A carotid Doppler machine is a device which can be used to measure blood flow velocities within the cervical carotid arteries , as well as the vertebral arteries and sometimes the subclavian arteries by means of non invasive Medical ultrasonography ultrasonic scanning in which the Doppler effect is utilized. This can be useful for estimating the effects of atherosclerotic disease on the Lumen anatomy lumen in late stages specifically the level of compromise in blood flow caused by reduction in arterial lumen diameter. File CarotidDoppler1.jpg thumb colour flow ultrasonography Doppler of a carotid artery scanner and screen These are the same ultrasound machine used in obstetric ultrasonography to evaluate the fetus in pregnant women they have high frequency probes used specifically for the purpose of imaging arteries and veins in full details and are equipped with color Doppler, pulsed wave and continuous wave doppler scans and collectively give good information about disease status of these arteries and veins. Using B mode scanning imaging and very careful technique, the same ultrasound machine can also be used to measure the intima media thickness arterial wall thickening within segments of the carotid arteries non invasively. This can be useful for detecting and tracking Atherosclerosis atherosclerotic disease in early stages. This has been used in clinical research since the early 1990s and is occasionally used by some clinicians. References Delmar s Guide to Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests. Rick Daniels. Edition 2, illustrated. Cengage Learning , 2009. ISBN 1418020672, 9781418020675. Page 194. External links http www.londonxray.com patients02.asp Carotid Doppler ultrasound bad link http www.nhlbi.nih.gov health dci Diseases cu cu whatis.html What Is Carotid Ultrasound? DEFAULTSORT Carotid Doppler Machine Category Medical equipment pt Doppler de car tidas ... more details
Listen filename Fetal doppler recording heartbeat and movement.ogg title Recording From a Fetal Doppler Monitor description Recording from a consumer grade fetal doppler monitor of a 16 week fetus. Image Doptone.jpg thumb Doppler fetal monitor Image DopplerSonographyBloodFlowDiagram de.svg right Invented in 1958 by Dr. Edward H. Hon ref Roger K. Freeman, Thomas J. Garite, Michael P. Nageotte, Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring Third Edition, 2003, p. 3. The earliest preliminary report of FHR monitoring came in 1958 from Edward Hon, MD,... via fetal ECG monitor on the maternal abdomen. http books.google.com books?id WH 1eln4aVgC&lpg PA3&ots SaSJMoV82p&dq Edward 20Hon 20doppler 201958&pg PA3 v onepage&q Edward 20Hon 20doppler 201958&f false Google Books citation ref a Doppler fetal monitor or Doppler fetal heart rate monitor is a hand held ultrasound transducer used to detect the Cardiac cycle heart beat of a fetus for prenatal care . It uses the Doppler effect to provide an audible simulation of the heart beat. Some models also display the heart rate in beats per minute. Use of this monitor is sometimes known as Doppler auscultation . Doppler fetal monitors are commonly referred to simply as Dopplers . Doppler fetal monitors provide information about the fetus similar to that provided by a fetal stethoscope . One advantage of the Doppler fetal monitor over a purely acoustic fetal stethoscope is the electronic audio output, which allows people other than the user to hear the heartbeat ..., Summit Doppler, EchoHeart, Ultrasound Technologies Seward Wakeling , Parks Medical Electronics as Obstetrical ... women who are overweight. A new 5 MHz EchoHeart Transvaginal Fetal Doppler Probe aids in the detection ... by the practitioner. The generic use of the word Sonicaid for Doppler fetal monitors comes from the products ... References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Doppler Fetal Monitor Category Obstetrics Category Medical equipment es Monitor fetal Doppler ... more details
File MAKS 2007 Radar.jpg thumb upright 1.5 Airborne pulse Doppler radar antenna Pulse Doppler is a 4D ... using Pulse Doppler signal processing , based on the Doppler effect , to extract the information ... of the radar to make it safe and effective for use on aircraft. Pulse Doppler radar has ... domain continuous wave Doppler radar , which makes it ideal for different applications ... radars , pulse Doppler measures instantaneous speed of precipitations at discrete range intervals as the beam is slewed across the sky. Pulse Doppler radar is also the basis of synthetic aperture radar ... History The earliest radar systems failed to operate as expected. The reason was traced to Doppler effects ... cause a phase shift on the transmit pulse that can produce signal cancellation. Doppler has maximum detrimental effect on moving target indicator systems, which must use reverse phase shift for Doppler compensation in the detector. Doppler weather effects precipitation were also found to degrade ... World War II systems. Pulse Doppler radar was developed during World War II to overcome limitations ... wave tube , and solid state devices. Pulse Doppler is incompatible with other high power microwave ... radar. Pulse Doppler radar eliminates these weaknesses. It became possible to use pulse Doppler radar on aircraft after digital computers were incorporated in the design. Pulse Doppler provided look down ... 1970s. Principle File Radarops.gif thumb right upright 1.5 Principle of pulsed radar Pulse Doppler radar is based on the Doppler effect , where movement in range produces frequency shift on the signal reflected from the target. math Doppler Frequency left frac 2 times Transmit Frequency times Range Velocity C right math Radial velocity is essential for pulse Doppler radar operation. As the reflector ... or phase shift from pulse to pulse. This causes the reflector to produce Doppler modulation on the reflected signal. Pulse Doppler radars exploit this phenomenon to improve performance. The amplitude ... more details
. To collect the observations related to Zeeman Doppler Imaging, astronomers use stellar spectropolarimeters ... Zeeman Doppler Imaging http www.ast.obs mip.fr article.php3?id article 457 Stellar tomography ... of using Zeeman Doppler Imaging Category Astrophysics Category Spectroscopy ar fr Imagerie Zeeman Doppler it Zeeman Doppler imaging lv Z mana Doplera att lveido ana lt Z mano Doplerio metodas no Zeeman Doppler metoden pl Obrazowanie Zeemana Dopplera ... more details
0.7c. The frequency is higher on the right, and lower on the left. The relativistic Doppler ... and the observer as in the classical Doppler effect , when taking into account effects described by the special relativity special theory of relativity . The relativistic Doppler effect is different from the non relativistic Doppler effect as the equations include the time dilation effect of special ... Doppler effect. In Diagram 2, the blue point represents the observer, and the arrow represents the observer ... in the Doppler Effect is to individualize each wave out sourcing the central point and expanding ... Doppler effect requires understanding the Doppler effect , time dilation , and the aberration ... Doppler effect shifts the frequency of light as the emitter or observer moves toward or away ... math is called the Doppler factor of the source relative to the observer. This terminology is particularly ... can be approximated by math z simeq beta frac v c , math corresponding to the classical Doppler ... a relativistic Doppler shift equation for waves that themselves are not relativistic. Let there be two ... cause of the Doppler effect and is also present in the classical treatment. This transit time is equal ... Doppler shift of any moving wave in terms of the stationary frequency, math f prime math math ... math c rightarrow infty math equivalent to math gamma rightarrow 1 math gives the Doppler effect classical Doppler formula math f left 1 frac v u prime right f prime. math Note also the particular ..., the limit to classical mechanics, math c rightarrow infty math , is instructive. The Doppler effect ... of light to be infinite. The Doppler effect, classical or relativistic, occurs because the wave source ... that there should be no Doppler effect for light waves, whereas the relativistic theory gives the correct ... Doppler effect The transverse Doppler effect is the nominal redshift or blueshift predicted by special ... relative to the medium. The transverse Doppler effect is a consequence of the relativistic Doppler effect ... more details
The photoacoustic Doppler effect , as its name implies, is one specific kind of Doppler effect, which ... Wang. Photoacoustic Doppler Effect from Flowing Small Light Absorbing Particles. Physical Review ... name prl H. Fang, K. Maslov, L.V. Wang. Photoacoustic Doppler Effect from Flowing Small Light Absorbing ... ref name apl H. Fang, K. Maslov, L.V. Wang. Photoacoustic Doppler flow measurement in optically scattering ... . Experiment Image Scat data.JPG frame right 40px Figure 2 Average Photoacoustic Doppler Shift vs. Velocity for a Scattering Medium ref name apl In the first demonstration of the Photoacoustic Doppler ... photoacoustic Doppler frequency shift. In a scattering medium, such as the experimental phantom ... scale diameter.Photoacoustic Doppler effect based imaging is a promising method for blood ... of flow velocities. Doppler ultrasound The Doppler ultrasound technique uses Doppler frequency shifts ... due to the high background ultrasound signal from biological tissue. ref name apl Laser doppler flowmetry Laser Doppler Flowmetry utilizes light instead of ultrasound to detect flow velocity. The much ... of Doppler ultrasound . But this technique is limited by high background noise and low signal due to multiple scattering . Laser Doppler flowmetry can measure only the averaged blood speed within 1mm math 3 math without information about flow direction. ref name apl Doppler optical coherence tomography Doppler Optical coherence tomography is an optical flow measurement technique that improves on the spatial resolution of laser Doppler flowmetry by rejecting scattering multiple scattering light ... mm. ref name apl Photoacoustic doppler flowmetry Photoacoustic Doppler effect can be used to measure ... and spatial resolution. ref name bopi The photoacoustic Doppler flowmetry could use the power of photoacoustics ... spectroscopy Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine Photoacoustic tomography Doppler effect References reflist DEFAULTSORT Photoacoustic Doppler Effect Category Doppler effects Category Radio frequency ... more details
Photon Doppler velocimetry PDV is a one dimensional Fourier transform analysis of a heterodyne laser interferometry . It was developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory by Strand. ref http link.aip.org link ?RSINAK 77 083108 1 ref In recent years PDV has achieved popularity in the shock physics community as an adjunct or replacement for VISAR Disambiguation needed date June 2011 see talk page in the instrumentation of high strain rate events. Contemporary data acquisition technology and off the shelf optical telecommunications devices now leverage the assembly of these systems within reasonable budgets. Conference The 2009 PDV users conference was held at the University of Texas at Austin , Institute for Advanced Technology. ref http www.iat.utexas.edu pdv agenda.html ref The 2010 PDV users conference was held at the Ohio State University. ref http omi.osu.edu pdv ref See also Laser Doppler velocimetry References references Category Measurement Category Fourier analysis ... more details
The Differential Doppler effect occurs when light is emitted from a rotating source. In Circumstellar dust circumstellar environments it describes the difference in photons arriving at orbiting dust particles. Photons that originate from the limb that is rotating away from the particle are Redshift red shifted , while photons emitted from the limb rotating toward the particle are Blueshift blue shifted . ref cite journal last McDonough first T. R. year 1975 title Effects of Stellar Spin and Diameter on the Poynting Robertson Effect journal News Lett. of the Astronomical Society of New York volume 1 issue 1 pages 32 doi ref See also Yarkovsky effect Poynting Robertson effect Radiation pressure References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist Categories Category Doppler effects Category Astrophysics Category Articles created via the Article Wizard Sci stub Astronomy stub ... more details
Essay like date May 2009 Acoustic Doppler velocimetry ADV is designed to record instantaneous velocity components at a single point with a relatively high frequency. Measurements are performed by measuring the velocity of particles in a remote sampling volume based upon the Doppler shift effect. ref name Voulgaris and Trowbridge 1998 Cite book author VOULGARIS, G., and TROWBRIDGE, J.H. title Evaluation of the Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter ADV for Turbulence Measurements publisher Jl Atmosph. and Oceanic Tech., Vol. 15, pp. 272 289 year 1998 isbn ref ref name McLelland and Nicholas 2000 Cite book author McLELLAND, S.J., and NICHOLAS, A.P. title A New Method for Evaluating Errors in High Frequency ADV Measurements publisher Hydrological Processes, Vol. 14, pp. 351 366 year 2000 isbn ref Probe ..., H. title Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry ADV in the Field and in Laboratory Practical Experiences url ... transformation may cause some velocity resolution errors. Although acoustic Doppler ... velocity fluctuations, Doppler noise, signal aliasing, turbulent shear and other disturbances. Evidences ... flows, the ADV velocity outputs are a combination of Doppler noise, signal aliasing, velocity ... Doppler Velocimeters. Discussion url http espace.library.uq.edu.au view.php?pid UQ 120467 publisher ... 2006 isbn ref discussed the inherent Doppler noise of an ADV system. Spikes may be caused by aliasing of the Doppler signal. McLelland and Nicholas ref name McLelland and Nicholas 2000 explained the physical ... Doppler Velocimeter publisher Jl of Hyd. Engrg., ASCE, Vol. 128, No. 1, pp. 117 126. Discussion Vol ... title Despiking Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter. Discussion publisher Jl of Hyd. Engrg., ASCE, Vol. 129 ...., TREVETHAN, M., and AOKI, S. title Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry ADV in Small Estuary Field Experience ... links http espace.library.uq.edu.au view UQ 159549 Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry ADV in the Field ... Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry Category Fluid dynamics ... more details
Planar Doppler Velocimetry PDV , also referred to as Doppler Global Velocimetry DGV , determines flow velocity across a plane by measuring the Doppler effect Doppler shift in frequency of light scattered by particles contained in the flow. The Doppler shift, f sub d sub , is related to the fluid velocity. by the simple expression, Unsourced image removed Image Eqn1BT.jpg where is the unit vector in the observation direction, is the unit vector in the direction of the incident laser light, is the wavelength of the light and is the velocity vector of the flow. The relatively small frequency shift disambiguation frequency shift order 1 GHz is discriminated using an atomic or molecular vapor filter. This approach is conceptually similar to what is now known as Filtered Rayleigh scattering Rayleigh Scattering Miles and Lempert, 1990 . Equipment Up to know, a typical one component PDV instrument utilizes a pulsed injection seeded Nd YAG laser, one or two scientific grade CCD cameras and a molecular iodine filter as shown in Figure 1. The laser is used to illuminate a plane of the flow with narrow spectral linewidth light. The Doppler shifted scattered light is then split into two paths using a beamsplitter and imaged onto the camera s . In this manner the absolute absorption of scattered ... Elliott, G. S. and Beutner, T. J., Molecular filter based planar Doppler velocimetry, Progress in Aerospace Sciences, Vol. 35, 799, 1999. McKenzie, R.L., Measurement capabilities of planar Doppler ..., 2000. Thurow, B., Jiang, N., Lempert, W. and Samimy, M., MHz Rate Planar Doppler Velocimetry in Supersonic ... of a Three Component Doppler Global Velocimetry System , in Proceedings of the 17th Symposium ... Stockholm, Sweden 2004 . Charret, T.O.H, Ford, H.D. and Tatam, R.P., Single Camera 3D Planar Doppler ... Documents Planar 20Doppler 20Velocimetry.pdf Planar Doppler Velocimetry by the Cranfield University ... at en desktopdefault.aspx tabid 1657 2281 read 3723 DEFAULTSORT Planar Doppler Velocimetry Category ... more details
File ADRADnew.jpg thumb The current Aggie Doppler Radar dish File Eller OM ADRAD snow.jpg thumb The Aggie Doppler Radar in operation atop the Eller O&M Building at Texas A&M University during a rare southern Texas snow storm on February 23, 2010 The Aggie Doppler Radar ADRAD is a Pulse Doppler radar Doppler weather radar located on the roof of the Eller O&M Building Eller Oceanography & Meteorology Building on the Texas A&M University campus in College Station, Texas . History The Meteorology department first began its study of convective storms with the use of a 3 cm wavelength radar in the early 1950s. In 1962, they upgraded to a 10 cm, and in 1966, dual wavelength capability was added. After several modifications, the radar was placed on top of the newly completed Eller O&M Building in 1973. In 1992, the Texas Aggie Aggie Doppler RADar was born with the installation of Weather radar Velocity doppler capability . A final upgrade to the pedestal, removal of the side dishes, new processor, and work station occurred in 1997. ref name aggiedopplerradar http www.met.tamu.edu vtour radar.html TAMU Meteorology Virtual Tour ref AN CPS 9 In the early 1950s, the department received a 3 cm weather radar, AN CPS 9 , from the US Air Force. Using this 3 cm radar, researchers studied mid latitude mesoscale systems, severe storms, and land falling cyclones. ref name tdh http www.met.tamu.edu TAMSCAMS tamscams department history4.html TAMSCAMS Meteorology Department History ref The original AN CPS 9 console is visible in the http www.met.tamu.edu TAMSCAMS tamscams department history4.html ... Doppler capability. One of the storms that was tracked with this radar was Hurricane Alicia ... of a Lassen Research PSP 32 processor in 1992 enabled Doppler capability. The new system was renamed the TAMU Aggie Doppler Radar TAMU ADRAD . This system was updated in 1993. A final upgrade ... Category Weather radars fr Radar Doppler Aggie ... more details
A laser Doppler vibrometer LDV is a scientific instrument that is used to make non contact vibration measurements of a surface. The laser beam from the LDV is directed at the surface of interest, and the vibration amplitude and frequency are extracted from the Doppler effect Doppler shift of the laser beam frequency due to the motion of the surface. The output of an LDV is generally a continuous analog voltage that is directly proportional to the target velocity component along the direction of the laser beam. Some advantages of an LDV over similar measurement devices such as an accelerometer are that the LDV can be directed at targets that are difficult to access, or that may be too small or too hot to attach a physical transducer . Also, the LDV makes the vibration measurement without mass loading the target, which is especially important for Microelectromechanical systems MEMS devices. Principles of operation A vibrometer is generally a two beam laser interferometer that measures the frequency ... a Doppler shift to the beam given by f sub d sub 2 v t cos &alpha &lambda , where v t is the velocity ... Basic components of a laser Doppler vibrometer div Light scatters from the target in all directions ... frequency modulated FM signal, with the Bragg cell frequency as the carrier frequency, and the Doppler ... laser doppler velocimetry systems Proceedings Paper , http spie.org x648.html?product id 819324 ... such as eardrum diagnostics ref Huber, Alexander M , Evaluation of Eardrum Laser Doppler Interferometry ... of LDVs ref Burgett, Richard D. et al., Mobile mounted laser Doppler vibrometer array for acoustic landmine ... Targets XI 2006 . ref has been demonstrated. Types of Laser Doppler Vibrometers Single point vibrometers ... Beam Laser Doppler Vibrometer Bot generated title ref self mixing interferometry Self mixing vibrometers ... generated title ref Continuous Scan Laser Doppler Vibrometry CSLDV &ndash A modified LDV that sweeps ... points simultaneously References reflist See also Laser Doppler velocimetry Category Laser applications ... more details
, which are Doppler shifted upward in frequency. In certain species of bats, which produce constant frequency CF Animal echolocation echolocation calls, the bats compensate for the Doppler shift ... frequency range of the normal echolocation call. This dynamic frequency modulation is called the Doppler ... off of, which produces an echo , will hear Doppler shifted echoes of the pulses they produce. If the bat ... object. For CF bats, who possess an acoustic fovea , the Doppler shifted echo will fall outside ... to compensate for the Doppler shift during an approach toward an object of interest, the bat will lower ... pulse frequency by the same increment that the Doppler shift will raise the echo frequency ... the echo frequency. For FM bats, the frequency of the Doppler shifted echoes still falls within their range ... about the target. ref name Suga Both CF and CF FM bats use the Doppler shift compensation mechanism ..., M. 2002. Doppler shift compensation behavior in horseshoe bats revisited auditory feedback ... frequency. ref name MZS 2002 Metzner, W., Zhang, S., and Smotherman, M. 2002. Doppler .... ref Schnitzler, H.U. and Denzinger, A. 2011. Auditory fovea and Doppler shift compensation adaptations ... Mormoopidae employ the DSC to modulate the echo frequency. ref name Teeling The Doppler shift ... specialization for fine analysis of Doppler shifted echoes in the auditory system of the CF FM bat ..., M., and Guill n Servent, A. 2008. Doppler shift compensation behavior by Wagner s mustached ... the call rate leads to a risk that the bat will overcompensate for the Doppler shift, which will also ... of small, rapid changes to call frequency, the Doppler shift can be acutely compensated for, without ... s natural context. ref name SM 2003 Function of the Doppler Shift Compensation Mechanism By continually ... with respect to the target is increased , the Doppler shifted echoes are dynamically maintained .... ref name Metzner Metzner, W. 1989. A possible neuronal basis for Doppler shift compensation ... more details
Multiple issues wikify March 2012 notability October 2009 unreferenced October 2009 Radar Doppler Multitarget RDY in its French acronym is a multimode fire control radar that was originally designed for the Mirage 2000 Mirage 2000 5 fighter by Thales. Service RDY is the standard fit on the Mirage 2000 5, 5Mk2 enhanced RDY and 9 enhanced RDY aircraft and has been retrofitted aboard 37 French Air Force Mirage 2000Cs aircraft to Mirage 2000 5F standard 11 aircraft redelivered during 1998, 22 during 1999 , 25 Greek Mirage 2000 5 Mk2 and 62 United Arab Emirates Mirage 2000EAD DADs. Other identified offshore customers for the Mirage 2000 5 comprise Qatar Mirage 2000 5EDA and 5DDA aircraft and Taiwan Mirage 2000 5Ei and 5Di aircraft . Specification Frequency 8 to 12 GHz Range 160 km Band I J Category Aircraft radars ... more details
The RDM Radar Doppler Multifunction is an Airborne RADAR systems developed by the French primarily as a stopgap radar for the Mirage 2000 French Fighter aircraft fighter , also known as the Cyrano 5 , an evolution of the Cyrano 4 used on the older Mirage F 1 The RDM monopulse Doppler I J band radar is in service installed in French Dassault Mirage 2000 multirole fighter aircraft. While the technology referred to as the RDI was designed for interception and air combat, the coherent, multimode, all digital, frequency agile RDM is intended largely for the multirole export version. It operates in air defence air superiority, strike and air to sea modes.In the air to air role, the system can look up or down, range while searching, track while scan, provide continuous tracking, generate aiming signals for air combat and compute attack and firing envelopes. For the strike role it provides real beam ground mapping, navigation updating, contour mapping, terrain avoidance, blind let down, air to ground ranging and Ground Moving Target Indication GMTI . Type Airborne Fire Control Radar FCR . The complete article appears in the following publication ref Publication Title Jane s Avionics Publication date Oct 01, 2010 Section Airborne radar systems ref In the maritime role it provides long range search, track while scan and continuous tracking and can designate targets for active missiles.For air to air combat, the RDM provides a 120 cone of coverage, the antenna scanning at either 50 or 100 s, with 60, 30 or 15 scan. A 5 m2 radar cross section target can be detected at up to 111 km range. For air to air gun attacks, the 3.5 beam can be locked to the target at up to 19 km range, with automatic tracking within the head up display field of view, or in a super search area, or in a vertical ... at up to 46 km range.Options include a Continuous Wave Illuminator CWI and Doppler Beam Sharpening ... Doppler Effect References Reflist Category Aviation Category Measurement device Category RADAR SONAR ... more details
Other uses Computer software or just software , is a collection of computer program s and related data that provides the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it. Software refers ... words, software is a set of programs, procedures, algorithms and its documentation concerned with the operation of a data processing system. Program software performs the Function engineering function ... science instructions to the computer hardware or by serving as input to another piece of software ... devices . In contrast to hardware, software cannot be touched . ref cite web title Wordreference.com ... software accessdate 2007 08 19 ref Software is also sometimes used in a more narrow sense, meaning application software only. Sometimes the term includes data that has not traditionally been associated with computers, such as film, tapes, and records. ref cite web title software.. n.d. . work Dictionary.com Unabridged v 1.1 accessdate 2007 04 13 url http dictionary.reference.com browse software ref Computer software is so called to distinguish it from computer hardware , which encompasses the physical interconnections and devices required to store and execute or run the software. At the lowest ... language object code. Software may also be written in an assembly language , essentially, a mnemonic ... of computing hardware rewrite section date January 2012 The first theory about software was proposed ... location London isbn 1 86207 663 4 ref The term software was first used in print by John W. Tukey in 1958. ref name NYTobit cite news title John Tukey, 85, Statistician Coined the Word Software publisher ... used to mean application software. In computer science and software engineering , software is all ... studying software are computer science and software engineering . replaced the following citation with the reusable ... title John Tukey, 85, Statistician Coined the Word Software publisher New York Times date July 28, 2000 first David last Leonhardt ref The history of computer software is most often ... more details
The Indian Doppler Radar INDRA series of 2D radars were developed by India India s DRDO for the Indian Army Army and Indian Air Force Air Force . The INDRA I is a mobile surveillance radar for low level target detection while the INDRA II is for ground controlled interception of targets. INDRA I INDRA I is a 2D mobile surveillance radar for low level target detection. The radar is housed in two wheeled vehicles. Some of the main features are automated Track While Scan TWS , integrated IFF and high scan rate for high speed target detection. The radar is produced by Bharat Electronics Limited and inducted into service. The INDRA I was a landmark project for the DRDO, as it was the first large radar system designed by the organization and produced in number for the defence forces. The Indian Air Force operates thirty INDRA I s whereas the Indian Army also has several. INDRA II It is a variant of INDRA radar for ground controlled interception of targets. The radar uses pulse compression for detection of low flying aircraft in heavy ground clutter with high range resolution and ECCM capabilities. The radar has been produced by Bharat Electronics Limited and is used by Indian Air Force and Army. Seven INDRA IIs have been ordered by the Indian Air Force. Features Fully coherent system Frequency agility Pulse compression Advanced signal processing using MTD and CFAR Techniques Track while scan for 2 D tracking Full tracking capabilities for manoeuvering targets Multicolour PPI Raster Scan Display, presenting both MTI and Synthetic Video Integral IFF Ease of transportation and fast deployment Current status Indian Doppler Radars are in production at BEL Bharat Electronics Limited and are being used by the Indian Armed Forces . A few systems have been exported to Sri Lanka and have been used to detect planes of the LTTE s Air Tigers air wing . ref http sundaytimes.lk 080914 Columns sitreport.html ref Current operators IND Indian Air Force Indian Army SRI Sri Lanka Air Force Sri ... more details
Laser Doppler Imaging LDI is used to measure superficial blood flow in the skin. A laser Doppler perfusion imager functions by projecting an infrared laser beam over the skin. When light interacts with moving blood cells a small portion of it is shifted, detected, and converted into an electrical signal. ref Wardell, K., Jakobsson, A., & Nilsson, G. Laser Doppler perfusion imaging by dynamic light scattering IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 40, 309 316 , 1993 ref LDI provides a direct measure of female sexual response that does not require genital contact signals are gathered at a depth of two to three millimetres below the skin s surface. ref name Waxman Waxman, S. E., & Pukall, C. F. Laser Doppler imaging of genital blood flow A direct measure of female sexual arousal , The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 6 8 , 2278 2285 , 2009 ref Two studies have suggested that LDI is a construct validity valid measure of female sexual arousal. ref name Waxman ref Stykes, S. J., MacLean, W. M. N., Sultana, S. R. Laser Doppler perfusion imaging A method for measuring female sexual response , BJOG International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 113 5 , 599 601 , 2006 ref Waxman and Pukall ref name Waxman showed that LDI has discriminant validity that is, it can differentiate sexual response from neutral, positive, and negative mood induced states. Compared to vaginal photoplethysmograph y VPG , LDI is advantageous because it does not require genital manipulation or contact. Also, LDI provides a direct measure of vasocongestion and has an absolute unit of measurement, consisting of flux or units of blood flow. The disadvantages of LDI are that it cannot provide a continuous measure of sexual response and the laser Doppler perfusion imager is much more costly that other methods of genital sexual arousal assessment, such as VPG ref name Waxman References Reflist Category Female genital procedures ... more details
of CSLDV. History Sriram et al. ref P. Sriram, J. I. Craig, and S. Hanagud, Scanning laser Doppler ... and Di Maio ref A. B. Stanbridge and D. J. Ewins, Modal testing using a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer ..., Continuous scanning laser Doppler vibrometry and speckle noise occurrence, Mechanical Systems and Signal ... more details
Optimization software can refer to software for Category Computer system optimization software The optimization of computer systems Category Mathematical optimization software Mathematical optimization disambig Category Application software ... more details
Quicksilver Software may refer to Quicksilver Software , Inc. Irvine, CA based developer of computer and video games and other software Quicksilver software Utility software program for Mac OS X Disambig ... more details
unreferenced date December 2011 In the software industry , bundled software is software distributed with another product such as a piece of computer hardware or other electronic device, or a group of software packages which are sold together. A software suite is an example of bundled software, as is software which is pre installed software pre installed on a new computer. See also Application bundle Product bundling History of IBM 1969 Antitrust, the Unbundling of software and services History of IBM 1969 Antitrust, the Unbundling of software and services software stub Category Software industry ... more details
Software audit can mean a software licensing audit , where a user of software is audited for licence compliance software quality assurance , where a piece of software is audited for quality a software audit review , where a group of people external to a software development organisation examines a software product a physical configuration audit a functional configuration audit For a summary of software audits as defined in IEEE Std. 1028 1997, IEEE Standard on Software Reviews , see software audit review disambig ... more details
Software is instructions for computers wiktionary Software networked softography softwareSoftware may refer to IEEE Software , a magazine Software development cooperation , used in development cooperation jargon to indicate the human aspect in technology transfer Software music Software music , a music project founded by Peter Mergener and Michael Weisser in 1984, producing albums until 2000 Software novel Software novel , part of the Ware Tetralogy, a 1982 cyber punk novel by Rudy Rucker Software, Etc. disambig cs Software rozcestn k de Software Begriffskl rung pt Software desambigua o ro Software dezambiguizare ru Software ... more details
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