Refimprove date August 2008 The doctrine of signatures is a philosophy shared by herbalist s from the time of Dioscurides and Galen . This doctrine states that herbs that resemble various parts of the body ... they were thought to do good. Scientists see the doctrine of signatures as superstition . There is no scientific ... needed date March 2011 The writings of Jakob B hme 1575 1624 spread the doctrine of signatures ... 16, 2008 last Pearce first J.M.S. publisher karger.com title The Doctrine of Signatures accessdate ... . Michel Foucault expressed the wider usage of the doctrine of signatures, which rendered allegory ... of All Things , and the spiritual doctrine was applied to the medicinal uses that plants forms advertised. In herbalism The doctrine of signatures is a philosophy shared by herbalist s from the time of Dioscurides and Galen . This doctrine states that herbs that resemble various parts of the body can be used to treat ailments of that part of the body. Although the doctrine of signatures ... Culpeper s often reprinted Complete Herbal takes the doctrine of signatures as common knowledge ... for children by Terry Pratchett , an exaggerated herbalist doctrine of signatures is working, where ... historical belief in the doctrine. The phrase signatures of all things appears in the beginning of episode ... to himself Signatures of all things I am here to read, seaspawn and seawrack, the nearing tide, that rusty boot. Scientific skepticism Scientists generally interpret the doctrine of signatures ... month title Doctrine of Signatures An Explanation of Medicinal Plant Discovery or Dissemination of Knowledge ... The doctrine of signatures a defense of theory in medicine Scott Milross Buchanan, first published 1938 DEFAULTSORT Doctrine Of Signatures Category History of ideas Category Philosophy of science ... opinion, they Have the perfect Signatures of the Head . Regarding Hypericum , he wrote, The little ... wort plants and their signatures Lousewort , Pedicularis thought to be useful in repelling lice Spleenwort ... more details
Image Signatures dc.jpg thumb right Signatures restaurant, in the Penn Quarter, Washington, D.C. Penn Quarter neighborhood of Washington, D.C. , once owned by Jack Abramoff, is under new ownership and will be renamed. Signatures Restaurant is the Washington D.C. restaurant opened by Jack Abramoff . Expensive and lavishly appointed with expensive memorabilia, Villeroy & Boch Charger table setting charger s and Christofle flatware, Signatures was used by Abramoff in coordination with his skyboxes and foreign trips to monetary influence of Jack Abramoff spend money primarily given by Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal Indian tribes on politicians. During 17 months between 2002 and 2003 Signatures gave away 180,000 of food and drinks. http www.tpmcafe.com story 2005 8 4 152337 8867 Signatures rivaled the Capital Grille , opened in 1994, as the premier high end GOP restaurant in town. It was more successful than Abramoff s other Washington D.C. food ventures Archives Restaurant and Stacks Delicatessen, both kosher eateries. The political website PoliticsPA named it to their list of restaurants frequented by politicians. ref cite web title 2002 Politics PA Restaurant Guide work PoliticsPA publisher The Publius Group date url http www.politicspa.com FEATURES 2002RestaurantGuide.htm archiveurl ... clients tribal clients hundreds of thousands of dollars for meals at Signatures. Billing, campaign ... exemption to House ethics rules. Bob Ney paid Signatures about 1,900 for meals and events between ... Abramoff and his investors put more than 3 million into Signatures, spending 7 percent of revenues ... owner of Signatures was Livsar Enterprises , with Rodney Lane acting as the CEO. The registered agent was lawyer Yale Ginsburg lawyer Jay Kaplan led the Signatures restaurant group. According ... he planned to have under the control of his wife Pamela. Signatures was built by John S. Hillery & Assoc ... Albert Eisele publisher The Hill title Signatures A special place to dine with history date May 8, 2002 ... more details
For the PHP object relational mapping framework Doctrine PHP Refimprove date May 2008 Wiktionary Doctrine ... . ref http www.wordiq.com definition Doctrine ref Often doctrine specifically connotes a Wikt corpus corpus of religious dogma as it is promulgated by a church, but not necessarily doctrine is also ... of past decisions, such as the doctrine of self defense , or the principle of fair use , or the more narrowly applicable first sale doctrine . In some organizations, doctrine is simply defined as that which ... doctrine s include Christian Trinity and Virgin Birth Christian doctrine Virgin birth Christian Original ... Grace Hinduism The Doctrine of epoch or Yuga Jainism The Doctrine of Postulation or Sy dv da Buddhist Doctrine One department of the Roman Curia is called the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith . ref http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 167462 Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith ... fare. The typical example is Military doctrine tactical doctrine in which a standard set of maneuvers ... doctrine s include Blitzkrieg of World War II Guerre de course Hit and run tactics Alfred Mahan Mahanian of late 19th up to mid 20th century Manhunt military Manhunting doctrine , or assured individual destruction Reagan Doctrine of the Cold War Shock and Awe Soviet deep battle of World War II Trench warfare of World War I Almost every military organization has its own doctrine, sometimes ... operations Capstone Doctrine ref http pbpu.unlb.org pbps Library Capstone Doctrine ENG.pdf Capstone Doctrine ref which speaks to integrated civilian and military operations. Political A policy ... 6381&langcode en&ns 1 ref Legal usage A legal doctrine is a body of inter related rules usually of common ... the doctrine of frustration of purpose now has many tests and rules applicable with regards to each ... refer to the doctrine of justification. It can be seen that a branch of law contains various doctrines ... of the doctrine of frustration which is part of contract contract law . Doctrines can grow into a branch ... more details
Worldwide, legislation concerning the effect and validity of digital signatures includes Argentina http ... and validity of electronic documents with attached secure electronic signatures, and of the authenticity of the secure electronic signatures themselves. China http www.cin.gov.cn law other 2005040803.htm ... standardizing the conduct of electronic signatures, confirming the legal validity of electronic signatures ... Economic Area European Union Directive establishing the framework for electronic signatures ... signatures. http eur lex.europa.eu LexUriServ LexUriServ.do?uri OJ L 2003 175 0045 0046 EN PDF Commission ... Signature Law, 2000 Belgium http mineco.fgov.be information society e signatures law e signature ... Signatures, 227 2000 Denmark https www.retsinformation.dk Forms R0710.aspx?id 6193 Lov om elektroniske ... Communications Act, 2000 http www.legislation.gov.uk uksi 2002 318 contents The Electronic Signatures ...&query digitaalallkirja&tyyp X&ptyyp RT&pg 1&fr no Digital Signatures Act consolidated text ... Signatures 2001 Ireland, Republic of https www.post.trust.ie reposit ecommerce.html Irish Electronic ... Electronic Signatures Act SFS 2000 832 in Swedish . http www.pts.se upload Documents SE Qualified ... http www.meti.go.jp policy netsecurity digitalsign law.htm Law Concerning Electronic Signatures and Certification ... Law Concerning Electronic Signatures and Certification Services, 2000 unofficial English translation ... signatures.html UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures 2001 , a strong influence in the field. United States Uniform Electronic Transactions Act UETA Electronic Signatures in Global and National ... permits the use of electronic signatures in many situations, and preempts many state laws that would otherwise limit the use of electronic signatures. Uruguay Uruguay laws include both, electronic and digital signatures http www0.parlamento.gub.uy leyes AccesoTextoLey.asp?Ley 16736&Anchor art695 ... are issuing qualified digital signatures. Kamu Sertifikasyon Merkezi Governmental Certificate ... more details
Image Arton11.png 300px right thumb Change for Equality logo One Million Signatures for the Repeal of Discriminatory ... in Iran to collect one million signatures in support of changing discriminatory laws against women ... has had to extend its two year target to collect the full number of signatures. ref name ... signatures to support reform of the law, the Campaign, in its own words, also aims to achieve the following ..., but widespread among diverse parts of the Iranian population. Strategy Plans to gather signatures ... a similar campaign for women s rights. The Million Signatures campaign was initiated solely by Iranian ... signatures both from Iranian citizens who live in Iran, and from those who are residents of other ... of her leading role in the One Million Signatures campaign for women s equality in Iran. However, on March ... honored the One Million Signatures Campaign as a recipient of the 2009 Global Women s Rights Award ... Ceremony ref Publishing of Iranian Women s One Million Signatures Campaign for Equality The Inside ... Women s One Million Signatures Campaign for Equality The Inside Story Eloquently written by Noushin ... publications other iran oms ref Iranian Women s One Million Signatures Campaign for Equality ..., to reduce the financial burden on men. Many leaders of the Signatures campaign actively worked against ... of lashes. According to California State University professor Nayereh Tohidi , women collecting signatures ... after she collected signatures at a Children s Day celebration for the One Million Signature Campaign ... 2008, a court sentenced to jail four women leaders involved in the One Million Signatures campaign ... detention related to involvement in the One Million Signatures campaign. ref name AFP20081025 cite ... Sources Update A million Signatures for Women , February 14, 2007, http www.nobelwomensinitiative.org ... Iran s Women s Rights Movement and the One Million Signatures Campaign , Payvand, December 16, 2006 .... External links Sussan Tahmasebi http www.we change.org english spip.php?article226 One Million Signatures ... more details
dynamic list This is a list of file signature s, data used to identify or verify the content of a file. This is also known as a magic number and is further explained in the Magic number programming article. class wikitable Hex signature ASCII br signature Offset File extension Description 00 . 0 PIC br PIF br SEA br YTR IBM Storyboard bitmap file br Windows Program Information File br Mac Stuffit Self Extracting Archive br IRIS OCR data file 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 br 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 br 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 br ........ br ........ br ........ 11 PDB Palmpilot Database Document File 00 00 00 nn 66 74 79 70 br 33 67 70 ....ftyp br 3gp 0 3GG, 3GP, 3G2 3rd Generation Partnership Project 3GPP nn 0x14 and 3GPP2 nn 0x20 multimedia files 00 00 00 18 66 74 79 70 br 33 67 70 35 ....ftyp br 3gp5 0 MP4 MPEG 4 video files 1F 9D .. 0 z, tar.z compress file often tar zip br using Lempel Ziv Welch 1F A0 .. 0 z, tar.z compress file often tar zip br using LZH Lempel Ziv Huffman 49 49 2A 00 br 4D 4D 00 2A II . br MM 0 tif, tiff Tif tif file format 50 4B 03 04 PK.. 0 zip ZIP file format zip file format CA FE BA BE 0 class Java bytecode file, http en.wikipedia.org wiki Fat binary Apple Mach O Fat Binary FE ED FA CE ........ 0 or typically 0x1000 Mach O binary FF FE .. 0 Byte order mark for 16 bit Unicode text file FF FE 00 00 .... 0 Byte order mark for 32 bit Unicode text file 89 50 4E 47 0D 0A 1A 0A .PNG.... 0 png Portable Network Graphics PNG image See also List of file formats Magic number programming External links http www.garykessler.net library file sigs.html Gary Kessler s list of file signatures http www.filesig.co.uk ofsdb.html Online File Signature Database for Forensic Practitioners, a private compilation free to Law Enforcement http docsrv.sco.com 507 en man html.C compress.C.html Man page for compress, uncompress, and zcat on SCO Open Server http www.filesignatures.net Public Database of File Signatures Category Files ... more details
. Advantages of homomorphic signatures Establishes authentication in addition to detecting pollution. No need for distributing secure hash digests. Smaller bit lengths in general will suffice. Signatures of length 180 bits have as much security as 1024 bit RSA signatures. Public information does not change for subsequent file transmission. Signature scheme The homomorphic property of the signatures ...&rep rep1&type pdf ref . Homomorphic signatures Let math p math be a prime and math q math ... en us um people klauter CISS 06.pdf Signatures for Network Coding presentation CISS 2006, Princeton ... more details
The phrase merger doctrine or doctrine of merger may refer to one of several legal doctrines Merger doctrine antitrust law Merger doctrine civil procedure Merger doctrine copyright law The merger doctrine in criminal law of lesser included offense s Merger doctrine family law Merger doctrine property law Merger doctrine trust law disambig Category Legal doctrines and principles ... more details
see also Predestination Calvinism Doctrine of Election , the doctrine that the salvation of a man depends on the election of God for that end, of which there are two chief phases one is election to be Christ s, or unconditional election or Doctrine of Free Will , and the other that it is election in Christ, or conditional election. In its proper theology theological sense, the Doctrine of Election is monergism monergistic as opposed to synergism synergistic . Nuttall Christian theology stub Category Christian theology ... more details
Infobox Software logo Image Doctrine logo white.png name Doctrine latest release version 2.2.1 latest ... url http www.doctrine project.org The Doctrine Project or Doctrine is a set of PHP libraries primarily ... Layer it is built on top of. One of Doctrine s key features is the option to write database queries in a proprietary object oriented SQL dialect called Doctrine Query Language DQL . Usage demonstration Entities in Doctrine 2 are lightweight PHP Objects that contain persistable properties ... the database by Doctrine s data mapping capabilities via the Entity Manager source lang php user new ... saved. source Doctrine 1.x follows the active record pattern for working with data, where a Class ... password doe user save echo The user with id user id has been saved. source Features Image doctrine layers.jpg thumb 250px Media doctrine layers.jpg Overview of Doctrine One feature of Doctrine is the low level of configuration that is needed to start a project. Doctrine can generate object classes ... in many other frameworks. Another key feature of Doctrine is the ability to optionally write database queries in an OO Object oriented programming object oriented SQL dialect called DQL Doctrine ... QueryBuilder tt class tt Doctrine Query tt in Doctrine 1.x allows one to construct queries through ... duplication. Writing queries explicitly however is not always necessary, as Doctrine performs Join ... writing queries. Other notable features of Doctrine are support for hooks methods which can validate ... files of a framework. History Doctrine was started by Konsta Vesterinen , also known as zYne . The project ... the Google Summer of Code project. Doctrine 1.0.0 was released on September 1, 2008. ref http www.doctrine project.org blog doctrine 1 0 released Doctrine 1.0.0 released ref The first stable version of Doctrine 2.0 was released on December 22, 2010, after 2.5 years of dedicated development starting in early 2008. ref http www.doctrine project.org blog doctrine2 released ref Influences Doctrine ... more details
The Johnson Doctrine , enunciated by U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson after the United States intervention in the Dominican Republic in 1965, declared that domestic revolution in the Western Hemisphere would no longer be a local matter when the object is the establishment of a Communist dictatorship . It is an extension of the Eisenhower Doctrine Eisenhower and Kennedy Doctrine s. See also Monroe Doctrine Brezhnev Doctrine References Unreferenced date September 2008 Further reading Meiert ns, Heiko 2010 The Doctrines of US Security Policy An Evaluation under International Law , Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521766487. US poli stub Template group list Cold War Foreign relations of the United States expanded DPC Category Foreign policy doctrines of the United States Category Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson Category 1965 in the United States Category 1965 in international relations cs Johnsonova doktr na fr Doctrine Johnson it Dottrina Johnson hu Johnson doktr na pt Doutrina Johnson ru sk Johnsonova doktr na fi Johnson oppi uk zh ... more details
unreferenced date December 2011 Claflin doctrine is a United States law U.S. law doctrine which states that the trust cannot be modified or terminated, even if all beneficiaries agree, if to do so would be contrary to a material purpose of the settlor . Material purposes include Spendthrift trust spendthrift , support, and discretionary trust s. Category United States law ... more details
Hatnote For the rule of evidence in law, see doctrine of chances . italic title File Abraham de Moivre Doctrine of Chance 1718.gif thumb right Front page of the 1st edition of the Doctrine of Chances . The Doctrine of Chances was the first textbook on probability theory , written by 18th century French mathematician Abraham de Moivre and first published in 1718. ref name schneider citation title Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics 1640 1940 editor first I. editor last Grattan Guinness first Ivor last Schneider editor link Ivor Grattan Guinness contribution Abraham De Moivre, The Doctrine of Chances 1718, 1738, 1756 year 2005 isbn 0 444 50871 6 page 105 120 publisher Elsevier location Amsterdam . ref De Moivre wrote in English because he resided in England at the time, having fled France to escape the persecution of Huguenots . The book s title came to be synonymous with probability theory , and accordingly the phrase was used in Thomas Bayes famous posthumous paper An Essay towards solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances , wherein a version of Bayes theorem was first introduced. Editions The full title of the first edition was The doctrine of chances or, a method for calculating the probabilities of events in play it was published in 1718, by W. Pearson, and ran for 175 pages. Published in 1738 by Woodfall and running for 258 pages, the second edition of de Moivre s book ... References reflist Additional reading citation first Anders last Hald contribution De Moivre and the Doctrine ... edition of The Doctrine of Chances. http books.google.com books?id 3EPac6QpbuMC Full text of The Doctrine ... The Doctrine of Chance at MathPages Category Mathematics books Doctrine of Chances, The Category 1718 books Doctrine of Chances, The Category 1738 books Doctrine of Chances 2nd edition , The Category Statistics books Doctrine of Chances, The Category 1718 in science es The Doctrine of Chances nl The Doctrine of Chances ... more details
The Calvo Doctrine is a foreign policy doctrine which holds that jurisdiction in international investment disputes lies with the country in which the investment is located. The Calvo Doctrine thus proposed to prohibit diplomatic protection or armed intervention before local resources were exhausted. An investor, under this doctrine, has no recourse but to use the local court s, rather than those of their home country. As a policy prescription, the Calvo Doctrine is an expression of legal nationalism. The principle, named after Carlos Calvo historian Carlos Calvo , an Argentina Argentine jurist , has been applied throughout Latin America and other areas of the world. The doctrine arose from Calvos s ideas, expressed in his Derecho internacional te rico y pr ctico de Europa y Am rica Paris , 1868 greatly expanded in subsequent editions, which were published in French language French . Calvo justified his doctrine as necessary to prevent the abuse of the jurisdiction of weak nations by more powerful nations. It has since been incorporated as a part of several Latin American constitution s, as well as many other treaty treaties , statute s, and contract s. The doctrine is used chiefly in concession contract concession contracts , the clause attempting to give local courts final jurisdiction and to obviate any appeal to diplomatic intervention. The Drago Doctrine is a narrower application of Calvo s wider principle. See also diplomatic protection International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes ICSID References http www.bartleby.com 65 ca Calvo Ca.html Entry on Carlos Calvo Dead link date January 2012 from the Columbia Encyclopedia 6th Ed. http www.tradeport.org library c.html Tradeport Glossary of Trade & Shipping Terms Dead link date January 2012 http cyberspacei.com jesusi peace nobel institute of international law.htm Category Foreign policy doctrines de Calvo Doktrin es Doctrina Calvo fr Doctrine Calvo ka lt Kalvo doktrina ru ... more details
Development of doctrine is a term used by John Henry Newman and other theologians influenced by him to describe the way Catholic Church Catholic teaching has become more detailed and explicit over the centuries, while later statements of doctrine remain consistent with earlier statements. Newman s book The term was introduced in Newman s 1845 book An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine . Newman used the idea of development of doctrine to defend Catholic teaching from attacks by some Church of England Anglicans and other Protestant s, who saw certain elements in Catholic teaching as corruptions or innovations. He relied on an extensive study of early Church Fathers in tracing the elaboration or development of doctrine which he argued was in some way implicitly present in the Divine Revelation in Sacred Scripture and Tradition which was present from the beginnings of the Church. He argued that various Catholic doctrines not accepted by Protestants such as devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary , or Purgatory had a developmental history analogous to doctrines that were accepted by Protestants such as the Trinity or the divinity and humanity of Christ . Such developments were, in his view, the natural and beneficial consequences of reason working on the original revealed truth to draw out consequences that were not obvious at first. As distinct from evolution of dogmas There is a more radical understanding of development of doctrine that is known as evolution of dogmas . This view, mixed in with philosophical currents such as vitalism , immanentism and historicism , was at the heart of the Modernism Roman Catholicism modernist controversy during the papacy of Pius X , and was condemned in the encyclical Pascendi . Although modernist intellectualism intellectuals such as George ..., their goal was not so much to understand the ancient roots of Church doctrine but to make it evolve ... Doctrine . 1845, revised 1878 Category Catholic theology and doctrine RC stub eo Eseo pli la ... more details
The Doctrine of Concomitance is a Eucharist Eucharistic theology theological doctrine held by some Christians which describes the nature of Jesus Christ s presence in the bread and wine of the sacrament of Communion Christian Eucharist ref http www.catholicculture.org culture library dictionary index.cfm?id 32692 ref Doctrine The doctrine states that since Christ is indivisible, no one part of Christ s substance can be divided. ref http www.catholicculture.org culture library dictionary index.cfm?id 32692 ref Thus, Christ s body can not be separated from his blood which means that Christ s full presence is in each element fully. Use The Doctrine of Concomitance has been used to justify communion under one kind of species, saying that the Christ is fully present in each species alone. ref http www.clclutheran.org atlanta bibleclass bookofconcord article22.html ref Further application allows those who are allergic to gluten, are alcoholics, or otherwise wish to abstain from alcohol consumption to receive one species alone with the assurance of the fullness of the sacrament. Historically, this application contributed to the 1415 ruling by Council of Constance that the laity should be given only the bread at communion. References reflist Category Christian theology Category Christian belief and doctrine ... more details
Image The Doctrine of Awakening Cover.jpg thumb 210px The Doctrine of Awakening The Attainment of Self Mastery According to the Earliest Buddhist Texts is a book by philosopher and racial theorist Julius Evola . First published in Italian language Italian as La dottrina del risveglio in 1943. It was translated into English language English in 1948 by Nanavira Thera H.E. Musson , and republished in 1997 ISBN 0 89281 553 1 . Table of Contents Translator s Foreword Preface Introduction Part I Principles 1. Varieties of Ascesis 2. The Aryan ness of the Doctrine of Awakening 3. The Historical Context of the Doctrine of Awakening 4. Destruction of the Demon of Dialectics 5. The Flame and Samsara Samsaric Consciousness 6. Conditioned Genesis 7. Determination of the Vocations Part II Practice 8. The Qualities of the Combatant and the Departure 9. Defense and Consolidation 10. Rightness 11. Sidereal Awareness The Wounds Close 12. The Four Jhana The Irradiant Contemplations 13. The States Free from Form and the Extinction 14. Discrimination Between the Powers 15. Phenomenology philosophy Phenomenology of the Great Liberation 16. Signs of the Nonpareil 17. The Void If the Mind Does Not Break 18. Up to Zen 19. The Ariya Are Still Gathered on the Vulture s Peak Index External links http ccbs.ntu.edu.tw FULLTEXT JR EPT richard.htm Review of The Doctrine of Awakening by Richard Smoley in Parabola magazine Parabola magazine . http www.innertraditions.com isbn 0 89281 553 1 Publisher s blurb for The Doctrine of Awakening by Inner Traditions http www.stephenbatchelor.org index.php en existence enlightenment and suicide Discussion on The Doctrine of Awakening s translator Captain Nanavira Thera Harold Musson footer Works by Julius Evola DEFAULTSORT Doctrine Of Awakening Category Works by Julius Evola Category 1943 books Category Buddhism studies books Category Article Feedback 5 reli book stub ... more details
Italicstitle The Doctrine of Addai is a controversial book about Saint Addai . The story of how Abgar V of Edessa King Abgar and Jesus had corresponded was first recounted in the 4th century by the church historian Eusebius of Caesarea in his Church History Eusebius Ecclesiastical History i.13 and iii.1 and it was retold in elaborated form by Ephrem the Syrian . In the origin of the legend, Eusebius had been shown documents purporting to contain the official correspondence that passed between Abgar and Jesus, and he was well enough convinced by their authenticity to quote them extensively in his ecclesiastical history. By the time the legend had returned to Syria , the purported site of the miraculous image, it had been embroidered into a tissue of miraculous happenings Bauer 1971, ch. i the Doctrine of Addai is full of miracles. Some people consider it to be filled with anti semitism in the story of Protonice consort of Claudius, searching for the Cross, and Golgotha and the Holy Sepuchre, all of them in possession of the Jews. See also Holy Qurbana of Addai and Mari Early centers of Christianity External links http www.newadvent.org cathen 01042c.htm Catholic Encyclopedia Legend of Abgar http www.apostle1.com doctrine addai syriac orthodox1.htm Doctrine of Addai text, in English http www.newadvent.org cathen 05088a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia Doctrine of Addai http www.ccel.org p pearse morefathers addai 2 text.htm THE DOCTRINE OF ADDAI, THE APOSTLE, BY GEORGE PHILLIPS, D.D., PRESIDENT OF QUEENS COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. London TR BNER & CO., LUDGATE HILL. 1876 http syrcom.cua.edu Hugoye Vol6No2 HV6N2Griffith.html The Doctrina Addai as a Paradigm of Christian Thought in Edessa in the Fifth Century, by Sidney H. Griffith, Institute of Christian Oriental Research, Catholic University ... Bauer bauer01.htm FN1 On line text Category Syriac literature Addai, Doctrine of Category Christian ... stub fr Doctrine d Adda it Dottrina di Addai ... more details
Multiple issues context October 2009 orphan March 2007 unreferenced March 2007 The doctrine of indivisibility or indivisibility doctrine was a legal doctrine in United States copyright law , which held that a copyright was a single, indivisible right that its owner could only Assignment law assign as a whole. The doctrine was founded upon the policy concern that a defendant alleged to have infringed a single work might find himself facing claims from multiple plaintiff s, all claiming copyright in that same work. Despite the indivisibility doctrine, a copyright holder could still effectively assign certain rights. The assignees of those rights were held to be mere licensees. The result of the doctrine could yield a harsh result for an exclusive licensee in a work. If a third party Copyright infringement infringed the work, the copyright holder had no motivation to file suit the work was no longer marketable. So courts allowed exclusive licensees to compulsively join the copyright holder as a plaintiff in such suits. Non exclusive licensees could not forcefully join copyright holders, on the theory that in those cases, the work was still marketable and the copyright holder therefore had an interest in protecting his rights. In the case Dark Passage Goodis v. United Artists Television, Inc. , 425 Federal Reporter F.2d 397, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit held that the doctrine of indivisibility could not operate to wholly deprive an author of his copyright when a mere licensee secured a copyright in a collective work but the author never secured a separate copyright on his own. The doctrine of indivisibility was expressly eliminated in the Copyright Act of 1976 . Assignees of rights in a copyrighted work now have standing to directly file suit against infringers. Category United States copyright law Category Legal doctrines and principles US law stub ... more details
The Brezhnev Doctrine lang ru , lang uk was a Soviet Union foreign policy , first and most clearly outlined by S. Kovalev in a September 26, 1968 Pravda article, entitled Sovereignty and the International Obligations of Socialist Countries. Leonid Ilych Brezhnev Leonid Brezhnev reiterated it in a speech at the Fifth Congress of the Polish United Workers Party on November 13, 1968, which stated When forces that are hostile to socialism try to turn the development of some socialist country towards capitalism , it becomes not only a problem of the country concerned, but a common problem and concern of all socialist countries. This doctrine was announced to retroactively justify the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968 that ended the Prague Spring , along with earlier Soviet military interventions, such as the Hungarian revolution of 1956 invasion of Hungary in 1956 . These interventions were meant to put an end to democratic liberalization efforts ... bloc. Implicit in this doctrine was that the leadership of the Soviet Union reserved, for itself, the right to define socialism and capitalism . Following the announcement of the Brezhnev Doctrine, numerous ... and to further ensure inter state cooperation. The principles of the doctrine were so broad that the Soviets ... war in Afghanistan Afghanistan in 1979 . The Brezhnev Doctrine stayed in effect until it was finally ..., Prague and Warsaw Overcoming the Brezhnev Doctrine. Cold War History 1, no. 2 2001 103 118. ref ... named Sinatra Doctrine in 1989. See also Wikisourcepar2 Brezhnev Doctrine Text of Brezhnev s speech Truman Doctrine Johnson Doctrine Domino theory Cold War Gladio Ulbricht Doctrine Reagan Doctrine Soviet occupations Sinatra Doctrine References reflist Bibliography Ouimet, Matthew The Rise and Fall of the Brezhnev Doctrine in Soviet Foreign Policy. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill ... fr Doctrine Brejnev fy Brezjnev doktrine ko hr Bre njevljeva doktrina it Dottrina ... more details
dablink Principle of law redirects here. For other uses, see law principle . A legal doctrine is a framework, set of rules, procedural steps, or test, often established through precedent in the common law , through which judgments can be determined in a given legal case. A doctrine comes about when a judge makes a ruling where a process is outlined and applied, and allows for it to be equally applied to like cases. When enough judges make use of the process soon enough it becomes established as the de facto method of deciding like situations. See also Constitutionalism Constitutional economics Rule according to higher law External links Emerson H. Tiller and Frank B. Cross, http www.law.northwestern.edu lawreview v100 n1 517 LR100n1Tiller Cross.pdf What is Legal Doctrine? , Northwestern University Law Review , Vol. 100 1, 2006. DEFAULTSORT Legal Doctrine Category Legal doctrines and principles Law stub bg it Dottrina ru ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced December 2009 lead too short December 2009 Prime Minister of Israel Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin enunciated what came to be known as the Begin doctrine On no account shall we permit an enemy to develop weapons of mass destruction WMD against the people of Israel . This doctrine has been used by Israeli politicians to justify a possible attack on Iran s project to develop a nuclear facility. Begin formed the doctrine to justify the Israeli attack on the Iraq i nuclear reactor Osirak in Operation Opera in 1981. Category Foreign policy doctrines Category 1981 in Israel Category 1981 in international relations Israel stub ... more details
The Powell Doctrine is a journalist created term, named after General Colin Powell in the run up to the 1990 1991 Gulf War . It is based in large part on the Weinberger Doctrine , devised by Caspar Weinberger , former United States Secretary of Defense Secretary of Defense and Powell s former boss. The Powell Doctrine states that a list of questions all have to be answered affirmatively before military action is taken by the United States Is a vital national security interest threatened? Do we have a clear attainable objective? Have the risks and costs been fully and frankly analyzed? Have all other non violent policy means been fully exhausted? Is there a plausible exit strategy to avoid endless entanglement? Have the consequences of our action been fully considered? Is the action supported by the American people? Do we have genuine broad international support? ref http www.pbs.org newshour extra teachers lessonplans iraq powelldoctrine.html The Powell Doctrine Background, Application and Critical Analysis , Doug DuBrin, NewsHour Extra ref As Powell said in an April 1, 2009 interview on The Rachel Maddow Show TV series The Rachel Maddow Show , the Doctrine denotes the exhausting of all political, economic, and diplomatic means, which, only if those means prove to be futile, should a nation resort to military force. Powell has expanded upon the Doctrine, asserting that when a nation is engaging in war, every resource and tool should be used to achieve decisive force against the enemy, minimizing US casualties and ending the conflict quickly by forcing the weaker force to capitulate. This is well in line with Western military strategy dating at least from Carl von Clausewitz s On War . Citation needed date May 2010 The Doctrine has been used to compare the Vietnam War , the Gulf ... ref See also Bush Doctrine Pottery barn rule Reagan Doctrine Just War Weinberger Doctrine References ... fr Doctrine Powell pl Doktryna Powella ru ... more details
The Drago Doctrine was announced in 1902 by the Argentina Argentine Minister of Foreign Affairs Luis Mar a Drago . Extending the Monroe Doctrine , it set forth the policy that no foreign power, including the United States , could use force against an Americas American nation to collect debt . It was supplanted in 1904 by the Roosevelt Corollary . It grew from the ideas expressed by Carlos Calvo historian Carlos Calvo in Derecho internacional te rico y pr ctico de Europa y Am rica , commonly known as the Calvo Doctrine . The Calvo Doctrine proposed to prohibit diplomatic intervention before local resources were exhausted. The Drago Doctrine itself was a response to the actions of Britain, Germany, and Italy, who had blockaded and shelled ports in response to Venezuela s massive debt, acquired under president Cipriano Castro . A modified version by Horace Porter was adopted at the Hague in 1907, adding that arbitration and litigation should always be used first. ref cite web url http www.bartleby.com 65 ca Calvo Ca.html title Columbia Encyclopedia article on the Calvo Doctrine publisher bartleby.com accessdate 9 April 2011 ref ref cite web url http www.bartleby.com 65 dr Drago Lu.html title Columbia Encyclopedia article on Luis Mar a Drago publisher bartleby.com accessdate 9 April 2011 ref ref cite web url http www.encyclopedia.com html D Drago L1u.asp title Encyclopedia.com article on Luis Mar a Drago publisher Encyclopedia.com accessdate 9 April 2011 ref References reflist Category Foreign policy doctrines Category 1902 in law Category Political history of Argentina Category History of Argentina 1880 1916 Category 1902 in international relations Category Politics of Venezuela Category 1902 in Venezuela Category 1902 in South America poli stub Argentina hist stub cs Dragova doktr na es Doctrina Drago fr Doctrine Drago pt Doutrina Drago ru sr tr Drago Doktrini ... more details
The Fairness Doctrine was a policy of the United States Federal Communications Commission FCC , introduced ... and balanced. The FCC decided to eliminate the Doctrine in 1987, and in August 2011 the FCC formally removed the language that implemented the Doctrine. ref name Finally cite web last Boliek first Brooks title FCC finally kills off fairness doctrine url http www.politico.com news stories 0811 61851.html work POLITICO date August 22, 2011 ref The Fairness Doctrine had two basic elements It required .... The doctrine did not require equal time for opposing views but required that contrasting viewpoints be presented. ref cite news last Rendall first Steve coauthors title The Fairness Doctrine How ... The main agenda for the doctrine was to ensure that viewers were exposed to a diversity of viewpoints ... right to enforce the Fairness Doctrine where channels were limited. But the courts did not rule that the FCC ... a need for the Doctrine. However, the proliferation of cable television, multiple channels within .... The Fairness Doctrine should not be confused with the Equal time rule Equal Time rule. The Fairness Doctrine deals with discussion of controversial issues, while the Equal Time rule deals only with political ... Doctrine. It established two forms of regulation on broadcasters to provide adequate coverage of public ... Communications Commission, the broadcast industry, and the fairness doctrine 1981 1987 , New ... time to issue oriented citizens. Broadcasters could therefore trigger Fairness Doctrine complaints without editorializing. The commission required neither of the Fairness Doctrine s obligations before ... ref ref Report on Editorializing by Broadcast Licensees, 13 F.C.C. 1246 1949 ref The doctrine remained ... of the doctrine were incorporated into FCC regulations. ref Donald P. Mullally, The Fairness Doctrine Benefits and Costs , The Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 33, No. 4 Winter, 1969 1970 , p. 577 ref Application of the Doctrine by the FCC In 1974, the Federal Communications Commission stated ... more details
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