Context date October 2009 The Muscular lacuna Latin lacuna musculorum is the lateral compartment beneath the inguinal ligament , for the passage of the iliopsoas muscle and femoral nerve it is separated by the iliopectineal arch from the vascular lacuna . Category Muscular system anatomy stub Muscles of abdomen b ... more details
File Dexter Jackson IFBB 2008 Australia 3.jpg thumb A most muscular pose. The Most Muscular is a common bodybuilding pose, often used to highlight as much of a contestant s muscle repertoire as possible by demonstrating the maximum mass of muscle to the judging panel. All front facing muscles should be showcased since the contestant forces their hands together at the same time as contracting the pectoralis major muscle pectorals , obliques, deltoid muscle anterior deltoids , biceps , forearm s and abdominals . The quadriceps muscle quadriceps and calf muscle calves should also be flexed if at all possible. External links wiktionary most muscular http www.bodybuilding.com fun bbinfo.php?page PosingandFlexing Bodybuilding.com Posing and Flexing Category Bodybuilding ... more details
This article was auto generated by User Polbot . Taxobox name Muscular Salamander image status NT status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Amphibia ordo Caudata familia Plethodontidae genus Pseudoeurycea species P. papenfussi binomial Pseudoeurycea papenfussi binomial authority https www.esm.harvard.edu faculty hanken public html documents Parra Olea 20et 20al 202005 20Copeia.pdf Parra Olea, Garc a Par s, Hanken & Wake, 2005 synonyms The Muscular Salamander or Salamandra Escaladora Pseudoeurycea papenfussi is a species of salamander in the Plethodontidae family. It is Endemism endemic to Mexico . Its natural habitat s are subtropical or tropical dry forest s and rocky areas. It is threatened by habitat loss . Source Hanken, J. & Wake, D. 2006. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 61910 all Pseudoeurycea papenfussi . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 23 July 2007. Category Fauna of Mexico Category Pseudoeurycea Plethodontidae stub es Pseudoeurycea papenfussi fr Pseudoeurycea papenfussi pt Pseudoeurycea papenfussi vi Muscular Salamander ... more details
Corneal dystrophy is a group of disorders, characterised by a noninflammatory, inherited, bilateral opacity of the transparent front part of the eye called the cornea . The distrophies could be subdivided based on specie affected Corneal dystrophies in human Corneal dystrophies in dogs Corneal dystrophies in cats Image Corneal dystrophy 2.JPG thumb Corneal dystrophy in a dog Signs and symptoms Corneal dystrophy may not significantly affect vision in the early stages. However, it does require proper evaluation and treatment for restoration of optimal vision. It can, however, rarely cause Corneal ulcers in animals corneal ulcer ation, especially with epithelial dystrophy. It appears as grayish white lines, circles, or clouding of the cornea . Corneal dystrophy can also have a crystalline appearance. Pathophysiology A corneal dystrophy can be caused by an accumulation of extraneous material in the cornea it can be in the form of lipid s or cholesterol crystals. Classification Corneal dystrophies are commonly subdivided depending on its specific location within the cornea. It can be basically divided into anterior , stromal , or posterior according to the layer of the cornea affected by the dystrophy. http www.eyeworld.org article.php?sid 3199 http www.bchealthguide.org kbase nord nord455.htm Treatment Suboptimal vision caused by corneal dystrophy usually requires surgical intervention in the form of corneal transplantation . Penetrating keratoplasty is commonly performed for extensive corneal dystrophy. Prognosis Early stages may be asymptomatic and may not require any intervention ... in the donor graft is not ruled out. Corneal endothelial dystrophy Corneal endothelial dystrophy is an age ... . See also Recurrent corneal erosion Keratoconus Keratoglobus Macular corneal dystrophy Reis Bucklers corneal dystrophy Corneal endothelial dystrophy is an age related change that affects the inner ... DEFAULTSORT Corneal Dystrophy Category Disorders of sclera and cornea fr Dystrophie corn enne it Distrofia ... more details
File Muscular Christianity Gruger.jpg thumb right Illustration by Frederick R. Gruger F. R. Gruger for the novel ... no pride . Muscular Christianity is a Christian commitment to piety and physical health, basing ... muscular christianity evangelism&hl en&sa X&ei FwVuT7rqG Tr0gHG6 2zBg&ved 0CHEQ6AEwCA v onepage&q muscular ... that has become the keystone of muscular Christianity. ref ref cite books author David P. Setran ... books?id pHs0QJXYBNEC&pg PA134&dq muscular christianity evangelism&hl en&sa X&ei jwNuT WYHYfV0QHiqPW1Bg&ved 0CHoQ6AEwCQ v onepage&q muscular 20christianity 20evangelism&f false publisher Palgrave Macmillan quote While the shift to a character oriented evangelism clearly represented muscular ... Encyclop dia url http books.google.com books?id jWj5OBvTh1IC&pg PA557&dq muscular christianity&hl en&sa X&ei Y htT zGFKXg0QGChZX Bg&ved 0CDsQ6AEwAjgU v onepage&q muscular 20christianity&f false publisher ABC CLIO quote Muscular Christianity can be defined as a Christian commitment to health ... Christian ideals in personal life and Christianity and politics politics . Muscular Christianity ... Perspective url http books.google.com books?id O6j6joobFCIC&pg PA365&dq Muscular Christianity Athletes in Action v onepage&q Muscular 20Christianity 20Athletes 20in 20Action&f false quote Muscular ... s Dangerous Idea url http books.google.com books?id KQzhEclsl94C&pg PT380&dq Muscular Christianity Athletes in Action v onepage&q Muscular 20Christianity 20Athletes 20in 20Action&f false quote Nor is sport a purely Protestant concern Catholicism can equally well be said to promote muscular Christianity ...&dq muscular christianity protestantism catholicism v onepage&q&f false quote As neo orthodoxy arose in the mainline Protestant churches, Muscular Christianity declined there. It did not, however, disappear ... Muscular Christianity in the athletic programs of schools such as Notre Dame, as do evangelical Protestant ... 4.8. A mural in a YMCA emphasizing godliness and physical health . Muscular Christianity can ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Muscular layer Latin tunica muscularis GraySubject GrayPage Image Ens.png Caption LAYERS Muscular layer includes the 2nd through 4th layers BR Serous membrane serosa BR Muscular coat longitudinal muscle BR Auerbach s plexus myenteric plexus BR Muscular coat circular muscle BR Submucous plexus submucosal plexus BR submucosa l BR Mucous membrane mucosal Image2 Gray1134.png Caption2 Transverse section of ureter . System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre t 22 DorlandsSuf 12832129 The muscular coat muscular layer , muscular fibers , muscularis propria , muscularis externa is a region of muscle in many organs in the vertebrate body, adjacent to the submucosa membrane. It is responsible for gut movement such as peristalsis . It usually has two distinct layers of smooth muscle inner and circular outer and longitudinal However, there are some exceptions to this pattern. In the stomach and colon, there are three layers to the muscularis externa. In the upper esophagus , part of the externa is skeletal muscle , rather than smooth muscle. The inner layer of the muscularis externa forms a sphincter at two locations of the alimentary canal in the pyloric stomach , it forms the pyloric sphincter in the anal canal , it forms the anal sphincter Additional images gallery Image Illu ureters wall.jpg Wall of the ureter. Image Illu stomach layers.jpg Layers of stomach wall. Image Gray1033.png Section of the human esophagus . Moderately magnified. Image Gray1058.png Section of duodenum of cat. X 60. Image Gray1141.png Vertical section of bladder wall. gallery External links eMedicineDictionary muscular layer http science.nhmccd.edu BioL urinary bladder2.htm Histology at nhmccd.edu BiowebUW APLab Table of Contents Lab 12 Colon 1 Colon 1e colon 1e.html Muscularis externa of the colon BiowebUW zoolab Table of Contents Lab 1b Cross section of the small int Smooth muscle layers smooth muscle layers.htm Smooth muscle layers of the gut OklahomaHistology 52 05 Duodenum UCDavisOrganology ... more details
Infobox Magazine title Muscular Development Deleted image removed Image MDlogo.JPG deletable image caption 1 Saturday, 3 November 2007 image size 200px image caption Muscular Development logo. editor flagicon USA David Zinczenko editor title John Romano frequency 12 times a year circulation category bodybuilding company publisher firstdate 1964 country United Kingdom , United States language English language English website http www.musculardevelopment.com Official Website issn Deleted image removed Image Victor Martinez.jpeg thumb right Victor Martinez on the cover of Muscular Development magazine Muscular Development is an USA American fitness and bodybuilding magazine first published in 1964. It was founded by Bob Hoffman History Bob Hoffman athlete, nutritionist, weightlifter, coach and philanthropist was born on a farm in Tifton, Georgia on Nov 9th 1898. His family stock was good. Bob was never the seven stone weakling claimed by other physical culturists. His father was a large strong man who liked to demonstrate the hardness of his tensed muscles. Given this it his easy to see how Bob was influenced in his formative years. When Bob was 5 years old the family moved to Wilkinsburg near Pittsburgh where his athletic career started from a very young age. He was an exceptional athlete especially in aquatic sports his favorite being canoeing. The First World War saw Bob as a hero. He gained 3 Croix de Guerres with two palms and a Silver Star from France. From Belgium he was awarded ... Muscular Development Romanian website , muscular.ro, accessed January 17, 2007. ref MD , as it s known to many of its readers, was previously owned by Twinlab . In 2001 Twinlab sold Muscular Development ... musdev musdev.htm Muscular Development , getbig.com, accessed January 17, 2007. ref Muscular Development ... Two covers featuring Max Rep image1 caption1 Max Rep & Sandy Riddell Jan. 1991 image2 Muscular Development 1993 November Vol 30, Num 11.jpg caption2 Max Rep & Quadra Blu Nov. 1993 Muscular Development ... more details
Image que lengua.jpg thumb right The tongue is a muscular hydrostat A muscular hydrostat is a biological ... movement without fluid in a separate compartment, as in a hydrostatic skeleton . A muscular hydrostat ... filled cavity, a muscular hydrostat is composed mainly of muscle tissue. Since muscle tissue itself is mainly made of water and is also effectively incompressible, similar principles apply. Muscular ... Muscles provide the force to move a muscular hydrostat. Since muscles are only able to produce ... in a muscular hydrostat are oriented in three different directions parallel to the long axis, perpendicular ... the central core of musculature. Mechanism of operation In a muscular hydrostat, the musculature ... important biomechanical feature of a muscular hydrostat is its constant volume. Muscle is composed .... In a muscular hydrostat or any other structure of constant volume, a decrease in one dimension will cause ..., bending and torsion in muscular hydrostats all depend on constancy of volume to effect ... in chameleons II. Role of shape change in a muscular hydrostat . The Journal of Experimental Biology ... musculature arrangements. Given the constant volume of muscular hydrostats, these contractions cause ... in the African pig nosed frog Hemisus marmoratum a muscular hydrostatic model http jeb.biologists.org ... Squids have been shown to use muscular hydrostat elongation in prey capture and feeding as well. ref name Kier1982 Bending The bending of a muscular hydrostat can occur in two ways, both of which require ... muscle will produce little or no bending and will serve to increase the diameter of the muscular ... of transverse, radial, or circular muscles to maintain a constant diameter. Bending of a muscular ... on one side of the structure. The bending of a muscular hydrostat is particularly important in animal ...1989 Stiffening The stiffening of a muscular hydrostat is accomplished by the muscle or connective ... been proposed to be a muscular hydrostat in which stiffening provides an important function. ref ... more details
Muscular defense is a medical reflex reflex of the abdominal muscles to contract upon mechanical force to the abdomen , and serves as protection. It is a visceromotor reflex , since the parietal peritoneum and viscera are involved in generating the reflex. ref A. V. Livshits. http www.springerlink.com content j30v03187pw54801 The receptor field of reflex contraction of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall in man . Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine . Volume 57, Number 4 April, 1964 ref References reflist Category Abdomen medicine stub de Abwehrspannung ... more details
Infobox disease Name Cone dystrophy Image Fundus of a patient with cone rod dystrophy.png Alt Caption Fundus of a 34 year old patient with cone rod dystrophy due to Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7 SCA7 . Note that the macular area, and also the mid periphery, are atrophic. DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 300085 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID A cone dystrophy is an heredity inherited list of eye diseases and disorders ocular disorder characterized by the loss of cone cells , the photoreceptor cell photoreceptors responsible for both central and color vision . The most common symptoms of cone dystrophy are vision loss age of onset ranging from the late teens to the sixties , sensitivity to bright lights, and poor color vision. Therefore, patients see better at dusk. Visual acuity usually deteriorates gradually, but it can deteriorate rapidly to 20 200 later, in more severe cases ... many errors on both red green and blue yellow plates. The pathogenesis of cone dystrophy has yet to be elucidated. It appears that the dystrophy is primary, since subjective and objective abnormalities ... pigment epithelium RPE rapidly becomes involved, leading to a retinal dystrophy primarily involving ... normal early on in cone dystrophy, and definite macular changes usually occur well after visual loss. Fluorescein angiography FA is a useful adjunct in the workup of someone suspected to have cone dystrophy ... form of cone dystrophy there is rather diffuse atrophy of the posterior pole with spotty pigment ..., visual field testing in cone dystrophy usually reveals a central scotoma . In cases with the typical ... photopic ERG . The relative sparing of rod function in cone dystrophy is evidenced by a normal scotopic ERG, i.e. when the test is carried out in the dark. In more severe or longer standing cases, the dystrophy ... dystrophy is hereditary and can be asymptomatic early on in the disease process, ERG is an invaluable tool in the early diagnosis of patients with positive family histories. Cone dystrophy in general ... more details
Original research date February 2011 Muscular liberalism is a form of liberalism advocated by United Kingdom British Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Prime Minister David Cameron that describes his policy towards state multiculturalism . ref cite news title State multiculturalism has failed, says David Cameron author url http www.bbc.co.uk news uk politics 12371994 newspaper BBC News date 5 February 2011 accessdate 11 February 2011 ref Cameron coined the term in a speech in Munich on 5 February 2011. According to David Cameron , Under the doctrine of state multiculturalism, we have encouraged different cultures to live separate lives, apart from each other and apart from the mainstream. We ve failed to provide a vision of society to which they feel they want to belong. ref cite news title Muslims must embrace our British values, David Cameron says author url http www.telegraph.co.uk news newstopics politics david cameron 8305346 Muslims must embrace our British values David Cameron says.html newspaper Daily Telegraph date 5 February 2011 accessdate 11 February 2011 ref Critics and speculators believe Who date March 2012 muscular liberalism will be the new ism which United Kingdom Britain will follow to tackle growing religious terrorism and extremism, subsequently adapted by all Europe European countries including Commonwealth Nations . ref cite news title Cameron signs up to muscular liberalism first Peter last Hoskin url http www.spectator.co.uk coffeehouse 6674168 cameron signs up to muscular liberalism.thtml newspaper The Spectator date 5 February 2011 accessdate 11 February 2011 ref Principles The theory is that multiculturalism has shifted from tolerating multiple cultures to tolerating multiple value systems, which can be hostile to liberalism. ref cite news title Muscle v multiculturalism author url http www.economist.com node 18112127 newspaper The Economist ... and whip against growing extremist activists through Muscular Liberalism. Muscular Ban preachers of hate ... more details
pp protected small yes Cleanup weighted date December 2011 Infobox Anatomy Name Muscular system Latin systema musculare GraySubject GrayPage Image Muscles anterior labeled.png Caption Muscles anterior labeled Image2 Muscle posterior labeled.png Caption2 Muscle posterior labeled Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber The muscular system is an organ anatomy organ system consisting of skeletal muscle skeletal , smooth muscle smooth and cardiac muscle cardiac muscle s. It permits movement of the body, maintains posture, and circulates blood throughout the body. The muscular system in vertebrate s is controlled through the nervous system , although some muscles such as the cardiac muscle can be completely autonomous. Muscles Main Muscle There are three distinct types of muscles skeletal muscles, cardiac or heart muscles, and smooth non striated muscles. Muscles provide strength, balance, posture, movement and heat for the body to keep warm. Upon stimulation by an action potential , skeletal muscles perform a coordinated contraction by shortening each sarcomere. The best proposed model for understanding contraction is the sliding filament model of muscle contraction. Actin and myosin fibers overlap in a contractile motion towards each other. Myosin filaments have club shaped heads that project toward the actin filaments. Larger structures along the myosin filament called Myosin myosin heads are used to provide attachment points on binding sites for the actin filaments ... of the cerebellum of the brain. This allows for complex muscular coordination with little conscious ... of ATP in muscle System and organs muscular system Category Muscular system als Muskulatur ar ... muscular cs Pohybov soustava cy System gyhyrol de Muskulatur dv el es Sistema muscular eu Gihar sistema fr Syst me musculaire gl Sistema muscular hi id Sistem ... no Muskelsystem pl Uk ad mi niowy pt Sistema muscular ro Sistemul muscular ru ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Fuchs& 39 dystrophy Image Fuchs dystrophy 1.JPG Caption Fuchs corneal dystrophy. Light microscopic appearance of the cornea showing numerous excrescences guttae on the posterior surface of Descemet s membrane and the presence of cyst s in the corneal epithelium beneath ectopically placed intraepithelial basement membrane . Periodic acid Schiff stain . From a review by Klintworth, 2009. ref name pmid19236704 cite journal author Klintworth GK title Corneal dystrophies journal Orphanet J Rare Dis volume 4 issue pages 7 year 2009 pmid 19236704 pmc 2695576 doi 10.1186 1750 1172 4 7 url http www.ojrd.com content 4 7 ref DiseasesDB 31163 ICD10 ICD10 H 18 5 h 15 ICD9 ICD9 371.57 ICDO OMIM 136800 OMIM mult OMIM2 610158 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj article eMedicineTopic 1193591 MeshID D005642 Fuchs dystrophy , also known as Fuchs endothelial dystrophy , is a slowly progressing cornea l disease that usually affects both human eye eye s and is slightly more common in women than in men. Although doctors can often see early signs of Fuchs Corneal dystrophy human dystrophy in people in their 30s and 40s, the disease rarely affects vision until people reach their 50s and 60s. The condition was first described by Austria n Ernst Fuchs doctor Ernst Fuchs 1851 1930 , after whom it is named. Etiology Fuchs endothelial dystrophy FED is a degenerative disease of the corneal endothelium ... types of ocular surgery. Hence, patients with a history of Fuchs dystrophy may be at a greater ... mutation defines a distinct early onset subtype of fuchs corneal dystrophy journal Invest. Ophthalmol ... OMIM2 189909 ZEB1 10p11.2 Signs and symptoms At first, a person with Fuchs Corneal dystrophy human dystrophy will awaken with blurred vision that will gradually clear during the day. This occurs ... Fuchsfriends UK http www.cornealdystrophyfoundation.org The Corneal Dystrophy Foundation Human corneal dystrophy Eye pathology Scleroprotein disease Solute carrier disorders Transcription factor coregulator ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB 29318 ICD10 ICD10 E 23 6 e 20 ICD9 ICD9 253.8 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Adiposogenital dystrophy is a condition which may be caused by secondary hypogonadism originating from decreased levels in GnRH. Low levels of GnRH has been associated with defects of the feeding centers of the hypothalamus, leading to an increase consumption of food and thus caloric intake. Presentation It is characterized by Feminine obesity Growth retardation and retarded sexual development , atrophy or hypoplasia of the gonads , and altered secondary sex characteristics , headaches Problems with Visual perception vision polyuria , polydipsia . It is usually associated with tumor tumours of the hypothalamus , causing increased appetite and depressed secretion of gonadotropin . It seems to affect males mostly. Many overweight children may appear to have the disorder because of the concurrence of obesity and retarded sexual development these children have no endocrine disturbances, however, and they mature normally after delayed puberty . Synonyms It has several other names ref http www.rarediseases.org search rdbdetail abstract.html?disname Froelich 27s 20Syndrome National Organisation for Rare Disorders Froelich s syndrome ref Babinski Fr hlich syndrome ref WhoNamedIt synd 1792 Babinski Fr chlich syndrome ref named after Joseph Babinski ref J. F. Babinski. Tumeur du corps pituitaire sans acrom galie et avec arr t de d veloppement des organes g nitaux. Revue neurologique, Paris, 1900, 8 531 535. ref and Alfred Fr hlich , ref A. Fr hlich. Ein Fall von Tumor der Hypophysis cerebri ohne Akromegalie. Wiener klinische Rundschau, 1901, 15 833 836 906 908. ref but probably first described by Giovanni Battista Morgagni Morgagni . Fact date November 2007 It was given its name by Harvey Cushing . ref name pmid17969845 cite journal author Z rate A, Saucedo R title The adiposogenital distrophy or Frohlich syndrome and t ... more details
Advert date August 2010 The Myotonic Dystrophy Foundation MDF is a non profit, 501 c 3 organization founded by families living with myotonic dystrophy DM . Through education, advocacy and research, MDF is committed to establishing a voice and a face for this disorder. The MDF work in tandem with medical and scientific leaders to mobilize resources in order to develop treatments and ultimately a cure for this disease. The MDF evolved during the http www.idmc 5.com International Myotonic Dystrophy Consortium IDMC 5 held in Quebec, Canada in October 2005 when a group of American family members was convened over dinner to discuss the creation of a national advocacy organization for people living with myotonic dystrophy. Based in the San Francisco Bay Area, the MDF has formed strategic alliances with several independent organizations to raise funds for DM research, including the http www.runamerica.org Run America Foundation of Portland, Oregon The Hunter Research Fund of Atlanta, Georgia and the http www.stonecircleoffriends.com Stone Family Circle of Friends of Richmond, Virginia. The MDF complements the existing efforts of the MuscularDystrophy Association MDA , the National Institutes of Health NIH , the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC , and other governmental and philanthropic agencies. External links http www.myotonic.org Myotonic Dystrophy Foundation Category Musculardystrophy organizations ... more details
muscular atrophy, progressive myopathy, progressive musculardystrophy , peripheral neuritis ... described 11 cases which he termed atrophie musculaire progressive . Contemporary neurologist Duchenne ... found an archaic term for the disease was once Aran Duchenne disease or Duchenne Aran disease . ref ... muscular atrophy Syndrome or disease? journal Neurology. volume 70 issue 9 pages 723 727 year ... have to be ruled out, such as multifocal motor neuropathy or spinal muscular atrophy . Tests ... findings in sporadic progressive muscular atrophy. journal J Neurol. volume 255 issue ... MND. Prognosis The importance of correctly recognizing progressive muscular atrophy as opposed ... dysfunction in progressive muscular atrophy journal Neurology volume 67 issue 9 pages 1718 ... muscular atrophy exists additional autopsy case with a clinical course of 19 years. journal Neuropathology ... SB, Shaw PJ. title Corticospinal tract degeneration in the progressive muscular atrophy variant of ALS ... spinal muscular atrophy . Throughout the course of the late 19th century, other conditions were ... Category Motor neurone disease P Category Unsolved problems in neuroscience es Atrofia muscular progresiva ... more details
Lattice corneal dystrophy may refer to Lattice corneal dystrophy type I Lattice corneal dystrophy type II, a clinical feature of Finnish type amyloidosis disambiguation ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Schnyder crystalline corneal dystrophy Image Schnyder corneal dystrophy 1.JPEG Caption Schnyder corneal dystrophy. Crystalline opacities are evident in the central cornea Courtesy Dr. G.N. Foulks DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 121800 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj article eMedicineTopic 1196212 MeshID Schnyder crystalline corneal dystrophy SCD is a rare form of corneal dystrophy human human corneal dystrophy . It is caused by heterozygous mutations in UBIAD1 gene ref Orr et al, PLoS One 2007 vol 2, e685 DOI 10.1371 journal.pone.0000685 PMID 17668063 ref ref Yellore et al, Molec Vision 2007 vol 13, 1777 1782 PMID 17960116 ref ref Weiss et al, IOVS 2007 vol 48, 5007 5012 DOI 10.1167 iovs.07 0845 PMID 17962451 ref . Cells in the cornea accumulate cholesterol and phosopholipid deposits leading to the opacity, in severe cases requiring corneal transplants. Abnormal cholesterol metabolism has been noted in other cell types of affected patients skin fibroblast s suggesting that this may be a systemic disorder with clinical manifestations limited to the cornea . Alternative names Crystalline stromal dystrophy Schnyder crystalline dystrophy sine crystals Hereditary crystalline stromal dystrophy of Schnyder Schnyder s crystalline corneal dystrophy Notes Reflist Human corneal dystrophy Category Diseases of the eye and adnexa ru ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Posterior amorphous corneal dystrophy Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 612868 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Posterior amorphous corneal dystrophy PACD, posterior amorphous stromal dystrophy is a rare form of corneal dystrophy human human corneal dystophy . It is not yet linked to any chromosomal locus. The first case report describing this dystrophy dates back to 1977. ref name pmid301356 cite journal author Carpel EF, Sigelman RJ, Doughman DJ title Posterior amorphous corneal dystrophy journal Am. J. Ophthalmol. volume 83 issue 5 pages 629 32 year 1977 month May pmid 301356 doi url ref References reflist 2 Human corneal dystrophy Category Diseases of the eye and adnexa ru ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Reis Bucklers corneal dystrophy Image Reis B cklers corneal dystrophy. Reticular opacity in the superficial cornea.JPEG Caption Reis B cklers corneal dystrophy. Reticular opacity in the superficial cornea DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 608470 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Reis Bucklers corneal dystrophy or Reis B cklers corneal dystrophy , also known as Corneal dystrophy of Bowman layer, type I , is a rare form of Corneal dystrophies in human human corneal dystrophy in which the Bowman s membrane Bowman s layer undergoes disintegration. The disease has been associated with mutations in TGFBI gene. Symmetrical reticular opacities, usually appearing bilaterally in the upper cornea by the age of 4 or 5 years, elevate the corneal epithelium , leading eventually to its erosions that prompt attacks of ocular hyperemia , pain, and photophobia . The dystrophy was described in 1917 by Reis ref name disc1 Reis W F miliare, fleckige Hornhautetartung. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1917, 43 575. ref and in 1949 by Bucklers. ref name disc2 B cklers M ber eine weitere familiare Hornhautdystrophie Reis . Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 1949, 114 386 397. ref File Mutated transforming growth factor beta induced protein in the superficial corneal stroma.jpg thumb left Reis B cklers corneal dystrophy. Light microscopy of cornea showing characteristic red stained deposits of mutated TGFBI transforming growth factor beta induced protein in the superficial corneal stroma . Masson s trichrome stain . See also Corneal dystrophy of Bowman layer, type II References reflist 2 External links http dro.hs.columbia.edu reisbucklers.htm Reis Bucklers dystrophy at Digital Reference of Ophthalmology. Human corneal dystrophy DEFAULTSORT Reis Bucklers Corneal Dystrophy Category Disorders of sclera and cornea eye stub ru I ... more details
Spinal muscular atrophy is a name of a medical condition and most commonly refers to Spinal muscular atrophy SMA an autosomal recessive disorder affecting primarily proximal muscles, caused by a genetic abnormality in the SMN1 gene it includes conditions known as Werdnig Hoffman disease and Kugelberg Welander disease . Sometimes, spinal muscular atrophy is used to mean any of the following medical conditions Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 SMARD1 , also known as distal spinal muscular atrophy type 1 DSMA1 a serious autosomal recessive disorder affecting primarily distal muscles, caused by a genetic defect in the chromosome 11 11q13.3 area. Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy SBMA , also known as X linked spinal muscular atrophy type 1 SMAX1 and Kennedy s disease KD a rare X linked recessive disorder caused by a genetic defect in the chromosome X Xq11 q12 area. X linked spinal muscular atrophy type 2 SMAX2, XLSMA a rare genetic disorder affecting newborn boys. Autosomal dominant proximal spinal muscular atrophy ADSMA a very rare disorder affecting proximal muscles, caused by unknown genetic defects. Spinal muscular atrophy with pontocerebellar hypoplasia SMA PCH , also known as pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1 PCH1 a very rare infantile disorder probably caused by a genetic defect in the VRK1 gene. Less correctly, the term spinal muscular atrophy might also be used for Distal hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy DHMN , especially of types I II Charcot Marie Tooth disease , CMD and V HSMN5 a group of rare hereditary neuropathy neuropathies affecting primarily distal muscles. See also Spinal muscular atrophies Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy disambig ... more details
Congenital endothelial dystrophy may refer to Congenital endothelial dystrophy type 1 Congenital endothelial dystrophy type 2 disambiguation Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it from being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Long comment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
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