Unreferenced date December 2009 In process theology dipolartheism is the position that in order to conceive a perfect God, one must conceive Him as embodying the good in sometimes opposing characteristics, and therefore cannot be understood to embody only one set of characteristics. For instance, here are some characteristics commonly associated with God One Many Transcendent Immanent Eternal Temporal Mutable Immutable Merciful Just Simple Complex Dipolartheism holds that in each pair, both of the characteristics contain some element of good. In order to embody all perfections, therefore, God must embody the good in both characteristics, and cannot be limited to one, because a God limited to one would suffer the limits of the one, and lack the good in the other. For instance, there is a good in being just, and also a good in being merciful. In being just, God determines that the good are rewarded and the evil are punished. In being merciful, God forgives those who sin. It follows, therefore, that a God that was only just or only merciful would be less than perfect. Dipolartheism holds that a perfect God must embody the good in both of those characteristics. Thus, a perfect God has the good characteristics of justice and the good characteristics of mercy. Alternatively, there is good in having absolute power, and good in leading by persuasion. For a God to be perfect, he cannot rule solely by predestination , because then he would lack the good possessed by a God who led by persuasion. God must therefore embody the good in both power and persuasion. From this conclusion, some reject the existence of an omnipotent God. Critique of dipolartheism Those rejecting dipolartheism argue that it fails to distinguish between what we think God is and what God actually is. Just because we think God should be a certain way in order to embody our idea of perfection does not mean ... DipolarTheism Category Philosophy of religion Category Theism Category Process theology ... more details
God Theism , in the broadest sense, is the belief that at least one deity exists. ref cite web url http www.merriam webster.com dictionary theism title Merriam Webster Online Dictionary accessdate 2011 03 18 ref In a more specific sense, theism is a doctrine concerning the nature of a monotheistic God and God s relationship to the universe . ref The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, Second Edition , OUP ref ref The Oxford Dictionary of World Religions 1997 . ref ref Encyclop dia Britannica . ref Theism , in this specific sense, personal god conceives of God as personal , immanence present and active in the governance and organization of the world and the universe. As such theism describes the classical conception of God that is found in Christianity, Judaism, Islam and some forms of Hinduism. The use of the word theism to indicate this classical form of monotheism began during the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century in order to distinguish it from the then emerging ... Fruits , 1934 explains that before the seventeenth century theism and deism were interchangeable ... meanings see deism ref The term theism derives from the Greek theos meaning god . The term theism was first ... Atheism is rejection of theism in the broadest sense of theism i.e. the rejection of belief that there is even ... sense of theism can take forms such as deism , pantheism , and polytheism . The claim that the existence ... atheists. Put simply theism and atheism deal with belief, and agnosticism deals with absence of rational ... library FAQs religion blrel theism panen.htm title What is Panentheism? publisher About.Com ... Philosophy Mythology Animism Liberal theism Nontheistic religions Open theism Theistic evolution References Reflist External links wikiquote Wiktionary theism Navboxes title Articles Related to Theism list Philosophy topics philosophy of religion Theism Theology Category Theism Category Theology Category ... ja no Teisme uz Teizm pl Teizm pt Te smo ro Teism ru sq Teizmi simple Theism sk Teizmus ... more details
File Isocyanide resonance.svg thumb 280px Example of a dipolar compound, represented by a Resonance chemistry resonance structure isocyanide In organic chemistry , a dipolar compound or simply dipole is an electrically neutral molecule carrying a positive and a negative charge in at least one canonical description. In most dipolar compounds the charges are Delocalized electron delocalized . ref name dipolar compounds GoldBookRef title dipolar compounds file D01753 ref Unlike Salt chemistry salt s, dipolar compounds have charges on separate atoms, not on positive and negative ion s which make up the compound. Dipolar compounds exhibit a Dipole Molecular dipoles dipole moment . Dipolar compounds can be represented by a Resonance chemistry resonance structure . Contributing structures containing charged atoms are denoted as zwitterions . ref Braida et al. http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 20481497 A clear correlation between the diradical character of 1,3 dipoles and their reactivity toward ethylene or acetylene. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010 Jun 9 132 22 7631 7 ref ref Hartmann and Heuschmann http onlinelibrary.wiley.com doi 10.1002 anie.198912671 abstract Isolation of a Zwitterion in a Diels Alder Reaction with Inverse Electron Demand Angewandte Chemie september 1989 Volume 28, Issue 9, pages 1267 1268 ref ref name Takahisa cite journal last1 MacHiguchi first1 Takahisa last2 Okamoto first2 Junko last3 Takachi first3 Junpei last4 Hasegawa first4 Toshio last5 Yamabe first5 Shinichi last6 ... 2302. ref Some dipolar compounds can have an uncharged canonical form. Types of dipolar compounds 1,2 dipolar compounds have the opposite charges on adjacent atoms. 1,3 dipole 1,3 dipolar compounds have the charges separated over three atoms. ref name dipolar compounds They are reactants in 1,3 Dipolar cycloaddition s. Also 1,4 dipolars ref name Takahisa , 1,5 dipolars, etcetera exist. Examples ... See also Zwitterion Ylide 1,3 dipole 1,3 Dipolar cycloaddition Betaine References references Category ... more details
A dipolar bond , ref GoldBookRef file D01752 title dipolar bond ref also known as dative covalent bond ref GoldBookRef file D01523 title dative bond ref or coordinate bond ref GoldBookRef file C01329 title coordinate bond ref is a kind of 2 centre, 2 electron covalent bond in which the two electrons derive from the same atom. Typically, a dipolar bond is formed when a Lewis base donates a pair of electrons to a Lewis acid . This description of bonding is a characteristic of valence bond theory . It has no place in molecular orbital theory or ligand field theory of coordination complexes. Examples File NH3 BF3 adduct bond lengthening 2D.png thumb Adduct of ammonia and boron trifluoride The term dipolar bond is used in organic chemistry for compounds such as amine oxide s for which the electronic structure can be described in terms of the basic amine donating two electrons to an oxygen atom. R sub 3 sub N&rarr O The arrow indicates that both electrons in the bond originate from the amine moiety. In a standard covalent bond each atom contributes one electron. Therefore, an alternative description is that the amine gives away one electron to the oxygen atom, which is then used, with the remaining unpaired electron on the nitrogen atom, to form a standard covalent bond. The process of transferring the electron from nitrogen to oxygen creates formal charge s, so the electronic structure may also be depicted as R sub 3 sub N sup sup O sup sup File CoA6Cl3.png thumb 220px Hexamminecobalt III chloride This electronic structure has an electric dipole , hence the name dipolar bond. In reality the atoms carry fractional charge s the more electronegative atom of the two involved in the bond will carry a fractional negative charge. An example of a dative covalent bond is provided by the interaction ... formed are described as coordinate bonds. In all cases the bond is a covalent bond. The prefix dipolar .... References reflist Chemical bonds DEFAULTSORT Dipolar Bond Category Chemical bonding Category ... more details
Citations missing article date January 2008 Classical theism refers to the a form of theism in which God is characterized as the absolutely metaphysically ultimate being the first, timeless, absolutely simple and sovereign being, who is also devoid of any anthropomorphic qualities , in distinction to another conceptions such as Theistic Personalism , Open Theism and Process Theism . Another fundamental characteristic of classical theism is the idea of God as the cause of the world. Classical theism is, historically, the mainstream view between philosophers and is associate with the tradition of writers like Plato , Aristotle , Plotinus , Augustine , Anselm of Canterbury St. Anselm , Maimonedes , Averroes and Thomas Aquinas . In opposition to this tradition, there are, today, philosophers like Alvin Plantinga who rejects divine simplicity , Richard Swinburne who rejects divine timelessness and William Lane Craig who reject both divine simplicity and timelessness , who can be viewed as theistic personalists. Major Concepts Classical Theism holds first of all that in order to establish the nature of God we have to prove His existence. This is done by a posteriori methodology which proceeds from the effect to the existence and nature of its cause. In his Summa Theologiae, Thomas Aquinas used the famous Five Ways all of them metaphysical proofs to prove God s existence. Other philosophical arguments adherents use to support Classical Theism include the argument from morality , and the teleological argument . Major arguments against Classical Theism include the problem of evil and the Argument ... Theism is primarily and historically based on doctrines of several classical philosophers ... an played a part in the later medieval development of theism. Depending on their understanding of scripture ... of Christian Thought , Lion Publishing, 2003, ISBN 0 7459 5093 0 DEFAULTSORT Classical Theism Category Classical Greek philosophy Category Theism Category Christian philosophy ... more details
Atheism and Irreligion Sidebar Post theism is a variant of nontheism that proposes to have not so much rejected theism as rendered it obsolete, that God belongs to a stage of human development now past. Within nontheism, post theism can be contrasted with antitheism . The term appears in Christian Liberal Christianity liberal theology and Postchristianity . Overview Frank Hugh Foster in a 1918 lecture announced that modern culture had arrived at a post theistic stage in which humanity has taken possession of the powers of agency and creativity that had formerly been projected upon God. ref Gary J. Dorrien , The Making of American Liberal Theology Idealism, Realism, and Modernity, 1900 1950 2003 , ISBN 978 0664223557, p. 177f. ref Denys Turner argues that Karl Marx did not choose atheism over theism, but rejected the binary Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach Feuerbach ian choice altogether, a position which by being post theistic is at the same time necessarily post atheistic . ref D. Turner, Religion Illusions and liberation , in Terrell Carver ed , The Cambridge Companion to Marx 1991 , ISBN 978 0521366946, p. 337. ref Related ideas include Friedrich Nietzsche s pronouncement that God is dead , and less pessimistically, the transtheism of Paul Tillich or Pema Ch dr n . The Hindu school of Samkhya posits that God was a necessary metaphysical assumption demanded by circumstances, but ultimately cannot be admitted to exist. See also Portal Atheism Deconstruction and religion Humanism Postchristianity Postmodern Christianity Universalism Virtuous pagan References Reflist H. de Vries Editor , H. a. Krop, http www.peeters leuven.be boekoverz.asp?nr 7002 Post Theism Reframing the Judeo Christian Tradition 2000 , ISBN 978 9042908536 External links http cpxbrex.livejournal.com 167943.html Post colonialism and Post theism by Christopher Bradley 2007 belief systems DEFAULTSORT Post Theism Category Nontheism Category Theism Category Postmodernism Category Humanism es Post te smo he ... more details
Skeptical theism is a view taken in response to the evidential problem of evil in the philosophy of religion . Skeptical theists accept that God exists and that we can know general truths about God but denies that in any particular case we can know the reasons for God acting in a particular way. Background The argument that skeptical theism is primarily responding to is the evidentiary problem of evil, which argues for the impossibility of God upon this basis If an omniscient, omnibenevolent and omnipotent God exists, there should be no gratuitous evil. There exists instances of gratuitous evil. Therefore, an omniscient, omnibenveolent and omnipotent God does not exist. The skeptical theist argues that on the basis of our limited knowledge of the reasons for God s actions, we cannot know the second premise. ref name iep http www.iep.utm.edu skept th Skeptical Theism , Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy . ref In other formulations of the skeptical theism hypothesis, it has been described as the denial of the proposition that If, after thinking hard, we can t think of any God justifying reason for permitting some horrific evil then it is likely that there is no such reason. ref name BergmannRea cite journal last Bergmann first Michael coauthors Michael Rea title In Defense of Skeptical Theism A Reply to Almeida and Oppy journal Australasian Journal of Philosophy year 2005 volume 83 pages 241 51 url http nd.edu mrea papers In 20Defense 20of 20Skeptical 20Theism.pdf ref Consequences for morality A critical response to the skeptical theist proposal is that accepting the argument is akin to adopting a skeptical approach to morality. The argument goes that if one is unable to determine whether some particular good or evil is truly good or evil, such that we cannot even believe ... Skeptical Theism Lead to Moral Skepticism? journal Philosophy and Phenomenological Research year 2006 ... Reflist Category Philosophy of religion Category Skepticism Category Theism ... more details
multiple issues unreferenced June 2010 expert June 2010 Liberal theism is the philosophical and religious belief in the existence of a deity without adhering to an established religion. The exact definition is debatable. Liberal theists often believe that, all religions lead to the truth. Liberal theists are often influenced by the beliefs in their culture. For example, a liberal theist in the United States is likely to have beliefs strongly influenced by Christianity. It can also be said that all religions began as a form of liberal theism. citation needed date November 2011 Liberal theists are more likely to be proponents of moral relativism than moral absolutism . They often claim that there are no black and white concepts, but instead only subjective beliefs. Liberal theism should not be confused with Liberation Theology . Liberalism can also exist in established religions, such as Christianity, Judaism, or Islam. A key aspect of Liberal Theism is the idea that classical theism can be modified. This means a Liberal Christian may not, for example, conform entirely to the description of God in the Bible. He she would say that we can redefine God. They generally argue that people 2,000 years ago did not necessarily have the correct idea. Liberal Theism can be seen as a response to the problem of evil argument against the existence of God. The problem of evil suggests that an all good and all powerful God could not possibly endorse or allow evil actions to occur, for example, the Holocaust . A liberal theist may suggest that perhaps God is not all powerful, that perhaps God is just the most powerful . That is, that God cannot control some things. This allows for us to say that humans can use their own innate reason to act in an evil way. citation needed date November 2011 Liberal Theism also provides an answer to the question, If God is all powerful, then can he create ... theismTheism DEFAULTSORT Liberal Theism Category Theology ... more details
Agnostic theism is the philosophical view that encompasses both theism and agnosticism . An agnostic theist believes in the existence of at least one deity, but regards the truth or falsehood of this proposition as unknown or inherently unknowable . ref name Smith1979 Cite book url http books.google.com books?ei 0Xt T5mMH8KUiQLrlq3HAw&id FI7ZAAAAMAAJ&dq atheism the case against god&q agnostic theist search anchor title Atheism The Case Against God first George H last Smith authorlink George H. Smith page 10 11 quote Properly considered, agnosticism is not a third alternative to theism and atheism because it is concerned with a different aspect of religious belief. Theism and atheism refer to the presence or absence of belief in a god agnosticism refers to the impossibility of knowledge with regard to a god or supernatural being. The term agnostic does not, in itself, indicate whether or not one believes in a god. Agnosticism can be either theistic or atheistic. year 1979 ref The agnostic theist may also or alternatively be agnostic regarding the properties of the God s they believe in. Views of agnostic theism Atheism and Irreligion Sidebar Image Classical Definition of Kno.svg thumb left 200px Agnostic theism is belief but without knowledge, as shown in purple and blue see Epistemology . There are numerous belief s that can be included in agnostic theism, including fideism , however not all agnostic theists are fideists. Since agnosticism is a position on knowledge and does not forbid belief in a deity, it is compatible with most theistic positions. The classical Epistemology philosophical understanding of knowledge is that knowledge is justified true belief . By this definition ... Dei Institute . ref Agnostic theism could be interpreted as an admission that it is not possible ... Agnosticism Category Theism Category Theology es Te smo agn stico lt Agnostinis teizmas no Agnostisk teisme pl Teizm agnostyczny pt Te smo agn stico ru simple Agnostic theism ... more details
File Plato raphael.jpg 200px thumb Plato , an early proponent of philosophical theism . File 1925 kurt g del.png 200px thumb Kurt G del, established, beyond comparison, as the most important logician of our times, in the words of Solomon Feferman Feferman 1986 , founded the modern, metamathematical era in mathematical logic File Vatsoc.jpg right thumb 150px Bust of Socrates in the Vatican Museum . Philosophical theism is the belief that God exists or must exist independent of the teaching or revelation of any particular religion . ref Richard Swinburne Swinburne, Richard 2001 , Entry, Philosophical Theism in Phillips, D.Z. and T.Tessin eds. , Philosophy of Religion in The 21st Century , Palgrave Macmillan Palgrave . ref It represents belief in a personal God entirely Freethought without doctrine . Some philosophical theists are persuaded of God s existence by philosophical arguments, while others consider themselves to have a religious faith that need not be, or could not be, supported by rational argument. Philosophical theism has parallels with the 18th century philosophical view called Deism . Philosophical theism is sometimes also used as a synonym for classical theism . Relationship to organized religion Philosophical theism conceives of nature as the result of purposive activity ..., but I don t believe in any established religion. This is called philosophical theism.... Philosophical theism is entirely emotional. As Kant said, he destroyed pure reason to make room for faith ... Theism, Adventists and Price Interview, 17 October 2008 , Spectrum . ref 1914 2010 was a mathematics and science writer who defended philosophical theism and was actively hostile to some religious ... philosopher who converted to philosophical theism on the basis of scientific discoveries ... universe ref My Pilgrimage from Atheism to Theism an exclusive interview with former British atheist ... See also Freethought Category Theism ... more details
Open theism is a recent Christian theology theological movement that has developed within evangelicalism ... within Classical theism philosophy of religion classical theism a designation which is not to be taken as inclusive of all of orthodox theism state that God is immutability immutable , impassibility ... God and eternity timeless . For several versions of classical theism, God fully determines the future ... Edward N. Zalta encyclopedia Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy title Process Theism url http plato.stanford.edu entries process theism accessdate 2008 12 01 date 2008 10 06 ref Open theists argue ... Your Entire Future? , Bob Enyart v. Samuel Lamerson ref Practically, open theism makes the case for a personal ... to God s plan or presuppositions. Gregory A. Boyd claims that open theism is an inappropriate term since ... advocating concepts similar to open theism with regard to the issue of foreknowledge is found ... to a close. The term open theism was introduced in 1980 with theologian Richard Rice s book The Openness ... of open theism was given in 1994, when five essays were published by Evangelical scholars including ... know every possible future. Open theism also answers the question of how God can be blameless and omnipotent ... theists reply that this perspective simply reinforces the intellectual image of God which open theism .... Biblical arguments In order to defend open theism, open theists also tend to focus on verses ... of Open Theism Bot generated title ref Criticism Open theism has been strongly criticized by some ... God in the Image of Man? argues against open theism and in favor of the traditional attributes of God ... 96 isbn 1 55661 935 9 oclc 35886058 ref Opponents of open theism, such as pastor John Piper, ref ... of his faithfulness and justice. See also div col cols 3 Arminianism Open theism Arminianism Open theism ... , Greg Boyd 2001 ISBN 0 8308 1550 3 The Case for Freewill Theism a Philosophical Assessment , David ... of Open Theism , Douglas Wilson editor, et al., 2001, Canon Press, ISBN 1 885767 84 6 No Other God ... more details
The residual dipolar coupling between two Spin physics spin s in a molecule occurs if the molecules in solution exhibit a partial alignment leading to an incomplete averaging of spatially anisotropic dipolar coupling s. Partial molecular alignment leads to an incomplete averaging of anisotropic magnetic interactions such as the magnetic dipole dipole interaction also called dipolar coupling , the chemical shift anisotropy, or the electric quadrupole interaction. The resulting so called residual anisotropic ... dipolar couplings in high resolution liquid state NMR spectra. History and pioneering works ... SSNMR dip coupl vect2.png thumb The dipolar coupling between two nuclei depends on the distance between them, and the angle of bond relative to the external magnetic field 200px right The dipolar ... magnetic field The secular dipolar coupling Hamiltonian quantum mechanics Hamiltonian ... no dipolar coupling. If the solution is not isotropic then the average value of math D IS math may be different from zero, and one may observe residual couplings. Note that this residual dipolar coupling ... thumb 200px right Panel C depicts the effect of N H residual dipolar coupling on undecoupled HSQC ... samples a nearly isotropic distribution, and average dipolar coupling s goes to zero. Actually, most ..., the dipolar coupling for an sup 1 sup H sup 15 sup N amide group would be over 20 Hertz kHz , and a pair ... 1 sup H sup 13 sup C dipolar couplings are 5 Hz. ref name M.R. Hansen 1998 M.R. Hansen et al. Nature ... sup 1 sup H through space dipolar coupling were measured. ref name M.R. Hansen 1998 DNA nanotubes compatible ... determined by NOE data and J couplings. One problem with using dipolar couplings in structure determination is that a dipolar coupling does not uniquely describe an internuclear vector orientation. Moreover if a very small set of dipolar couplings are available, the refinement may lead to a structure ... Acoplamiento dipolar residual pt Acoplamento dipolar residual ... more details
have subjective experience after bodily death. ref Hartshorne, 32 36. ref Dipolartheism , is the idea ... to process theology written for the layperson. Jewish introductions to classical theism , limited theism and process theology can be found in A Question of Faith An Atheist and a Rabbi Debate the Existence ... Open theism Postmodern Christianity Theopoetics Theodicy Process Philosophy References reflist ... Process and Faith Reference works Donald Viney, http plato.stanford.edu entries process theism Process Theism , Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy John B. Cobb, Jr., http www.religion online.org showarticle.asp ... theism An encyclopedic type article philosophy of religion Theology Philosophy topics DEFAULTSORT Process ... more details
According to Dagobert D. Runes, Dictionary of Philosophy, 1942, theistic personalism is the theory most generally held by Personalists that God is the ground of all being, immanent in and transcendent over the whole world of reality. It is pan psychic but avoids pantheism by asserting the complementary nature of immanence and transcendence which come together in and are in some degree essential to all personality. The term used for the modern form of theism. Immanence and transcendence are the contrapletes of personality. http www.ditext.com runes t.html Category Theism ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 orphan date November 2009 Residual chemical shift anisotropy RCSA is the difference between the chemical shift anisotropy CSA of aligned and non aligned molecules. It is normally three orders of magnitide smaller than static CSA. RCSA is useful for structural determination and it is among the new developments in NMR spectroscopy . See also Residual dipolar coupling DEFAULTSORT Residual Chemical Shift Anisotropy Category Nuclear magnetic resonance ... more details
Dietrich von Hildebrand Dimitrije Mitrinovi Dipolartheism Direct revelation Distributism Divine apathy ... Christianity and environmentalism Christological argument City of God book Classical theism Clemens ... Atheism Philosophical theism Philosophical theology Philosophy of religion Philotheus Boehner ... of Religious Thought in Islam The True Word Theism Theistic realism Theodicy Theodore Drange ... more details
Various Theism theistic positions can involve belief in a God or gods . They include Henotheism , worship of a single god despite recognition of other deities. Monotheism , belief in a single deity. Panentheism , belief in a deity that subsumes and transcends the universe. Pantheism , belief in a deity that is considered synonymous with the universe. Polytheism , belief in multiple deities. Category Belief ... more details
Magnetic dipole dipole interaction , also called dipolar coupling , refers to the direct interaction between two magnetic dipole s. The potential energy of the interaction is as follows math bold H frac mu 0 4 pi r jk 3 left 3 bold m j cdot bold e jk bold m k cdot bold e jk bold m j cdot bold m k right math where e sub jk sub is a unit vector parallel to the line joining the centers of the two dipoles. r sub jk sub is the distance between two dipoles, m sub k sub and m sub j sub . For two interacting nuclear Spin physics spin s math bold H frac mu 0 4 pi frac gamma j gamma k hbar 2 r jk 3 left 3 bold I j cdot bold e jk bold I k cdot bold e jk bold I j cdot bold I k right math math gamma j math , math gamma k math and r sub jk sub are gyromagnetic ratio s of two spins and spin spin distance respectively. Dipolar coupling and NMR spectroscopy The direct dipole dipole coupling is very useful for molecular structural studies, since it depends only on known physical constants and the inverse cube of internuclear distance. Estimation of this coupling provides a direct spectroscopic route to the distance between nuclei and hence the geometrical form of the molecule, or additionally also on intermolecular distances in the solid state leading to NMR crystallography notably in amorphous materials. Although internuclear magnetic dipole couplings contain a great deal of structural information, in isotropic solution, they average to zero as a result of rotational diffusion. However, their effect on nuclear spin relaxation results in measurable nuclear Overhauser effect s NOEs . The residual dipolar coupling RDC occur if the molecules in solution exhibit a partial alignment leading to an incomplete averaging of spatially anisotropic magnetic interactions i.e. dipolar couplings. RDC measurement provides information on the global Protein folding folding of the protein long distance structural ... Magic angle Residual dipolar coupling Nuclear Overhauser effect Magnetic moment Category Electromagnetism ... more details
anisotropy CSA and the internuclear dipolar coupling . Many more such interactions exist, such as the anisotropic ... via the homonuclear dipolar interactions can only be suppressed partially, leading to line widths ... averaging of dipolar interactions by alignment media. The order of magnitude of these residual dipolar ... to each other. Dipolar truncation The dipolar coupling between two nuclei is inversely proportional to the cube of their distance. This has the effect that the polarization transfer mediated by the dipolar ... 13 sup C close to one of these nuclei. This effect is commonly referred to as dipolar truncation ... . Dipolar coupling Main article Magnetic dipole dipole interaction Dipolar coupling NMR Image SSNMR dip coupl vect.png thumb Dipolar coupling vectors 150px right Dipolar coupling vectors Nuclear spins ... nuclei dipolar coupling . The magnitude of the interaction is dependent on the spin species, the internuclear ... to the external magnetic field B see figure . The maximum dipolar coupling is given by the dipolar .... In a strong magnetic field, the dipolar coupling depends on the orientation of the internuclear vector ... with a dipolar coupling vector at an angle of sub m sub 54.7 to a strong external magnetic field, which is the angle where D becomes zero, have zero dipolar coupling. sub m sub is called the magic angle . One technique for removing dipolar couplings, at least to some extent, is magic angle spinning ..., the dipolar coupling is sample rotation most commonly magic angle spinning , but also http ... lines are often not desired, dipolar couplings between atoms in the crystal lattice can also provide very useful information. Dipolar coupling are distance dependent, and so they may be used to calculate interatomic distances in isotopically labeled molecules. Because most dipolar interactions are removed by sample spinning, recoupling experiments are needed to re introduce desired dipolar couplings ... Andrew, E. R., Bradbury, A. and Eades, R. G., Removal of Dipolar Broadening of Nuclear Magnetic ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Image Hetdipole.jpg thumb right 250px Dipole magnet from the Advanced Photon Source Image Aust. Synchrotron, Storage Ring Magnets, 14.06.2007.jpg right 250px thumb The larger yellow electromagnet shown here is a dipole magnet used to bend the electron beam and produce synchrotron radiation at the Australian Synchrotron A dipole magnet is an electromagnet used in particle accelerator s to create a homogeneous magnetic field over some distance. Particle motion in that field will be circular in a plane perpendicular to the field and collinear to the direction of particle motion and free in the direction orthogonal to it. Thus, a particle injected into a dipole magnet will travel on a circular or Helix helical trajectory. By adding several dipole sections on the same plane, the bending radial effect of the beam increases. In accelerator physics , dipole magnets are used to realize bends in the design trajectory or orbit of the particles, as in circular accelerators. Other uses include Injection of particles into the accelerator Ejection of particles from the accelerator Correction of orbit errors Production of synchrotron radiation Other uses of dipole magnets include isotope mass measurement in mass spectrometry , and particle momentum measurement in particle physics . Such magnets are also used in traditional televisions, which contain a cathode ray tube , which is essentially a small particle accelerator . Their magnets are called deflecting coils . The magnets move a single spot on the screen of the TV tube in a controlled way all over the screen. See also Accelerator physics Beam line Cyclotron Electromagnetism Linear particle accelerator Particle accelerator Quadrupole magnet Sextupole magnet Storage ring DEFAULTSORT Dipole Magnet Category Types of magnets Category Accelerator physics Accelerator stub Electronics stub ar ca Imant dipolar de Dipolmagnet es Im n dipolar pt m dipolar ru ... more details
Image Pake.png thumb right 300px Simulated pake doublet. A Pake Doublet is a characteristic line shape seen in solid state nuclear magnetic resonance and Electron paramagnetic resonance . It was first described by George Pake . It arises from Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance Dipolar coupling dipolar coupling between two spin half nuclei, or from transitions in Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance Quadrupolar interaction quadrupolar nuclei such as deuterium. It is the general shape obtained from an orientationally dependent doublet. The horns of the Pake doublet correspond to the situation when the principal axis of the coupling interaction the inter nuclear vector in the case dipolar coupling and the principal component of the electric field gradient tensor for quadrupolar nuclei is perpendicular to the magnetic field. This situation is the most probable and the intensity is much higher. The feet of the lineshape correspond to the situation when the principal axis of the coupling interaction is parallel to the magnetic field which is much less statistically relevant. Pake was the first to describe this lineshape and used it to extracted the proton proton distance from his experiments on a single crystal and powdered hydrates of gypsum CaSO sub 4 sub .2H sub 2 sub O ref Nuclear Resonance Absorption in Hydrated Crystals Fine Structure of the Proton Line,G. E. Pake, J. Chem. Phys. 16 , 327 1948 doi 10.1063 1.1746878 http link.aip.org link JCPSA6 v16 i4 p327 s1 ref . This made it possible to experimentally determine the inter nuclear distance between the hydrogen atoms in water. References references physics stub Category Nuclear magnetic resonance ... more details
Electron s, within an electron shell around an atom , tend to distribute themselves as far apart from each other, within the given shell, as they can due to each one being negatively charged . The mutual repulsion is slightly reduced between two electrons, though, if they have opposite Electron magnetic dipole moment spins . Consequently, as an electron shell starts to become filled up, the electrons become organised in pairs. Covalent bond s form between atoms by sharing electrons in their outermost electron shells, in such a way as to give the effect of filling those incomplete shells. Some of the pairs of electrons in such a shell, therefore, are already part of the original atom, and are referred to as lone pair s. The remainder are shared with the other atom, and constitute the bond itself with that atom these form the shared pair s . ref Coulson, E.H., et al. 1971 . Chemistry students book 1 topics 1 to 12 . Nuffield Foundation, Penguin Books Ltd., Harmondsworth, Middlesex, UK, pp 244 245. ISBN 14 082651 3. ref In a large number of cases, the electrons in a shared pair are contributed, one from each atom. However, this is not always the case, leading to dipolar bond dative or dipolar bonds . References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Shared Pair Category Chemical bonding Chem stub ... more details
Infobox software name HRS Computing logo File HRSComputingIcon.png HRS Computing s icon screenshot File HRSComputingExample.png 250px caption A screenshot of HRS Computing 2.0.0 collapsible author S. Carrazza, J. Duboisset released December 2008 latest release version 2.0.0 latest release date December 2010 latest preview version latest preview date frequently updated programming language C operating system 32 bit & 64 bit Windows br Linux br Mac OS br FreeBSD br platform Cross platform language English, French, Italian, Spanish, Portughese status Active 2008 genre Physics simulation license GNU General Public License website http hrscomputing.sf.net HRS Computing is an opensource scientific software which simulates the hyper Rayleigh scattering HRS in nonlinear optics . The software is designed for researchers, and it is used to verify the agreement between theoretical models and experimental data. Main features From the physics point of view the software provides coefficients that are useful for the determination of the microscopic structure of composites, molecules, etc. the dipolar and quadripolar coefficients the depolarization factor Using these coefficients, the software also provides the visualization of simulated polar graphics generated by HRS molecular position and dipolar momentum in 3D easy data and graphics export External links Commons category http hrscomputing.sourceforge.net HRS Computing official site See also Portal Free software Rayleigh scattering Category Physics software ... more details
Kathenotheism is a term coined by the philology philologist Max M ller to mean the worship of one god at a time. It is closely related to henotheism . M ller coined the term in reference to the Vedas where he explained each deity is treated as supreme in turn. Etymology wiktionary The term kathenotheism is a more specific form of the parent term henotheism , and refers to the worship of a succession of supreme gods one at a time, from the Greek kath hena one by one theism . ref http www.etymonline.com index.php?term kathenotheism Online Etymology Dictionary kathenotheism ref Ancient Greece The ancient Orphic religion has a theology comparable to kathenotheism. The Orphic Hymns address each God of the Olympian pantheon as supreme in turn. Hinduism The Smarta sect worship the five major deities as supreme in turn and collectively. References reflist Theism Belief systems Theology Category Monotheism Category Monotheistic religions Category Polytheism reli stub fa fr Kath noth isme ko la Kathenotheismus pl Katenoteizm ... more details
About the magic angle as defined in the field of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy the magic angle as defined in the field of electron energy loss spectroscopy magic angle EELS The magic angle is a precisely defined angle, the value of which is approximately 54.7356 . The magic angle is a root of a second order Legendre polynomial , math P 2 cos theta 0 , math , and so any interaction which depends on this second order Legendre polynomial vanishes at the magic angle. This property makes the magic angle of particular importance in solid state NMR spectroscopy. Mathematical definition File Magic angle.png thumb Magic angle 250px right Magic angle The magic angle sub m sub is math theta m rm arccos frac 1 sqrt 3 rm arctan sqrt 2 approx 54.7 circ math , where arccos and arctan are the inverse cosine and tangent functions respectively. sub m sub is the angle between the space diagonal of a cube and any of its three connecting edges, see image. Magic angle and dipolar coupling In nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopy, the dipolar coupling D in a strong magnetic field depends on the orientation of the internuclear vector with the external magnetic field by math D theta propto 3 cos 2 theta 1 math Hence, two nuclei with an internuclear vector at an angle of sub m sub to a strong external magnetic field, have zero dipolar coupling, D sub m sub 0. Magic angle spinning is a technique in solid state NMR spectroscopy which employs this principle to remove or reduce dipolar couplings, thereby increasing spectral resolution. Application to medical imaging The magic angle artifact File magic angle artifact.jpg thumb Magic angle effect seen on MRI of the shoulder The magic angle artifact refers to the increased signal on sequences with short echo time TE e.g., T1 or PD Spin Echo sequences in MR images seen in tissues with well ordered collagen fibers in one direction e.g., tendon or articular hyaline cartilage . ref cite journal author Bydder M, Rahal A, Fullerto ... more details
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