Book Agency See also Category World Scientific academic journals Journals published by World Scientific ... in 1981 Category Companies based in Singapore he World Scientific ... more details
that scientific literacy in the United States is not measurably different from the OECD average ... Rodger W. last1 Bybee title Achieving Scientific Literacy From Purposes to Practices year 1997 publisher ...Globalize US date September 2011 Scientific literacy encompasses scientific writing written , mathematics ... , its scientific method methodology , observation s, and scientific theory theories . Definition According to the United States National Center for Education Statistics, scientific literacy is the knowledge and understanding of scientific concepts and processes required for personal decision making, participation in civic and cultural affairs, and economic productivity . ref name NCES harvnb NAS ... and reasoning as well as basic scientific facts and their meaning ask, find, or determine answers to questions derived from curiosity about everyday experiences describe, explain, and predict natural ... conversation about the validity of the conclusions identify scientific issues underlying national ... evaluate the quality of scientific information on the basis of its source and the methods used to generate it pose and evaluate arguments based on evidence and to apply conclusions from such arguments ... By contrast, scientific literacy is now taken to mean that everyone should have a working knowledge ... for All Americans ref name Rutherford1991 harvnb Rutherford Ahlgren 1991 ref and Benchmarks ... more contemporary, systems oriented views of the natural world, leading to scientific literacy ... world. Types The interdependence of humans and our natural environment is at the heart of scientific ... definition of scientific literacy. Second, a set of concepts are listed, organized into six to nine ... , ref name OL harvnb OLN 2011 ref then for the Great Lakes, ref harvnb OSGCP 2010 ref estuaries, ref harvnb NOAA 2008 ref the atmosphere, ref harvnb UCAR 2007 ref and climate. ref name CL harvnb CLN 2011 ref Earth science literacy ref name ESL harvnb ESLI 2009 ref is one of the types of literacy defined ... more details
of entities. From a child s verbal description of a snowflake, to the detailed scientific analysis ...Image Atmosphere composition diagram.jpg thumb 320px Example of scientific modelling. A schematic of chemical and transport processes related to atmospheric composition. Scientific modelling is the process ... model mathematical models. Science offers a growing collection of Scientific method methods , techniques and theory about all kinds of specialized scientific modelling. A scientific model can provide ... and inseparable part of all scientific activity, and many scientific disciplines have their own ideas about specific types of modelling. There is an increasing attention for scientific modelling ref ... attention and are probing the assorted roles that models play in scientific practice . Source Frigg ... . Overview File MathModel.svg right A scientific model seeks to represent empiricism empirical objects ... to the scientific enterprise. Complete and true representation may be impossible see non representational theory , but scientific debate often concerns which is the better model for a given task, e.g., which is the more accurate climate model for seasonal forecasting. ref Hagedorn, R. et al. 2005 ... that are contrary to what is found in reality . Predictions or other statements drawn from such a formal system mirror or map the real world only insofar as these scientific models are true. ref name tcarotmimanass Leo Apostel 1961 . Formal study of models . In The Concept and the Role of the Model ... being represented. Such computer models are in silico . Other types of scientific model are in vivo ... Scientific modelling basics Modelling as a substitute for direct measurement and experimentation Models ... conditions see Scientific Method will always be more reliable than modelled estimates of outcomes .... ref name SEF http www.dau.mil pubs pdf SEFGuide 2001 01.pdf Systems Engineering Fundamentals. Defense ... every mode of inquiry and discovery in science philosophy, and art. ref name Pullan000 cite book ... more details
December 2010. ref On occasion, scientific institutes issue position statements intended to communicate a summary of the science from the inside to the outside of the scientific community. In cases ... and historical theories as to how scientific consensus changes over time. Because the history of scientific change is extremely complicated, and because there is a tendency to project winners and losers onto the past in relation to our current scientific consensus, it is very difficult to come up with accurate and rigorous models for scientific change. ref name Pickering 1993 Cite book last ... name PopperLSR Cite book last Popper first Karl Raimund authorlink Karl Popper title The Logic of Scientific ... scientific disagreement, or a lack of scientific consensus. ref name Oreskes washpost .... ref name gould The wedge strategy , an ambitious plan to supplant naturalism philosophy scientific ...Scientific consensus is the collective judgment, position, and opinion of the scientific community community of scientist s in a Scientific discipline particular field of study. Consensus implies general agreement, though not necessarily unanimity . Scientific consensus is not by itself a scientific argument, and it is not part of the scientific method . Nevertheless, consensus may be based on both scientific arguments and the scientific method. ref http www.greenfacts.org glossary abc consensus.htm ... science progresses may seem to outsiders as contestation. ref name Shwed and Bearman 2010 Shwed Uri and Peter Bearman, http asr.sagepub.com content 75 6 817.full.pdf html The Temporal Structure of Scientific ... is can be quite straightforward. Scientific consensus may be invoked in popular or political debate ... the scientific community, such as evolution ref Cite web title Statement on the Teaching of Evolution ... of MMR vaccine controversy MMR vaccinations and autism . ref name Shwed and Bearman 2010 How consensus ... of scientific change rely on new data produced by scientific experiment . The philosopher Karl Popper ... more details
advert date February 2010 unreferenced date February 2010 Infobox Software nameScientific WorkPlace logo screenshot File SWP example.png 250px Screenshot of the SWP editor caption Screenshot of the SWP ... website http www.mackichan.com products swp.html www.mackichan.com products swp.html Scientific WorkPlace often abbreviated to SWP is a software package for scientific word processing on Microsoft ... preparation system and an optional computer algebra system . Scientific WorkPlace allows one to edit and typeset mathematical and scientific text using the WYSIWYM paradigm. All formula layout ... format and can be typeset using any LaTeX processor to obtain typeset pages. Scientific Workplace comes ... of LaTeX typesetting without requiring users to learn the LaTeX language. Scientific WorkPlace includes ... versions with which one can perform computations and generate plots from inside the editor. Many ... files. Subsets of these capabilities are available as Scientific Word no computer algebra and Scientific Notebook limited LaTeX import export, no LaTeX typesetter included . Scientific WorkPlace combines ... without custom macros, and also many with macro definitions not created in Scientific WorkPlace. The program ... comes with an extensive online help system and a series of reference manuals. Scientific WorkPlace ... files from the documents, or generate portable LaTeX output for transfer to different LaTeX installations. Scientific WorkPlace has a built in link to the World Wide Web. If a user has Internet access, a file can be opened at any URL address from inside the program, and content can be delivered via ... of related documents. There is a read only version of the program, called Scientific Viewer , available at no cost from the vendors, which only allows to view and print documents. See also LyX An open ... scientific word processor Maxima software Interfaces wxMaxima An open source cross platform Computer ... MacKichan Software http www.jstatsoft.org v17 s01 A comparative review of Scientific ... more details
Scientific writing is writing about science . History Scientific writing in English started in the 14th century. ref citation url http books.google.com books?id tIKyquQR1ecC title Medical and scientific writing in late medieval English author Irma Taavitsainen, P ivi Pahta ref The Royal Society established good practice for scientific writing. Founder member Thomas Sprat wrote on the importance of plain and accurate description rather than rhetorical flourishes in his History of the Royal Society of London . Robert Boyle emphasized the importance of not boring the reader with a dull, flat style. ref citation url http books.google.com books?id 0Ns56qzBMIUC&pg PA34 title The scientific literature author Joseph E. Harmon, Alan G. Gross chapter On Early English Scientific Writing ref Because most scientific journals accept manuscripts only in English, an entire industry has developed to help non native English speaking authors improve their text before submission. It is just now becoming an accepted practice to utilize the benefits of these services. This is making it easier for scientists to focus on their research and still get published in top journals. Citation needed date November ... to a journal. SWAN, a Java app written by researchers from the University of Eastern Finland is such a tool. ref Cite web title Scientific Writing Assistant url http cs.joensuu.fi swan date April 2012 .... Some style guides for scientific writing recommend against use of the passive voice , ref Cite ... date 10 March 2010 accessdate 2010 08 05 ref ref Cite web title Duke Scientific Writing Resource ..., R. Hoffmann, Writing and Revising the Disciplines, ed. Jonathan Monroe, Cornell University ... of Scientific Articles GLISC Impact factor IMRAD structure Introduction, Method, Result and Discussion Parenthetical referencing Peer review Scientific literature Scientific method academic publishing References Reflist Use dmy dates date September 2010 DEFAULTSORT Scientific Writing Category ... more details
Refimprove date January 2010 Infobox company nameScientific Atlanta Inc logo image Scientific Atlanta ... footnotes intl Scientific Atlanta Inc is a Georgia U.S. state Georgia based manufacturer of cable television , telecommunications , and broadband equipment. Scientific Atlanta was founded in 1951 by a group of engineers from the Georgia Institute of Technology , and was purchased by Cisco Systems in 2005. Products Scientific Atlanta is a supplier of transmission networks for broadband access ... TV industry, from fiber optic network equipment for head end media acquisition, to digital ... Scientific Atlanta s sales. Scientific Atlanta also supplies distribution technology to networks such as Bloomberg ... coaxial and fiber service operators, Scientific Atlanta also expanded its IPTV solutions offerings ... funds of approximately 100 each, and started Scientific Atlanta to produce technology developed at the research station. ref name Robinson cite web url http www.gtri.gatech.edu gtri75 history makers ... 2010 01 19 ref ref cite web url http www.gtri.gatech.edu gtri75 our 75 years researchers form scientific atlanta title Researchers form Scientific Atlanta publisher Georgia Tech Research Institute accessdate 2010 01 26 ref ref name time cite web url http www.time.com time magazine article 0,9171,830232,00.html ... 2010 01 20 ref Sidney Topol served as its president from 1971 83, CEO from 1975 87, and chairman of the board from 1978 90. During his tenure, the company grew in sales from 16 million to more ... by Scientific Atlanta, established satellite delivered television for the cable industry ...?id 1055 publisher The Cable Center accessdate 2011 05 14 ref On November 18, 2005, Scientific ... 25, 2006, Cisco Systems announced that it had completed acquisition of Scientific Atlanta in a cash ... 5.1 billion net of Scientific Atlanta s cash balance, and also about US 5.1 billion over their 2005 shareholders equity . In its fiscal year 2005, Scientific Atlanta earned 1.36 per common share diluted ... more details
pp 794 6 , from Book 3 , The System of the World . ref The Oxford English Dictionary says that scientific ... of Hypothesis hypotheses . ref Oxford English Dictionary entry for scientific . ref The chief characteristic which distinguishes a scientific method of inquiry from other methods of acquiring ... . Although procedures vary from one fields of science field of inquiry to another, identifiable features distinguish scientific inquiry from other methods of obtaining knowledge. Scientific researchers ... by some to be the father of modern scientific methodology. ref name Alhazen Image Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg thumb 150px Modern science owes its present flourishing state to a new scientific method .... harvnb Born 1949 p 6 ref multiple steps are needed in scientific method, ranging from our experience ... method elements of scientific method are illustrated by the following example from the discovery ... 0 88078 004 5 AJG learned scientific method from Felix Ehrenhaft ref of a scientific method ref harvnb ... in France. The scientific definition of a term sometimes differs substantially from its natural ... here Scientific method refers to a body of Scientific technique techniques for investigating phenomenon phenomena , acquiring new knowledge , or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. ref name Goldhaber 2010 page 940 harvnb Goldhaber Nieto 2010 page 940 ref To be termed scientific, a method ... via predictions which can be derived from them. These steps must be repeatable, to guard against mistake or confusion in any particular experimenter. Scientific theory Theories that encompass ... into context. Scientific inquiry is generally intended to be as objectivity science objective as possible, to reduce biased interpretations of results. Another basic expectation is to document, Scientific ... limit 3 Introduction to scientific method See also History of scientific method Timeline of the history of scientific method style float right cellspacing 0 File Ibn al Haytham.png thumb 150px Ibn ... more details
pages 320 url doi isbn 0 345 37918 7 ref Scientific skepticism is different from philosophical skepticism ... in their favor before they could be accepted as having validity. From a scientific point of view ... opposition fromscientific skeptics is strong. For example, in 1994, Susan Blackmore, a parapsychologist ... Carl Sagan, originator of the expression scientific skepticism Scientific skepticism American and British .... Posted on January 29, 2008 1 05 PM, by Janet D. Stemwedel, quoting R. K. Merton 1942 ref For example ... community scrutiny see Mertonian norms . ref Merton, R. K. 1942 The Normative Structure of Science ... , and it is sometimes referred to as skeptical inquiry . The term scientific skepticism appears ... we perceive it. Scientific skepticism primarily uses deductive argument s to evaluate claims which lack a suitable evidential basis. The New Skepticism described by Paul Kurtz is scientific skepticism ... 766 3 ref Overview Scientific skeptics believe that empirical investigation of reality leads to the truth , and that the scientific method is best suited to this purpose. Considering the rigor of the scientific ... not mean that the scientific skeptic is necessarily a scientist who conducts live experiments ... likely to be true based on testable hypotheses and critical thinking . Scientific skeptics attempt ... to be implausible, dubious or clearly contradictory to generally accepted science . Scientific skeptics .... Skepticism is part of the scientific method for instance an experimental result is not regarded as established ... authorlink coauthors title What is the scientific method? work publisher year 1998 url http physics.ucr.edu ... , and so an ability to balance critical thinking with an appreciation for Scientific consensus consensus ..., some proponents of repressed memories apply the scientific method carefully, and have even found some empirical support for their validity, ref name chu cite journal last Chu first J coauthors ... 1998 title Recovered memory of childhood sexual trauma A documented case from a longitudinal ... more details
multiple issues orphan June 2010 advert July 2009 refimprove July 2009 Infobox company company name Prior Scientific Instruments company type Corporation company logo Image Prior logo.jpg foundation London, UK 1919 founder W. R. Prior location Cambridge, UK key people Dr Monika Maintz, Managing Director num employees 100 industry Scientific Instrumentation products Microscope Automation, Optical Microscopy, Telecommunications Products, br OEM Design & Manufacture homepage http www.prior.com Prior Global Gateway Prior Scientific Instruments Private company limited by shares Ltd was established in London in 1919 as a manufacturer of optical microscope s. At that time the UK had a very strong optical microscope industry as did Germany Carl Zeiss AG Zeiss and Leica and Japan Olympus Corporation Olympus and Nikon . However during the following decades, British companies failed to develop innovative new products. They ultimately lagged behind their international competitors and eventually went into liquidation. Prior Scientific survived and prospered because it diversified its business and identified niche markets. Citation needed date October 2009 Today the head office is based in Cambridge , UK, and the company offers precision mechanical engineering, optics, electronics and precision assembly. The core business has diversified into microscope automation systems and Original equipment manufacturer OEM products. The company sells its products worldwide. Subsidiaries have been established in the USA and Germany. Prior Scientific Corporation Inc. is based in Rockland, Massachusetts Rockland near Boston, USA and Prior Scientific GmbH is based in Jena , Germany. Products Today, Prior ... microscope stages ref Editor bioPHOTONICS , p33. Scientific Press, 2009. ref , automated focus mechanisms ref Ruchatz, H Photonik , p62. Scientific Press, 2007. ref , filter wheels, shutters, illumination systems and automated slide loading systems ref Editor VisionSystems Design , p12. Scientific ... more details
dog breed , however, does not conform to scientific standards of scientific classification taxonomic ... of distinct dog breeds is not maintained by a scientific organization they are maintained ... them from other dog type s and breeds. However, the United Kennel Club recognizes one breed of feist ... livestock , or hunting game. Some dog breeds such as Saluki ref name isbn186054195X cite book ... a breed standard . ref name isbn0876054645 cite book author title The Complete dog book the photograph ... this list without citing newer scientific research Afghan Hound , Akita Inu , ref name Parker in Science ... do not change this list without citing newer scientific research Bernese Mountain Dog , Boxer dog Boxer ... without citing newer scientific research Belgian Sheepdog , German Shepherd Dog , Belgian Tervuren ... events. Often given the name All American or AMBOR dog, the name does not signify that dogs so registered ...For a list of dog breeds List of dog breeds Image Big and little dog 1.jpg thumb right 300px Chihuahua dog Chihuahua mixed breed dog mix and purebred Great Dane Dog breeds are groups of closely related and visibly similar domestic dog s, which are all of the subspecies Canis lupus familiaris , having characteristic traits that are selected and maintained by humans, bred from a known foundation stock ... ancestors and visibly similar in most characteristics , having been differentiated from others by human influence a distinctive group of domesticated animals differentiated from the wild type under the influence ... of other blood. year 1967 ref The term dog breed is also used to refer to natural breeds or landrace ... by a style of working. Ancient dog breeds are some of the modern documented descendants of such natural breeds . Description Dog breeds are not Science scientifically defined biological classification s, but rather are groupings defined by club s of hobby ists called Breed club dog breed club s. A dog ..., primarily because they come from a select set of ancestors who had the same characteristics ... more details
s director, Martin Livermore, wrote that The Scientific Alliance has never received money from ExxonMobil ...The Scientific Alliance is a United Kingdom British industry friendly organization that promotes biotechnology , genetically modified food , and climate skeptic climate change skepticism . Its stated aim is to bring together both scientists and non scientists committed to rational discussion and debate on the challenges facing the environment today. ref name about The Scientific Alliance, http www.scientific alliance.org home about scientific alliance About the Scientific Alliance ref The group was created in 2001 by quarryman Robert Durward, director of the British Aggregates Association , and political consultant Mark Adams of the public relations firm, Foresight Communications . ref name rich Gethin Chamberlain, http news.scotsman.com scotlandsnewparty The rich recluse masterminding Britains.2395433.jp The rich recluse masterminding Britain s new party The Scotsman, 22 January 2003 ref The Scotsman newspaper has reported that on contacting the Alliance to ask about Durward s role, after some uncertainty, the switchboard it shares with a number of other firms denied any knowledge of Mr Durward s existence. Matthew Drinkwater, the one person responding to calls to its offices, could also be contacted by ringing the offices of Foresight Communications. ref name rich ref Foresight Communications is a PR firm established by Mark Adams in January 2001. As well as The Scientific Alliance ... May, Baron May of Oxford Bob May of the Royal Society has criticised the Scientific Alliance ... received 715,000 in funding from the United States U.S. oil company, ExxonMobil . ref Ed Pilkington ... accepted without conditions and afford no influence over the group s policy . ref name about ref References reflist External links http www.scientific alliance.org The Scientific Alliance http www.sourcewatch.org index.php?title Scientific Alliance SourceWatch , Center for Media & Democracy http ... more details
of a scientific revolution in dynamics. ref name Sorabji2005 cite book first R. last Sorabji ... for modern science. The Marxism Marxist historian and scientist J. D. Bernal ref name Hill ref name Salam ref name Briffault asserted that the renaissance enabled a scientific revolution which let ... figures. ref A. R. Hall and M. B. Hall Unpublished Scientific Papers of Isaac Newton Cambridge Cambridge ... Lavoisier.html Lavoisier, Antoine 1743 1794 from Eric Weisstein s World of Scientific Biography , ScienceWorld ... natural philosophers had moved away from much of it. ref name Hannam, James 2011 p342 Hannam .... 103. ref Scientific developments Key ideas and people that emerged from the 16th and 17th centuries ... , p. 282, Cambridge University Press . ref ref name Salam Abdus Salam , H. R. Dalafi, Mohamed Hassan ...About a period in the history of science the process of scientific progress via revolution, proposed by Thomas Kuhn Paradigm shift HistOfScience The scientific revolution is an era associated primarily ... for modern science . ref name Galileo ref name Espinoza ref name Moody ref name Clagett ref name Hannam, James 2011 p342 ref name Grant ref Scientific Revolution in Encarta . 2007. http encarta.msn.com encyclopedia 701509067 Scientific Revolution.html. ref According to most accounts, the scientific ... On the Fabric of the Human body . Philosopher and historian Alexandre Koyr coined the term scientific revolution in 1939 to describe this epoch. ref Shapin, Steven 1996 . The Scientific Revolution . ref ... scientific revolution is another one of those prejudicial historical labels that explain nothing. You could call any century from the twelfth to the twentieth a revolution in science and that the concept ..., many notable figures of the scientific revolution including Nicolaus Copernicus , Tycho Brahe ... devout in their faith. ref http www.douban.com group topic 18084328 Western Civilization Notes Scientific ... transformation in scientific ideas across mathematics, physics, astronomy, and biology, in institutions ... more details
Scientific Memoirs , Selected from the Transactions of Foreign Academies of science and Learned Societies and from Foreign Journals was a series of books edited and published by Richard Taylor editor Richard Taylor 1781 1858 in London between 1837 and 1852. After 1852 the publication continued in two series Natural philosophy , edited by J. Tyndall and William Francis disambiguation needed date February 2012 Natural history , edited by Arthur Henfrey botanist Arthur Henfrey and Thomas Henry Huxley Some volumes have been reprinted by Johnson Reprint Corp. New York City New York in 1966. References http darwin.lib.cam.ac.uk perl nav?pclass name pkey Taylor 2C 20Richard Richard Taylor, 1781 1858 at the Darwin Correspondence Online Database http libserv.aip.org 81 ipac20 ipac.jsp?uri full 3100001 19827 0&profile newcustom aipnbl focus Niels Bohr Library Book Catalog http www.worldcatlibraries.org oclc 217928?tab editions Scientific memoirs, selected from the transactions of foreign academies of science, and from foreign journals. Natural history at Find in a Library Category Multidisciplinary scientific journals ... more details
journal title Lessons from the Pearce affair handling scientific fraud journal BMJ date June 17 ... was exonerated from collusion in Pearce s deception ref name Independent Committee of Inquiry ... scientific misconduct. A King s College London internal investigation showed research findings from .... 16. ref ref name Ramsden citation last Ramsden first J.J. title The scientific adequacy of the present ...Science Scientific misconduct is the violation of the standard codes of scholarly method scholarly conduct and ethics ethical behavior in professional science scientific research . A The Lancet Lancet review on Handling of Scientific Misconduct in Scandinavian countries provides the following sample ... September 2009 cite ref Danish definition Intention or gross negligence leading to fabrication of the scientific ... al distortion of the research process by fabrication of data, text, hypothesis, or methods from another .... The consequences of scientific misconduct can be severe at a personal level for both perpetrators ... findings. Motivation to commit scientific misconduct According to David Goodstein of Caltech , there are motivators ... journal last1 Goodstein first1 David year January February 2002 title Scientific misconduct journal ... of high profile scientific papers. Hence, there is a strong imperative to publish or perish . Clearly ... scientific fields, results are often difficult to reproduce accurately, being obscured by noise ... with others in the same field. There are no scientific police who are trained to fight scientific .... ref cite doi 10.1371 journal.pone.0005738 ref Forms of scientific misconduct The U.S. National Science ... ref name Shapiro1992 Cite journal last Shapiro first M.F. year 1992 title Data audit by a regulatory ... 07 30 ref Arguably, this is the most common type of scientific misconduct. Sometimes it is difficult ... work. Discovery credit can also be inadvertently reassigned from the original discoverer to a better ... of taking an unrelated figure from an unrelated publication and reproducing it exactly in a new publication ... more details
she calls the letter R the dog s name. The reference is also found in Ben Jonson s English Grammar ... has Latin origins the Latin R was trilled to sound like a growling dog. A good example of a trilling R is the Spanish word for dog, perro . ref cite web url http wordsmith.org words dogs letter.html ... align center align right character colspan 2 R colspan 2 r align center align right Unicode name colspan ...About the letter R pp move indef small yes Latin alphabet navbox uc R lc rR English alphabet Letter names named ar IPAc en r ref R Oxford English Dictionary , 2nd edition 1989 ar, op. cit. ref is the eighteenth ... background eee Egyptian hieroglyph br tp Phoenician br resh Etruscan R Greek br Rho letter Rho Later Etruscan R hiero D1 hiero File PhoenicianR 01.png File EtruscanR 01.svg 44px File Rho uc lc.svg 60px ... for tp , head . It was used for IPA r by Semites because in their language, the word for head was r also the name of the letter . It developed into Greek Rho letter lang grc rh and Latin R. It is likely that some Etruscan and Western Greek forms of the letter added the extra stroke to distinguish it from a later form of the letter P. Citation needed date February 2012 The minuscule lower case form of r developed through several variations on the capital form. In handwriting it was common ... leg stroke shortened into the simple arc used today. Another minuscule, r rotunda , kept the loop .... Usage See also Rhotic consonant R colored vowel Guttural R In science, the letter R is a symbol for the gas constant . Mathematicians use R or math mathbb R math an R in blackboard bold , displayed as unicode in Unicode for Set mathematics set of all real numbers . R represents a rhotic consonant ... several variations of the letter to represent the different rhotic consonants IPA r represents the alveolar ... width 85 margin auto style width 35 Alveolar trill IPA r style text align center Media alveolar trill.ogg ... language Spanish and Albanian language Albanian r , Turkish language Turkish , Dutch language ... more details
are a separate species from the Whites. ref name GustavJahoda At the 19th century s end, scientific ... from the biologic facts manipulated in 19th century scientific racism. cf. Cultural relativism An early ... of living could make races degenerate and differentiate them from the original Caucasian race. ref name ... from evolutionary inadequacy. ref name drace ref cite web url http www.talkorigins.org faqs quotes ...POV date June 2010 Refimprove date March 2011 Scientific racism is the use of scientific techniques and hypotheses to sanction the belief in racial superiority, inferiority or racism . ref Ostensibly scientific ... This sc. scientific racism entailed the use of scientific techniques , to sanction the belief in European ... 1998 , Race, theories of , p. 18 Its exponents sc. of scientific racism tended to equate race with species and claimed that it constituted a scientific explanation of human history Terry Jay Ellingson, The myth of the noble savage 2001 , 147ff. In scientific racism, the racism was never very scientific ... Scientific racism Improper or incorrect science that actively or passively supports racism . ref This is not the same as using scientific findings and the scientific method to investigate differences ... claim that some races are superior to other races. On the other hand, scientific racism is often ... definitions of race historical context of ca. 1880 to 1930. Scientific racism was thus ... World War 1939 45 and the occurrence of the Holocaust , scientific racism in theory and action ... Beginning in the later 20th century, scientific racism has been criticized as obsolete, and as historically ... ed., 2000 , Glossary, p. 300 Scientific racism was designed to prove the inferiority of people of color Simon During, Cultural studies a critical introduction 2005 , p. 163 It sc. scientific racism ... David Brown and Clive Webb, Race in the American South From Slavery to Civil Rights 2007 , p. 75 ...the idea of a hierarchy of races was driven by an influential, secular, scientific discourse in the second ... more details
2009. ref name FOLIO International editions Scientific American published its first foreign edition ..., Romanian, Russian and Spanish. From 1902 to 1911, Scientific American supervised the publication ... Television From 1990 to 2005 Scientific American also produced a TV program on Public Broadcasting ... moa moa browse.html Online archive of Scientific American between 1846 and 1869, from ...Infobox Magazine title Scientific American image file Sci am mar 2005.jpg image size 188 image caption ... 476,867 ref http abcas3.accessabc.com ecirc magform.asp ABC ref issn 0036 8733 Scientific American ... science monthly to an educated but not necessarily scientific public, through its careful ... date August 2011 Scientific American was founded by inventor and publisher Rufus Porter Rufus M. Porter ref name scientificamerican1 cite web url http www.scientificamerican.com pressroom aboutus.cfm title Press Room publisher Scientific American date 2009 08 17 accessdate 2012 01 24 ref in 1845 ... manufactured. Current issues feature a this date in history section, featuring excerpts from articles ... it remained owned by Munn & Company. ref name scientificamerican1 Under Orson Desaix Munn III, grandson ... magazine, to be called The Sciences , instead purchased the assets of the old Scientific American and put its name on the designs they had created for their new magazine. Thus the partners publisher ..., which has owned it since. In the fall of 2008, Scientific American was put under the control of Nature Publishing Group , a division of Holtzbrinck. ref name FOLIO cite web first Jason last Fell title Scientific American Editor, President to Step Down 5 Percent of Staff Cut url http www.foliomag.com 2009 scientific american editor president step down 5 percent staff cut publisher FOLIO accessdate ... quote Miller Donald H., Jr. Vice President and General Manager of the magazine Scientific American ... edition in Brazil. Today, Scientific American publishes 18 foreign language editions around the globe ... more details
A scientific wager is a Gambling wager whose outcome is settled by scientific method . They typically consist of an offer to pay a certain sum of money on the scientific proof or disproof of some currently uncertain statement. Some wagers have specific date restrictions for collection, but many are open. Wagers occasionally exert a powerful galvanizing effect on society and the scientific community. Notable scientists who have made scientific wagers include Stephen Hawking and Richard Feynman . Stanford Linear Accelerator has an open book containing about 35 bets in particle physics dating back to 1980 many are still unresolved. Notable scientific wagers In 1684, Christopher Wren announced that he would give a book worth 40 shilling s equivalent to about inflation UK 2 1684 r 1 in present day terms inflation fn UK to anyone who could deduce Kepler s laws from the inverse square law . ref cite book last Newton first Isaac title The Mathematical Papers of Isaac Newton Volume 6 editor Whiteside, D. T. publisher Cambridge University Press location Cambridge, England pages 16 isbn 0521045851 ref ref http books.google.co.uk books?id 9fQ4AAAAMAAJ&pg PA145&lpg PA145&dq Christopher Wren Kepler ... of Minnesota has stated that this episode was undoubtedly one of the most crucial wagers in scientific .... The sum staked was 500 equivalent to about inflation UK 500 1870 r 3 in present day terms inflation .... Using a telescope mounted 5km from one of the markers, Wallace established that the nearer one ... to curve away from the telescope, and so Wallace won his money. However, Hampden never accepted ... equivalent to about inflation US 1000 1959 r 3 in present day terms inflation fn US that no one could ... biologist Paul R. Ehrlich bet economics economist Julian Lincoln Simon that the price of a portfolio ... of the winner s choice, from which information can be recovered at will . Hawking conceded the bet ... in the sense used in this article, nor is it scientific. Category Sociology of science Category Wagering ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Infobox Magazine title The Scientific Monthly image file Scientific Monthly Oct 1915 Cover.png image size image caption First issue, October 1915 editor James McKeen Cattell frequency Monthly category Science company The Science Press publisher James McKeen Cattell firstdate October 1915 finaldate 1957 country USA language English Scientific Monthly was a science magazine published from 1915 to 1957. Psychologist James McKeen Cattell was the original founder and editor. In 1957 Scientific Monthly was absorbed by Science journal Science . DEFAULTSORT Scientific Monthly Category Monthly magazines Category Publications established in 1915 Category Publications disestablished in 1957 Sci mag stub ... more details
The scientific community is the group of all interacting scientist s. It includes many sub communities working on particular scientific fields, and within particular institutions interdisciplinary and cross ... to be achieved by the scientific method . Peer review , through discussion and debate within journals ... of results. ref name SCMet cite journal last1 Kornfeld first1 W last2 Hewitt first2 CE year 1981 title The Scientific Community Metaphor journal IEEE TRANS. SYS., MAN, AND CYBER. volume ... degree degrees in the relevant scientific sub disciplines are often considered prerequisites for membership ... is dependent on maintaining connections to other researchers through publication and scientific .... Members of the same community do not need to work together. ref name SCMet Communication between ... review ed scientific journals journals , or by attending academic conference conferences where new ... of scientific work and results as well. And many in a coherent community may actually not communicate all of their work with one another, for various professional reasons. Speaking for the scientific ... acts as a surrogate when the opinions of the scientific community need to be ascertained by public .... Nevertheless, general scientific consensus is a concept which is often referred to when dealing with questions that can be subject to scientific method ology. While the consensus opinion of the community is not always easy to ascertain, generally the standards and utility of the scientific method have tended to ensure that scientists agree on a standard, mainstream corpus of fact explicated by scientific theory while rejecting ideas which run counter to this realization. Scientific consensus ... of the consensus often bitterly complain that there is a closed shop bias within the scientific ... scientific skepticism skeptical organizations have devoted considerable amounts of time and money to debunker debunking the claims of those who balk at scientific consensus. Philosophy of science ... more details
infobox company nameScientific Anglers logo File ScientificAnglersLogo.jpg 160px caption type genre fate predecessor successor foundation 1945 founder Leon Martuch,Clare Harris, and Paul Rottiers defunct location city location country location St. Paul, Minnesota Midland, Michigan locations area served International key people industry Fishing Tackle products Fishing Tackle services revenue operating income net income aum assets equity owner num employees parent 3M divisions subsid homepage footnotes intl Scientific Anglers is a fly fishing company specializing in a variety of fly fishing tackle products. Scientific Anglers is noted for the invention of PVC coated floating Fly fishing tackle Fly lines fly line and continued innovations in fly line cores and coatings. Scientific Anglers s products currently include a variety of lines, fly boxes, reels, and fly fishing educational materials. History Scientific Anglers was founded in 1945 in Midland, Michigan. Scientific Anglers notable developments include the introduction of PVC coated designs of contemporary floating fly lines in 1952 and the development of sinking fly lines in 1960. ref http www.scientificanglers.com about sa history ref . Their introduction of PVC coated fly lines was largely responsible for the decline of the old line sizing system that used letters HCH to designate the taper and weight of silk fly lines. Because PVC coated lines were signiicantly different from silk lines, a new system evolved that identified lines with their grain weight in the first 30 feet of line i.e. 5 wgt and a two letter designation DT Double Taper , ST Single Taper or WF Weight Forward to identify the line taper ref cite book last Herd first Andrew Dr title The Fly publisher Medlar Press location Ellesmere, Shropshire year 2001 isbn 1899600191 pages 333 334 ref , ref cite book last Schullery first Paul authorlink coauthors ... pages 209 211 isbn ref . Scientific Anglers is subsidiary of 3M Company , and currently has design ... more details
wiktionary dog eat dogDog Eat Dog may refer to TOC right Film and television Dog Eat Dog 2001 film Dog Eat Dog 2001 film , a 2001 UK film Dog Eat Dog 2007 film Dog Eat Dog 2007 film , a 2007 Colombian film by director Carlos Moreno Dog Eat Dog Films , a production company operated by Michael Moore Dog Eat Dog 1964 film Dog Eat Dog 1964 film , an Italian films of 1964 Italian film of 1964 Dog Eat Dog game show Dog Eat Dog game show , a UK game show Dog Eat Dog US game show Dog Eat Dog US game show , the U.S. version of the UK show Television show episodes Dog Eat Dog The Bill Dog Eat Dog The Bill Dog Eat Dog CSI Dog Eat Dog CSI , an episode of the American crime drama CSI Crime Scene Investigation Dog Eat Dog Cashmere Mafia Dog Eat Dog Cashmere Mafia Dog Eat Dog The Gates Dog Eat Dog The Gates Dog Eat Dog Picket Fences Dog Eat Dog Picket Fences Dog Eat Dog Underbelly The Golden Mile Dog Eat Dog Underbelly The Golden Mile Dog Eat Dog , an episode of Street Hawk Music Dog Eat Dog band , an American hardcore rapcore group Dog Eat Dog Joni Mitchell album Dog Eat Dog Joni Mitchell album , 1985 Dog Eat Dog Warrant album Dog Eat Dog Warrant album , 1992 Dog Eat Dog song Dog Eat Dog song , a 1977 song by AC DC Dog Eat Dog , a song by Adam and the Ants from Kings of the Wild Frontier Dog Eat Dog , a song by De La Soul from Stakes Is High Dog Eat Dog , a song by Hocico Dog Eat Dog , a song by Ted Nugent from Free for All Ted Nugent album Free for All Dog Eat Dog , a song by Weird Al Yankovic from Polka Party Literature Dog Eat Dog Mhlongo novel Dog Eat Dog Mhlongo novel , a campus novel by Niq Mhlongo Dog Eat Dog , a novel by Edward Bunker Dog Eat Dog , a novel by David J. Rodger Other uses Dog Eat Dog video game Dog Eat Dog video game , the English translation of Canis Canem Edit , an alternate title for the video game Bully Dog Eat Dog , an unreleased game by computer game developer Trilobyte Unreleased games Trilobyte Care pe care loosely translated Dog eat dog , a Romanian ... more details
Infobox Company company name Oregon Scientific, Inc. company logo Image OregonScientificLogo.jpg 200px company type Subsidiary foundation 1989 , Portland, Oregon location Tualatin, Oregon , br United States key people Michael Prager, President industry consumer electronics products personal weather station weather stations , cameras , clocks num employees 80 2006 ref name PBJ Meyers, Sean. http portland.bizjournals.com portland stories 2006 11 27 focus2.html For the coolest in Oregon gifts it s Oregon Scientific. Portland Business Journal , November 24, 2006. ref parent IDT International divisions subsid homepage http www.oregonscientific.com www.oregonscientific.com footnotes Oregon Scientific, Inc. is a manufacturer of electronic products including radio referenced clocks, home weather stations, public alert monitors, youth learning aids, and fitness devices. The firm was started in 1989 in Portland, Oregon , United States . ref name PBJ In 1997, the company became a fully owned subsidiary of Integrated Display Technology IDT Integrated Display Technology , a Hong Kong based company. Products OSI and its parent company introduced the world s slimmest MP3 player and the first digital, personal monitor for air quality. ref name PBJ The company is known for its WeatherNow award winning Fact date June 2007 weather station built for home use that uses FM radio signals from MSN Direct to provide 4 days of regional weather information. ref name PBJ Oregon Scientific made the first stand alone waterproof mp3 player . Image Oregon Scientific pocket camera size comparison.jpg thumb 240px right Credit card sized digital camera , with external flash photography flash unit In 2007, CES Innovations award winners included the ATC2K Waterproof Action Cam, the Talking Wireless BBQ Oven ... Radios Recalled by Oregon Scientific ref In 2005 06, the company opened its own retail stores with locations ... Category Companies established in 1989 fr Oregon scientific it Oregon Scientific ... more details
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