Infobox former monarchy royal title Domnitor realm the United Principalities United Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia Romania coatofarms Coat of arms of Principality of Romania 1867 1872 .svg coatofarmssize 150px coatofarmscaption Coat of arms of the Principality of Romania during the reign of Carol I of Romania Carol I image Carol I of Romania king.jpg caption Carol I first monarch Alexandru Ioan Cuza last monarch Carol I of Romania Carol I style residence National Museum of Art of Romania Royal Palace in Bucharest appointer began 24 January 1859 ended 1 March 1881 pretender Domnitor pl. domnitori was the official title of the ruler of the United Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia between 1859 and 1866. Derived from the Romanian language Romanian word domn lord or ruler and, in turn, from the Latin Dominus title Dominus , Domnitor had been in use since the Middle Ages. Wallachian and Moldavian rulers had sometimes been referred to by the term, though their official titles had been voivode voievod or hospodar , especially after they were officially nominated by the Ottoman Dynasty Sultans of the Ottoman Empire . The title acquired an officially recognized meaning only after the 1862 union of Wallachia and Moldavia under Alexandru Ioan Cuza . The title was held by Cuza and his successor, Carol I of Romania Carol I , until the proclamation of the Kingdom of Romania in 1881. References refimprove date October 2011 reflist External links http www.archive.org stream reminiscencesofk00kremiala Reminiscences of the King of Roumania , Edited from the original with an Introduction by Sidney Whitman, Authorized edition, Harper & Brothers New York and London, 1899, pp. 275 277. Heads of State of Romania Category Romanian monarchs Category Romanian words and phrases Category Titles of national or ethnic leadership he id Domnitor it Domnitor ro Domnitor ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Image Proclama ia de la Islaz 1848 .jpg thumb right The 1849 Proclamation of Islaz written in Romanian Cyrillic . The Proclamation of Islaz Lang ro Proclama ia de la Islaz was the program adopted on June 9, 1848 by Romanian people Romanian revolutionaries. It was written by Ion Heliade R dulescu . On June 11, under pressure from the masses, Domnitor Gheorghe Bibescu was forced to accept the terms of the proclamation and recognise the provisional revolutionary government. Provisions The Proclamation of Islaz has the form and value of a constitutional act. Between these 22 provisions are notably The independence of the administration and legisalature. Separation of powers. Equal rights of the people. The election of a responsible domnitor for a period of 5 years. Reduction of the civil list s of the domnitor . Emancipation of the Jew s and all other compatriots belonging to other rites. Emancipation of the Romani people Gypsies . Equal instruction. Creation of a system of prisons. Creation of a national guard. The location of Islaz now in Teleorman County , then in Romana i County was a small port on the Danube with some commercial significance, which, unlike the ports of Turnu M gurele , Giurgiu and Calafat , was not under the direct control of the Ottoman Empire Turks . DEFAULTSORT Proclamation Of Islaz Category 1848 in law Category 19th century historical documents Category History of Romania Category Revolutions of 1848 Category Romani history in Romania Category Proclamations Euro hist stub Romania stub es Proclamaci n de Islaz ro Proclama ia de la Islaz ... more details
Marshal s baton. The first representation of a Romanian people Romanian Domnitor with the symbols ... ermine collar. In the right hand the Domnitor had a Ceremonial mace mace sometimes a sword , and in the left ... cabani a ienicerilor . The Domnitor Romanian Rulers from the 19th century reintroduce the mantle as symbol ... more details
File Colegiul National Alexandru Ioan Cuza Focsani.jpg thumb right Alexandru Ioan Cuza National College lang ro Colegiul Na ional Alexandru Ioan Cuza is one of the two most important high schools in Foc ani , Vrancea County , Romania . It was founded in 1864 , after Alexandru Ioan Cuza , the first Domnitor of the United Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia, enacted a Law on Education, establishing tuition free and compulsory public education for primary schools. External links ro icon http www.cnaic.ro Official site coord missing Romania Category High schools in Vrancea County Romania school stub ... more details
refimprove date February 2012 Teodor Bal August, 1805 March 1, 1857 was a kaymakam loc iitor who ruled Moldavia between July 20, 1856 ref Maciu, p.67 68 ref and March 1, 1857. The Ottoman Porte Porte appointed him replacing the previous domnitor Grigore Alexandru Ghica , whos Mandate politics mandate finished after seven years. He closed institutions created by Grigore Alexandru Ghica, like the seminar and the gymnasium from M n stirea Neam , the Law school from Ia i, National bank and abolished the law press. He was against the unification of Moldavia with Walachia . References references Persondata NAME Bals, Teodor ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1805 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH March 1, 1857 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Bals, Teodor Category 1805 births Category Rulers of Moldavia Category 1857 deaths fr Teodor Bal pl Teodor Bal ro Teodor Bal ... more details
Politics of Romania A referendum on changing the constitutional system was held in United Principalities on OldStyleDateNY June 4 May 23 OldStyleDate June 7 1864 May 26 . The Senate of Romania was created after this referendum. ref ro http www.scribd.com doc 72826483 Senatul Romaniei Senatul Rom niei ref Background The Paris Convention OldStyleDate August 19 1858 August 7 remained the governing document following the election of Alexandru Ioan Cuza as Domnitor over the United Principalities 1859 . After 1864 referendum, the Paris Convention was replaced by Cuza s own organic law, entitled Statute expanding the Paris Convention Statutul dezvolt tor al Conven iei de la Paris . References reflist Romanian elections Category 1864 elections in Europe Category 1864 referendums Category Elections in Romania Category 1864 in Romania Category Referendums in Romania ro Plebiscitul din Rom nia, 1864 ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Saint Sava College was one of the earliest Academy academic institutions in Wallachia , Romania . It was the predecessor to both Saint Sava National College and the University of Bucharest . History It was the continuator of the Princely Academy from Bucharest , and was initially located in the buildings of Saint Sava Monastery, nowadays the site of the University of Bucharest . Its origines are connected to the lectures delivered in Romanian by Gheorghe Laz r in the Princely Academy, beginning with 1818. After the Hetairia movement from 1821, the Ottoman Empire Ottoman Sultan forbade the existence of Greek schools, but he allowed the existence of Romanian schools. Thus, by the efforts of Laz r and of other professors that associated with him, like Eufrosin Poteca , Ion Heliade R dulescu , Vasile Ardelean, a.k.a. Laszlo Erdely, or Petrache Poenaru , the Saint Sava Academy managed to hold the same academic level as the former Greek language Princely Academy. The Academy was split in 1864 on orders from Domnitor Alexandru Ioan Cuza , the purely academic branch being converted into the University of Bucharest, while the secondary education one was organized as the current Saint Sava National College . Category Educational institutions established in 1821 Category 1864 disestablishments Category History of Bucharest Category Education in Bucharest bg ro Colegiul Na ional Sf ntul Sava din Bucure ti ... more details
For the Professional Lighting and Sound Association PLASA Image Judetul Timis 1930.png thumb The pl i of Timi County Timi Torontal County in 1930 Plas IPA ro plas , plural pl i IPA ro pl was a territorial division unit of Romania , ranking below Counties of Romania county jude and above Communes of Romania commune . It was headed by a Praetor Recent Praetors Pretor , appointed by the Prefect Romania county Prefect . The institution headed by the Pretor was called Pretur . The division of counties into pl i was used starting from the rule of Carol I of Romania Carol I as Domnitor , throughout the existence of a Kingdom of Romania Romanian Kingdom , and during the first two years of Communist Romania , until they were replaced in 1950 by raion s, following the Soviet Union Soviet system. ref Legea nr. 5 pentru raionarea administrativ economic a teritoriului Republicii Populare Rom ne published in Monitorul Oficial Buletinul Oficial , No. 77 September 8, 1950 Ronald A. Helin, The Volatile Administrative Map of Rumania , in Annals of the Association of American Geographers , Vol. 57, No. 3 September 1967 , pp.481 502 ref References reflist coord missing Romania Types of administrative country subdivision DEFAULTSORT Plasa Category Former subdivisions of Romania Category Types of country subdivisions romania stub it Plas he ro Plas ... more details
Alexandru Al. Ioan Cuza 1862 or 1864 1889 was a Romania n aristocrat, businessman and journalist. He was the son of Domnitor Alexander John Cuza , whose rule coincided with the United Principalities political union between the Danubian Principalities Wallachia and Moldavia . While his father was deposed and exiled, to be succeeded by Carol I of Romania Carol of Hohenzollern , Cuza joined Alexandru Beldiman in creating the journal Adev rul . The publication, established as a main voice of opposition to Carol s rule, survived the proclamation of the Kingdom of Romania , and became one of the most successful dailies in Romania. He married Maria Moruzi. Maria was later married, for just one day, with the National Liberal Party Romania National Liberal leader Ion I. C. Br tianu , and gave birth to the historian and politician Gheorghe I. Br tianu . Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Cuza, Alexandru Al. Ioan ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1889 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Cuza, Alexandru Al. Ioan Category Romanian royalty Category Romanian newspaper founders Category Adev rul people Category 1860s births Category 1889 deaths ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Unreferenced date March 2010 Image Laiota.jpg thumb right Basarab Laiot cel B tr n Basarab III cel B tr n the Old , also known as Laiot Basarab or Basarab Laiot was domnitor of the principality of Wallachia in the 1470s, repeating the achievement of his father Dan II of Wallachia Dan II in being elected by the boyars as List of Wallachian rulers Prince on five different occasions. Moreover, he succeeded the same domnitor Radu cel Frumos in Dan II s case on four separate occasions. Two of his reigns also surrounded the last period in which Vlad III the Impaler ruled over Wallachia. He ruled In the year 1473. In the year 1474. Again in 1474. Between the years 1475 and 1476. Between the years 1476 and 1477. In 1479 he joined in the Battle of Breadfield . S start Succession box before Radu cel Frumos title List of Wallachian rulers Prince of Wallachia years 1473 after Radu cel Frumos Succession box before Radu cel Frumos title List of Wallachian rulers Prince of Wallachia years 1474 after Radu cel Frumos Succession box before Radu cel Frumos title List of Wallachian rulers Prince of Wallachia years 1474 after Radu cel Frumos Succession box before Radu cel Frumos title List of Wallachian rulers Prince of Wallachia years 1475 1476 after Vlad III the Impaler Succession box before Vlad III the Impaler title List of Wallachian rulers Prince of Wallachia years 1476 1477 after Basarab epelu cel T n r S end Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Batran, Basarab Laiota Cel ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Batran, Basarab Laiota Cel Category Rulers of Wallachia Category Year of birth unknown Category Year of death unknown Category 15th century Romanian people Romania bio stub Euro noble stub es Basarab Laiot cel B tr n fr Basarab III Laiot cel B tr n it Basarab III Laiot cel B tr n he pl Basarab III Stary ro Basarab al III lea c ... more details
Alexandru Candiano Popescu January 27, 1841 June 25, 1901 was a Romanian army general, lawyer, journalist, and poet, best known for his role in the Republic of Ploie ti Conspiracy political conspiracy . Biography He joined the military school in 1854, becoming an artillery Sub Lieutenant in 1859. As a captain, he took part in the coup of February 11, 1866 that toppled Alexandru Ioan Cuza , the ruling Domnitor of the Danubian Principalities United Principalities . In 1867, he resigned from the Romanian Army and started two newspapers Perseveren a and Democra ia , in which he supported Liberalism and radicalism in Romania democratic ideas. Considered a political agitator , he was arrested three times, including once in Austria Hungary , where he was imprisoned for several weeks in the fortress of Arad, Romania Arad . In August 1870, he took part in the Republicanism republican insurrection against the House of Hohenzollern Hohenzollern Domnitor , Carol I of Romania Carol I , in Ploie ti . The movement was suppressed and he was charged along with 40 other people, but the T rgovi te court of law acquitted them. In his tongue in cheek account of the insurrection Boborul , Ion Luca Caragiale identified Candiano Popescu with the Republic s president , and claimed that he had appointed several of his collaborators into high office. In 1877, as the Russo Turkish War, 1877 1878 War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire began, Candiano, although he was a deputy in the Parliament of Romania Romanian Parliament , joined the army to take part in the assault over Grivitsa , being the commander of the 2nd Hunters Battalion, receiving the Order of St. George from Alexander II of Russia Alexander II , the List of Russian rulers Emperor of Russian Empire Russia . In 1880, he became Carol s Adjutant , a position he held for 12 years. In 1894, he was named General of Cavalry. He wrote a volume of poetry, C nd n aveam ce face 1866 , and several war songs. References I. L. Caragiale, ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Basarab IV cel T n r the Young , also known as epelu the little Impaler , son of Basarab II , was domnitor of the principality of Wallachia , between the years 1477 1481, and again from 1481 to 1482. Curiously, and symbolically of the unstable political climate of medieval Wallachia, despite the fact that he was removed from his position in 1481, and replaced the same year, two other men were granted the title Prince of Wallachia between his two reigns. In 1479 he was forced by Ali Kodsha to take part on the Ottoman campaign against Transylvania , where he faced his arch rival uncle Basarab Laiot cel B tr n who had been living in Transylvania since 1477, having been ousted from the throne of Wallachia, by cel T n r. Basarab IV brought approx. 2,000 infantry to the campaign, but was defeated in the Battle of Breadfield . Start box Succession box before Basarab Laiot cel B tr n title List of Wallachian rulers Prince of Wallachia years 1477 1481 after Vlad C lug rul Succession box before Vlad C lug rul title List of Wallachian rulers Prince of Wallachia years 1481 1482 after Vlad C lug rul End box Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Tanar, Basarab Tepelus Cel ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Tanar, Basarab Tepelus Cel Category Rulers of Wallachia Romania bio stub Euro royal stub es Basarab epelu cel T n r fr Basarab IV epelu cel T n r it Basarab IV epelu cel T n r he pl Basarab IV ro Basarab al IV lea cel T n r sk Basarab IV. ... more details
File Grigore III Ghica, Prince of Moldavia and Wallachia.jpg thumb right 250px Grigore III Ghica Grigore III Ghica was twice the Prince of Moldavia between 29 March 1764 3 February 1767 and September 1774 10 October 1777 and of Wallachia 28 October 1768 November 1769. A Phanariote ruler domnitor of the Ghica family , Grigore Ghica was assassinated by the Ottoman Empire Ottomans for opposing the annexation of the northwestern part of Moldavia later named Bukovina by the Habsburg Monarchy Habsburg Empire . start box succession box before Grigore Callimachi title List of Moldavian rulers Prince Voivode of Moldavia years 1764 1767 after Grigore Callimachi succession box before Russian occupation title List of Moldavian rulers Prince Voivode of Moldavia years 1774 1777 after Constantin Moruzi end box References commonscat inline Grigore III Ghica Unreferenced date June 2007 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Ghica, Grigore III ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Ghica, Grigore III Category Ghica family Category Rulers of Moldavia Category Rulers of Wallachia Category Year of death unknown Category Rulers of Moldavia and Wallachia Romania bio stub Moldova bio stub euro royal stub el fr Grigore III Ghica pl Grzegorz Aleksander Ghica zm. 1777 ro Grigore al III lea Ghica ru III ... more details
Ion Roat IPA ro i on ro at also known as Ioan Roat or Mo Ion Roat 1806, C mpuri , Vrancea County February 19, 1882, C mpuri Gura V ii was a Moldavia n born Romania n peasant and political figure. Roat was representative in the Moldavian ad hoc Divan for the peasant electoral college of Putna County . With Partida Na ional , he supported the election of Alexandru Ioan Cuza as List of rulers of Moldavia Prince of Moldavia , as well as endorsing his elections in Wallachia leading to the union of the two Danubian Principalities , which eventually occurred on January 24, 1859 . At the same time, he campaigned in favor of land reform in Moldavia and Romania at large. Roat was known for his personal friendship with Domnitor Cuza and his main supporter, Mihail Kog lniceanu events involving the three of them are present in a series of anecdote s by Ion Creang . Wikisourcelang ro Mo Ion Roat Mo Ion Roat an anecdote by Ion Creang External links ro icon http www.infoportal.ro articol din cultura info 185943 un vrancean luptator pentru unire mos ion roata.html Un vr ncean lupt tor pentru unire Mo Ion Roat , Ialomi a , January 23, 2007 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Roata, Ion ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1806 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH February 19, 1882 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Roata, Ion Category People from Vrancea County Category Romanian politicians Category 1806 births Category 1882 deaths Romania bio stub it Ion Roat ro Ion Roat ... more details
Other places3 Cuza Vod disambiguation Infobox settlement more fields are available for this Infobox See Template Infobox settlement subdivision type Countries of the world Country subdivision name ROU timezone Eastern European Time EET utc offset 2 timezone DST Eastern European Summer Time EEST utc offset DST 3 map caption Location of Cuza Vod , Constan a official name Cuza Vod image shield image map subdivision type1 Counties of Romania County subdivision name1 Constan a County subdivision type2 Subdivisions of Romania Status subdivision name2 Communes of Romania Commune settlement type Commune leader title Mayor leader name Eugen Dumitru leader party Social Democratic Party Romania Social Democratic Party area total km2 53.22 population as of 2004 population total 3246 website http www.cuza voda.ro pushpin map Romania pushpin label position left latd 44 latm 18 lats 0 latNS N longd 28 longm 19 longs 0 longEW E coordinates type region RO type city 3220 coordinates display display inline,title Cuza Vod is a Commune in Romania commune in Constan a County , Romania . The commune includes one village Cuza Vod historical name Docuzol , lang tr Dokuz O ul named after the Romanian Domnitor Alexander John Cuza . Constan a County References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Cuza Voda Category Communes in Constan a County Constan a geo stub ar it Cuza Vod Costanza hu Cuza Vod Constan a megye pt Cuza Vod Constan a ro Cuza Vod , Constan a vi Cuza Vod , Constan a vo Cuza Vod Constan a ... more details
Alexandru is a common Romania n given name for males. It is equivalent to the English language English name Alexander . A common diminutive is Sandu another common diminutive is Alecu . Its female forms are Alexandra and Alexandrina disambiguation Alexandrina . Rulers small in chronological order small Alexandru cel Bun d.1432 , Prince of Moldavia 1400 1432 Alexandru I Aldea 1397 1436 , Prince of Wallachia 1431 1436 Alexandru L pu neanu Prince of Moldavia 1552 1561 and 1564 1568 Alexandru II Mircea , Hospodar of Wallachia 1568 1574 and 1574 1577 Alexandru Ghica , Prince of Wallachia 1766 1768 Alexandru Su u 1758 1821 , Prince of Moldavia and Prince of Wallachia Alexandru II Ghica 1796 1862 , Prince of Wallachia Alexander John Cuza Alexandru Ioan Cuza 1820 1873 , Prince of Moldavia, Domnitor of the United Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia 1859 1866 Prime ministers Alexandru Athanasiu Alexandru Averescu Alexandru G. Golescu Alexandru Marghiloman Alexandru Vaida Voevod Religious leaders Alexandru Sterca ulu iu Alexandru afran Alexandru Todea Other people Alexandru Apolzan Alexandru Bogdan Pite ti Alexandru Borza Alexandru Candiano Popescu Alexandru Cantacuzino Alexandru Caraman Alexandru Ciucurencu Alexandru Ciurcu Alexandru Davila Alexandru Dobrogeanu Gherea Alexandru Dragomir Alexandru Frim Alexandru Ghika Alexandru Graur Alexandru Hrisoverghi Alexandru Koller Alexandru Le co Alexandru Macedonski Alexandru Marin Alexandru Ioan Mor un Alexandru Mo anu Alexandru Nicolschi Alexandru Odobescu Alexandru Ora cu Alexandru Paleologu Alexandru Papadopol Alexandru Papiu Ilarian Alexandru Pl m deal Alexandru Popovici Moldovan footballer Alexandru Popovici Romanian footballer Alexandru Proca Alexandru Sahia Alexandru Sturdza Alexandru erb nescu Alexandru Tamasan Romanian mathematician Alexandru Terhe Alexandru Toma Alexandru Tudose Alexandru Tyroler Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol Alexandru Zub DEFAULTSORT Alexandru Name Category Romanian masculine given names given name ... more details
of Napoleon III. His plan to establish universal manhood suffrage , together with the power of the Domnitor ... Domnitor as Carol I of Romania on 20 April 1866. The election of a foreign prince with ties to an important ... and Wallachia s ttl title Domnitor years 1862 1866 s aft after Carol I of Romania Carol I end Heads ... more details
Domnitor Romanian a domni , to rule, from Domn , Lord the official title of the ruler of Romania between 1859 and 1881 also unofficially used earlier . ref DEX domnitor ref Dreg tor Romanian a drege , to fix ... and Moldavia in Slavic documents. Ispravnic Slavic izpravnik a representative of the Domnitor in a county ... domnitor s adviser. ref DEX sfetnic ref Sp tar Greek spatharios In Wallachia, holder of the royal ... or doorman ref DEX ceau ref Chehaia Turkish kehaya representative of the Domnitor at the Ottoman ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Infobox Prime Minister name Nicolae Cre ulescu br Nicolae Kretzulescu nationality smallimage image Nicolae Cretulescu.jpg imagesize 150px caption order Prime Minister of Romania term start 24 June 1862&mdash 11 October 1863 br 14 June 1865 term end 11 February 1866 monarch Alexandru Ioan Cuza vicepresident deputy predecessor Barbu Catargiu br Mihail Kog lniceanu successor Mihail Kog lniceanu br Lasc r Catargiu birth date 1812 birth place Bucharest , Romania death date death year and age 1900 1812 death place constituency party spouse profession religion signature footnotes Nicolae Cre ulescu IPA ro niko la.e kret su lesku , surname also spelled Kretzulescu 1812 1900 was a Wallachia n born Romania n politician and physician. He served three terms as Prime Minister of Romania from 1862 to 1863, again from 1865 to 1866, and finally in 1867. He was elected to the Romanian Academy . Born in Bucharest , he studied medicine in Paris , having Gustave Flaubert as a colleague. As a physician, his notable work was the translation of Jean Cruveilhier s manual of anatomy . A member of the National Liberal Party Romania Liberal faction , Cre ulescu first became prime minister after the assassination of Barbu Catargiu , under Domnitor Alexandru Ioan Cuza . He avoided debating the issue of land reform , at that time the most contentious subject in Romanian politics instead, Cre ulescu focused on unifying the public health system, creating the Directorate General of the Public Archive, and establishing a Council for Public Instruction. Additionally, he laid the groundwork for further laws Secularization secularizing nationalizing the property of Monastery monasteries . RomanianPrimeMinisters Chairman Senate Romania Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Cre ulescu, Nicolae ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kretzulescu, Nicolae SHORT DESCRIPTION Romanian politician and physician DATE OF BIRTH 1812 PLACE OF BIRTH Bucharest , Romania DATE OF D ... more details
Ioan M. Manu , also known as Iancu Manu 1803 November 29 Old Style O.S. , 1874 , was a Romania n boyar and politician. Biography He was the son of Mihail G. Manu , born into a family of Republic of Venice Venetian origins that had moved from Istanbul to Wallachia in the mid 18th century, where it was one of the noble families of Phanariotes . Ioan Manu studied at home and then at the Romanian school of Ion Heliade R dulescu , Simeon Marcovici and others. During the rule of Imperial Russia n governor Pavel Kiselyov see Regulamentul Organic , he was a prefect of Gala i , then a prefect of Giurgiu and in 1833, he settled in the capital Bucharest , holding several offices in succession a Vornic during the reign of List of rulers of Wallachia Prince Alexandru II Ghica , a secretary of the Sfatul boieresc National Assembly , and an Agha Ottoman Empire Aga prefect of police during the reign of Gheorghe Bibescu when he organized the first Firefighter s Corps in Wallachia . In exchange for his leadership during a great fire in 1847 see History of Bucharest , Manu was awarded a sword of honour by the city. During the 1848 Wallachian Revolution , he fled the country, returning after some time, but staying out of politics for a while. He later became a Postelnic Foreign Minister during the reign of Barbu Dimitrie tirbei . In his political activity, Manu climbed all the boyar ranks, eventually reaching the highest one, that of Great Vornic . In 1858, after the Crimean War removed the country from Russian overseeing, he was, with Emanoil B leanu and Ioan Al. Filipescu , one of the three Caimacam s who List of rulers of Wallachia administered Wallachia pending the election of a new prince by the ad hoc Divan . In 1859, he supported the former prince Bibescu instead of Alexandru Ioan Cuza , and, during the latter s rule as Domnitor of the Danubian Principalities United Principalities , he retired from public life. Manu returned only when Carol I of Romania Carol I replaced Cuza, b ... more details
Image M n stirea Cotroceni, 1860.jpg thumb 350px 1860 engraving showing the Cotroceni Monastery and its estate in Bucharest The law on the secularization of monastery estates in Romania was proposed in December 1863 by Domnitor Alexander John Cuza Alexandru Ioan Cuza and approved by the Parliament of Romania . By its terms, the Romania n state confiscated the large Estate land estates owned by the Romanian Orthodox Church Eastern Orthodox Church in Romania which was in strict obedience to the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople Greek Orthodox Church at the time . One of the measures ensuring secularism and the separation of church and state , it was also designed to provide an arable land reserve for land reform , without raising the issue of boyar estates. Probably more than a quarter of Romania s farmland was controlled by untaxed Eastern Orthodox Church Eastern Orthodox Dedication Dedicated Monasteries , which supported Greeks Greek and other foreign monks in shrines such as Mount Athos and Jerusalem . These estates, which were mostly formed under Phanariote reigns in Wallachia and Moldavia respectively, had a low productivity and were also a substantial drain on state revenues. The measure was unpopular among both Liberalism in Romania Liberal and Conservative Party Romania, 1880 1918 Conservative groupings, but it had both popular support and the support of Romania s Suzerainty suzerain , the Ottoman Empire . On December 23, the Ottoman Empire requested the intervention of the guaranteeing Great Power powers the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , the Second French Empire , Italy , the Austrian Empire , Prussia , and the Russian Empire &mdash all had been overseeing Romania ever since the Treaty of Paris 1856 1856 Treaty of Paris to influence the country in passing the bill. However, List of Prime Ministers of Romania Prime Minister Mihail Kog lniceanu did not wait for their intervention, and on December 25, 1863, he introduced the bill into Par ... more details
File Maria Obrenovici.jpg thumb Marija Obrenovi Elena Maria Catargiu Obrenovi Serbian language Serbian Serbian Cyrillic alphabet Cyrillic 1831 Ia i &ndash July 16, 1876 or June 28, 1879 Dresda , known in Serbia as Marija Obrenovi , was a Moldavia n and Romania n boyar ess. She was the mother of King Milan I of Serbia and the Mistress lover mistress of Alexandru Ioan Cuza . Born Elena Maria Catargiu , a member of the Catargiu family, she was married to Milo Obrenovi . Her husband was a nephew of Milo Obrenovi I, Prince of Serbia the founder of the House of Obrenovi and cousin of Mihailo Obrenovi III 1823 1868 , Prince of Serbia 1839 1842 and 1860 1868 . Their son, Milan Obrenovi IV Milan Obrenovi 1854 1901 , became Prince of Serbia 1868 1882 and then King of Serbia 1882 1889 as Milan I. Later in life, she was the Mistress lover mistress of Alexander John Cuza , Domnitor of the Kingdom of Romania Principality of Romania . Marija Obrenovi had two sons by Cuza Alexandru Al. Ioan Cuza and Dimitrie Cuza . ref name dimitrie http thepeerage.com p22376.htm i223760 Dimitrie Cuza s page on thePeerage.com ref Cuza s wife, Elena Cuza Elena Rosetti , who was childless, raised her husband s two illegitimate children as her own. Dimitrie committed suicide in 1888, ref name dimitrie and Alexandru died the following year. Issue By her husband, Milo Obrenovi Milan I of Serbia 22 August 1854 &ndash 11 February 1901 By Alexander John Cuza Alexandru Al. Ioan Cuza born between 1862 and 1864, died 1889 Dimitrie Cuza 1865 1888 References Reflist External links http pages.prodigy.net ptheroff gotha yugoslavia.html The Online Gotha Persondata name Obrenovic, Marija alternative names short description date of birth 1831 place of birth date of death 1879 place of death DEFAULTSORT Obrenovic, Marija Category 1831 births Category Romanian nobility Category Royal mistresses Category House of Obrenovi Marija Category 1879 deaths Romania bio stub pl Elena ... more details
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