Image Doggerland.svg thumb right 250px Map showing hypothetical extent of Doggerland c. 8,000 ... http geolmag.geoscienceworld.org cgi content abstract 96 1 33 accessdate 12 january 2010 ref Doggerland ... by rising sea levels. Geological surveys have suggested that Doggerland was a large area of dry land ... title,89282,en.html The Doggerland Project , University of Exeter Department of Archaeology ref Doggerland ... Ocean . ref name usask ref name sussex At about 8000 BCE, the north facing coastal area of Doggerland ... Warming and the Lost European Country ref One big river system in Doggerland found by 3D seismic ... age, and the level of the land sank due to Post glacial rebound isostatic adjustment , Doggerland ... area of Doggerland, is believed to have remained as an island until at least 5000 BCE. ref name sussex Before it flooded completely, Doggerland was a wide undulating plain containing complex meandering ... Weninger et al., The catastrophic final flooding of Doggerland by the Storegga Slide tsunami, Documenta ... Coles, who named the area Doggerland after the great banks in the southern North Sea ref name gaffney ... ?aModele afficheN&cpsidt 2023101 B.J. Coles. Doggerland a speculative survey Doggerland ... is not a sound guide to the topography of Doggerland, ref name coles the topography of the area ... archive.net Archive sci.archaeology 2008 07 msg00136.html Laura Spinney, The lost world Doggerland ... Fitch, Mapping Doggerland The Mesolithic Landscapes of the Southern North Sea, University of Birmingham ..., Europe s Lost World The rediscovery of Doggerland, University of Birmingham, 2009 ref A skull fragment ... of Doggerland. The legend The Cormorants of Utr st ref http web.tiscalinet.it sv2001 cormo tales ... timeline in which Doggerland Northland in the books is never inundated. See also Brittia ... of Doggerland , by Vincent Gaffney, Simon Fitch & David Smith, Council for British Archaeology, 2009, ISBN 190277177X Doggerland a Speculative Survey , by B.J.Coles, Proceedings of the Prehistoric ... more details
for sports club TIF Viking File Doggerland.svg thumb right 300px Paleogeographic reconstruction of the North Sea approximately 9000 years ago during the young holocene and after the end of the last ice age . Viking Bergen can be seen near the top in the centre. Viking Bergen is the name of a hypothetical former island between modern Shetland and Norway , at the boundary of the North Sea , and Norwegian Sea . ref http sp.lyellcollection.org cgi content abstract 175 1 393 Doggerland the cultural dynamics of a shifting coastline ref The area is now known as the Viking Bergen banks . During the Aller d oscillation B lling Aller d Period , known in Britain as the Windermere interstadial, the northern coast of Doggerland began to recede as global sea levels rose. There may have been a Shetland island marking the northern end of a bay north of the Dogger Hills , and the Viking Bergen island would have been between the bay and the Norwegian Trench. A more recent hypothesis is that much of the land was inundated by a tsunami around 8200 BP 6200 BCE , caused by a submarine landslide off the coast of Norway known as the Storegga Slide . This theory suggests that the Storegga Slide tsunami would have had a catastrophic impact on the contemporary coastal Mesolithic population... Following the Storegga Slide tsunami, it appears, Britain finally became separated from the continent and, in cultural terms, the Mesolithic there goes its own way. ref http sprint.clivar.org soes staff ejr Rohling papers 2008 Weninger 20et 20al 20Documenta 20Praehistorica.pdf Bernhard Weninger et al., The catastrophic final flooding of Doggerland by the Storegga Slide tsunami, Documenta Praehistorica XXXV, 2008 ref See also Deluge prehistoric Storegga Slide References references coord missing Norway Category Geology of Norway Category Geology of Scotland Category History of Norway Category History of Scotland Category Former islands of Norway Category Former islands of Scotland Category Island ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Archaeology of the North Sea has been studied again recently. When date February 2011 Several major archaeological finds were made in recent years in areas under the North Sea. In 2007, archaeologists uncovered a huge, prehistoric lost country , from the east coast of Britain, to the Shetland Islands, and to Scandinavia. ref name Coughlan cite news url http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi uk news education 6584011.stm title Archaeologists are uncovering a huge prehistoric lost country hidden below the North Sea. last Coughlan first Sean date 2007 04 23 publisher BBC accessdate 2008 12 08 ref In February 2008 an amateur archaeologist dredged up Palaeolithic hand axe s in the area between present day Britain and Holland, leading scientists to believe that humans lived alongside mammoth s approximately 100,000 years ago off Great Yarmouth . ref name Handwerk cite news url http news.nationalgeographic.com news 2008 03 080317 hand axes.html title Stone Age Hand Axes Found at Bottom of North Sea last Handwerk first Brian date 2008 03 17 publisher National Geographic News accessdate 2008 12 08 ref See also Atlantis Beaker archaeology Burroughston Broch Deluge prehistoric Doggerland and a Channel flood Deluge Doggerland and a Channel flood English Channel Geoff Bailey Location hypotheses of Atlantis Richard Hodges archaeologist Richard Hodges Submerged forest References Reflist colwidth 30em DEFAULTSORT Archaeology Of The North Sea Category North Sea Category European archaeology Nor ... more details
bridge known to archaeologists and geologists as Doggerland existed, linking Great Britain with Denmark ... research rdoggerland.shtml Doggerland Project , University of Exeter Department of Archaeology ... 4 Television, 24 April 2007 feature isn t available anymore ref Although Doggerland was physically ... 20Praehistorica.pdf Bernhard Weninger et al., The catastrophic final flooding of Doggerland by the Storegga ... more details
Infobox Book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name Stone Spring title orig translator image author Stephen Baxter cover artist country United Kingdom language English language English genre Science fiction novel publisher Victor Gollancz Ltd Gollancz release date 3 June 2010 media type Print Hardcover & Paperback pages 496 pp Hardcover isbn 978 0575089198 Stone Spring is a 2010 novel by Stephen Baxter . It is set in prehistoric Doggerland renamed Northland in the novel and focuses on the attempts of Northland s inhabitants to adapt to the rising sea levels slowly eroding Northland s coastline. It is intended to be the first of a trilogy detailing an alternate history in which human efforts were able to prevent Doggerland from being flooded. Plot summary The focus of much of the novel is the community of Extelur. Extelur begins as a typical stone age civilisation, remarkable only for its flint , which is prized throughout most of Northland. It is nominally ruled by a figure known as the Giver , but as the Kirike, the current Giver, is missing, leadership falls to Zesi, his eldest daughter. Every year, Extelur and its neighbours, the brutish Britons historical Pretani located in modern day England , hold a ceremony known as the Giving on Extelur soil. Representing the Pretani leader are brothers Gall and Shade, who share the house with Zesi and her 14 year old sister Ana. Gall, the eldest brother, has been promised Zesi as a bride by his father, but Zesi instead sleeps with the younger brother Shade, enraging Gall. To make matters worse, Gall inadvertently kills a member of the neighbouring Snailhead tribe during a communal hunt. Tensions come to a head during the giving, whereupon the Pretani leader or Root arrives and demands that Shade and Gall resolve their dispute by a fight to the death, in which Gall is killed. Kirike also returns to Extelur, along with outsiders Ice Dreamer rescued by Kirike during his travels and Novu a slave wh ... more details
Refimprove date October 2008 Image Doggerbank.jpg thumb 250px right Location of the Dogger Bank for the former landmass in the southern North Sea that connected the island of Great Britain to mainland Europe Doggerland Dogger Bank is a large shoal sandbank in a shallow area of the North Sea about convert 100 km mi 0 abbr on off the east coast of England . It extends over approximately convert 17600 km2 sqmi abbr on , with its dimensions being about convert 160 mi long and up to convert 60 mi broad. ref name Stride cite journal last Stride first A.H date January 1959 title On the origin of the Dogger Bank, in the North Sea journal Geological magazine volume 96 issue 1 pages 33 34 url http geolmag.geoscienceworld.org cgi content abstract 96 1 33 accessdate 12 January 2010 ref The water depth ranges from 15 to 36 metres from 49 to 118 feet , about convert 20 m ft shallower than the surrounding sea. It is a productive fishing bank . The name comes from dogger , an old Dutch language Dutch word for fishing boat, especially for catching cod . Geography Geology Geologically , the feature is most likely a moraine , formed during the Pleistocene . ref name Stride ref At differing times during the last ice age it was land joined to the mainland, or an island. Fishing trawler s working the area have dredged up large amounts of moor peat , remains of mammoth and rhinoceros , and occasionally Paleolithic hunting artefacts. The bank was part of a large landmass, known as Doggerland , which connected Britain to the European mainland until it was flooded at the end of the last ice age. ref name sussex http www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk teaching C1119 mhe08 20lecture 206.pdf University of Sussex, School of Life Sciences , C1119 Modern human evolution, Lecture 6, slide 23 ref In 1931, the 1931 Dogger Bank earthquake largest earthquake ever recorded in the United Kingdom took place below the bank, measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale . Its hypocenter focus was 23 km beneath the bank, and the ... more details
TOCright The Outer Silver Pit is a west to east valley in the bed of the North Sea . Its widest part is 125 to 175 km 75 to 105 miles east of Flamborough Head in England . It lies between the Dogger Bank and the ridge dividing the northern from the southern North Sea basins, which runs between Norfolk and Friesland . When the sea level was lower such as in the Ice Age it was a lake in Doggerland , and sea bed penetrating sonar bathymetry has found its shorelines and courses and estuaries of rivers that ran into it from the high land of the Dogger Bank it overflowed into a river at its west end. ref name mapdogg Mapping Doggerland , ed. Vincent Gaffney and others, publ. Archaeopress http www.archaeopress.com 2007, ISBN 978 1 905739 14 1 ref Whatever the facts concerning the course of the southern North Sea rivers, the Outer Silver Pit will not have been initiated by the rivers. One of the other theories must be looked to for that. Bed of the Rhine? In the Cromerian Stage , before more recent glaciation had influenced the area, a ridge of high ground, the Weald Artois Anticline , joined the Upper Cretaceous chalk in Kent , England to that of the Boulonnais at Cap Blanc Nez , in the Pas de Calais , France . It is possible that in the Cromerian Stage, the Outer Silver Pit was the bed of the combined Meuse river Maas , Rhine , Scheldt and Thames . Since at that stage, the Weald Artois Anticline had probably not been breached by the glacial lake outburst flood s that scoured the Strait of Dover, the southern North Sea basin held a freshwater lake impounded by the ridge of the Weald Artois Anticline and by the Norfolk Friesland ridge . Whether the lake spilled north through the Outer Silver Pit would depend on the extent to which the modern sea bed to the north is formed by later marine and glacial sediment, and how much the various parts of the area were raised by forebulge effect caused by the weight of the Scandinavian ice cap. The eastern end of the Outer Silver Pit is ... more details
Other uses Image Pm map.png thumb 300px right The Isthmus of Panama is a land bridge whose appearance 3 million years ago allowed the Great American Interchange . A land bridge , in biogeography , is an isthmus or wider land connection between otherwise separate areas, over which animals and plant s are able to cross and colonise new lands. Land bridges can be created by marine regression , in which sea level s fall, exposing shallow, previously submerged sections of continental shelf or when new land is created by plate tectonics or occasionally when the sea floor rises due to post glacial rebound after an ice age . Prominent examples The Beringia Bering land bridge , which intermittently connected Asia with North America as sea levels rose and fell under the effect of ice ages Doggerland , a former landmass in the southern North Sea which connected the island of Great Britain to mainland Europe during the last ice age. The Isthmus of Panama , whose appearance three million years ago allowed the Great American Interchange The Sinai Peninsula , linking Africa and Eurasia The Adam s Bridge known as Rama Setu , connecting India and Sri Lanka . Land bridge theory In the 19th century a number of scientists noted puzzling geological and zoological similarities between widely separated areas. To solve these problems, whenever geologists and paleontologists were at a loss to explain the obvious transoceanic similarities of life that they deduced from the fossil records, they sharpened their pencils and sketched land bridges between appropriate continents. ref William R. Corliss , Mysteries Beneath the Sea , Chapter 5 Up and Down Landbridges ref The concept was first proposed by Jules Marcou in Lettres sur les roches du Jura. ref William R. Corliss, op. cit. , The basic idea is usually attributed to Jules Marcou ref These hypothetical land bridges included ref All examples taken from Corliss, op. cit. ref Archatlantis from the West Indies to North Africa Archhelenis from Br ... more details
Citations missing date January 2008 Stone Age Maglemosian ca. 9500 BC 6000 BC is the name given to a archaeological culture culture of the early Mesolithic period in Northern Europe . In Scandinavia , the culture is succeeded by the Kongemose culture . The actual name came from an archeological site in Denmark , named Maglemose near H ng on western Zealand Denmark Zealand , where the first settlement was found in 1900. ref cite journal last Sarauw first G. F. L. authorlink Georg F.L. Sarauw year 1903 title En Stenaldersboplads i Maglemose ved Mullerup sammenholdt med besl gtede fund language Danish trans title A Stone Age settlement in Maglemose near Mullerup compared with related finds. Resum tudes sur le premier ge de la pierre du Nord de l Europe journal Aarb ger for nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historie volume 1903 url http books.google.se books?id n5VePAAACAAJ&dq inauthor 22Georg F. L. Sarauw 22&cd 7 A German language German translation appeared in Pr historische Zeitschrift in 1911 ref During the following century a long series of similar settlements were excavated from England to Poland and from Sk ne in Sweden to northern France . The Maglemosian people lived in forest and wetland environments using fishing and hunting tools made from wood, bone, and flint microlith s. It appears that they had domesticated the dog . Citation needed date January 2008 Some may have lived settled lives but most were nomadic. citation needed date January 2008 Huts made of bark have been preserved, and the tools were made of flintstone , bone , and horn anatomy horn . A characteristic of the culture are the sharply edged microlith s of flintstone which were used for spear heads and arrow heads. A notable feature is the Leister or Fish Spear. Sea levels in northern Europe did not reach current levels until almost 6000 BC by which time they had inundated some territories inhabited by Maglemosian people. See also Doggerland Georg F.L. Sarauw Star Carr Notes Reflist DEFAULTSORT Maglemo ... more details
In geology , a forebulge is a flexural bulge in front of a load on the lithosphere . This load causes the lithosphere to flex by depressing the plate beneath it. Because of the flexural rigidity of the lithosphere, the area around the load is uplifted by a height that is 4 of that of the depression under the load. This load and resulting flexure place stress on the mantle geology mantle , causing it to flow into the area around the loaded area. The subsidence of the area under the load and the uplift of the forebulge continue until the load is in isostasy isostatic equilibrium, a process which takes on the order of 10 20 thousand years. Because of the coupling with the mantle, the rate of forebulge formation and collapse is controlled by mantle viscosity . Glacial One cause for forebulge formation is loading of the continental lithosphere by ice sheet s during continental glaciation s. Because of the removal of the ice sheets, these formerly glaciated areas are currently rising in a phenomenon known as post glacial rebound . Because of the coupling of the mantle with the plates, data from post glacial rebound are used as a direct probe of the viscosity of the upper mantle. As the ice melts and the land under it rises by isostatic recovery, the forebulge also subsides. Forebulge subsidence is the reason why the Netherlands and parts of southern England have been slowly sinking in the present day. ref p54 in Doggerland a Speculative Survey , by B.J.Coles, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society , 64 1998 pp 45 81. ref One estimate ref Glacial deposits of Britain and Europe general overview , by D.Ehlers, P.Gibbard, & Tj.C.E van Weering, 1979 in Glacial Deposits in Britain and Ireland , edited by J.Ehlers, P.Gibbard, & J.Rose, pp 493 501, Rotterdam Balkema . ref is that the centre of the North Sea rose by about 170m 558 feet during the Ice Age because of forebulging. Clarify Is this from ice? It takes 1 km of glacier for 40 m of forebulge, so this is 4 km of glacie ... more details
File Submerged forest at Ynyslas, Ceredigion.jpg thumb right Submerged forest stumps at Ynyslas , Wales File Petrified tree stump at Ynyslas, Ceredigion, Wales.jpg thumb right Petrified tree stump at Ynyslas, Wales File Clement Reid Submerged forest.jpg thumb right Submerged forest at Dove Point, on the Wirral Peninsula ref Aut Reid, C. , 1913. Submerged Forests . The Cambridge Manuals of Science and Literature, Cambridge University Press, 129 pp. ref Submerged forest is a term used to describe the remains of trees especially tree stumps which have been submerged by marine transgression , i.e. sea level rise and Petrified wood petrified . Examples can be found at low tide on the fringes of the submerged landmass known as Doggerland , ref name Keith cite book last Keith first Arthur title The Antiquity of Man publisher Anmol Publications Pvt Ltd date 15 Aug 2004 pages 41 chapter 3 isbn 8170419778 url http books.google.com ?id nCxEDWs8kwgC&pg PA41&lpg PA41&dq submerged forest france v onepage&q submerged 20forest 20france&f false accessdate 12 January 2010 ref around the coast of England and Wales, ref name Campbell cite journal last Campbell first J.A. coauthors Baxter M.S. date 29 March 1979 title Radiocarbon measurements on submerged forest floating chronologies doi 10.1038 278409a0 journal Nature volume 278 publisher Nature Publishing Group issue 5703 pages 409 413 url http www.nature.com nature journal v278 n5703 abs 278409a0.html accessdate 12 January 2010 ref the Channel Islands , ref name Keith north west France and Denmark. These remains have usually been buried in mud, peat or sand for several thousand years before being uncovered by sea level change and erosion . In some places, such as Blackpool Sands, Dartmouth , the remains are normally covered by sand and only rarely exposed. ref cite book last Pengelly first W title Report and transactions, Volume 3 Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature, and Art url http books.google.com ?id ... more details
Artois anticline , a ridge that held back a large proglacial lake in the Doggerland region, now ... the isthmus that connected Britain to continental Europe, although a Doggerland land bridge across ... projects title,89282,en.html title The Doggerland project author Professor Bryony Coles date work publisher ... See also Doggerland Booze cruise Phoenix breakwaters List of firsts in aviation List of successful English ... more details
bridge to Europe, now known as Doggerland . It is generally thought that as sea levels gradually rose after the end of the last glacial period of the current ice age, Doggerland became submerged beneath ... by Doggerland a strip of low marsh to what is now Denmark and the Netherlands . In Cheddar Gorge , near ... more details
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