Gratification disorder also known as infantile masturbation , despite occurring in children as old as 10, or sometimes benign idiopathic infantile dyskinesia is a form of masturbation masturbatory behavior that has often been mistaken for epilepsy , abdominal pain, and Paroxysmal attacks paroxysmal dystonia or dyskinesia. ref cite journal author Nechay A, Ross LM, Stephenson JB, O Regan M title Gratification disorder infantile masturbation a review journal Arch. Dis. Child. volume 89 issue 3 pages 225 6 year 2004 month March pmid 14977696 pmc 1719833 url http adc.bmjjournals.com cgi content full 89 3 225 doi 10.1136 adc.2003.032102 ref Little research has been published regarding this Child early childhood condition. However, most Pediatrics pediatricians agree that masturbation is a normal and common behaviour in young children and should be recognized as such. ref cite journal author Mink JW, Neil JJ title Masturbation mimicking paroxysmal dystonia or dyskinesia in a young girl journal Mov. Disord. Thus, the use of the word disorder is somewhat inappropriate, as an inability to experience sexual gratification would constitute sexual aversion disorder . volume 10 issue 4 pages 518 20 year 1995 month July pmid 7565838 doi 10.1002 mds.870100421 ref Failure to recognize this behavior can lead to unnecessary and invasive testing. Miscellaneous The disorder was featured in the episode, Euphoria, Part 2, of the TV series medical drama, House TV series House , in which the main protagonist, Dr. Gregory House Dr. House, M.D. , diagnoses the symptoms in a fidgety preschool girl. References reflist Medicine stub Category Human sexuality Category Pediatrics Category Sexology si ... more details
Pol. 1990 Jul Aug 24 4 1 6. ref Symptoms The predominant symptom of Pisa syndrome is dystonia . Dystonia ... Syndrome usually experience either acute dystonia or tardive dystonia, also known as tardive dyskinesia ... history, since both types of dystonia may occur simultaneously in a patient. These symptoms generally .... ref name nish Acute dystonia Acute dystonia nearly always develops a few weeks after a dopamine blocking .... Schizophr Res. Sep 2006 86 1 3 323 5 ref Tardive dyskinesias are chronic compared to acute dystonia ... the woman began to exhibit symptoms of acute dystonia, typical of a patient with Pisa syndrome ... and gait disturbances symptoms is what set this apart from any other form of acute dystonia previously ... the patient demonstrated no symptoms of dystonia. However, within the first few days the patient .... See also Dystonia Opisthotonus Tardive dyskinesia References reflist Category Neuroscience ... more details
Status dystonicus is a serious and potentially life threatening disorder which occurs in people who have primary or secondary dystonia . Symptoms consist of widespread severe muscle contractions. Treatment can be difficult but status dystonicus may respond to midazolam , propofol , baclofen and wikt bilateral bilateral pallidal deep brain stimulation ref Cite journal last1 Mariotti first1 P. last2 Fasano first2 A. last3 Contarino first3 MF. last4 Della Marca first4 G. last5 Piastra first5 M. last6 Genovese first6 O. last7 Pulitan first7 S. last8 Chiaretti first8 A. last9 Bentivoglio first9 AR. title Management of status dystonicus our experience and review of the literature. journal Mov Disord volume 22 issue 7 pages 963 8 month May year 2007 doi 10.1002 mds.21471 PMID 17427939 ref References Reflist Category Extrapyramidal and movement disorders ... more details
Drugbox verifiedrevid 267631655 IUPAC name 1 cyclohexyl 1 phenyl 3 pyrrolidin 1 yl propan 1 ol hydrochloride image Procyclidine hydrochloride 2D skeletal.png Clinical data tradename Drugs.com drugs.com monograph procyclidine hydrochloride MedlinePlus a605037 pregnancy category legal status routes of administration oral, intramuscular im , intravenous iv Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound 100 albumin metabolism elimination half life 12 h excretion Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite CAS number 77 37 2 CAS supplemental br 77 37 2 free base CAS verified ATC prefix N04 ATC suffix AA04 PubChem 207841 DrugBank DB00387 ChemSpiderID 4750 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII C6QE1Q1TKR ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 1761 Chemical data C 19 H 30 Cl 1 N 1 O 1 molecular weight 323.9 g mol confuse Phencyclidine Procyclidine is an anticholinergic medication drug principally used for the treatment of Drug induced parkinsonism , akathisia and acute dystonia Parkinson disease and Idiopathic or secondary dystonia . Uses It is used in patients with parkinsonism and akathisia and to reduce the side effects of antipsychotic treatment given for schizophrenia . Procyclidine is also a second line drug for the treatment of Parkinson s disease . It improves tremor but not rigidity or bradykinesia . Procyclidine is also sometimes used for the treatment of dystonia but not tardive dyskinesia , a rare disorder that causes abnormal muscle contraction, resulting in twisting postures of limbs, trunk, or face. Overdose Signs of procyclidine overdose are those of an anticholinergic and include confusion, agitation and sleeplessness that can last up to or more than 24 hours. Pupils become dilated and unreactive to light. Tachycardia fast heart beat , as well as auditory and visual hallucinations have also been reported. Other known symptoms of overdose are clumsiness or unsteadiness, being severely drowsy, having a severely dry mouth, nose, or throat, having an altered mood or other men ... more details
10 to 20 years. Dystonia main dystoniaDystonia is hyperkinetic movement disorder that is characterized ... of dystonia such as metabolic, vascular, and structural abnormalities, there are still patients with dystonia with no apparent cause. Dystonia can occur as a hyperkinetic disorder or as a side effect ... dystonia and hemiballismus journal Ann. Neurol. volume 46 issue 1 pages 22 35 year 1999 month ... that dystonia was likely caused by extreme lack of function of the direct pathway between ... and motor cortex. . ref name Dystonia online cite journal author Janavs JL, Aminoff MJ title Dystonia and chorea in acquired systemic disorders journal J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. volume ... that the dysfunction in the cerebellum may play an equal part in dystonia. . ref name Dystonia Hess ... ganglia Cerebral palsy Dystonia Fahr s disease Foreign accent syndrome FAS Huntington s disease ... more details
Tourettism refers to the presence of Tourette like symptoms in the absence of Tourette syndrome , as the result of other diseases or conditions, known as secondary causes . Tourette syndrome TS is an inherited neurological condition of multiple motor and at least one vocal tic . Although Tourette syndrome is the most common cause of tic disorder s, ref Jankovic J, Mejia NI. Tics associated with other disorders. Adv Neurol. 2006 99 61 8. PMID 16536352 ref other sporadic, gene genetic , and neurodegenerative disease neurodegenerative disorders may also exhibit tics. ref name Mejia Mejia NI, Jankovic J. Secondary tics and tourettism. Rev Bras Psiquiatr . 2005 27 1 11 17. PMID 15867978 http web.archive.org web 20070628191850 http www.scielo.br pdf rbp v27n1 23707.pdf Full text PDF ref Tic mimickers NOTE EVERYTHING listed on this page is verifiable to the sources listed in references please do not make unsourced additions. Please provide a citation for any additions. Chorea disease Myoclonus Dystonia Torsion dystonia Idiopathic dystonia Genetic chromosomal NOTE EVERYTHING listed on this page is verifiable to the sources listed in references please do not make unsourced additions. Please provide a citation for any additions. Chromosomal abnormalities Citrullinemia Down syndrome Duchenne muscular dystrophy Fragile X syndrome Hallervorden Spatz syndrome Huntington s disease Klinefelter s syndrome Lesch Nyhan syndrome Neuroacanthocytosis Neurodegeneration Phenylketonuria Schizophrenia Tuberous sclerosis Wilson disease XYY syndrome Infectious or post infectious NOTE EVERYTHING listed on this page is verifiable to the sources listed in references please do not make unsourced additions. Please provide a citation for any additions. Encephalitis Mycoplasma pneumoniae Sydenham s chorea Developmental NOTE EVERYTHING listed on this page is verifiable to the sources listed in references please do not make unsourced additions. Please provide a citation for any additions. Pervasive dev ... more details
hemichorea and bilateral dystonia in a 62 year old Japanese woman with type 1 diabetes . Basic ... with chorea and dystonia . When combined with chorea, as in cerebral palsy , the term choreoathetosis ... name UMHS DystoniaDystonia is a movement disorder in which involuntarily sustained or intermittent .... ref name UMHS Blepharospasm is a type of dystonia characterized by involuntary contraction of the muscles ..., painful eye closure leading to functional blindness. ref name UMHS Oromandibular dystonia is a type of dystonia marked by forceful contractions of the lower face, which causes the mouth to open or close. Chewing motions and unusual tongue movements may also occur with this type of dystonia. ref name UMHS Laryngeal dystonia or spasmodic dysphonia results from abnormal contraction of muscles ... to their voice or, in some cases, a whispering or breathy quality. ref name UMHS Cervical dystonia ... and musician s cramp is a task specific dystonia, meaning that it only occurs when performing certain ... of neurological pathology on their own. ref name childhood Tardive dyskinesia tardive dystonia Tardive dyskinesia or tardive dystonia , both referred to as TD, refers to a wide variety of involuntary ... involuntary movements such as chorea , dystonia , or tics . ref name UMHS Tics A tic can be defined ... problems, and prominent hyperkinetic symptoms including tremor , dystonia, and gait difficulties ... include athetosis, chorea with or without hemiballismus, tremor, dystonia, and segmental or focal ... while dystonia tends to affect younger ones. Men and women have an equal chance of developing ... dystonia is usually inherited genetically. Secondary dystonia, however, is most commonly caused by dyskinetic ... 2011 ref Dystonia Treatment of primary dystonia is aimed at reducing symptoms such as involuntary ... primary dystonia with antidopaminergic or anticholinergic drugs although recommendations ... generalized and segmental dystonia, especially if dose starts out low and increases gradually. Generalized ... more details
Frank Wilson may refer to Frank E. Wilson 1857&ndash 1935 , U.S. Representative from New York Frank H. Wilson 1885&ndash 1956 , American actor Frank J. Wilson 1887&ndash 1970 , IRS agent who helped convict Al Capone Frank Wiley Wilson 1917&ndash 1982 , United States federal judge Frank Wilson Australian actor 1924&ndash 2005 , Australian actor Frank Wilson baseball 1901&ndash 1974 , Major League Baseball outfielder Frank Wilson neurologist , physician credited with the first successful treatment of focal dystonia Frank Wilson musician 1940&ndash , former songwriter and record producer for Motown Records Frank Wilson diplomat Frank Wilson politician 1859&ndash 1918 , former Premier of Western Australia Frank Wilson rugby , rugby union and rugby league footballer of the 1960s and 1970s J. Frank Wilson 1941&ndash 1991 , singer with J. Frank Wilson and the Cavaliers See also Francis Wilson disambiguation hndis Wilson, Frank DEFAULTSORT Wilson, Frank pt Frank Wilson ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Wanda Makuch Korulska 1919 2007 was a Polish medical doctor, specialist in neurology . Member of the Armia Krajowa Polish resistance during World War II received the Righteous Among the Nations in 1995. Scientific papers Dystonia in multiple sclerosis, 1992, Polish Somatosensory evoked potentials SSEP in patients with multiple sclerosis MS , 1989, Polish Decaris in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, 1984, Polish Influence of Tolseram on muscle tone, 1970, Polish Immunoelectrophoretic examinations of serum proteins in patients with multiple sclerosis, 1970, Polish External links http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?db pubmed&cmd Search&Term Makuch Korulska&itool QuerySuggestion Makuch Korulska at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Yad Vashem Remembrance Authority, http www1.yadvashem.org righteous new PDF 20Virtual Wall Of Honor POLAND.pdf Makuch Korulska, Wanda 1994 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Makuch Korulska, Wanda ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1919 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 2007 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Makuch Korulska, Wanda Category 1919 births Category 2007 deaths Category Polish physicians Category Polish Righteous Among the Nations Poland scientist stub Med bio stub de Wanda Makuch Korulska pl Wanda Makuch Korulska ... more details
disorders, such as dystonia , Tourette syndrome , and Huntington disease . ref cite journal title Increased sensorimotor network activity in DYT1 dystonia A functional imaging study journal Brain ... neurological disorders such as primary torsion dystonia and Huntington s disease. Awards and Honors ... accessdate 3 August 2011 ref Scientific Advisory Board Member Bachmann Strauss Dystonia and Parkinson ... Strauss Dystonia and Parkinson Foundation accessdate 3 August 2011 ref Scientific Director of The Thomas ... P, Dhawan V, Bressman S, Eidelberg D. Impaired sequence learning in dystonia mutation carriers a genotypic ... sensorimotor network activity in DYT1 dystonia A functional imaging study. Brain, 2010 133 Pt .... Cerebello thalamo cortical connectivity regulates penetrance in dystonia. J Neurosci, 2009 29 31 9740 ... related features of dystonia. Neurology, 2009 72 24 2097 103 Argyelan M, Carbon M, Ghilardi MF ... more details
Shirley Sargent July 12, 1927&ndash December 3, 2004 was a historian of the Yosemite area in the United States. Sargent was born in Pasadena, California . Her father was a surveyor who helped rebuild the Tioga Road in Yosemite National Park , starting in 1936. So she had the good fortune of spending her childhood as a self described tomboy in Yosemite. A rare crippling disease, dystonia dystonia musculorum deformans , kept her to a wheelchair from age 14, but that didn t stop her. After writing Wawona s Yesterdays , she went on to write several other Yosemite History books, focusing on stories about people making them come alive. Her most authoritative book is Galen Clark Yosemite Guardian . Shirley self published most of her books, with printer and historian Hank Johnson, under the name Flying Spur Press, and later under her own imprint Ponderosa Press. Other popular books of hers include Pioneers in Petticoats , John Muir in Yosemite National Park , Yosemite & Its Innkeepers , and Yosemite Chapel 1879 1989 . In 1961 she bought and built on Theodore Solomons homesite in Foresta, California , which had only a fireplace surviving from a 1936 fire. She called her home Flying Spur, but it burned in the 1990 Yosemite A Rock Fire , which also destroyed her historical papers. She rebuilt her home, but before her death she had to move to her parents old home in Mariposa, California due to her illness. She died at her home there. Selected Books by Shirley Sargent Pipeline Down The Valley fiction, 1955 Pat Hawly, Pre school Teacher fiction, 1958 Three Names for Katherine with Hannah Smith fiction, 1960 The Heart Holding Mountains fiction, 1961 http www.yosemite.ca.us library wawonas yesterdays Wawona s Yesterdays 1961 Stop the Typewriters fiction, 1963 Galen Clark Yosemite Guardian 1964 Treasure at Flying Spur fiction, 1965 Pioneers In Petticoats 1966 Ranger in Skirts fiction, 1966 Yosemite Tomboy fiction, 1967 Theodore Parker Lukens, Father of Forestry 1969 John Muir in Yos ... more details
Image Neil Risch.jpg right thumb 300px Neil Risch Neil Risch is an United States American human geneticist and professor at the University of California, San Francisco UCSF . Risch is the Lamond Family Foundation Distinguished Professor in Human Genetics and Director of the Institute for Human Genetics and Professor of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at University of California, San Francisco UCSF . Known for his work on numerous genetic diseases including torsion dystonia , Risch emphasizes the links between population genetics and clinical application, believing that understanding human population history and disease susceptibility go hand in hand. ref http genomebiology.com 2002 3 7 comment 2007 Risch et al. 2002 ref Risch considers that genetic drift is a more compelling explanation for the carrier frequency of lysosomal storage diseases in Ashkenazi Jews than heterozygote advantage , in light of analysis of the results of recent genetic testing by his collaborators and himself. ref name risch2003 cite journal author Risch N, Tang H, Katzenstein H, Ekstein J year 2003 title Geographic distribution of disease mutations in the Ashkenazi Jewish population supports genetic drift over selection journal American Journal of Human Genetics volume 72 issue 4 pages 812 822 pmid 12612865 doi 10.1086 373882 pmc 1180346 ref After mapping torsion dystonia by linkage disequilibrium LD analysis he found it was genetically dominant and was a founder mutation . Other work has focused on the genetic basis of Parkinson s disease , hemochromatosis , multiple sclerosis , diabetes , autism , epilepsy and hypertension . Awards Risch is the 2004 recipient of the Curt Stern Award from the American Society of Human Genetics . He has held faculty appointments at Columbia University Columbia , Yale University Yale , and Stanford University Stanford Universities, and is a graduate of the biomathematics program at the University of California at Los Angeles . ref name curtsternaward cite journ ... more details
Infobox disease Name Paroxysmal Nonkinesigenic Dyskinesia Image Caption DiseasesDB 32382 DiseasesDB mult ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 118800 OMIM mult MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Paroxysmal Nonkinesigenic Dyskinesia PNKD is an episodic movement disorder first described by Mount and Reback in 1940 under the name Familial paroxysmal choreoathetosis ref Mount, L. A. Reback, S. Familial paroxysmal choreoathetosis preliminary report on a hitherto undescribed clinical syndrome. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. 44 841 847, 1940. ref . It is a rare hereditary disease that affects various Muscular system muscular and nervous system s in the body, passing to roughly fifty percent of the offspring. Genetics It has been mapped to chromosome 2q31 36 ref name archneurol http archneur.ama assn.org cgi content full 56 6 721 Archives of Neurology Familial Paroxysmal Dystonic Choreoathetosis ref . It has been associated with PNKD . ref OMIM 118800 ref Alternate names The condition can and has been referred to by a number of different names since it was first described, including the following Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia PNKD Paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis PDC Mount Reback syndrome in honor of Lester Adrian Mount and S. Reback the two doctors that classified it ref http www.whonamedit.com synd.cfm 950.html ref Nonkinesigenic choreoathetosis Familial paroxysmal choreoathetosis Choreoathetosis familial paroxysmal FPD1 DYT8 Dystonia 8 Symptoms The condition manifests itself as attacks lasting from a few minutes to several hours. Episodes only happen when the individual is awake, and they remain conscious throughout the attack. Symptoms are most severe in youth and lessen with age. Sufferers can have multiple attacks on a daily basis or may have periods of weeks or months between attacks. Symptoms experienced during attacks can vary and include dystonia , Chorea disease chorea , athetosis , ballismus , or a combination. ref http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov bookshelf br.fcgi?book ... more details
protein that has been associated with DYT6 dystonia , a hereditary movement disorder involving ... gene are responsible for DYT6 primary torsion dystonia journal Nat Genet volume 41 issue 3 pages ... Sharma, Laurie J Ozelius, D Cristopher Bragg 2011 Dimerization of the DYT6 dystonia protein, THAP1 ... last9 Smolyar first9 Alex refend External links FactorBook THAP1 Link to Wikigenes DYT6 dystonia 6, torsion ... more details
, parkinsonism , and dystonia . Indications Benztropine is an anticholinergic drug used in patients to reduce the side effects of antipsychotic treatment, such as pseudoparkinsonism and dystonia . Benztropine ... but not rigidity and bradykinesia. Benztropine is also sometimes used for the treatment of dystonia ... more details
Spasmodic dysphonia or laryngeal dystonia is a voice disorder characterized by involuntary movements or spasm s of one or more muscle s of the larynx vocal folds or voice box during speech. ref name MEDNET cite web url http www.medterms.com script main art.asp?articlekey 13856 title Definition of Spasmodic dysphonia accessdate 2007 05 11 work MedTerms medical dictionary publisher MedicineNet.com ref Types The three types of spasmodic dysphonia SD are adductor spasmodic dysphonia, abductor spasmodic dysphonia and mixed spasmodic dysphonia. Adductor spasmodic dysphonia In adductor spasmodic dysphonia ADSD , sudden involuntary muscle movements or spasms cause the vocal folds or vocal cords to slam together and stiffen. ref name MEDNET These spasms make it difficult for the vocal folds to vibrate and produce voice. Words are often cut off or difficult to start because of the muscle spasms. Therefore, speech may be choppy and sound similar to stuttering. The voice of an individual with adductor ... NIH SD is a neurological disorder rather than a disorder of the larynx, and as in other forms of dystonia ... relief. The pathophysiology underlying dystonia is becoming better understood as a result of discoveries ... classified as a movement disorder, one of the focal dystonias, and is also known as laryngeal dystonia ... movement of muscles of the face, tongue, body, arms and legs , oromandibular dystonia involuntary ... with movement of the affected body part in laryngeal dystonia, supporting a dystonic basis for this voice ... dystonia year 2005 month November author Haslinger B, Erhard P, Dresel C, Castrop F, Roettinger ... Chan, T title Laryngeal dystonia. journal Otolaryngologic clinics of North America date 2006 Feb ... diagnosis and management of dystonia year 2007 publisher Informa Healthcare location London isbn ... dysphonia laryngeal dystonia a systematic Cochrane review. journal Clinical rehabilitation date ... Spasmodic Dysphonia section of VoiceInfo.org http dystonia oxford.ning.com Dystonia Society Network ... more details
Regaining Strength, Balance and Flexibility for Parkinson s Disease and Dystonia , London Merit ... Davis Phinney Foundation http www.davisphinneyfoundation.org Life with Dystonia BEATDystonia ... more details
Infobox person name Samuel Belzberg image alt caption birth date Birth date and age 1928 06 26 birth place Calgary , Alberta death date Death date and age YYYY MM DD YYYY MM DD death place other names known for occupation nationality awards Order of Canada br Order of British Columbia Samuel Belzberg , Post nominals country CAN OC OBC born June 26, 1928 is a Canada Canadian business man and philanthropist . Born in Calgary , Alberta , Belzberg was educated at the University of Alberta . He was founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of First City Financial Corporation Limited, a seven billion dollar Canadian dollars full service financial institution. He was also an investor in American Water Development Inc, along with Maurice Strong and Alexander Crutchfield . He is currently the President of Gibralt Capital Corporation, a Canadian private investment company. In 1977, with a donation of 500,000, he helped fund the Simon Wiesenthal Center in Los Angeles . He is the founder of both the Canadian and American Dystonia Medical Research Foundations. In 1988 he was made a Member of the Order of Canada and was promoted to Officer in 2001. In 2009, he was made a member of the Order of British Columbia . He is married to Frances Belzberg. They have four children Marc, Lisa, Wendy, and Sherry. His daughter Wendy is married to Strauss Zelnick , the founder and president of Zelnickmedia . References http www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com index.cfm?PgNm TCE&Params A1ARTA0000673 The Canadian Encyclopedia entry Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Belzberg, Samuel ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH June 26, 1928 PLACE OF BIRTH Calgary , Alberta DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Belzberg, Samuel Category Living people Category Canadian businesspeople Category Members of the Order of British Columbia Category Officers of the Order of Canada Category 1928 births Canada business bio stub ... more details
Paratonia or gegenhalten is defined as a form of hypertonia with an involuntary variable resistance during passive movement. ref name Hobbelen cite journal last Hobbelen first JS coauthors Koopmans, RT, Verhey, FR, Van Peppen, RP, de Bie, RA title Paratonia a Delphi procedure for consensus definition. journal Journal of geriatric physical therapy 2001 year 2006 volume 29 issue 2 pages 50 6 pmid 16914066 url http ovidsp.tx.ovid.com sp 3.5.1a ovidweb.cgi ref In other words, attempting to move the limb of a person with paratonia will result in that person involuntarily resisting the movement. The amount of resistance is determined by the speed of the movement faster, more forceful movements will result in greater amounts of resistance. ref name Hobbelen It is also present regardless of the direction of the movement. ref name Hobbelen Paratonia is can be distinguished from spasticity by observing a lack of exaggerated deep tendon reflexes and a lack of a clasp knife response . ref name Hobbelen It can be distinguished from from Parkinsonian aka lead pipe rigidity in that the amount of resistance in Parkinsonian rigidity does not vary with the velocity of the movement. ref name Hobbelen Paratonia develops during a period of dementia and the degree of effect is dependent upon the disease s progress. ref name Hobbelen Paratonia was classified very recently by experts, and is unrelated to the much more typical spasticity associated with spastic diplegia and similar forms of cerebral palsy . See also Muscle tone Hypertonia Hypotonia Dementia References reflist Article defining spasticity, rigidity, and dystonia cite journal last Sanger first TD coauthors Delgado, MR, Gaebler Spira, D, Hallett, M, Mink, JW, Task Force on Childhood Motor, Disorders title Classification and definition of disorders causing hypertonia in childhood. journal Pediatrics date 2003 Jan volume 111 issue 1 pages e89 97 pmid 12509602 accessdate 4 February 2012 http www.fasthealth.com dictionary p paraton ... more details
Enrico Fazzini , is a neurologist . He is considered an expert on Parkinson s disease and has published numerous research publications on the subject, and been involved in a number of clinical trails for new pharmaceutical treatments for Parkinson s. He attended Des Moines University University of Osteopathic Medicine and Health Sciences in Des Moines , Iowa . He is board certified in neurology and psychiatry , by both the Doctor of Medicine M.D. and Osteopathic medicine in the United States osteopathic medical boards. ref Education and Training. New York University Medical Center. http www.med.nyu.edu people fazzie01.html ref He is currently a professor at the New York University School of Medicine and the New York College of Osteopathic Medicine . Dr. Enrico Fazzini completed his Neurology training at Boston University in 1987 and his fellowhip in Movement Disorders at Columbia Presbyterian in 1989 where he was instrumental in the development of botulinum toxin type A for use in dystonia. In addition to being a neurologist, Dr. Fazzini has a PhD in Neuropsychology from Boston University and is an expert on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with traumatic brain injuries. Famous patients Dr. Fazzini was consulted by the Vatican for the treatment of John Paul II. Famous patients include Michael J. Fox and Mohammed Ali. He confirmed the competency of then Attorney General Janet Reno after she was diagnosed with Parkinson s Disease. Publications Dr. Fazzini s publications are listed on PubMed. http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db pubmed&Cmd Search&Term 22Fazzini 20E 22 5BAuthor 5D&itool EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed ResultsPanel.Pubmed RVAbstractPlus Dr.Fazzini is credited with the re introduction of surgical therapies utilized in the treatment of Parkinson s disease. He currently has one of the largest Parkinson s disease practice in the United States, and he is the director of the Manhattan and Nassau County Centers of the American Parkinson s Diseas ... more details
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