Military doctrine is the concise expression of how military forces contribute to Military campaign campaign ... engagement s. It is a guide to action, not hard and fast rules. Doctrine provides a common frame ... common ways of accomplishing military tasks. Doctrine links theory, history, experimentation, and practice. Its objective is to foster initiative and creative thinking. Doctrine provides the military ... lexicon for use by military planners and leaders. Defining doctrine NATO s definition of doctrine ... Military doctrine is a formal expression of military knowledge and thought, that the army accepts ... Air University staff study in 1948 defined military doctrine functionally as those concepts, principles ..., 13 July 1948, quoted in Futrell, Robert Frank. Ideas, Concepts, Doctrine Basic Thinking in the United ... definition of doctrine as the central idea of an army . ref Gary Sheffield, Doctrine & Command in the British Army, A Historical Overview, Army Doctrine Publication Land Operations, DGD&D, British Army , May 2005, p.165 ref The Soviet Dictionary of Basic Military Terms defined military doctrine ... and the use of the armed forces in them... Military doctrine has two aspects social political and military technical. ref Moscow Voenizdat, 1965, quoted in William Odom , Soviet Military Doctrine, Foreign .... NATO s capstone doctrine Development of doctrine Before the development of separate doctrinal publications ... under various names were subsequently published. Formal British Military Doctrine was first published in 1988 and in 1996 became British Defence Doctrine applicable throughout the armed forces. France The development of military doctrine in France came about in the aftermath of the nation ... commandant, Ferdinand Foch , began developing a consistent doctrine for handling armies, corps, and divisions ... of War , expressed this doctrine. Prussia and German Empire Prussian doctrine was published as Regulations ... of the 17th June, 1870 . The doctrine was revised in 1887 and published in English in 1893 as The Order ... more details
Princely States topics The Doctrine of Lapse was an annexation policy purportedly devised by James Andrew Broun Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie Lord Dalhousie , who was the Governor General for the East India Company in India between 1848 and 1856. According to the Doctrine, any principality princely state or territory under the direct influence paramountcy of the British East India Company the dominant imperialism imperial power in the Indian subcontinent subcontinent , as a vassal state under the British Subsidiary System, would automatically be annexed if the ruler was either manifestly incompetent or died without a direct heir . ref name keay John Keay Keay, John . India A History . Grove Press Books, distributed by Publishers Group West. United States 2000 ISBN 0 8021 3797 0, p. 433. ref The latter supplanted the long established right of an Indian sovereign without an heir to choose a successor. In addition, the British decided whether potential rulers were competent enough. The doctrine and its application were widely regarded by Indians as illegitimate. At the time of its adoption, the Company had absolute, imperial administrative jurisdiction over many regions spread over the subcontinent. The company took over the princely states of Satara 1848 , Jaipur and Sambalpur 1849 , Nagpur and Jhansi 1854 and Awadh Oudh 1856 and Udaipur using this doctrine. The Company added about four million pounds sterling to its annual revenue by use of this doctrine. ref name wolpert Wolpert ... India Company, renounced the doctrine. ref Wolpert 1989 , p. 240. ref The princely state of Kittur was taken over by the East India Company in 1824 by imposing a Doctrine Of Lapse . So it is debatable ... by putting it to paper and ink. Dalhousie s annexations and the doctrine of lapse had caused suspicion ... British India Category Indian Rebellion of 1857 de Doctrine of Lapse it Dottrina della decadenza ml sv Doctrine of lapse ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2009 The Fukuda Doctrine was asserted by Japan ese Prime Minister Takeo Fukuda . In 1977, while on a tour of the ASEAN member states, the prime minister made a speech in Manila in which he articulated Japan s foreign policy that later became known as the Fukuda Doctrine. Prime Minister Fukuda pledged that Japan, a country committed to peace, would never become a military power and that Japan would build up relationship of mutual confidence and trust with Southeast Asia n countries in wide ranging fields, and that Japan would cooperate positively with ASEAN and its member countries in their own efforts, as an equal partner. The Fukuda Doctrine serves as the foundation of Japan s current and future diplomacy toward the rest of Asia. Category Foreign relations of Postwar Japan Category Foreign policy doctrines Category 1977 in Japan Category 1977 in international relations Japan gov stub ja zh ... more details
MB Doctrine is the foreign policy doctrine of South Korea n President of South Korea president ref cite news last Jin first Dae woong url http www.koreaherald.co.kr NEWKHSITE data html dir 2007 12 21 200712210049.asp title Lee Myung bak the bulldozer politician publisher The Korea Herald date 21 December 2007 ref Lee Myung bak . The policy advocates North Korea South Korea relations engagement with North Korea and strong South Korea United States relations . ref cite news last Jin first Dae woong url http www.koreaherald.co.kr NEWKHSITE data html dir 2007 12 21 200712210050.asp title Veteran diplomats, academics formulate the MB doctrine publisher The Korea Herald date 21 December 2007 ref References references See also South Korea United States relations North Korea South Korea relations Category Foreign policy doctrines Category Foreign relations of South Korea Category Politics of South Korea Korea stub ... more details
The Clinton Doctrine is not a clear statement in the way that many other United States Presidential doctrines were. However, in a February 26, 1999, speech, President Bill Clinton said the following, which was generally considered to summarize the Clinton Doctrine ref cite web author Michael T. Klare url http www.thenation.com doc 19990419 klare title The Clinton Doctrine date 1999 04 19 accessdate 2008 09 16 publisher The Nation Dead link date September 2010 bot H3llBot ref It s easy ... to say that we really have no interests in who lives in this or that valley in Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia , or who owns a strip of brushland in the Horn of Africa , or some piece of parched earth by the Jordan River . But the true measure of our interests lies not in how small or distant these places are, or in whether we have trouble pronouncing their names. The question we must ask is, what are the consequences to our security of letting conflicts fester and spread. We cannot, indeed, we should not, do everything or be everywhere. But where our values and our interests are at stake, and where we can make a difference, we must be prepared to do so. Clinton later made statements that augmented the doctrine of Interventionism politics interventionism Genocide is in and of itself a national interest where we should act and we can say to the people of the world, whether you live in Africa , or Central Europe , or any other place, if somebody comes after innocent civilians and tries to kill them en masse because of their race, their ethnic background or their religion, and it s within our power to stop it, we will stop it. The Clinton Doctrine was used to justify the American involvement in the Yugoslav Wars . President Clinton was criticized for not intervening to stop the Rwandan Genocide of 1994. Other observers viewed Operation Gothic Serpent in Somalia as a mistake. See also Obama Doctrine 2009 Bush Doctrine 2001 2009 . Reagan Doctrine 1981 1989 . Carter Doctrine 1977 1981 . References ... more details
dablink For the 18th century book on probability theory, see The Doctrine of Chances . Evidence law In law , the doctrine of chances is a rules of evidence rule of evidence law evidence that allows evidence to show that it is unlikely a defendant would be repeatedly, innocently involved in similar, suspicious circumstances. Normally, under Federal Rules of Evidence Federal Rule of Evidence 404, evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is not admissible to prove the character of a person in order to show action in conformity therewith. Using the doctrine of chances allows a prosecutor to admit evidence of prior accidents that can persuade a jury that prior incidents are so similar that it is very improbable that the case at bar is actually accidental. The doctrine of chances was first developed by English courts in the case George Joseph Smith Rex v. Smith , 11 Cr. App. R. 229, 84 L.J.K.B. 2153 1915 , better known as the brides in the bath murder . In this case the defendant was accused of murdering his wife by drowning her in a bath. The defendant claimed that his wife had fainted in the bath. The prosecutor sought to include evidence in the trial that the defendant s two previous wives had both died in the same way. The evidence was allowed. References United States v. Tyndale, 56 M.J. 209, 213 C.A.A.F. 2001 , http www.armfor.uscourts.gov opinions 2002Term 00 0113.htm Federal Rule of Evidence 404, http www.law.cornell.edu rules fre rules.htm Rule404 law term stub Category Evidence law Category Legal doctrines and principles ... more details
Refimprove date November 2006 The Rumsfeld Doctrine , named after former United States Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld , is a neologism created by journalists Citation needed date September 2008 concerned with the perceived transformation of the military of the United States . It would be considered Rumsfeld s own take on RMA Revolution in Military Affairs . It seeks to increase force readiness and decrease the amount of supply required to maintain forces, by reducing the number in a theater. This is done mainly by using LAVs LAV Light Armoured Vehicles to scout for enemies who are then destroyed via airstrike s. The basic tenets of this military strategy are High technology combat systems Reliance on air forces Small, nimble ground forces. Afghanistan and the Iraq wars are considered the two closest implementations of this doctrine. Opposition Opponents argue that the doctrine entails a heavy reliance on air strikes to replace a lack of ground forces. Beginning with Saddam Hussein , there were at least 50 air strikes aimed at decapitating the Iraqi leadership. Not a single one was successful. However, there were extensive civilian casualties. ref http www.hrw.org reports 2003 usa1203 ref Opponents also claim that without ground troops to secure the border, top Baath Party Ba athist regime members fled the country with vast Iraqi funds and foreign Iraqi insurgency insurgents moved into the country. There were not enough troops to defend the Iraqi border from foreign backed ... Doctrine as one of just enough troops to lose . ref name Friedman cite news title Iraq Politics or Policy ... surge in Iraq , the influence of the Rumsfeld Doctrine seems to be declining. See also Powell Doctrine ... www.businessweek.com magazine content 04 17 b3880048.htm Bruce Nussbaum Criticism of Rumsfeld Doctrine ... WSJ on 2520Rumsfeld 2520Doctrine.doc 22Rumsfeld Doctrine 22&hl en Greg Jaffe Take on the Rumsfeld Doctrine Foreign relations of the United States expanded DPC Category Foreign policy doctrines of the United ... more details
The Casta eda Doctrine is a term used as reference to Mexico s foreign policy during the presidency of Vicente Fox . Its name derives from Jorge G. Casta eda , proponent of the policy. President Fox appointed Casta eda to be his Secretary of Foreign Affairs Mexico Secretary of Foreign Affairs at the beginning of his term. Casta eda immediately broke with the old style foreign policy, known as the Estrada Doctrine . The new foreign policy called for an openness and an acceptance of criticism from the international community, and the increase of Mexican involvement in foreign affairs. ref http web.archive.org web 20091027011156 http mx.geocities.com cencoalt 110901 doctrina.htm La nueva diplomacia mexicana se defini con base en el cambio pol tico inaugurado el 2 de julio del 2000 y en las transformaciones del mundo. Por tanto, M xico ser activo en defensa de la democracia que le cost muchos a os consolidar por la v a de la alternancia. ref However, after a series of foreign policy blunders, among which include Mexico s temporary rift with Cuba and criticism from many Latin American countries such as Argentina and Venezuela for adopting a pro US stance with this doctrine, the Casta eda has been effectively, if not officially, discontinued under the Calder n administration. Citation needed date May 2010 References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Castaneda Doctrine Category Politics of Mexico Category Vicente Fox pt Doutrina Casta eda ... more details
In American jurisprudence , the overbreadth doctrine is primarily concerned with facial challenge s to laws under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution First Amendment . American courts have recognized several exceptions to the speech protected by the First Amendment for example, obscenity , fighting words , and libel or defamation , and states therefore have some latitude to regulate unprotected speech. A statute doing so is overly broad hence, overbreadth if, in proscribing unprotected speech, it also proscribes protected speech. Because an overly broad law may deter constitutionally protected speech, the overbreadth doctrine allows a party to whom the law may constitutionally be applied to challenge the statute on the ground that it violates the First Amendment rights of others. See, e.g., Board of Trustees of State Univ. of Board of Trustees, State Univ. of N. Y. v. Fox N.Y. v. Fox, 492 U.S. 469, 483 1989 , and R. A. V. v. City of St. Paul R. A. V. v. City of St. Paul, 505 U.S. 377 1992 . Overbreadth is closely related to Void for vagueness vagueness if a prohibition is expressed in a way that is too unclear for a person to reasonably know whether or not their conduct falls within the law, then to avoid the risk of legal consequences they often stay far away from anything that could possibly fit the uncertain wording of the law. The law s effects are thereby ..., 130 S.Ct. 1577, 1592 Alito, J., dissenting . The overbreadth doctrine is to strike a balance between competing social costs. U.S. v. Williams, 553 U.S. 285, 292. Specifically, the doctrine seeks ... . Lewis Sargentich first analyzed and named the doctrine in his famous note in the Harvard Law Review , The First Amendment Overbreadth Doctrine 83 Harv. L. Rev. 844 . Then, citing Sargentich s note, the Supreme Court in Broadrick v. Oklahoma explicitly recognized the doctrine in 1973. External links ... Doctrine Category United States Free Speech Clause case law ko ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Intellectual property In trademark law , the functionality doctrine prevents manufacturer s from protecting specific features of a product by means of trademark law. This separates trademarks from patent s &mdash trademarks serve to protect a business firm s reputation and Goodwill business goodwill , whereas patents serve to protect processes, machine s, and material invention s. If a feature gives a producer a competitive advantage which is not related entirely to its function as a brand identifier, then it cannot be trademarked. The rationale behind this doctrine is that product markets would not be truly competitive if newcomers could not make product with a feature that consumers demand. See also Idea expression divide Trade dress US law stub Category Trademark law Category Legal doctrines and principles ... more details
of State John Quincy Adams , author of the Monroe Doctrine The Monroe Doctrine is a policy of the United ... requiring U.S. intervention. ref name The Monroe Doctrine 1823 United States Department of State ... Doctrine 1823 ref The Doctrine noted that the United States would neither interfere with existing European colonies nor meddle in the internal concerns of European countries. The Doctrine was issued ... President James Monroe first stated the doctrine during his seventh annual State of the Union Address ... Doctrine persisted with only minor variations for almost two centuries. Its primary objective ... that would make the New World a battleground for the Old. The doctrine put forward that the New ... ref Background Dexter Perkins wrote that the Monroe Doctrine was inspired by the Napoleonic Wars ... books.google.com books?id FL G WdsCX0C&pg PA136&lpg PA136 ref The Doctrine The full document of the Monroe Doctrine is long and couched in diplomatic language, but its essence is expressed in two key ... monroe.htm The Monroe Doctrine U.S. Department of State, USInfo website, accessed 2 November 2011 ref ... colonization by any European powers. The second key passage, a fuller statement of the Doctrine, is addressed ... Doctrine 1823 We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amicable relations existing between ... the United States. Effects of the Monroe Doctrine International Response Because the U.S. lacked both a credible navy and army at the time, the doctrine was largely disregarded internationally. ref name Brit1 However, the Doctrine met with tacit British approval, and the Royal Navy mostly enforced ... 2009 10 12 isbn 9780391041059 ref The Special Relationship The Monroe Doctrine was viewed as a precursor ... The reaction in Latin America to the Monroe Doctrine was undeniably upbeat. John Crow, author .... Furthermore, they figured that the Monroe Doctrine was powerless if it stood alone against the Holy .... In the eyes of Bolivar and his men, the Monroe Doctrine was to become nothing more than a tool of national ... more details
The Doctrine of the Mean zh c p zh ng y ng , is both a concept and one of the books of Confucian teachings. The composition of the text is attributed to Zisi or Kong Ji the only grandson of Confucius, and it came from a chapter in the Classic of Rites . The term is originally derived from a verse of the Analects which reads cquote2 The Master Confucius said, The virtue embodied in the doctrine of the Mean is of the highest order. But it has long been rare among people Doctrine of the Mean 6 26 Burton Watson tr. However, the Analects never expands on what this term means. The Doctrine of the Mean as a text was adopted into the later Confucian Canon of the Neo Confucian movement as compiled by Zhu Xi , and delves into great detail the meaning of this term, as well as how to apply it to one s life. Alternate translations Alternate translations of the term include the Constant Mean James, Legge the Middle Way Simon, Leys the Middle Use Arthur Waley the Unswerving Unwobbling Pivot or Pivot ... Robert Foster Interpretation The Doctrine of the Mean is a text rich with symbolism and guidance ..., as long as they do not exceed their natural order Internet Sacred Text Archive, 2008 . The Doctrine ... year 2008 isbn 1593392923 ref . The guiding principle is that one should never act in excess. The Doctrine ... prior to the twentieth century the Doctrine of the Mean was integrated into the education system ... and understanding of the Four Classics, included in this is the Doctrine of the Mean. The imperial ... system. Using the Doctrine of the Mean has become a useful source for Neo Confucians due to the similarities ... linked to traditional Confucian thought. See also Aristotle s Nicomachean Ethics Doctrine of the Mean ... zhongyong.html excerpts of the Doctrine of the Mean at Chinaknowledge http www.nothingistic.org library ... Chan wikisource The Doctrine of the Mean wikisourcelang zh Confucian texts ChineseText Category ... Yong ko id Zhong Yong it Il giusto mezzo nl Doctrine van het Midden ja pl Doktryna rodka ... more details
The term Eisenhower Doctrine refers to a speech by President Dwight David Eisenhower on 5 January 1957, within a Special Message to the United States Congress Congress on the Situation in the Middle East . Under the Eisenhower Doctrine, a country could request American economic assistance and or aid from U.S. military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression from another state ref Buescher, John. http teachinghistory.org history content ask a historian 23930 The U.S. and Egypt in the 1950s , http www.teachinghistory.org Teachinghistory.org , accessed August 20, 2011. ref . Eisenhower singled out the Soviet threat in his doctrine by authorizing the commitment of U.S. forces to secure and protect the territorial integrity and political independence of such nations, requesting such aid against covert armed aggression from any nation controlled by international communism. ref The Eisenhower Doctrine, 1957 see http www.state.gov r pa ho time lw 82548.htm ref In the global political context, the Doctrine was made in response to the possibility of a generalized war, threatened as a result of the Soviet Union s attempt to use the Suez War as a pretext to enter Egypt . Coupled with the power vacuum left by the decline of United Kingdom British and France French power in the region after the US protested against the conduct of their allies during the Suez War, Eisenhower felt that a strong position needed to better the situation was further complicated by the positions taken ... the Soviets. On the regional level, the intent was that the Doctrine would help to provide the independent ... Communist influence through isolation of Nasser. The doctrine largely failed on that front .... The Eisenhower Doctrine was a backflip against the previous policy, however, the US now had the burden of military action in the Middle East to itself. The military action provisions of the Doctrine ... doktr na de Eisenhower Doktrin et Eisenhoweri doktriin fr Doctrine Eisenhower ko it Dottrina ... more details
Onesource date June 2008 The Weinberger Doctrine was a list of points governing when the United States could commit troops in military engagements. The doctrine was publicly disclosed by U.S. Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger on November 28, 1984 in a speech entitled The Uses of Military Power delivered before the National Press Club USA National Press Club in Washington, D.C. The Weinberger Doctrine was an outgrowth of the collective lessons learned from the Vietnam War and the desire of the U.S. government to avoid such quagmires in the future. ref LaFeber, Walter. The Rise and Fall of Colin Powell. Political Science Quarterly. Vol. 124, No. 1 March, 2009 pp. 71 93. ref The Weinberger doctrine The United States should not commit forces to combat unless the vital national interests of the United States or its allies are involved. U.S. troops should only be committed wholeheartedly and with the clear intention of winning. Otherwise, troops should not be committed. U.S. combat troops should be committed only with clearly defined political and military objectives and with the capacity to accomplish those objectives. The relationship between the objectives and the size and composition of the forces committed should be continually reassessed and adjusted if necessary. U.S. troops should not be committed to battle without a reasonable assurance of the support of U.S. public opinion and Congress. The commitment of U.S. troops should be considered only as a last resort. Events leading to the Weinberger Doctrine Two unconnected events led to Weinberger s speech. One was his wanting ... of the Weinberger Doctrine, was the legacy of the Vietnam War. From 1975 and the fall of South .... Notably, the Secretary of State at the time of the Doctrine s publishing, George Shultz ... D.C. Potomac Books, Inc., 2008. ref See also Vietnam War Powell doctrine Bush doctrine References ... Category Presidency of Ronald Reagan fr Doctrine Weinberger uk ... more details
The Nixon Doctrine also known as the Guam Doctrine was put forth in a press conference in Guam on July 25, 1969 by President of the United States U.S. President Richard Nixon . He stated that the United States henceforth expected its allies to take care of their own military defense, but that the U.S. would aid in defense as requested. The Doctrine argued for the pursuit of peace through a partnership with American allies. In Nixon s own words Address to the Nation on the War in Vietnam November 3, 1969 ref cite web author Richard M. Nixon title President Nixon s Speech on Vietnamization date November 3, 1969 url http vietnam.vassar.edu doc14.html format reprint ref First, the United States will keep all of its treaty commitments. Second, we shall provide a shield if a nuclear power threatens the freedom of a nation allied with us or of a nation whose survival we consider vital to our security. Third, in cases involving other types of aggression, we shall furnish military and economic assistance ... directly threatened to assume the primary responsibility of providing the manpower for its defense. The doctrine ... aid to Iran and Saudi Arabia . ref name time doctrine cite news url http www.time.com time magazine ... Doctrine date 2007 01 04 publisher Time magazine TIME ref According to author Michael Klare , ref ... York Henry Holt, 2004 ref application of the Nixon Doctrine opened the floodgates of U.S. military aid to allies in the Persian Gulf, and helped set the stage for the Carter Doctrine and for the subsequent direct U.S. military involvement of the Gulf War and the Iraq War . Doctrine In Practice Both Nixonians and Contrarians argue that the Guam Doctrine may have masked other needs, intentions, and motives ... J. Kimball title The Nixon Doctrine A Saga of Misunderstanding year 2006 journal Presidential Studies ... Nixon da Nixondoktrinen de Nixon Doktrin et Nixoni doktriin es Doctrina Nixon fr Doctrine Nixon ko it Dottrina Nixon hu Nixon doktr na nl Nixon doctrine ja no Nixon doktrinen pl ... more details
The Dahiya doctrine is a military strategy put forth by the Israeli general Gadi Eizenkot that pertains to asymmetric warfare in an urban setting, in which the army deliberately targets civilian infrastructure, as a means of inducing suffering for the civilian population, thereby establishing deterrence. ref name UN United Nations General Assembly, http www2.ohchr.org english bodies hrcouncil docs 12session A HRC 12 48.pdf Report of the United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict , 25 09 2010 ref The doctrine is named after a Hizbullah stronghold in Beirut with large apartment buildings which were flattened by the Israel Defense Forces IDF during the 2006 Lebanon War . ref name FinallyRealizes http www.ynet.co.il english articles 0,7340,L 3605863,00.html The Dahiya Strategy Israel finally realizes that Arabs should be accountable for their leaders acts The Dahiya strategy, according to IDF Northern Command Chief Gadi Eisenkot. Interview in Yedioth Ahronoth. 10.06.08. ref Israel ... War The first public announcement of the doctrine was made by General Gadi Eizenkot , commander of the IDF ...&pg PA401&dq 22dahiya doctrine 22&hl en&ei v1mnTeaBL4TEswaI36j7Bg&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum ... , Israeli journalist Yaron London wrote in 2008 that the doctrine, will become entrenched in our security ... makes several references to the Dahiya doctrine, calling it a concept which requires the application ... that the doctrine had been put into practice during the conflict. ref name UN Criticism The doctrine ... approach expressed in the Dahiye Doctrine deals with asymmetrical combat against an enemy ... to the magnitude of the enemy s actions. The report further argues that the doctrine was fully ... Falk wrote that under the doctrine, the civilian infrastructure of adversaries such as Hamas or Hezbollah ... elementary norms of the law of war and of universal morality, but an avowal of a doctrine of violence ... cs Doktr na Dah ja fr Doctrine Dahiya ... more details
unreferenced date February 2008 Wikify date July 2011 Infobox Novel series name The Doctrine of Labyrinths books M lusine novel M lusine , The Virtu novel The Virtu , The Mirador novel The Mirador , Corambis novel Corambis author Sarah Monette image image caption title orig translator illustrator cover artist country United States language English language English genre publisher Ace Books pub date 2005 2009 english pub date media type preceded by followed by The Doctrine of Labyrinths is a series of fantasy novels by Sarah Monette . Set in the fantasy world of Meduse, it tells the story of the adventures ... and greatest pupil of Doctrine of Labyrinths Brinvillier Strych Brinvillier Strych . She practiced ... School of wizardry. Former master, lover and torturer of Doctrine of Labyrinths Felix Harrowgate ... brother and man at arms of Doctrine of Labyrinths Mavortian von Heber Mavortian von Heber . Initially ... time employer of Doctrine of Labyrinths Mildmay the Fox Mildmay the Fox . He might have been a fairly ... skiff, or river dragger, and best friend of Doctrine of Labyrinths Mildmay the Fox Mildmay the Fox ... of Doctrine of Labyrinths Shannon Teverius Shannon Teverius . The only annemer in the history of Marathat ... assassination of Doctrine of Labyrinths Jane Teveria Jane Teveria . Pupil of Doctrine of Labyrinths Porphyria Levant Porphyria Levant . Gareth Teverius Son of Jane Teveria, and father of Doctrine of Labyrinths Stephen Teverius Stephen Teverius and Doctrine of Labyrinths Victoria Teveria Victoria Teveria by Dulcinea Polydoria , and Doctrine of Labyrinths Shannon Teverius Shannon Teverius by Gloria Aestia . Jane Teveria Mother of Lord Doctrine of Labyrinths Gareth Teverius Gareth Teverius , and therefore grandmother of Doctrine of Labyrinths Victoria Victoria Teveria , Doctrine of Labyrinths Stephen Stephen Teverius and Doctrine of Labyrinths Shannon Shannon Teverius . Burnt to death by Brinvillier ... Interview with Sarah Monette at wotmania DEFAULTSORT Doctrine Of Labyrinths Category Fantasy novel ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2007 In broadcast law particularly within U.S. law , the pervasiveness doctrine is the doctrine that because broadcast radio wave s are available to anyone and therefore uniquely pervasive , their Content media and publishing content is subject to regulation. In general, profanity and sex , or other adult material deemed indecent by a broadcasting authority may not be broadcast outside of overnight watershed broadcasting watershed or safe harbor hours when children are likely to be awake. Material deemed obscene may still be prohibited at all times. This has generally been held to only apply to the AM broadcast band mediumwave , FM broadcast band VHF band II , and TV broadcast band s VHF band I and band III , and UHF . It does not apply to cable TV , cable radio , satellite TV , satellite radio , or other forms of electronic media, because although they also use publicly owned airwaves, these are subscription services which the listener or viewer must explicitly request, and are subject to conditional access , analog scrambler scrambling , or digital encryption . The origin of the name comes from the Federal Communications Commission s 1978 legal case against Pacifica Radio , when the U.S. Supreme Court used the term to justify the verdict against the broadcaster. The Federal Communications Commission v. Pacifica Foundation case is considered a landmark for American broadcasters. DEFAULTSORT Pervasiveness Doctrine Category 1978 in law Category Broadcast law Law stub Broadcast stub ... more details
Doctrine was a strategy orchestrated and implemented by the United States under the Presidency ... the final years of the Cold War . While the doctrine lasted less than a decade, it was the centerpiece ... the Reagan Doctrine, the U.S. Covert U.S. regime change actions provided overt and covert aid to anti ... Soviet backed communist governments in Africa , Asia , and Latin America . The doctrine was designed ... strategy. History of U.S. Presidential doctrines The Reagan Doctrine followed in the tradition of President ... solutions to them. The practice began with the Monroe Doctrine of President James Monroe in 1823, and continued with the Roosevelt Corollary , sometimes called the Roosevelt Doctrine, introduced by Theodore ... with the 1947 Truman Doctrine , under which the U.S. provided support to the governments of Greece and Turkey .... The Truman Doctrine was followed by the Eisenhower Doctrine , the Kennedy Doctrine , the Johnson Doctrine , the Nixon Doctrine and the Carter Doctrine , all of which defined the foreign policy approaches .... Origins of the Reagan Doctrine Carter administration and Afghanistan Main Operation Cyclone ... . At least one component of the Reagan Doctrine technically pre dated the Presidency of Ronald Reagan ... to significantly expand Carter s Afghanistan policy into a more global doctrine, including U.S. ... Reagan Doctrine advocate, visited with resistance movements in Angola, Cambodia, Nicaragua, and other ... support to them. Heritage Foundation foreign policy experts also endorsed the Reagan Doctrine ... Doctrine was rather quickly applied in Angola and Nicaragua, with the U.S. providing military ... Foundation urged further expanding the Reagan Doctrine to Ethiopia, where they argued that the 1984 ... Foundation and the Reagan administration also sought to apply the Reagan Doctrine in Cambodia .... Wthe Reagan Doctrine enjoyed strong support from the Heritage Foundation and the American Enterprise Institute , the libertarian oriented Cato Institute opposed the Reagan Doctrine, arguing in 1986 ... more details
File Jimmy Carter Library and Museum 98.JPG thumb right A document related to the Carter Doctrine The Carter Doctrine was a policy proclaimed by President of the United States Jimmy Carter in his State of the Union Address on January 23, 1980, which stated that the United States would use military force if necessary to defend its national interest s in the Persian Gulf region. The doctrine was a response ... by any means necessary, including military force. This last, key sentence of the Carter Doctrine ... National Security Adviser . Brzezinski modeled the wording of the Carter Doctrine on the Truman Doctrine ... , author Daniel Yergin notes that the Carter Doctrine bore striking similarities to a 1903 Great Britain ... the Truman Doctrine , the Eisenhower Doctrine , and the Nixon Doctrine played roles in the formulation of the Carter Doctrine. The Truman Doctrine, which stated that the United States would send ... to the United States. ref harv Yergin 1991 p 428 ref The Eisenhower Doctrine in turn called for U.S. .... Finally, application of the Nixon Doctrine provided military aid to Iran and Saudi Arabia so that these U.S. ... of the Carter Doctrine. ref harv Klare 2004 pp 33 45 ref In July 1979, in response to a 1979 energy ... the Carter Doctrine was proclaimed, the doctrine was criticized Who date May 2011 for being not backed ... called the Reagan Corollary to the Carter Doctrine , which proclaimed that the United States ... Iraq War . Thus, while the Carter Doctrine warned away outside forces from the region, the Reagan ... have argued that the implementation of the Carter Doctrine and the Reagan Corollary also played ... of the Carter Doctrine. http repository.library.georgetown.edu handle 10822 552642 Carter Doctrine ... grinter.html Carter Doctrine in Perspective , US Air Force s College of Aerospace Doctrine, Research ... Interview with Michael Klare , in which he cites the Carter Doctrine as one of the causes of the 2003 ... fr Doctrine Carter ko it Dottrina Carter pl Doktryna Cartera ru sk Carterova ... more details
The Ulbricht Doctrine , named after East Germany East German leader Walter Ulbricht , was the assertion that normal diplomatic relations between East Germany and West Germany could only occur if both states fully recognised each other s sovereignty. This contrasted with the Hallstein Doctrine , a West German policy which insisted that West Germany was the only legitimate German state. East Germany gained acceptance of its view from fellow Communist states such as Czechoslovakia , Poland , Hungary , and Bulgaria , which all agreed not to normalise relations with West Germany until it recognised East German sovereignty. West Germany eventually abandoned its Hallstein Doctrine, instead adopting the policies of Ostpolitik . In December 1972, a Basic Treaty between East and West Germany was signed, reaffirming two German states as separate entities. The treaty also allowed the exchange of diplomatic missions, and the entry of both German states to the United Nations as full members. External links http www.isn.ethz.ch php documents collection 3 CMFA docs CMFA 1967 1967 5.pdf Warsaw Pact Foreign Ministers Meeting discussing diplomatic sanctions against West Germany Original Scan In Czech http www.documentArchiv.de brd grundlvertr.html The text of the 1972 Basic Treaty between East and West Germany in German Cold War Category Foreign policy doctrines Category Foreign relations of East Germany cy Athrawiaeth Ulbricht de Ulbricht Doktrin es Doctrina Ulbricht fr Doctrine Ulbricht ko he no Ulbricht doktrinen pl Doktryna Ulbrichta sv Ulbrichtdoktrinen ... more details
Fascism sidebar More footnotes date January 2011 The Doctrine of Fascism La dottrina del fascismo is an essay written by Giovanni Gentile , but credit is given to Benito Mussolini . It was first published in the Enciclopedia Italiana of 1932, as the first section of a lengthy entry on Fascismo Fascism . The entire entry on Fascism spans pages 847 884 of the Enciclopedia Italiana , and includes numerous photographs and graphic images. The Mussolini essay leads off the entry FASCISMO Movimento politico ... on page 847 and ends on 851 with the credit line Benito Mussolini. All subsequent translations of The Doctrine ... copies of The Doctrine of Fascism in April 1940 after he had second thoughts about certain phrases ... at which the Italian Fasci di Combattimento were founded, he will find not a doctrine but a series ... syndicalism. p. 24 Fascism is the precise negation of that doctrine which formed the basis of the so ... in their respective associations, circulate within the State. p. 41 . Benito Mussolini, 1935, The Doctrine ... of control, assistance or direct management. pp. 135 136 Benito Mussolini, 1935, Fascism Doctrine and Institutions , Rome Ardita Publishers. Edition and translation differences The Doctrine of Fascism ... peace. It thus repudiates the doctrine of Pacifism spaced ndash born of a renunciation of the struggle ... Fascism Doctrine and Institutions First of all, as regards the future development of mankind ... Mussolini s Roman Empire , by Mack Smith Penguin, ed., 1979, first published in 1976, pg 247. The Doctrine of Fascism , by Benito Mussolini, 1935, Firenze Vallecchi Editore. Fascism Doctrine and Institutions ... The Doctrine of Fascism by Benito Mussolini Complete text of the essay Dottrina Doctrines ... of the Enciclopedia Italiana . From the publication Fascism Doctrine and Institutions , by Benito ... essay on Doctrines in the 1932 edition of the Enciclopedia Italiana . From The Doctrine of Fascism ... search within this book. Fascism DEFAULTSORT Doctrine of Fascism Category Italian fascist works Category ... more details
Refimprove date November 2008 The doctrine of separation , also known as the doctrine of non fellowship, is a belief among some Protestant religious groups that the members of a church should be separate from the world and not have association with those who are of the world . There are many scriptures in both the Old Testament and New Testament of the Bible that provide the basis for this doctrine. For example Book of Amos Amos 3 3 Can two walk together except they be agreed? Ephesians 5 11 Have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness II Corinthians 6 14 Be ye not unequally yoked together with unbelievers... Book of John John 17 13 16 I am coming to you now, but I say these things while I am still in the world, so that they may have the full measure of my joy within them. I have given them your word and the world has hated them, for they are not of the world any more than I am of the world. My prayer is not that you take them out of the world but that you protect them from the evil one. They are not of the world, even as I am not of it. Different groups vary widely in what to them constitutes separation. Additionally, there is a distinction between first and second degree separation. For example, many Baptists want to live in a way that is distinct from the typical lifestyle of the world first degree . A common phrase of balance is Be in the World but not of it. Citation needed date June 2010 Others would claim that not only should one separate from the world, but also from those Christians who would not separate themselves from the world second degree . Believers in second degree separation believe that Christians who are tied up with the world are themselves guilty of apostasy for their failure to adequately separate. Practices and areas that should be separated under the more strict interpretations of the doctrine of separation include Mental Life Thoughts, reading, attitudes Physical Life Dress, physical contact, entertainment, speech Social Life Friendships ... more details
Primary sources date March 2009 The Doctrine of Exchange is a central tenet ref name Hernandez http caselaw.lp.findlaw.com scripts getcase.pl?navby search&court US&case us 490 680.html Hernandez v. Commissioner , U.S. Supreme Court ref of Scientology , which dictates that for spiritual well being, anytime a person receives something, he must pay something back ref http www.usdoj.gov osg briefs 1988 sg880419.txt ref and balance inflow with outflow . ref name Hernandez The Church of Scientology has presented this as the reason why some of its services, such as auditing Scientology auditing a central practice, and sometimes described as the central practice of Scientology ref http www.e meter.org.uk Scientology Counselling The Practice of Scientology Bot generated title ref , must never be given away, to members who are at the church, but must be paid for. This is frequently used by the Church as an explanation for the fixed pricing of its many fees. Citation needed date December 2008 The Church of Scientology has argued in its requests for tax exemption that Scientology courses must have fixed fees a practice that otherwise goes against the prohibition of quid pro quo transactions in tax exempt organizations because of this religious doctrine. Citation needed date December 2008 Exceptions Not all services fall under the Doctrine. The Church has identified some services as examples of services where no donation is expected from members ref name Scientology Today cite web url http www.scientologytoday.org Common question pg35.htm title Scientology Today How are Churches of Scientology supported financially? publisher Church of Scientology accessdate 2006 09 22 ref Listening to lectures, whether from fellow parishioners or playings of L. Ron Hubbard s lectures on tape Reading Scientology scripture in the Church library Meeting with fellow parishioner s Receiving counseling ... baptism christening s or funeral s References Reflist Portal Scientology Scientology DEFAULTSORT Doctrine ... more details
The Maddens Doctrine or Strategy refers, in politics of Belgium Belgian politics , to a strategy suggested by Bart Maddens to achieve progress in the State reform in Belgium state reform . The strategy has been adopted by, among others, the New Flemish Alliance and the Flemish People s Movement , but also has opponents, including within the Aktiekomitee Flemish Social Security , who doubts its effectiveness. The aim of this strategy is to enforce a positive evolution of the state reform from the Flemish movement Flemish nationalist point of view. Its main idea is that the reform may only achieve progress if both parties, the Flemish and the Francophones look for it. According to Maddens, if the Flemish want a reform, they have to operate in such a way that the Francophones require further devolution from the federal government to the federated entities. Three options are open in order to reach this objective create social and political organisations within Flanders which are autonomous of federal structures reduce the budget of the federal government associate any further devolution of powers from the federal government to the Communities and Regions with new financial support to the federal government. Bibliography cite web title The doctrine url http www.flanderstoday.eu content doctrine date 2009 10 27 author Anja Otte work Flanders Today accessdate 2011 07 08 cite web title I ll never be your beast of burden url http www.belgianaffairs.be 2009 06 ill never be your beast of burden.html date 2009 06 30 author Bart Haeck work De Tijd accessdate 2011 07 08 Category Politics of Belgium fr Doctrine Maddens nl Maddens strategie ... more details
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