rate is above the flame speed, the flame front will become conical such that the component of the velocity vector normal to the flame front is equal to the flame speed. As a result, the flame front of most premixed flames in daily life are roughly conical. See also Oxy fuel Category Fire de Diffusionsflamme sv F rblandad flamma ... more details
Atomic diffusion is a diffusion process whereby the random thermally activated movement of atom s in a solid ... and the concentration gradient. In crystals Image Chemical surface diffusion slow.gif thumb 250px right Interstitial Atomic diffusion across a 4 coordinated lattice. Note that the atoms often block each other from moving to adjacent sites. As per Fick s law of diffusion Fick s law , the net ... . In the crystal solid state, diffusion within the crystal lattice occurs by either Interstitial defect interstitial or substitutional mechanisms and is referred to as lattice diffusion coefficient lattice diffusion . ref cite book editor first P. editor last Heitjans editor2 first J. editor2 last Karger title Diffusion in condensed matter Methods, Materials, Models edition 2nd location publisher Birkhauser year 2005 isbn 3540200436 ref In interstitial lattice diffusion, a diffusant such as C in an iron ... lattice diffusion self diffusion for example , the atom can only move by substituting place with another atom. Substitutional lattice diffusion is often contingent upon the availability of Crystallographic ... from point vacancy to point vacancy by the rapid, essentially random jumping about jump diffusion ... of crystal solid state diffusion increases with temperature. For a single atom in a defect free ... math math r sim sqrt Tt . math Diffusion in polycrystalline materials can involve short circuit diffusion ... there is more open space, thereby allowing for a lower activation energy for diffusion. Atomic diffusion in polycrystalline materials is therefore often modeled using an effective diffusion coefficient , which is a combination of lattice, and grain boundary diffusion coefficient s. In general, surface diffusion occurs much faster than grain boundary diffusion, and grain boundary diffusion occurs much faster than lattice diffusion. See also Kirkendall effect Mass diffusivity References reflist refbegin refend External links http dragon.unideb.hu zerdelyi Diffusion on the nanoscale index.html ... more details
Image GearDiagram.jpg thumb Schematic cutaway view of a diffusion hardened metal gear inline date September 2010 Diffusion hardening is a process used in manufacturing that increases the hardness of steels. In diffusion hardening, diffusion occurs between a steel with a low carbon content and a carbon rich environment to increase the carbon content of the steel and ultimately harden the workpiece. Diffusion ... may be performed on a diffusion hardened part to increase the hardness of the core as desired, but in most cases in which diffusion hardening is performed, it is desirable to have parts with a hard ... amounts of wear, such as gears, the non uniform properties acquired through diffusion hardening are desired ... and more impact resistant core. Process Diffusion hardening is performed by completely surrounding ... on the type of diffusion process being performed. The concentration of the diffusing element surrounding the part must be higher than the concentration of the element inside the part, or diffusion ... high for diffusion to occur. In the case of pack carburizing, the temperature must be 900 C and the part must be allowed to sit for 12 to 72 hours for the correct amount of diffusion to occur. Types Diffusion hardening can be done in many different ways to achieve different hardnesses and different surface finishes on metal parts. Some of the different diffusion hardening operations include Carburizing , Nitriding , Carbonitriding , Nitrocarburizing , Boriding , Titanium carbon diffusion , and Toyota diffusion . While diffusion hardening is performed mainly on steel parts and carbon is mainly the element used for diffusion, diffusion hardening can also be performed with other diffusion ... and diffusion elements used, diffusion hardening processes differ in the temperature required for diffusion, the phase of the diffusion element, and additional treatments such as quenching and tempering ... is inefficient. All these things must come into consideration when choosing a diffusion hardening ... more details
Anomalous diffusion is a term used to describe a diffusion process with a non linear relationship to time, in contrast to a typical diffusion process, in which the mean squared displacement MSD , sub ... the amount of space the particle has explored in the system. Diffusion is often described by a power law ref cite book last Ben Avraham first Havlin title Diffusion and Reactions in Fractals and Disordered ... 20books.php Diffusion ref ref cite journal author S. Havlin, D. ben Avraham year 2002 title Diffusion ...?keyword Diffusion in disordered media&year 2002&match all ref , sub r sub sup 2 sup Dt sup sup , where D is the diffusion coefficient and t is the elapsed time. In a typical diffusion process, 1. If 1, the phenomenon is called super diffusion. Super diffusion can be the result of active cellular transport processes. If 1, the particle undergoes sub diffusion . Recently, the role of Anomalous diffusion has received attention within the literature to describe many physical scenarios, most prominently within crowded systems, for example protein diffusion within cells, or diffusion through porous media. Sub diffusion has been proposed as a measure of macromolecular crowding in the cytoplasm . Types of Anomalous diffusion Of interest within the scientific community, when one an anomalous type diffusion process, is to then understand the underlying mechanism which has caused it. There are a number of frameworks which give rise to anomalous diffusion that are currently in vogue ... Brownian motion fBm , and diffusion on fractal topology. Related Topics Levy flights Random walks ... Granek, and Michael Elbaum. http link.aps.org doi 10.1103 PhysRevE.66.011916 Diffusion and directed ... 3524 2004 Jean Philippe Bouchaud. http dx.doi.org 10.1016 0370 1573 90 90099 N Anomalous diffusion ... flow , Phys. Rev. E 81 6 2010 . External links http dragon.unideb.hu zerdelyi Diffusion on the nanoscale ... Diffusion on the nanoscale node13.html Anomalous interface shift kinetics Computer simulations ... more details
for the marketing term Diffusion of innovations In probability theory , a branch of mathematics , a diffusion process is a solution to a stochastic differential equation . It is a continuous time Markov process with continuous function continuous sample paths. A sample path of a diffusion process mimics the trajectory of a molecule, which is embedded in a flowing fluid and at the same time subjected to random displacements due to collisions with other molecules, i.e. Brownian motion . The position of this molecule is then random its probability density function is governed by an advection equation advection diffusion equation . Mathematical definition A diffusion process is any Markov process with continuous paths defined by a transition probability function math p s,x t,dy math satisfying the Chapman Kolmogorov equation . ref cite web title 9. Diffusion processes url http math.nyu.edu faculty varadhan stochastic.fall08 sec10.pdf format pdf accessdate October 10, 2011 ref See also Sample continuous process It diffusion Jump diffusion References Reflist Category Stochastic processes probability stub gl Teor a da difusi n ... more details
According to IUPAC definition, ref http goldbook.iupac.org S05582.html IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd edition ref self diffusion coefficient is the diffusion coefficient math D i math of species math i math when the chemical potential gradient equals zero. It is linked to the diffusion coefficient math D i math by the equation math D i D i frac partial ln c i partial ln a i . math Here, math a i math is the activity chemistry activity of the species math i math in the solution and math c i math is the concentration of math i math . This term is commonly assumed to be equal to the tracer diffusion determined by watching the movement of an Isotopic labeling isotope in the material of interest. See also Diffusion Molecular diffusion References reflist DEFAULTSORT Self Diffusion Category Diffusion physics stub pl Dyfuzja w asna pt Autodifus o ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A diffusion filter is a translucent filter photography photographic filter used for a special effect . When used in front of the photographic lens camera lens , a photon diffusiondiffusion filter softens subjects and generates a dreamy haze . This can also be improvise d by smearing petroleum jelly on a UV filter or shooting through a nylon stocking . Diffusion filters may be uniform or may have a clear center area to create a vignetting vignette of diffused area around the clear center subject. Diffusion filters are also used in stage lighting and likewise in photography setups , where they may also be called diffusion gel , or just diffusion . This is a reference to color gel , which is another type of lighting gel . Diffusion gels soften the light in order to reduce or diffuse shadow s or glare . Silk sheets can also be used in this manner, and in fact were until the invention of translucent plastic s. Opal is a common translucent or opalescent diffusion. See also Diffuser optics Soft focus DEFAULTSORT Diffusion Filter Category Photography equipment Category Optical filters Category Photographic lighting Category Stage lighting Photography stub ... more details
In the electrochemistry , the diffusion layer contains the material that is analyzed. According to IUPAC , the diffusion layer is defined as the region in the vicinity of an electrode where the concentrations are different from their value in the bulk solution. The definition of the thickness of the diffusion layer is arbitrary because the concentration approaches asymptotically the value in the bulk solution . ref GoldBookRef file D01725 title diffusion layer concentration boundary layer ref The diffusion layer thus depends on the diffusion coefficient D of the analyte and on the scan rate V sec . It is usually considered to be some multiple of Dt sup 1 2 sup where 1 t scan rate . At slow scan rates, the diffusion layer is large, on the order of microns, whereas at fast scan rates the diffusion layer is nanometers in thickness. The relationship is described in part by the Cottrell equation . ref Bard, A. J. Faulkner, L. R. Electrochemical Methods. Fundamentals and Applications 2nd Ed. Wiley, New York. 2001. ISBN 0 471 04372 9 ref Relevant to cyclic voltammetry , the diffusion layer has negligible volume compared the volume of the bulk solution. For this reason, cyclic voltammetry experiments have an inexhaustible supply of fresh analyte. References references ru Category Diffusion ... more details
Orphan date September 2008 Diffusion networks are continuous time, continuous state recurrent neural network neural networks with a stochastic component. They are neural networks and stochastic diffusion processes, thus their name. Diffusion networks are related to a wide range of popular algorithms in the neural network and machine learning literature. For example Boltzmann machine Boltzmann machines are binary state versions of diffusion networks. Kalman filter Kalman filters are linear versions of diffusion networks. Diffusion networks can be trained using a variety of approaches, including minimum velocity, contrastive divergence, and standard maximum likelihood estimation ref Movellan2008 . The goal of learning in general is to learn entire probability distributions. One of the main advantages of this approach, when compared to other generative approaches, is that once a distribution has been learned, optimal inference is trivial. All it takes is to clamp the observable units and let the unobservable units settle to stochastic equilibrium. References note Movellan2008 1 Movellan J. R. Contrastive Divergence in Gaussian Diffusion Processes http mplab.ucsd.edu Neural Computation. In Press. Category Computational neuroscience ... more details
Jump diffusion is a stochastic process that involves jump discontinuity jumps and diffusion . It has important applications in condensed matter physics and in option pricing . In physics In crystals, atomic diffusion typically consists of jumps between vacant lattice sites. On time and length scales that average over many single jumps, the net motion of the jumping atoms can be described as regular diffusion . Jump diffusion can be studied on a microscopic scale by inelastic neutron scattering and by M bauer spectroscopy . Closed expressions for the autocorrelation function have been derived for several jump diffusion models Singwi, Sj lander 1960 full alternation between oscillatory motion and directed motion Chudley, Elliot 1961 ref cite journal last Chudley first C. T. coauthors R. J. Elliot title Neutron Scattering from a Liquid on a Jump Diffusion Model journal Proc. Phys. Soc. year 1961 volume 77 pages 353 doi 10.1088 0370 1328 77 2 319 ref jumps on a lattice Sears 1966, 1967 full jump diffusion of rotational degrees of freedom Hall, Ross 1981 full jump diffusion within a restricted volume Reflist In economics and finance In option pricing , a jump diffusion model is a form of mixture model , mixing a jump process and a diffusion process . Jump diffusion models have been introduced by Robert C. Merton as an extension of jump model s. Due to their computational tractability, the special case of a basic affine jump diffusion is popular for some credit risk and short rate model s. Derivatives market Volatility Category Stochastic processes Category Options economics stub physics stub ... more details
notability Companies date March 2009 unreferenced date March 2009 infobox record label name Diffusion Records image Image Diffusion Records.jpg 220px parent founded 2001 founder Andrew Sega status Active distributor genre Electronica , electronic rock , electropop country United States US url http www.diffusionrecords.com Official website Diffusion Records is an American independent record label founded by Andrew Sega in 2001. Initially started as a label for Sega s first Alpha Conspiracy album Cipher album Cipher , Diffusion Records went on growing into a more full featured label, so far releasing albums by artists such as Iris Texas band Iris , CTRL band CTRL , Low Technicians , and Kilowatts and Vanek . Releases 2001 The Alpha Conspiracy Cipher album Cipher 2001 The Alpha Conspiracy vs Low Technicians Forward Rewinding 2002 Iris Texas band Iris Unknown 2002 Low Technicians Remembrance 2003 Iris Awakening Iris album Awakening Limited 2003 Iris Awakening 2004 The Alpha Conspiracy Aura The Alpha Conspiracy album Aura 2004 CTRL band CTRL Lose The Image 2005 Kilowatts and Vanek Rawq 2005 Iris Wrath Iris album Wrath 2006 CTRL Loaded Weapons And Darkened Days 2008 Iris Hydra 2009 CTRL Lost In Static 2009 Low Technicians Riga 2010 CTRL Lost In Static 2010 Iris Blacklight Iris album Blacklight External links http www.diffusionrecords.com Official website http www.allrecordlabels.com db 1 8301.html Diffusion Records at allrecordlabels.com http www.discogs.com label Diffusion Records Diffusion Records Discography at Discogs http www.emusic.com listen label Diffusion Records IODA MP3 Download 139350.html Diffusion Records at eMusic http www.connexionbizarre.net interviews diffusion records an interview with andrew sega Diffusion Records an interview with Andrew Sega at Connexionbizarre.net Category Record labels established in 2001 Category Electronic music record labels Category American independent record labels sq Diffusion Records ... more details
Eddy diffusion , eddy dispersion , or turbulence turbulent diffusion is any diffusion process by which substances are mixed in the atmosphere or in any fluid system due to eddy motion . ref IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology 2nd Edition 1997 Gold Book http www.iupac.org goldbook E01889.pdf Link ref ref Science world, wolframe ref In another definition ref Glossary of Meteorology http amsglossary.allenpress.com glossary browse?s e&p 9 Link ref it is mixing that is caused by eddy fluid dynamics eddies that can vary in size from the small Kolmogorov microscales to subtropical gyre s. Because the microscopic processes responsible for atmospheric mixing are too complex to model in detail, atmospheric modelers generally treat atmospheric mixing as a macroscopic eddy diffusion process. In this approach, the diffusion rate at each pressure level is parameterized by a quantity known as the eddy diffusion coefficient , K ref Chamberlain and Hunten 1987, pp. 75 and 90 ref also sometimes called eddy diffusivity , with units of math m 2 s 1 math . References Reflist Category diffusion de Eddy Diffusion nl Eddy diffusie nn Eddy diffusjon pt Difus o turbulenta ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Photon diffusion is a situation where photon s travel through a material without being absorbed, but rather undergoing repeated scattering events which change the direction of their path. The path of any given photon is then effectively a random walk . A large statistical ensemble ensemble of such photons can be said to exhibit diffusion in the material, and can be described with a diffusion equation . Astrophysics In astrophysics , photon diffusion occurs inside a stellar atmosphere . To describe this phenomenon, one should develop the transfer equation in moments and use the Eddington approximation to radiative transfer i.e. the diffusion approximation . In 3D the results are two equations for the photon energy flux math vec F frac c 12 pi sigma vec nabla U, math math vec nabla cdot vec F 0, math where math sigma math is the opacity. By substituting the first equation into the second, one obtains the diffusion equation for the photon energy density math nabla 2 U frac 1 sigma vec nabla U cdot vec nabla sigma 0. math Medical science In medicine , the diffusion of photons can be used to create images of the body mainly brain and breast and has contributed much to the advance of certain fields of research, such as neuroscience. This technique is known as diffuse optical imaging . See also Global dimming Radiative transfer equation and diffusion theory for photon transport in biological tissue Diffusion damping Diffuse reflection DEFAULTSORT Photon Diffusion Category Diffusion Category Photonics Physics stub it Diffusione fotonica ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced November 2006 orphan November 2009 context May 2011 technical May 2011 wikify March 2012 Streamline diffusion , given an advection equation advection diffusion equation , refers to all diffusion going on along the advection direction. Explanation If we take an advection equation, for simplicity of writing we have assumed math nabla cdot bold u 0 math , and math bold u 1 math math frac partial psi partial t bold u cdot nabla psi 0. math we may add a diffusion term, again for simplicty, we assume the diffusion to be constant over the entire field. math D nabla 2 psi math , Giving us an equation of the form math frac partial psi partial t bold u cdot nabla psi D nabla 2 psi 0 math We may now rewrite the equation on the following form math frac partial psi partial t bold u cdot nabla psi bold u bold u cdot D nabla 2 psi D nabla 2 psi bold u bold u cdot D nabla 2 psi 0 math The term below is called streamline diffusion. math bold u bold u cdot D nabla 2 psi math Crosswind diffusion Any diffusion orthogonal to the streamline diffusion is called crosswind diffusion, for us this becomes the term math D nabla 2 psi bold u bold u cdot D nabla 2 psi math Category Fluid dynamics Category Diffusion Category Partial differential equations Math stub ... more details
About spontaneous dispersion of mass a more generic treatment of diffusionDiffusion File DiffusionMicroMacro.gif thumb 250px Diffusion from a microscopic and macroscopic point of view. Initially, there are solution ... to low concentration areas, following Fick s laws. Molecular diffusion , often called simply diffusion .... Diffusion explains the net flux of molecules from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration, but it is important to note that diffusion also occurs when there is no concentration gradient. The result of diffusion is a gradual mixing of material. In a Phase matter phase with uniform temperature, absent external net forces acting on the particles, the diffusion process ... s of the Diffusion diffusing substance in the two compartments becomes equal. Consider two systems ... it would be of equal color to system B. Molecular diffusion is typically described mathematically using Fick s laws of diffusion . Applications Diffusion is of fundamental importance in many disciplines of physics, chemistry, and biology. Some example applications of diffusion Sintering to produce ... its properties Doping semiconductor Doping during production of semiconductor s. Significance File Diffusion 1 .png thumb 280px Schematic representation of mixing of two substances by diffusionDiffusion is part of the transport phenomena . Of mass transport mechanisms, molecular diffusion is known as a slower one. Biology In cell biology , diffusion is a main form of transport for necessary materials ... url doi id isbn ref Diffusion of water H sub 2 sub O through a partially permeable membrane is classified as osmosis . Metabolism and Respiration physiology respiration rely in part upon diffusion in addition ... this gas exchange process. Tracer, self and chemical diffusion File Diffusion self1.svg thumb 340px Self diffusion, exemplified with an isotopic tracer of radioactive isotope sup 22 sup Na File Diffusion4.svg thumb 340px Example of chemical classical, Fick s, or Fickian diffusion of sodium chloride ... more details
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