Chembox verifiedrevid 486386654 ImageFile Dimethyl trisulfide.svg ImageSize ImageAlt ImageFile1 Dimethyl trisulfide DFT Mercury 3D balls.png IUPACName methyltrisulfanyl methane OtherNames 2,3,4 trithiapentane Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 3658 80 8 PubChem 19310 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 18219 SMILES S SSC C InChI 1 C2H6S3 c1 3 5 4 2 h1 2H3 InChIKey YWHLKYXPLRWGSE UHFFFAOYAF StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C2H6S3 c1 3 5 4 2 h1 2H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey YWHLKYXPLRWGSE UHFFFAOYSA N Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 2 sub H sub 6 sub S sub 3 sub MolarMass 126.26 g mol Appearance Density 1.1978 g cm sup 3 sup MeltingPt 68.05 C BoilingPt 170 C 65 68 C 25 Torr Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Dimethyl trisulfide DMTS is an organic compound organic chemical compound and the simplest organic trisulfide. ref name Clennan1998 ref name Steudel2002 It is a flammable liquid with a foul odor, which is detectable at levels as low as 1 part per trillion. ref name Shirasu2009 Occurrence Dimethyl trisulfide has been found in volatiles ... attractant for blowflies looking for hosts. Dimethyl trisulfide along with dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide have been confirmed as volatile compounds given off by the fly attracting ... C, DMTS slowly decomposes to a mixture of dimethyl di , tri , and tetrasulfides. ref name Pickering1967 ... Clennan1998 Dimethyl tetrasulfide, which is thermally more reactive than dimethyl trisulfide, has a still ... 3 sub . ref name Auger1985 Uses Trap baits containing dimethyl trisulfide have been used to capture ..., and Sissel Barli Evensen. Dimethyl trisulphide is a strong attractant for some calliphorids and a muscid ... Nagai, Shunji Hayashi, Ryuichi Ochiai, Atsushi Touhara, Kazushige title Dimethyl trisulfide as a characteristic ... Iwata and Nami Goto Yamamoto title Screening and Identification of Precursor Compounds of Dimethyl ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE 5, N Dimethyl N isopropyltryptamine Drugbox verifiedrevid 426279925 IUPAC name isopropyl 2 1 H indol 3 yl ethyl methylamine image 5 Me MiPT.svg width 200px drug name 5, N Dimethyl N isopropyltryptamine Clinical data tradename pregnancy AU pregnancy US pregnancy category legal AU legal CA legal UK legal US legal status routes of administration Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers CAS number 127506 99 4 ATC prefix ATC suffix PubChem ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 25991466 Chemical data C 15 H 22 N 2 molecular weight 230.36 g mol smiles CC C N C CCc1cnc cc2 c1cc2C StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C15H22N2 c1 11 2 17 4 8 7 13 10 16 15 6 5 12 3 9 14 13 15 h5 6,9 11,16H,7 8H2,1 4H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey SDMXVRZAGORZLX UHFFFAOYSA N melting point melting high 5, N dimethyl N isopropyltryptamine 5 Me MIPT is a tryptamine derivative that is thought to be a hallucinogenic drug. It was first made in 1989. In vitro binding experiments on brain homogenates showed it to have a binding affinity between that of N Methyl N isopropyltryptamine MIPT and 5 MeO MIPT , ref cite journal doi 10.1016 0028 3908 90 90001 8 author McKenna DJ, Repke DB, Peroutka SJ title Differential interactions of indolealkylamines with 5 hydroxytryptamine receptor subtypes journal Neuropharmacology volume 29 issue 3 pages 193 198 year 1989 pmid 2139186 ref both of which are known to be active hallucinogens in humans. References reflist DEFAULTSORT Dimethyl N isopropyltryptamine, 5,N hallucinogen stub hallucinogenic tryptamines Category Psychedelic tryptamines ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid ImageFile Tetraglyme.svg ImageSize 300px IUPACName 2,5,8,11,14 Pentaoxapentadecane OtherNames Bis 2 2 methoxyethoxy ethyl ether, Tetraglyme, Dimethoxytetraglycol Section1 Chembox Identifiers Abbreviations TEGDME, E181 CASNo Ref cascite CASNo 143 24 8 EINECS 205 594 7 PubChem 8925 SMILES COCCOCCOCCOCCOC InChI RTECS MeSHName ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG ATCCode prefix ATCCode suffix ATC Supplemental Section2 Chembox Properties C 10 O 5 H 22 Appearance Colorless liquid Density 1.009 g mL MeltingPtC 30 Melting notes BoilingPtC 275 Boiling notes Solubility SolubleOther Solvent pKa pKb Section4 Chembox Thermochemistry DeltaHf 1134.6 kJ mol DeltaHc 6196.5 kJ mol Section7 Chembox Hazards ExternalMSDS EUClass Irritant Xi EUIndex MainHazards NFPA H 0 NFPA F 1 NFPA R 0 NFPA O RPhrases R19 , R43 SPhrases S24 , S36 RSPhrases FlashPt 141 C Autoignition ExploLimits PEL Section8 Chembox Related OtherAnions OtherCations OtherFunctn glycol ethers Function OtherCpds Tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether is a polar aprotic solvent with excellent chemical and thermal stability. Its high boiling point and stability makes it an ideal candidate for separation processes and high temperature reactions. TEGDME is also used in Lithium ion battery technology and combined with Trifluoroethanol as a working pair for organic absorption heat pump s. References http www.novolyte.com technical resources performance materials data sheets tetraglyme.aspx Novolyte data sheet http www.sigmaaldrich.com catalog DisplayMSDSContent.do Sigma Aldrich MSDS http datasheets.scbt.com sc 213018.pdf Santa Cruz Biotechnology MSDS http www.chemblink.com products 143 24 8.htm Chemblink cite journal format Review author Hyo Jun Ahn, Ki Won Kim, Jou Hyun Ahn, Kwon Koo Cho, Tae Hyun Nam, Jong Uk Kim, Gyu Bong Cho Ho Suk Ryu title Discharge behavior of lithium sulfur cell with TEGDME based electrolyte at low temperature journal Journal of Power Sources yea ... more details
Chembox verifiedrevid 393876247 ImageFile1 Chloro dimethyl sulfide gold I .png ImageSize1 ImageAlt1 structural formula of the title molecule ImageFile2 Chloro dimethyl sulfide gold I from xtal 1988 CM 3D shiny balls.png ImageSize2 ImageAlt2 ball and stick model of the molecule derived from the crystal structure IUPACName OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 29892 37 3 PubChem SMILES Section2 Chembox Properties Au 1 C 2 H 6 Cl 1 S 1 MolarMass Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards EUClass Hazchem Xi RPhrases R36 37 38 SPhrases S26 S36 Autoignition Section7 Chembox Other OtherCpds chloro tetrahydrothiophene gold I Chloro dimethyl sulfide gold I is an coordination complex of gold . It is a white solid. This compound is a common entry point into gold chemistry. Structure As for many other gold I complexes, the compound adopts a nearly linear 176.9 geometry about the central gold centre. The Au S bond distance is 2.271 2 , which is similar to other gold I sulfur bonds. ref cite journal journal Acta Cryst. C volume 44 issue 12 year 1988 pages 2089 2091 doi 10.1107 S0108270188009151 title Chloro dimethyl sulfide gold I author P. G. Jones and J. Lautner ref Preparation Chloro dimethyl sulfide gold I is commercially available. It may be prepared by dissolving gold in aqua regia to give chloroauric acid , followed by addition of dimethyl sulfide . ref cite journal doi 10.1039 b005251p journal J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. issue 24 year 2000 pages 4601 4606 title Luminescent gold I macrocycles with diphosphine and 4,4 bipyridyl ligands author Marie Claude Brandys , Michael C. Jennings and Richard J. Puddephatt ref Alternatively, sodium tetrachloroaurate may be used as the source of gold III . ref cite journal doi 10.1055 s 2007 984501 title ... 2 sub H sub 2 sub O &rarr Me sub 2 sub SAuCl 3 HCl OSMe sub 2 sub Reactions In chloro dimethyl sulfide gold I , the dimethyl sulfide ligand is easily displaced by other ligands Me sub 2 sub SAuCl L &rarr ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE C sub 2 sub H sub 6 sub OS C sub 2 sub H sub 6 sub OS may refer to Compounds sharing the molecular formula Dimethyl sulfoxide 2 Mercaptoethanol MolFormDisambig heading 2 fr C2H6OS sr C2H6OS ... more details
DMSO may refer to Dimethylsulfoxide Defense Modeling and Simulation Office Disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. sr DMSO sv DMSO zh DMSO ... more details
In inorganic chemistry , a homoleptic chemical compound is a metal compound with all ligand s identical. ref GoldBookRef title homoleptic file H02850 ref The term uses a homo prefix to indicate that something is the same for all. Some compounds with names that suggest that they are homoleptic are in fact heteroleptic, because they have ligands in them which are not featured in the name. For instance dialkyl magnesium complexes which are found in the Chemical equilibrium equilibrium which exists in a solution of a Grignard reagent in an ether , have two ether ligands attached to each magnesium centre. Another example is a solution of trimethyl aluminium in an ether solvent such as THF , similar chemistry should be expected for a triaryl or trialkyl borane . Any metal species which has more than one type of ligand is heteroleptic It is possible for some ligands such as dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO to bind with two or more different coordination modes. It would still be reasonable to consider a complex which has only type of ligand but with different coordination modes to be homoleptic. For the complex dichlorotetrakis dimethyl sulfoxide ruthenium II , DMSO coordinates via both sulfur and oxygen atoms. Examples Chromium carbonyl Ferrocyanide Iron pentacarbonyl Nickel carbonyl Tetrakis triphenylphosphine palladium 0 Ferrocene Uranium hexafluoride tetraethyl lead tetramethyl lead tetrabutyl tin trimethylaluminium dimethylmercury Diethylzinc triethylborane Chromate Permanganate Ferroin Iron bis terpyridine References references Category Organometallic chemistry Category Inorganic chemistry ja ... more details
by dimethylsulfoxide activated by oxalyl chloride year 1978 journal J. Org. Chem. volume 43 issue ..., A. J. Daniel Swern Swern, D. title Activated dimethylsulfoxide Useful reagents for synthesis journal ... author Tidwell, T. T. title Oxidation of alcohols by activated dimethylsulfoxide and related reactions ... reaction of dimethylsulfoxide DMSO , 1a , formally as resonance chemistry resonance contributor ... Dimethyl Ethyl S 4 formyl 2,2 dimethyl 3 oxazolidinecarboxylate by Oxidation of the Alcohol collvol ... are dimethyl sulfide Me sub 2 sub S , carbon monoxide CO , carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub ..., dimethyl sulfide and carbon monoxide , are very toxic volatile compounds, so the reaction and the work up needs to be performed in a fume hood. Dimethyl sulfide is a volatile liquid B.P. 37 ... ylide 7 . In a five membered ring transition state , the sulfur ylide 7 decomposes to give dimethyl ... from dimethyl sulfide and N Chlorosuccinimide N chlorosuccinimide the Corey Kim oxidation . In some ... can mitigate this side reaction. Considerations Dimethyl sulfide , a byproduct of the Swern oxidation ... used glassware with bleach usually containing sodium hypochlorite , which will oxidize the dimethyl ... more details
, sucrose, and sodium phosphates. Common cryoprotectants col begin col 2 Dimethylsulfoxide DMSO dimethylsulfoxide Ethylene glycol Glycerol col 2 2 Methyl 2,4 pentanediol MPD Propylene glycol Sucrose ... more details
Kornblum may refer to Science Kornblum oxidation Kornblum Oxidation A chemical reaction of a primary halide with dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO to form an aldehyde. Kornblum DeLaMare rearrangement Kornblum DeLaMare Rearrangement A rearrangement reaction in organic chemistry in which a primary or secondary organic peroxide is converted to the corresponding ketone and alcohol under base catalysis. People Allan Kornblum United States Magistrate Judge Janet Kornblum A reporter for USA Today . Jesse Kornblum A computer forensics researcher John C. Kornblum A former United States Ambassador to Germany US Ambassador to Germany . surname Kornblum Category German language surnames Category Jewish surnames de Kornblum ... more details
Chembox verifiedrevid 443585497 ImageFile Deuterated DMSO.svg ImageSize 200px ImageName Wireframe of deuterated DMSO PIN Trideuterio trideuteriomethylsulfinyl methane SystematicName sup 2 sup H sub 3 sub Methanesulfinyl sup 2 sup H sub 3 sub methane OtherNames Deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide Section1 Chembox Identifiers Abbreviations DMSO d6 InChI1 1 C2H6OS c1 4 2 3 h1 2H3 i1D3,2D3 InChIKey1 IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ WFGJKAKNEE CASNo Ref cascite correct ?? CASNo 2206 27 1 PubChem 75151 PubChem Comment anhydrate PubChem Ref Pubchemcite ChemSpiderID 67699 ChemSpiderID Comment anhydrate ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider EINECS 218 617 0 RTECS PV6210000 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C2H6OS c1 4 2 3 h1 2H3 i1D3,2D3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ WFGJKAKNSA N SMILES 2H C 2H 2H S O C 2H 2H 2H InChI 1S C2H6OS c1 4 2 3 h1 2H3 i1D3,2D3 InChIKey IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ WFGJKAKNSA N Beilstein 1237248 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 2 sub D sub 6 sub OS MolarMass 84.17 g mol ExactMass 84.051596 u Appearance Density MeltingPt C BoilingPt C Solubility Deuterated DMSO , also known as dimethyl sulfoxide d sub 6 sub , is an isotopologue of dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO, CH sub 3 sub sub 2 sub S O with chemical formula CD sub 3 sub sub 2 sub S O in which the hydrogen atoms H are replaced with their isotope deuterium D . Deuterated DMSO is a common solvent used in NMR spectroscopy . Production Deuterated DMSO is produced by heating DMSO in heavy water D sub 2 sub O with a basic catalyst such as calcium oxide . The reaction does not give complete conversion to the d sub 6 sub product, and the water produced must be removed and replaced with D sub 2 sub O several times to drive the Chemical equilibrium equilibrium to the fully deuterated product. ref Fruhstorfer, Wolfgang Hampel, Bruno, E. Merck A. G. 1964 Hexadeuterodimethyl sulfoxide. DE 1171422 B ref Use in NMR Spectroscopy Pure deuterated DMSO shows no peaks in sup ... more details
DMSO reductase is a molybdenum containing enzyme capable of reducing dimethylsulfoxide DMSO to dimethyl sulfide DMS . This enzyme serves as the terminal Oxidoreductase reductase under anaerobic conditions in some bacteria, with DMSO being the terminal electron acceptor. During the course of the reaction, the oxygen atom in DMSO is transferred to molybdenum, and then is subsequently removed from molybdenum as water. Image DMSO reductase reaction.png thumb 500px none The reaction catalyzed by DMSO reductase. Active site and mechanism The active site contains a molybdopterin containing core that supports molybdenum in its highest oxidation state Mo sup VI sup . The proposed mechanism of DMSO reductase cycles molybdenum between the 4 and 6 oxidation states. Image DMSO reductase mechanism.png thumb 500px none The proposed mechanism of DMSO reductase. References cite journal author Kisker, C. Schindelin, H. Baas, D. R tey, J. Meckenstock, R.U. Kroneck, P.M.H. title A structural comparison of molybdenum cofactor containing enzymes journal FEMS Microbiol. Rev. year 1999 volume 22 pages 503 521 doi 10.1111 j.1574 6976.1998.tb00384.x pmid 9990727 issue 5 PMID 9990727 Category Oxidoreductases Category Metalloproteins Category Molybdenum compounds pt DMSO redutase ... more details
25 Section8 Chembox Related Function OtherFunctn OtherCpds Dimethylsulfoxide DMSO br dimethyl sulfide br dimethyl sulfate br sulfolane Methylsulfonylmethane MSM is an organosulfur compound with the chemical ... , and the corresponding sulfoxidedimethylsulfoxide , chem Me 2 SO , have different physical properties ... suggested that MSM has anti inflammatory effects. ref Morton JI, Siegel BV. Effects of oral dimethylsulfoxide and dimethyl sulfone on murine autoimmune lymphoproliferative disease. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1986 183 227 30. PMID 3489943 ref The spectrum of biological effects of dimethylsulfoxide DMSO ... S, Snyder R. Biological effects of the metabolites of dimethylsulfoxide. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1975 ... of the nutritional supplements dimethylsulfoxide DMSO and methylsulfonylmethane MSM in the treatment ..., the FDA approved dimethylsulfoxide DMSO for instillation into the bladder as a treatment for interstitial ... including DMSO2, methyl sulfone, and dimethyl sulfone. ref http www.gaylordchemical.com bulletins ... standard conditions. The sulfoxide is a highly polar aprotic solvent and is miscible with water it is also ... is already in its highest oxidation state 8 . Indeed oxidation of the sulfoxide produces the sulfone ... Kocienski, Dimethyl Sulfone in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis 2001 John Wiley & Sons ... ingredient in DMSO treatments. ref Childs SJ. Dimethyl sulfone DMSO2 in the treatment of interstitial ... of dimethyl sulfone in the human brain by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn ... UF, Tangerman A, Willemsen MA, Moskau D, Loss S, Mudd SH, Wevers RA. Dimethyl sulfone in human ... more details
ATC codes lead M 02 Topical products for joint and muscular pain vet add anchor M02A M02A Topical products for joint and muscular pain anchor M02AA M02AA Anti inflammatory preparations, non steroids for topical use M02AA01 Phenylbutazone M02AA02 Mofebutazone M02AA03 Clofezone M02AA04 Oxyphenbutazone M02AA05 Benzydamine M02AA06 Etofenamate M02AA07 Piroxicam M02AA08 Felbinac M02AA09 Bufexamac M02AA10 Ketoprofen M02AA11 Bendazac M02AA12 Naproxen M02AA13 Ibuprofen M02AA14 Fentiazac M02AA15 Diclofenac M02AA16 Feprazone M02AA17 Niflumic acid M02AA18 Meclofenamic acid M02AA19 Flurbiprofen M02AA21 Tolmetin M02AA22 Suxibuzone M02AA23 Indometacin M02AA24 Nifenazone M02AA25 Aceclofenac M02AA26 Nimesulide QM02AA99 Antiinflammatory preparations, non steroids for topical use, combinations anchor M02AB M02AB Capsaicin and similar agents M02AB01 Capsaicin M02AB02 Zucapsaicin anchor M02AC M02AC Preparations with salicylic acid derivatives QM02AC99 Preparations with salicylic acid derivatives, combinations anchor QM02AQ QM02AQ Blistering agent s anchor M02AX M02AX Other topical products for joint and muscular pain M02AX02 Tolazoline M02AX03 Dimethyl sulfoxide M02AX05 Idrocilamide M02AX10 Various QM02AX53 Dimethyl sulfoxide, combinations References Reflist Topical products for joint and muscular pain NSAIDs Category ATC codes M02 ca Codi ATC M02 cs ATC k d M02 es Anexo C digo ATC M02 ko ATC M02 hu ATC M02 Az z leti s izomf jdalmak kezel s nek helyi k sz tm nyei pl ATC M02 ro Cod ATC M02 sr ATC kod M02 sv ATC kod M02 Utv rtes medel vid led och muskelsm rtor th ATC M02 ... more details
The Kolbe nitrile synthesis is a method for the preparation of nitrile alkyl nitriles by reaction of the corresponding organohalide alkylhalide with a metal cyanide ref Organikum, 22. Edition German , Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2004, ISBN 3 527 31148 3 ref . A side product for this reaction is the formation of an isonitrile because the cyanide ion is an ambident nucleophile and according to Kornblum s rule is capable of reacting with either carbon or nitrogen. The reaction is named after Hermann Kolbe . File Kolbe Nitrile Synthesis.png 600px center Kolbe nitrile synthesis The ratio in which both isomer s form depends on the solvent and the reaction mechanism . With the application of alkali cyanides such as sodium cyanide and polar solvents the reaction type is an SN2 reaction S sub N sub 2 reaction whereby the alkylhalide is attacked by the more nucleophilic carbon atom of the cyanide ion. This type of reaction together with dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent is a convenient method for the synthesis of nitriles. ref cite journal title Preparation of Nitriles from Halides and Sodium Cyanide. An Advantageous Nucleophilic Displacement in Dimethyl Sulfoxide author L. Friedman, Harold Shechter journal Journal of Organic Chemistry pages 877 879 doi 10.1021 jo01076a001 year 1960 volume 25 issue 6 ref When silver cyanide is reacted with diethyl ether as a solvent the reaction runs according to an SN1 reaction S sub N sub 1 reaction mechanism the product is mainly isonitrile due to the attack of the more nucleophilic nitrogen atom. In particular primary alkyl halogenides and benzyl halogenides give good chemical yield s when reacted with alkali cyanides to form nitriles. Secondary alkylhalides, on the other hand, only react to form undesirable tertiary halides. Once formed the nitriles can be converted to the corresponding carboxylic acid s by hydrolysis and then to more functional group s. In this way the Kolbe Nitrile synthesis is an important method in homologization . References ... more details
lead rewrite date June 2011 merge to Interventional radiology date June 2011 About the embolic agent Onyx disambiguation In interventional radiology Onyx is a trade name for a copolymer uesd for Embolisation embolisation therapy ref http www.ev3.net neuro us liquid embolics onyx liquid embolic system.htm Onyx Liquid Embolic System Ev3 Inc. website Marketing page for the Onyx product ref , which involves the occlusion of Blood vessel blood vessels . It is a Embolisation Agents liquid embolic agent . Onyx is produced and sold by Covidien which acquired ev3 Inc., the original developer of Onyx, in 2010 . Components Onyx consists of EVOH Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer , soluted in Dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide DMSO . Depending on the desired character of the liquid, the concentration can be varied For example 6 EVOH trade name Onyx 18 or 8 EVOH trade name Onyx 34 . Micronized tantalum powder is added in order to maintain Radiopacity . ref http www.ajnr.org cgi reprint 30 1 99 Embolization of Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations with Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Onyx . American Journal of Neuroradiology 30 99 106, January 2009. ref Approval Onyx was approved as Humanitarian Use Device HUD for the treatment of Intracranial berry aneurysm saccular aneurysms that are not surgically removable by the Food and Drug Administration Food and Drug Administration FDA in the USA on April 11, 2007. ref http www.fda.gov MedicalDevices ProductsandMedicalProcedures DeviceApprovalsandClearances Recently ApprovedDevices ucm077016.htm FDA approval overview ref ref http www.accessdata.fda.gov cdrh docs pdf6 h060003a.pdf Approval letter from FDA to Ev3 Neurovascular ref References Reflist Categories Category Interventional radiology de Onyx Interventionelle Radiologie ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2007 Skin absorption is a route by which substances can enter the body through the skin . Along with inhalation , ingestion and Injection medicine injection , dermis dermal absorption is a route of exposure for toxic substances and route of administration for medication . Absorption of substances through the skin depends on a number of factors, the most important of which are concentration , duration of contact, solubility of medication , and physical condition of the skin and part of the body exposed. Substances called carriers help other substances penetrate the skin to make them more readily absorbed. Dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO is a carrier that is frequently used to transport medication through the skin. This allows treatment to be localized, unlike with ingestion. Alongside that, certain medications seem to be more effective or are more efficient using this route of administration, while it still remains clear that others are not. See also Absorption pharmacokinetics Category Skin physiology ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 378318512 Name Citrazinic acid ImageFile Citrazinic.png ImageSize 160px ImageName IUPACName OtherNames 2,6 Dihydroxyisonicotinic acid 2,6 Dihydroxypyridine 4 carboxylic acid Section1 Chembox Identifiers SMILES CASNo 99 11 6 RTECS Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 6 sub H sub 5 sub NO sub 4 sub MolarMass 155.11 g mol Appearance yellow powder Density Solubility Slightly, with hydrolysis MeltingPt 300 C decomp. BoilingPt Section7 Chembox Hazards ExternalMSDS MainHazards NFPA H NFPA R NFPA F FlashPt RPhrases SPhrases Section8 Chembox Related Function OtherFunctn Citrazinic acid is a heterocyclic compound consisting of a dihydro pyridine ring derived from citric acid . The yellow solid exists as multiple tautomer s as seen also for the simpler 2 pyridone . Citrazinic acid is very sparingly soluble in water, acid and methanol but is soluble in basic solutions eg. ammonia water . For NMR purposes it is also sparingly soluble in d6 dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO 2H, 6.20 ppm . Category Carboxylic acids Category 2 Pyridones fa ... more details
95020 4 title Preparation and reactions of the mono and dialkali salts of dimethyl sulfone, dimethylsulfoxide, and related compounds author1 Kaiser, E. M author2 Beard, R. D author3 Hauser, C. R ref in dimethylsulfoxide DMSO . CH sub 3 sub SOCH sub 3 sub NaH &rarr CH sub 3 sub SOCH sub 2 sub sup ... bulletin110b Bulletin110B.pdf title The DimethylSulfoxide DMSO Anion Dimsyl Ion year 2007 month ... more details
The Kornblum oxidation , named after Nathan Kornblum , is a chemical reaction of a primary halide with Dimethylsulfoxidedimethylsulfoxide DMSO to form an aldehyde . ref cite doi 10.1021 ja01524a080 ref ref cite doi 10.1021 ja01581a057 ref ref Dave, P. Byun, H. S. Engel, R. Synth. Commun. 1986 , 16 , 1343. ref Image Kornblum Oxidation Scheme.png center 500px The Kornblum Oxidation Mechanism Like all DMSO based oxidation s, the Kornblum oxidation creates an alkoxysulphonium ion , which, in the presence of a base, such as Triethylamine triethylamine Et sub 3 sub N , will Elimination reaction eliminate to form the desired aldehyde. File Mecanismo de reacci n de Kornblum.png center Alterations There are a number of variants and alternatives of the Kornblum oxidation. These alterations include using silver assisted DMSO oxidations, the use of amine oxide s as oxidants occasionally called the Ganem oxidation , the use of Pyridine N oxide Pyridine N oxide or 2 Methylpyridine N oxide 2 picoline N oxide and a base, the use of metal nitrates, Sommelet oxidation , and Kr hnke oxidation . ref cite book authors K rti, L szl , and Barbara Czak . title Strategic Applications of Named Reactions in Organic Synthesis Background and Detailed Mechanisms publisher Elsevier Academic Press date 2005 isbn 0124297854 page 250 ref The Kornblum oxidation can be also be effected through the use of microwave assistance. Microwave assisted organic synthesis of the Kornblum oxidation has been shown to increase yield and decrease the reaction time through elimination of an unnecessary intermediate. The microwaves cause the solvent to reach boiling its boiling point much sooner, possibly leading to evaporation of the dimethyl thioether , therefore reducing any byproducts of the starting material reacting with the thioether. In usual heating, some aliphatic chlorides give low yields or no results at all, but with microwave assisted radiation, they can give intermediate yields. Applications References ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
