Image Patxaran casero.jpg thumb right 200px A bottle of homemade patxaran Image Zoco.jpg thumb right 200px A bottle of Zoco Patxaran IPA eu pat a an Basque language Basque from baso aran wild plum , lang es Pachar n is a sloe flavoured liqueur commonly drunk in Navarre , the Pyrenees and elsewhere in Spain . It is usually served as a digestif either chilled or on ice. Process Patxaran is made by soaking sloe berries, collected from the blackthorn shrub, along with a few coffee beans and a vanilla pod in anisette . The process produces a light sweet reddish brown liquid around 25 30 in alcohol content by volume. In addition to dictating the amount of sloe to be used, the regulating body for Pachar n Navarro insists that no colourings or flavourings be added and that the maceration last between one and eight months. History Known to have existed in Navarre as early as the Middle Ages, Patxaran was initially a home made liqueur of rural Navarre and became popular during the late 19th century. It was commercialised in the 1950s and then became very popular outside Navarre. One theory for this rise holds that young Navarrese took bottles with them while on National Service , thereby popularising Patxaran throughout Spain. Currently, there are moves to ensure that the drink s name will be protected in order to ensure its quality, tradition and Navarrese identity. Commercial brands and production First sold in 1956, the oldest commercial brand is Zoco , founded by the family of Ambrosio Velasco, who had been producing patxaran in the Viana, Spain Viana area since 1816. This brand is now owned by Pernod Ricard . Other brands include Etxeko , Kantxa , Bara ano Atxa and Baines . Seven million litres a year are commercially produced. See also Sloe gin External links http www.pacharannavarro.org Website of official Patxaran regulator requires flash http www.practicallyedible.com edible.nsf pages patxaran Practically Edible Patxaran Pachar n Navarro Category Basque cuisine Categ ... more details
File Shabbybooz strega.jpg 300px thumb top A nearly empty bottle of Strega Strega or Liquore Strega , is an Italy Italian herb al liqueur produced since 1860 by the S. A. Distilleria Liquore Strega in Benevento , Campania , Italy . Its yellow color comes from the presence of saffron in its recipe . Liquore Strega is 80 proof 40 and among its approximately 70 herbal ingredient s are mentha mint and fennel . Strega is considered a digestif , meant for drinking after meals. Strega has a similar appearance to Galliano drink Galliano though less vibrantly yellow . It is slightly sweet, semi viscous, and has a bold, complex flavor with strong minty or coniferous notes. Strega is used for flavoring torta caprese , a type of cake. The name Strega is the Italian word for witch and since legends of witchcraft at Benevento date back to the time of the Lombards Lombard invasion, it was a natural choice of name for the liqueur. The liqueur is sometimes called the witch in the English speaking world. The prize The Strega Prize Premio Strega Strega Prize , the most prestigious literary award in Italy today, was founded in 1947 by Guido Alberti , then owner of the company, together with his friends the writer Maria Bellonci and her husband Goffredo. Reviews The San Francisco World Spirits Competition one of several international spirit ratings organizations has evaluated Strega on three occasions since 2005. The ratings organization gave the spirit gold medals in 2005 and 2011 and a silver medal in 2008. ref cite web url http www.proof66.com single display.php?id 1344 title Strega Page Listing on Proof66 publisher Proof66.com accessdate 2011 11 01 ref References Reflist External links official http www.strega.it Category Italian liqueurs Category Herbal liqueurs cs Strega de Strega es Strega fr Strega it Liquore Strega he ja pl Strega sv Strega ... more details
File Emile Charles Achard.jpg thumb Emile Charles Achard Emile Achard , full name Emile Charles Achard 24 July 1860 1944 was a French internist born in Paris . In 1893 he became m decin des h pitaux , and later a professor of general pathology and therapeutics . In 1910 he was appointed professor of internal medicine at the University of Paris . He also was also a physician at H pital Cochin in Paris . In 1896 with Raoul Bensaude 1866 1938 , he identified a disease he called paratyphoid fever , and was able to isolate the cause to a microbe named salmonella paratyphi . Also a postmenopausal condition known as diabetic bearded woman syndrome is now referred to as Achard Thiers syndrome , and the eponymous Achard syndrome is a syndrome consisting of arachnodactyly , a receding Human lower jaw lower jaw and joint laxity in the extremities. In 1897 Achard and internist Joseph Castaigne 1871 1951 developed a urinary test using methylene blue dye to examine kidney function. The criteria used was to find the percentage of dye, injected subcutaneously, that showed up in the urine within a 24 hour period. This procedure was to become known as the Achard Castaigne test. With Castaigne he published Manuel des maladies du tube digestif . References reflist http www.whonamedit.com doctor.cfm 124.html Emile Achard Who Named It Persondata NAME Achard, Emile ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Internist DATE OF BIRTH 24 July 1860 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1944 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Achard, Emile Category French physicians Category 1860 births Category 1944 deaths Category People from Paris Category University of Paris faculty it Charles Achard ro Charles mile Achard ... more details
Auguste Chaillou August 21, 1866 April 23, 1915 was a French biologist and physician born in Parennes in the department of Sarthe . He worked at the Necker Enfants Malades Hospital H pital des Enfants Malades , and for most of his career was associated with the Pasteur Institute in Paris . Chaillou is best known for his development of the anti diphtheria serum with mile Roux and Louis Martin 1864 1946 at the Pasteur Institute. The three men presented their findings at the Tenth International Congress of Hygiene in Budapest 1894 . From 1895 until 1914 he was chief of anti rabies services at the Pasteur Institute. As a medical officer during World War I he was killed on the battlefield of Vauquois . Written Works La s rumth rapie et le tubage du larynx dans les croups dipht riques 1894 Morphologie m dicale . Paris 1912 with Leon Mac Auliffe 1876 1937 . Un Pr cis d exploration externe du tube digestif with Leon Mac Auliffe Etude des quatre types humains References http www.pasteur.fr infosci archives chl0.html Rep res chronologiques Archives of the Pasteur Institute biography Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Chaillou, Auguste ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH August 21, 1866 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH April 23, 1915 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Chaillou, Auguste Category French biologists Category 1866 births Category 1915 deaths Category French military personnel killed in World War I Category People from Sarthe Category Necker Hospital fr Auguste Chaillou ... more details
A vin de liqueur is a Sweetness of wine sweet Fortified wine fortified style of French wine that is fortified with brandy just prior to Fermentation wine fermentation . The term vin de liqueur is also used by the European Union to refer to all fortified wines . These wines are similar to Vin doux naturel vins doux naturels but are sweeter and have more flavor influence from the added brandy. ref name Oxford pg 736 Robinson, Jancis editor . The Oxford Companion to Wine , third edition, Oxford University Press 2006 , 736, ISBN 0198609906. ref A vin de liqueur is usually served as an Ap ritif and digestif ap ritif . Production Just prior to the onset of fermentation, the Must grape must is fortified with brandy until the solution reaches an alcohol level of 16 22 . The resulting wine is left with a high level of residual sugar because most strains of yeast cannot Mating of yeast reproduce at such a high alcohol level. ref name Oxford pg 736 Vins de liqueur are available in many regional styles and List of grape varieties varieties of grape . Grapes from the Champagne wine region Champagne region are used for the production of ratafia . The Rh ne wine Rh ne region makes a wine known as rinquinquin , and the Languedoc wine Languedoc region produces a local vin de liqueur that is called cartag ne . ref name Oxford pg 736 The Jura wine Jura wine region produces a vin de liqueur called Macvin du Jura . Most regions that have characteristic brandies also produce related fortified wines the Pineau des Charentes is fortified with Cognac drink cognac , and the Floc de Gascogne with Armagnac drink armagnac . References reflist Category Fortified wine Category French wine Category Mistelle ... more details
Gran Classico Bitter File Gran Classico bottle shot 50.jpg thumb right 200px Gran Classico bottle Gran Classico Bitter is an alcoholic Aperitif ap ritif digestif 28 alcohol 56 proof created following the Italian Bitter of Turin recipe dating from the 1860s. This recipe, which was originally produced under the name Torino Gran Classico, had been purchased in 1925 from a Turin based distillery by the small Swiss distillery E. Luginb hl, located near Bern . It is made by soaking a mixture of 25 aromatic herbs and roots including Artemisia absinthium wormwood , gentian , Bitter orange bitter orange peel , rhubarb , and hyssop in an alcohol water solution in order to extract their flavors and aromas. This process is similar to that which was originally employed to make medicinal tincture s. The maceration also creates a natural golden amber color, which is not modified with additional colorants, although many other producers that use Turin style recipes did and still do, dye their liquors Cochineal dye red . The final liquid is then filtered, reduced in alcoholic strength and sweetened with sugar before bottling. Gran Classico Bitter is consumed straight or with ice, mixed with Seltzer water or beer and as an ingredient in cocktails , in the same fashion as other bitters or Amaro drink amaros . It is most frequently chosen as an alternative to the traditional bitter component in the legendary Negroni cocktail and its variations. Gran Classico Bitter is imported into the United States, as is the brand name owned worldwide, by http www.tempusfugitspirits.com Tempus Fugit Spirits of Petaluma, California Petaluma , California. External links http www.granclassico.com Gran Classico Bitter official website Category Bitters Category Herbal liqueurs ... more details
Refimprove date June 2009 Infobox Beverage name Zwack image Image Zwack bottle.jpg 250px type Digestif abv 40 proof 80 manufacturer Unicum Zwack plc distributor Diageo plc origin Budapest Hungary introduced 1790 discontinued color variants related Zwack is an 80 proof 40 alcohol herbal liqueur made in Hungary with a secret blend of more than 40 different herbs and spices. It is known as the National Shot of Hungary ref http thebar.com default.aspx TheBar.com ref , is produced by Unicum Zwack, plc, in Budapest , Hungary, and is now imported into the US by Diageo . History Unicum was created by Dr. J zsef Zwack, the Royal Physician to the House of Habsburg Habsburg Court, for Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor Emperor Joseph II in 1790. It was not until 1840 that his 20 year old son, Jozsef Zwack founded J. Zwack & Co., the first Hungarian liqueur manufacturer. By the early 1900s, the Zwack company had become one of the leading distilleries in central Europe, producing over 200 liqueurs and spirits, exported all over the world. In 1915, Jozsef s son, Lajos, took over the factory and left it to his two sons, Bela and Janos, upon his death. During World War II , Budapest and the Zwack factory were completely destroyed. After the war, with the Communist regime, the factory was nationalized in 1948. The Zwack family fled the country. Janos Zwack with his son Peter, great grandson of J zsef, was able to escape with the original Zwack recipe in his pocket. Bela Zwack remained behind to give the communist government a fake Zwack recipe and went on to become a regular factory worker. Meanwhile, Janos and Peter migrated to the United States and after several months in Ellis Island s refugee camp were granted US entry purely because they possessed the Zwack recipe. They later settled in the Bronx in 1949 when Peter was 22 years old. It was in the US that Peter learned all the ins and outs ... bitter, bold taste herbal liqueur is mainly consumed as an aperitif before meals or a digestif after ... more details
Refimprove date May 2009 Infobox Beverage name Triple sec image type Liqueur abv 15 to 40 ref Bar None Drinks www.barnonedrinks.com tips dictionary t triple sec 922.html ref manufacturer various origin Saumur , France introduced 1849 color clear, golden flavor orange fruit orange Triple sec , originally Cura ao triple sec , is a variety of Cura ao liqueur , an orange fruit orange flavoured liqueur made from the dried peels of bitter and sweet orange fruit orange . Triple sec may be drunk neat as a digestif or on the rocks, but nowadays is mostly used in making cocktail s such as the Margarita , White Lady cocktail White Lady , and Cosmopolitan cocktail Cosmopolitan . History The Combier distillery claims that Triple sec was invented some time between 1834 and 1848 by Jean Baptiste Combier in Saumur , France . ref The Combier web site says that Combier s confectionery store opened in 1834, but says only that Triple Sec was invented cette poque as a filling for his candies and chocolates it also does not mention when Combier s Triple Sec was actually commercialized. ref However, Combier was more famous for its lixir Combier, which contained orange but also many other flavorings. ref Les liquoristes saumurois in Saumur jadis , anonymous Web publication at http saumur jadis.pagesperso orange.fr recit ch34 r34d1liq.htm cites Richard Gasnier, Les liquoristes saumurois de 1830 1910 , m m. de ma trise, Angers, 2000, B. U. de l U.C.O., 15 747 Fran ois Bouyssi et Isabelle Emeriau, James Combier 1842 1917 . Essai biographique... , S.L.S.A.S. ,, 1992, p. 46 89 Alain Mariez, Un zeste d orange, deux doigts d ambition , L Anjou , d cembre 1995, p. 70 77 Christelle Couvreux, Marie Bardisa, La Distillerie Combier. Saumur , Itin raires du Patrimoine, 1999. ref According to Cointreau , its orange liqueur was created in 1875. ref http www.cointreau.fr la maison la saga 800422.html La Saga Cointreau on its Web site ref Triple sec was certainly widely known by 1878 at the Expositio ... more details
, either for food or for cocktails. Used in both ap ritif s and digestif s, it settles the stomach ... Drink Digestif Flavored liquor Purl References Reflist External links http www.fineliving.com fine ... more details
Image Becherovka bottle.jpg thumb 200px upright A bottle of Becherovka, a bitters made in the Czech Republic and bottled at 38 ABV . Becherovka Audio Cs Becherovka.ogg listen formerly Karlsbader Becherbitter is a herbal bitters that is produced in Karlovy Vary , Czech Republic , by the Jan Becher Jan Becher company . The brand is owned by Pernod Ricard . Becherovka is flavored with anise seed, cinnamon , and approximately 32 other herbs. Its alcohol content is 38 ABV 76 proof . It is usually served cold and is often used as an aid to Ap ritif and digestif digestion . It may also be served with tonic water , making a drink that is known as a beton BEcherovka TONic Czech language Czech for concrete . It is used in several former Eastern Bloc countries as a home remedy for arthritis . ref Cite journal author Pawliszyn, R. year 1996 title Vedlej inky bylinn ch lik r v geriatrick artritida journal Potravin sk v dy volume 14 issue 2 pages 31 35 ref History The father of Becherbitter was Josef Vitus Becher 1769 1840 . Apart from trading in spices and colonial goods in his shop U t sk ivan At the Three Skylarks , he also devoted himself to the production of alcohol already in 1794, he rented a stillhouse somewhere in the town and started to experiment with hard alcohol. Following the example of his forefathers, he also served in public office as councillor, mayor and portreeve . Josef was married twice his first wife died of pneumonia and had a total of 16 children, although only five daughters and two sons outlived him. Josef s business was taken over in 1838 by his son Johann Nepomuk Becher, called Jan in Czech. ref http www.becherovka.com o becherovce ref From 1998 to 2003 a Slovak version was also sold, manufactured by Zden k Hoffmann in Doma lice formerly Taus in Bohemia, who claimed that Alfred Becher had given his grandfather the recipe in 1939, with the right to manufacture the product, as he was worried that the secret might not survive the war. Hoffmann ... more details
Image Alfred Vulpian.gif thumb right Edm F lix Alfred Vulpian January 5, 1826 May 18, 1887 was a French physician and neurologist . He was the co discoverer of Vulpian Bernhardt spinal muscular atrophy and the Vulpian Heidenhain Sherrington phenomenon . Vulpian was born in Paris , France , in 1826. Among other noted discoveries and experiments, Vulpian discovered adrenaline in the adrenal medulla . He was the first to use the term fibrillation to describe a chaotic irregular rhythm of the heart. ref Cardioversion Past, Present and Future. Cakulev I, Efimov I and Waldo A. Circulation 2009 120 1623 1632 ref Vulpian s monument in Paris Image Alfred Vulpian monument, rue Antoine Dubois, Paris.JPG thumb Vulpian s monument in Rue Antoine Dubois, Paris A big marble statue has been erected to Vulpian, just at the end of Rue Antoine Dubois, at little distance from the Faculty of Medicine in which he taught. In the basement, there is the following inscription sc vulpian . Bibliography Essai sur l origine r elle de plusieurs nerfs cr niens . Doctoral thesis, Paris, 1853. Note sur quelques r actions propres la substance des capsules surr nales. Comptes rendus de l Acad mie des Sciences , Paris, 1856, 43 663 665. Des pneumonies secondaires . Th se d agr gation, Paris, 1860. Le ons sur la physiologie g n rale et compar e du syst me nerveux, faites en 1864 au Mus um d histoire naturelle . Paris, Gerner Bailli re, 1866. Le ons sur l appareil vaso moteur physiologie et pathologie faites la Facult de M decine de Paris en 1873 . R dig es par H. C. Carville. Paris, Gerner Bailli re, 2 volumes, 1874 1875. Le ons sur la pathologie exp rimentale de l appareil digestif . Le ons sur l action physiologique des poisons et m dicaments, faites la Facult de m decine de Paris en 1875 . Journal de l cole de M decine. Maladies du syst me nerveux le ons profess es la Facult de M decine . 2 volumes, Paris, Doin, 1879 and 1886. References references External links http www.whonamedit.com ... more details
About a drink Refimprove date November 2007 File Underberg 4442963885 e200c994e2 t.jpg thumb Glass of Underberg with typical portion sized bottle Image Underberg 12x20ml.jpg thumb 220px right A metal case containing 12 little bottles of Underberg 2007 Edition Theme Greece Underberg is a digestif bitters bitter produced in Germany by Underberg AG, made of aromatic herbs from 43 countries. The exact number and identity of the herbs remain a well guarded secret. History It is based on a secret and proprietary recipe, guarded by the Underberg family since the company was founded by Hubert Underberg Albrecht in 1846. ref cite web title Semper idem since 1846 url https language.underberg.com pages content2.php?lang en&flash &sid &flash false&imgID &id 61 accessdate 2011 05 13 publisher Underberg.de ref The herbs are distillation distilled using a secret process denominated semper idem or always the same . The extracts are then matured for many months in barrels made of Slovenia n oak . Production ceased in 1939 due to lack of raw materials, only to be restarted in December 1949. The drink is usually associated with its famous portion sized 20 litre ml bottle, designed in 1949 by Emil Underberg, grandson of the founder. ref cite web title The Portion of Well Being url https language.underberg.com pages content.php?lang en&flash &sid &flash false&imgID &id 62 publisher Underberg.de accessdate 2011 05 13 ref The mini bottle is protected by a straw paper sleeve and the embossed Underberg label is glued on. All of its elements, including shape of the bottle, colour, packaging and the Underberg name are trade mark ed and copyright ed. The company has successfully defended its rights in over 1,200 court cases against other manufacturers. See also Kr uterlik r Becherovka Unicum References reflist External links commonscat inline http www.underberg.com Underberg official site coord 51 32 20 N 6 35 40 E region DE NW type landmark source kolossus dewiki display title Category German ... more details
For the Italian wine grape also known as Castelli Romani Trebbiano File Cartina Castelli Romani.jpg thumb right 300px A map showing the Castelli The Castelli Romani Castles of Rome is a group of communes in the province of Rome , Italy . They are located at short distance south east to Rome , at the feet of the Alban Hills . Overview The area of the Castelli occupies an ancient, fertile volcanic area which has allowed since ancient times a flourishing agriculture. The former crater is occupied by two lakes, the Lake of Nemi and that of Lake of Albano Albano . Starting from the Ancient Rome Romans , it was an area frequented by the noblemen of Rome for its fresher climate during summer the tradition was followed by the Popes which still have their summer residence in Castel Gandolfo , on the Lake Albano . Families which ruled in the castelli include Orsini , Colonna , Chigi , Aldobrandini and Ruspoli . Municipalities File Rocca Priora Castello.jpg thumb 300px The Savelli Castle in Rocca Priora File Castel Gandolfo e lago Albano 2 panorama.jpg thumb 300px The Lake Albano. In the background Castel Gandolfo The Castelli Romani are ref it icon http www.prontocastelli.it A list on prontocastelli.it ref Albano Laziale Ariccia Castel Gandolfo Ciampino Colonna RM Colonna Frascati Genzano di Roma Grottaferrata Lanuvio Lariano Marino, Italy Marino Monte Compatri Monte Porzio Catone Nemi Rocca di Papa Rocca Priora Velletri Cuisine and food The area is renowned for the production of wine, including the white wine of Frascati. Ariccia is celebrated for its porchetta roasted pork meat . Local sweets include maritozzo maritozzi , a kind of sweet bun. Pizzas here tend to be with a thin, crusty base typically Roman and rectangular, with portions often sold by weight, allowing a wider choice of flavours. Typical courses for a meal include starter, pasta, main course, dessert and coffee espresso , perhaps washed down with a sambuca, grappa or other digestif. References Reflist See also ... more details
Taxobox image Sepiola atlantica.jpg image caption Live specimen of Sepiola atlantica from the Belgian continental shelf. regnum Animal ia phylum Mollusca classis Cephalopod a ordo Sepiolida familia Sepiolidae subfamilia Sepiolinae genus Sepiola species S. atlantica binomial Sepiola atlantica binomial authority Alcide d Orbigny Orbigny , 1839 br in F russac & Orbigny, 1834 1848 synonyms Sepiola atlantica , also known as the Atlantic Bobtail , is a species of bobtail squid native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean 65 N to 35 N , from Iceland , the Faroe Islands and western Norway to the Morocco Moroccan coast. There is a single record of this species from the Mediterranean Sea . ref name Reid Reid, A. & P. Jereb 2005. Family Sepiolidae. In P. Jereb & C.F.E. Roper, eds. Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species known to date. Volume 1. Chambered nautiluses and sepioids Nautilidae, Sepiidae, Sepiolidae, Sepiadariidae, Idiosepiidae and Spirulidae . FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 4, Vol. 1. Rome, FAO. pp. 153 203. ref Image Faroe stamp 409 ten armed squid.jpg thumb left Sepiola atlantica appears on stamp FO 409 of the Faroe Islands . Both sexes of S. atlantica grow to around 21 mm in mantle mollusc mantle length. ref name Reid The type specimen was collected in the Bay of Biscay and is deposited at the Mus um National d Histoire Naturelle in Paris . ref http www.mnh.si.edu cephs newclass.pdf Current Classification of Recent Cephalopoda ref References references Further reading fr icon Adam, W. 1934. Notes sur les c phalopodes. IV. La variation de la radule chez Sepiola atlantica d Orbigny 1839. Bull. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat. de Belgique 10 24 1 4. fr icon Boucaud Camou, E. Les mucopolysaccharides dans le tube digestif de Sepiola atlantica d Orbigny. Archives De Zoologie Exp rimentale et G n rale 108 2 333 346. Duncan, G. & P.B. Pynsent 1979. An analysis of the wave forms of photoreceptor potentials in the retina of the cephal ... more details
taxobox image Jurubeba.JPG image caption Jurubeba regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Flowering plant Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Solanales familia Solanaceae genus Solanum species S. paniculatum binomial Solanum paniculatum binomial authority Carl Linneaus L. synonyms See Synonyms text Solanum paniculatum , commonly known as Jurubeba , is a Solanum nightshade common in almost all of Brazil . It is used as a Herbalism medicinal plant and has a bitter taste. Citation needed date February 2012 An infusion of its Plant stem stem and its root in sugar cane alcohol cacha a is popularly used as an ap ritif or a digestif . Synonyms Well known in its native range, this species has been described time and again under different now invalid names. Some of these are homonym s of other Solanum taxa . ref name ss2008 Solanaceae Source 2008 ref Solanum belfort small Vand. small Solanum belfortianum small Dunal small Solanum botelhianum small Dunal unjustified emendation small Solanum botelho small Vand. small Solanum chloroleucum small Dunal small Solanum dictyoticum small Roem. & Schult. small Solanum jubeba small Vell. small Solanum macronema small Sendtn. small Solanum manoelii small Moric. small Solanum reticulatum small Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. small nomen nudum or junior homonym Solanum reticulatum of Antoine Laurent de Jussieu de Jussieu from Michel F lix Dunal Dunal in A. P. de Candolle de Candolle is Solanum vellozianum S. vellozianum . Solanum reticulatum of Dunal in Jean Louis Marie Poiret Poiret is Solanum crotonoides S. crotonoides as described by Jean Baptiste Lamarck Lamarck Solanum rothelianum small Steud. lapsus small Two variety botany varieties were once recognized, but they are not generally considered valid anmyore ref name ss2008 Solanum paniculatum var. ellipticum small Chodat small Not to be confused with Solanum ellipticum S. ellipticum , described by Robert Brown botanist Brown . The S. ellipticum of Jos Mariano de Con ... more details
Other uses Galliano disambiguation Infobox beverage name Galliano image Image Galliano and glass.jpg 200px Galliano, in the bottle and in the glass type Liqueur abv 30 , 42.3 proof manufacturer Lucas Bols distributor Maxxium origin Italy introduced 1896 discontinued colour Yellow flavour Vanilla , herb s variants related website http www.galliano.com Galliano.com Liquore Galliano L Autentico , known more commonly as Galliano , is a sweet herbal liqueur , created in 1896 by Italians Italian distiller and brandy producer Arturo Vaccari of Livorno , Tuscany and named after Giuseppe Galliano , an Italian hero of the First Italo Ethiopian War . Its vivid yellow color, symbolizes the Gold rush Rushes of the 1890s Gold Rushes of the 1890s. Galliano has a large amount of natural ingredients including vanilla , star anise , Mediterranean anise , ginger , citrus , juniper, musk yarrow, and lavender. Neutral alcohol is infused with the pressings from the herbs except vanilla. The liquid is distilled and then infused with pressed vanilla. In the final stage distilled water, refined sugar and pure neutral alcohol are blended with the base. Galliano has been formulated at both 60 Proof alcohol proof 30 by volume and 84.6 proof 42.3 by volume . Galliano is sweet with vanilla anise flavor with subtle citrus and woodsy herbal under notes. The vanilla Note perfumery top note differentiates Galliano from other anise flavored liqueurs such as Sambuca , Pernod , or Anisette . It is used both as a digestif meant for drinking after heavy meals , and as an ingredient for cocktails, most notably the Harvey Wallbanger , Golden Cadillac , and Golden dream cocktail Golden Dream . The Galliano brand is currently owned by Dutch distiller Lucas Bols , and marketed through its worldwide distribution joint venture, Maxxium . Galliano is packaged in a distinctively shaped bottle, reminiscent of a classical Roman Column Classical orders column . ref cite web last first authorlink coauthors title Gall ... more details
Use dmy dates date April 2011 Infobox Beverage name Cointreau image Image Liqueur Cointreau Imported 45 degrees.jpg 200px type Liqueur abv 40 proof 80 US br 70 UK manufacturer R my Cointreau distributor origin Angers , France introduced 1875 discontinued colour colourless flavor Orange variants related Cointreau IPA fr kw .t o pron is a brand of triple sec produced in Saint Barth lemy d Anjou , France. It is drunk as an ap ritif and digestif , citation needed date November 2011 and is a component of several well known cocktails . It was originally called Cura ao Blanco Triple Sec . ref Alexis Lichine , Cfr. Enciclopedia del vino y alcoholes de todos los pa ses. Traducci n castellana. Barcelona 1987, p. 236 ref Production Cointreau Distillery was set up in 1849 by Adolphe Cointreau, a confectioner , and his brother Edouard Jean Cointreau from Angers . Their first success was with the cherry liqueur guignolet , but they found success when they blended sweet and bitter orange peels and pure alcohol from sugar beet s. The first bottles of Cointreau were sold in 1875. These days, an estimated 13 million bottles are sold each year, and in more than 150 countries. Ninety percent of production is exported. Cointreau & Cie SA was family owned until 1990, when it merged with R my Martin to form R my Cointreau , now a publicly traded company. ref http www.remy cointreau.com en le groupe history key dates History section of R my Cointreau web site ref The production methods and recipe are a family trade secret secret , but tours of the facility are open to the public. Photography is restricted in many areas to protect the production process from being copied. Cointreau sources its bitter orange s from all over the world, usually Spain, Brazil, Haiti and Ghana . Citation needed date November 2011 Cocktails In addition to being consumed Straight up bartending neat or often on ice , Cointreau is at the heart of many famous cocktail s. Several recipes claiming to be the original M ... more details
Image MastichatoDrink.jpg thumb right Greece s Chio Masticha Ouzo and Masticha Liqueur Macedonian cuisine Mastika lang el , mast cha lang bg , mastika lang mk , mastika is a liquor seasoned with Mastic plant resin mastic , a resin gathered from the Pistacia lentiscus mastic tree , a small evergreen tree native to the Mediterranean region. The name of the resin, whence the name of the drink, is derived from the Greek to chew, to gnash the teeth . Local varieties Greece In Greece two such drinks are known under the umbrella term masticha one, Mastichato Chiou or Chios Mastiha , is a brandy based liqueur native to the island of Chios, and mastic resin has traditionally been cultivated on the island of Chios . ref The Magic Tree Marvelous Masticha , Epikouria Magazine, Fall Winter 2005 ref It often accompanies desserts made with almonds and is served at wedding feasts as a digestif . It has a sweet smell and flavour similar to liquorice . The other is a strong spirit similar to ouzo or tsikoudia . It is served cold or at room temperature but usually with ice. Both turn white when poured over ice or mixed with water the louche , and form small crystals when frozen. They are served with various meze des appetizers such as octopus, salad, sardines, calamari, fried zucchini, and clams, among others. Bulgaria In Bulgaria mastika is a strong anise flavoured drink, consumed chilled. Mastika is often combined with menta , a mint liqueur, to make a traditional cocktail called cloud . According to Bulgarian law, Mastika is an alcoholic drink with minimum 47 vol. of alcohol, made of natural ethanol flavoured with anethole , extracted by rectification of essential oils from star anise Illicium verum , anise Pimpinella anissum , fennel Foeniculum vulgare or other plant, containing the same aroma component with concentration at least of 2,5 grams per litre, sugar at least 40 grams per litre, with or without addition of Mastic plant resin mastic and or aroma de ... more details
Orphan date September 2010 Refimprove date September 2010 Infobox company company name Angelli Spumante & Aperitive company logo company type Private foundation 1994 location Bucharest , Romania key people Alin Ursu CEO num employees 120 revenue profit 20 million industry alcohol homepage http www.angelli.ro Angelli Spumante & Aperitive is one of the most important producers of alcoholic beverages in Romania , holder of the Angelli brand, leader on the sparkling wine market with a 70 share. ref cite web url http www.zf.ro companii alin ursu angelli tot ce pierdem pe intern castigam la export 5060029 title Alin Ursu, Angelli Tot ce pierdem pe intern castigam la export publisher Ziarul Financiar language Romanian accessdate 2010 08 29 ref The company is based in Bucharest . It was established in 1994 as Astese Production SRL but changed its name to Angelli Spumante & Aperitive in 2009. The company ownes a production facility located in Bucharest, that was built in 1999, with a capacity of 80,000 bottles per day. ref cite web url http www.zf.ro companii angelli spune ca posibilitatile reale de crestere sunt la export 5974158 title Angelli spune ca posibilitatile reale de crestere sunt la export publisher Ziarul Financiar language Romanian accessdate 2010 08 29 ref Activity Built in 1999, the company s factory located in Bucharest near the A1 motorway Romania A1 motorway covers a surface area of convert 25000 sqm sqft and has a production capacity of 80,000 bottles per day, is one of the most modern alcohol producing facility in Europe . ref name history cite web url http www.angelli.ro en company history.html title Company history publisher Angelli Spumante & Aperitive language Romanian accessdate 2010 08 29 ref The company produces sparkling wine under the Angelli, Angelli Superiore Cuvee Nobiliar, Ador and Vinarte Cuvee d Oro brands, fruit cocktail s, vermouth , Ap ritif and digestif aperitifs and List of liqueurs liqueurs . ref cite web url http www.angelli.ro en pr ... more details
pp move indef Infobox Beverage name J germeister image Image Jagermeister bottle.jpg 250px type Digestif abv 35 proof 70 manufacturer Mast J germeister SE distributor origin Wolfenb ttel , Lower Saxony , Germany introduced 1935 discontinued color Dark brown variants related J germeister IPAc en icon j e r m a s t r or respell YAY g r my st r IPA de j ma st is a German 70 proof 35 abv digestif ref http www.drinksint.com news fullstory.php aid 61 The bitter truth.html The bitter truth , Drinks International, 1 October 2007 ref made with 56 different herb s and spice s. It is the flagship product of Mast J germeister Mast J germeister SE , headquartered in Wolfenb ttel , south of Braunschweig , Lower Saxony , Germany . History The term J germeister was introduced in Germany in 1934 in the new Reichsjagdgesetz Imperial Hunting Laws . The term was applied to senior foresters and gamekeepers in the German civil service , while the topmost gamekeeper was Reichsj germeister Hermann G ring . Thus, when the liquor was introduced in 1935, the name was already familiar to Germans and was occasionally called G ring Schnapps . Further conjunctions to the Nazi Regime, including the circumstances of naming the liquor are obscure, while G nter Mast, a nephew of Curt Mast, stated, his uncle was no convinced Nazi, but came to terms with the Regime, just like he did later with the British occupying forces, though this might be questionable for some people. Nowadays J germeister , or derived Meisterj ger , is known to be a code among the German extremist right. ref Karl Otto Albrecht, Ingo Dortelmann http www.tino.li Picks Archiv Rechtsextreme 2003 10 Albrecht.pdf Rechtsradikale Musik wie erkennen? PDF ref Curt Mast, the original distiller of J germeister, was an enthusiastic hunter. ref cite web url http www.jager.com default.aspx?sid 0eehzh55rdoihv45mqwbtdqd us en story Company ... as a digestif and as a cough remedy. ref cite web url http www.wineandalcohol.com alcohol jagermeister ... more details
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