Infobox language name Dzongkha nativename File Dzongkha 02.svg 56px ethnicity Ngalop region Flagicon Bhutan Bhutan , Flagicon India Sikkim India speakers 170,000 date 2006 speakers2 Second language 470,000 ... ref The word dzongkha means the language kha spoken in the dzong , dzong being the fortress like monasteries ... name for Dzongkha, but the name of a Balochi language . The two are sometimes confused, even in some published ISO 639 codelists. Classification and related languages Linguistically, Dzongkha is a Tibetan languages South Tibetan language. It is closely related to and partially intelligible with Sikkimese language Sikkimese bo w nowiki nowiki Bras ljongs skad , the national language of the erstwhile ... script Category Dzongkhalanguage az Dzonqxa be be x old bg bo ... agency Dzongkha Development Commission iso1 dz iso2 dzo lc1 dzo ld1 Dzongkha lc2 adp ld2 Adap map Dzongkha native language districts.svg mapcaption Districts of Bhutan where the Dzongkhalanguage is spoken natively notice Indic Dzongkha bo textonly lang dz Wylie transliteration Wylie rdzong kha , span Jong k span , occasionally Ngalop kha, is the national language of Bhutan . ref name CoBE ... na ca khyod ca nga ca kha , Brokpa language Brokpa me rag sag steng brog skad , Brokkat language Brokkat dur gyi brog skad , and Lakha la ka . Dzongkha bears a close linguistic relationship to J umowa spoken in the Chumbi valley of Southern Tibet and to the Dranjongke language of Sikkim . ref Cite ... None ref It has a much more distant relationship to standard modern Central Tibetan language Tibetan . Although spoken Dzongkha and Tibetan are largely mutually unintelligible, the literary forms of both are both highly influenced by the Liturgy liturgical clerical Classical Tibetan language, known in Bhutan as Ch ke, which has been used for centuries by Buddhist monks. Ch ke was used as the language of education in Bhutan until the early 1960s when it was replaced by Dzongkha in public schools ... more details
DzongkhalanguageDzongkha , the national language of Bhutan , has two numeral systems, one vigesimal base 20 , and a modern decimal system. The vigesimal system remains in robust use. Ten is an auxiliary base the teens are formed with ten and the numerals 1 9. Vigesimal class wikitable IPA 1 ci 11 cu ci 2 i 12 cu i 3 sum 13 cu sum 4 i 14 cu i 5 a 15 ce a 6 u 16 cu u 7 dyn 17 cup d 8 e 18 cop e 9 u 19 cy u 10 cu t m 20 k e ci nowiki nowiki When it appears on its own, ten is usually said IPA cu t m a full ten . In combinations it is simply IPA cu . Factors of 20 are formed from IPA k e . Intermediate factors of ten are formed with IPA p e da half to class wikitable IPA 30 k e p e da i a half to two score 40 k e i two score 50 k e p e da sum a half to three score 100 k e a five score 200 k e cut m ten score 300 k e ce a fifteen score 400 20 IPA i u is the next unit IPA i u ci 400, IPA i u i 800, etc. Higher powers are 8000 20 IPA k ec e a reat score and IPA j c e 160,000 20 . Decimal The decimal system is the same up to 19. Then decades, however, are formed as unit ten , as in Chinese, and the hundreds similarly. 20 is reported to be IPA i u , the vigesimal numeral 400 this may be lexical interference for the expected IPA i cu . In any case, there is no ambiguity, because as 400 it is obligatorily IPA i u ci one 400 . Several of the decades have an epenthetic IPA p , perhaps by analogy with 18 and 19, where the IPA p presumably reflects a historical IPA cup ten IPA sum cu 30, IPA i p cu 40, IPA a p cu 50, IPA a t ampa or IPA cik a 100 a full hundred or one hundred , IPA i a 200, IPA sum a 300, IPA i p a 400, etc. References Mazaudon & Lacito, 2002, http halshs.archives ouvertes.fr docs 00 16 68 91 PDF numerationTB SLP.pdf Les principes de construction du nombre dans les langues tibeto birmanes , in Fran ois, ed. La Pluralit , p. 6 ff Category Dzongkhalanguage Category Numerals ... more details
The Dzongkha keyboard layout scheme is designed as a simple means for inputting DzongkhalanguageDzongkha and classical Tibetan text on computers. This keyboard layout was standardized by the Dzongkha Development Commission DDC and the Department of Information Technology, Bhutan Department of Information Technology DIT of the Royal Government of Bhutan in 2000. It was updated in 2009 to accommodate additional characters added to the Unicode & ISO 10646 standards since the initial version. Since the arrangement of keys essentially follows the usual order of the Dzongkha and Tibetan alphabet , the layout can be quickly learned by anyone familiar with this alphabet. Subjoined combining consonants are entered using the Shift key. The Dzongkha dz keyboard layout is included in the XFree86 distribution. Keyboard layout Dzongkha Bhutan dz BT File KBD DZ noshift 2009.png 400px Dzongkha keyboard File KBD DZ shift 2009.png 400px Dzongkha keyboard shift state Alternative Dzongkha input methods Tise External links http www.dzongkha.gov.bt IT download Dzongkha Keyboard 2009.pdf Dzongkha Keyboard Layout http www.library.gov.bt IT keyboard.html Dzongkha Keyboard & Input Methods National Library of Bhutan http www.thdl.org tools dzkeylayout.html Dzongkha Keyboard map THDL http www.thdl.org tools dzkeyboard.html Dzongkha Unicode Keyboard for Windows THDL http www.dzongkha.gov.bt IT Mac OSX Instructions.en.html http www.dzongkha.gov.bt IT Mac OSX Instructions.en.html Dzongkha Keyboard for Mac OS X http www.dzongkha.gov.bt IT DzongkhaComputingIndex.en.html Dzongkha Computing Instructions Dzongkha Development Commission, Bhutan Keyboard layouts Category Keyboard layouts Category Computer keyboards Category Dzongkhalanguage Category Tibetan character input dz ... more details
coord 27 29 00 N 89 37 56 E display title File DDC Office Thimphu.JPG right thumb 300px Offices of the Dzongkha Development Commission, Thimphu The Dzongkha Development Commission span lang dz span , also called the DDC, is the pre eminent body on matters pertaining to the DzongkhaDzongkhalanguage . The DDC was officially established in 1986 by Jigme Singye Wangchuk , the fourth king of Bhutan , to preserve and promote the use of Dzongkha as the national language of Bhutan. The DDC offices are now located in the Kawajangtsa area of Thimphu , close to the National Library of Bhutan and the Ministry of Education. The Dzongkha Development Commission consists of two parts the Commission itself having nine eminent members or commissioners chaired by the List of Prime Ministers of Bhutan Prime Minister of Bhutan and the DDC Secretariat which carries out the day to day work of the Commission. The body has the task of acting as an official authority on the language. It is charged with promoting the use of Dzongkha researching and publishing official dictionaries and grammar of the language developing new lexical terminology and developing software and fonts to support the language. External links http www.dzongkha.gov.bt index.en.html Dzongkha Development Commission Bhutan stub Category Dzongkhalanguage Category Government commissions of Bhutan Category Language regulators dz ... more details
On Language was a regular column in the weekly New York Times Magazine on the English language discussing popular etymology , new or unusual usages, and other language related topics. The inaugural column was published on February 18, 1979 and it was a regular popular feature. Many of the columns were collected in books. Columnist and journalist William Safire was one of the most frequent contributors from the inception of the column until Safire s death in 2009. He wrote the inaugural On Language column in 1979. ref http www.nytimes.com 2009 10 11 magazine 11FOB onlanguage t.html New York Times On Language The Maven, Nevermore about Safire s legacy ref starting it with the greeting How do you do. This is a new column about language. In more than 30 years, he contributed more than 1300 installments to the column. Safire was succeeded by Ben Zimmer , who wrote the column until its final edition on February 25, 2011. ref http www.nytimes.com 2011 02 27 magazine 27fob onlanguage t.html New York Times On Language The Future Tense ref About the cancellation of the column, the incoming editor of New York Times Magazine Hugo Lindgren explained this and other changes to the magazine It is mine now. I m in charge. We re going to be doing some significant redesign work, and have a newish magazine by the end of January. The big thing is, I want to create a kind of new identity for the front of the book section. That doesn t mean that everything s being tossed out. We re looking at everything and evaluating what sort of fits. ref http nymag.com daily intel 2010 11 new times magazine editor hugo.html New York Magazine New Times Magazine Editor Hugo Lindgren on His Plans Big Subjects, More T, and the End of The Way We Live Now ref References Reflist External links http topics.nytimes.com topics features magazine columns on language index.html A collection of On Language columns published in The New York Times DEFAULTSORT On Language Category English language Category The New York ... more details
About the properties of language in general other uses Language disambiguation File Lakhovsky Conversation.jpg ... Cuneiform is one of the first known forms of written language , but spoken language is believed to predate writing by tens of thousands of years at least. Language may refer either to the specifically ... of such a system of complex communication. The scientific study of language in any of its senses ... salient examples, but natural language s can also be based on visual rather than auditory stimulus physiology stimuli , for example in sign language s and written language . Code s and other kinds of constructed language artificially constructed communication systems such as those used for programming language computer programming can also be called languages. A language in this sense is a system ... ultimately from Latin lingua , language, tongue , via Old French . ref name AHD cite encyclopedia title language encyclopedia The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language edition 3rd year 1992 location Boston publisher Houghton Mifflin Company ref When used as a general concept, language .... Language as a communication system is thought to be fundamentally different from and of much ... a finite number of elements. Language is thought to have originated when early hominids first started ... with an increase in brain volume, and many linguists see the structures of language as having evolved to serve specific communicative functions. Language is neurolinguistics processed in many ... Wernicke s area s. Humans language acquisition acquire language through social interaction in early childhood, and children generally speak fluently when they are around three years old. The use of language ... identity , social stratification and for social grooming and entertainment . The word language ... from sequences of words. Languages language change evolve and diversify over time, and the history ... of languages that descend from a common ancestor is known as a language family . The languages ... more details
Infobox language name To nativename states Cameroon , Central African Republic ethnicity speakers none date NA ref e16 familycolor Niger Congo fam2 Atlantic Congo languages Atlantic Congo fam3 Mbum Day languages Mbum Day fam4 Mbum languages Mbum fam5 unclassified iso3 toz To is an unclassified Mbum languages Mbum language of northern Cameroon and the Central African Republic . It is only used as a second language , as the secret male initiation language of the Gbaya people Gbaya . References reflist Category Languages of Cameroon Category Adamawa languages Category Initiation languages Cameroon stub ... more details
Infobox Language name Are states Papua New Guinea region Milne Bay Province , tip of Cape Vogel speakers 1,230 familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Western Oceanic languages Western fam5 Papuan Tip languages Papuan Tip fam6 Kilivila nowrap Nuclear Papuan Tip fam7 Are Taupota languages Are Taupota fam8 Are languages Are iso3 mwc The Are language is an Austronesian language of the eastern Papua New Guinea n mainland, It s spoken by about 1,230 people. External links ethnologue mwc Category Nuclear Papuan Tip languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea PapuaNewGuinea stub au lang stub fr Are langue hr Are jezik is Are ... more details
Infobox language name Then states CHN region Pingtang County , southern Guizhou speakers 15,000 date 1999 ethnicity familycolor Tai Kadai fam2 Kam Sui languages Kam Sui iso3 tct The Then language also known as Y nghu ng in Chinese alternate spellings T en and Ten is a Kam Sui language spoken in Pingtang County , southern Guizhou . Phonology Yanghuang has 71 consonants total, including those with secondary articulation s. There are a total of 71 rhymes, 9 vowels, and 8 codas Bo 1997 . References Reflist Bo, Wenze. 1997. Yanghuang yu yan jiu A Study of Yanghuang Then . Beijing Zhong yang min zu da xue chu ban she. External links http language.psy.auckland.ac.nz austronesian language.php?id 719 Then word list from the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database Tai Kadai languages Category Languages of China Category Kam Sui languages tk lang stub fr T en ... more details
Infobox language name Lunanakha nativename states Flag Bhutan Bhutan region Lunana Gewog , Gasa District speakers 1,700 date 1998 ethnicity familycolor Sino Tibetan fam2 Tibeto Burman languages Tibeto Burman fam3 Tibeto Kanauri languages Tibeto Kanauri fam4 Bodish languages Bodish fam5 Tibetan languages Tibetan fam6 Central Tibetan languages Central Tibetan fam7 Southern iso3 luk script Tibetan script Tibetan Lunanakha Dzongkha Wylie transliteration Wylie lung nag na kha is a Tibetan languages Tibetan language spoken in Bhutan Lunana Gewog , Gasa District by some 1,700 people as of 1998. Most are yak herding pastoralists. ref name SIL1 cite book url http www.ethnologue.com show language.asp?code lya title Layakha publisher SIL International work Ethnologue Languages of the World editor Lewis, M. Paul year 2009 edition 16 online location Dallas, Texas accessdate 2011 09 26 ref Lunanakha is closely related to Dzongkha , the national language of Bhutan. ref cite book title Dzongkha volume 1 series Languages of the Greater Himalayan Region first1 George last1 van Driem first2 Karma last2 Tshering publisher Research CNWS, School of Asian, African, and Amerindian Studies year 1998 isbn 90 5789 002 X page 1 url http books.google.com books?id fiwOAAAAYAAJ accessdate 2011 09 27 ref See also Lunana Gewog Lunana village Languages of Bhutan References reflist Languages of Bhutan Category Languages of Bhutan Category Languages written in Tibetan script Category South Bodish languages st lang stub Bhutan stub br Lounanakeg pms Lenga Lunanakha ... more details
Infobox language name Gongduk nativename big big region Bhutan speakers 2,100 date 2006 familycolor Sino Tibetan fam2 Tibeto Burman languages Tibeto Burman fam3 ? Tibeto Kanauri languages Tibeto Kanauri script Tibetan script iso3 goe map Contains Tibetan text Gongduk or Gongdu bo t w Dgong dus is an Endangered language endangered Tibeto Burman languages Tibeto Burman language spoken by about 1,000 people in a few inaccessible villages located near the Kuri Chhu river in the Gongdu Gewog of Mongar District in eastern Bhutan . The language appears to be the sole representative of a unique branch of the Tibeto Burman languages Tibeto Burman language family ref name HLP Cite web author Himalayan Languages Project authorlink Himalayan Languages Project title Gongduk work publisher Himalayan Languages Project date url http www.himalayanlanguages.org ?q languages gongduk accessdate 2009 11 06 ref and retains the complex verbal agreement system of Proto Tibeto Burman. ref Cite web author Ethnologue authorlink Ethnologue title Gongduk A language of Bhutan work publisher SIL date url http www.ethnologue.com show language.asp?code goe accessdate 2009 11 06 ref Currently, George van Driem is working towards the completion of a description of Gongduk based on his work with native speakers in the Gongduk area. ref name HLP References reflist Sources cite book author Dzongkha Development Authority authorlink coauthors Dasho Sangay Dorji, Col. Wangdi Tshering, Namgay Thinley, Gyembo Dorji, Phuntsho Wangdi, Lekyi Tshering, Sangay Phuntsho title Gongduk Dzongkha English Dictionary publisher Dzongkha Development Authority year 2005 ... van Driem coauthors Karma Tshering of Gasel collab title Dzongkha series Languages of the Greater ... of Bhutan and Sikkim booktitle Language diversity endangered series Trends in linguistics. Studies ... of Bhutan DEFAULTSORT Gongduk Language Category Endangered Sino Tibetan languages Category Unclassified ... more details
Infobox language name Chocangacakha region Bhutan familycolor Sino Tibetan speakers 20,000 ref ref name vanDriem93 date 1993 fam2 Tibeto Burman languages Tibeto Burman fam3 Tibeto Kanauri languages Tibeto Kanauri fam4 Bodish languages Bodish fam5 Tibetan languages Tibetan fam6 Central Tibetan languages Central Tibetan fam7 Southern script Tibetan script iso3 cgk Chocangacakha Dzongkha Wylie transliteration Wylie Khyod ca nga ca kha also called Cho ca nga ca kha, Kursmadkha, Maphekha, Rtsamangpa ikha, and Tsagkaglingpa ikha is a Tibetan languages Southern Tibetan language spoken by about 20,000 people in the Kuri Chhu Kurichu Valley of Lhuntse District Lhuntse and Mongar District s in eastern Bhutan . ref name vanDriem93 cite web url http repository.forcedmigration.org pdf ?pid fmo 3003 format PDF last van Driem first George L. authorlink George van Driem title Language Policy in Bhutan publisher School of Oriental and African Studies SOAS location London year 1993 accessdate 2011 01 18 ref ref name SIL1 cite web url http www.ethnologue.com show language.asp?code cgk title Chocangacakha work Ethnologue Online publisher SIL International location Dallas year 2006 accessdate 2011 01 18 ref Chocangacakha is a sister language to Dzongkha , however under pressure to assimilate into the mainstream Dzongkha speaking Ngalop culture, this proximity has resulted in significant loss of its particularly distinctive Kurichu linguistic substrait. ref name vanDriem93 ref name vanDriem2007 cite book title Language diversity endangered volume 181 series Trends in linguistics Studies and monographs, Mouton Reader authorlink George van Driem last van Driem first George page 312 editor Matthias Brenzinger publisher Walter de Gruyter year 2007 isbn 3110170507 url http books.google.com books?id 6p6b5GQ4Q4YC ref See also Dzongkha Languages of Bhutan Language shift References reflist Languages of Bhutan Category Languages of Bhutan Category South Bodish languages St lang stub Bhutan ... more details
2011 09 26 ref Layakha is closely related to Dzongkha , the national language of Bhutan. ref cite book title Dzongkha volume 1 series Languages of the Greater Himalayan Region first1 George last1 van ...Infobox language name Layakha nativename , layakha states Flag Bhutan Bhutan region Laya Gewog , Gasa District northern Punakha District Lingzhi Gewog , Thimphu District speakers 1,100 date 2003 ethnicity Layap familycolor Sino Tibetan fam2 Tibeto Burman languages Tibeto Burman fam3 Tibeto Kanauri languages Tibeto Kanauri fam4 Bodish languages Bodish fam5 Tibetan languages Tibetan fam6 Central Tibetan languages Central Tibetan fam7 Southern iso3 lya script Tibetan script Tibetan image Layap woman.jpg imagealt alt text for the image imagecaption Layap woman in Laya Gewog Layakha Dzongkha , Wylie transliteration Wylie la ya kha , la yag kha ref cite book url http books.google.com books?id XS0OAAAAYAAJ title An Introduction to Bhutanese Languages first C. T. last Dorji publisher Vikas year 1997 page 25 accessdate 2011 09 27 ref is a Tibeto Burman language spoken by indigenous peoples indigenous Layap s inhabiting the high mountains of northwest Bhutan in the village of Laya, Bhutan Laya , Gasa District . Speakers also inhabit the northern regions of Thimphu District Thimphu Lingzhi Gewog and Punakha District s. Its speakers are ethnically related to Tibetan people Tibetans . Most speakers live at an altitude of convert 3,850 m ft , just below the Tsendagang peak. Layakha speakers are also called Bjop by the Bhutanese, sometimes considered a condescending term. Their population in 2003 stood at 1,100. ref cite book url http www.ethnologue.com show language.asp?code lya title Layakha publisher SIL International work Ethnologue Languages of the World editor Lewis, M. Paul year 2009 edition 16 online location Dallas, Texas accessdate 2011 09 26 ref ref name Kuensel1 ... 2011 09 27 ref Dzongkha speakers enjoy a limited mutual intelligibility, mostly in basic vocabulary ... more details
difference to Kurt p language Kurt p Zhake , a sister East Bodish language, and to Dzongkha , the national language. ref name JBS rp 78 79 class wikitable Nyenkha Kurt p language Kurt p Dzongkha ...Infobox Language name Nyenkha region Bhutan familycolor Sino Tibetan speakers 8,700 ref ref name JBS date 2010 fam2 Tibeto Burman languages Tibeto Burman fam3 Tibeto Kanauri languages Tibeto Kanauri fam4 Bodish languages Bodish fam5 East Bodish languages East Bodish script Tibetan script iso3 neh Nyenkha Dzongkha Wylie transliteration Wylie nowiki nowiki Nyen kha also called Nyenkha, Henkha, Lap, Nga Ked, and Mangsdekha is an East Bodish languages East Bodish language spoken by about 10,000 people in the eastern, northern, and western areas of the Black Mountains Bhutan Black Mountains . ref name JBS cite journal journal Journal of Bhutan Studies volume 24 year Summer 2011 first Jagar last Dorji title Hen Kha A Dialect of Mangde Valley in Bhutan url http www.bhutanstudies.org.bt pubFiles JBS 24 04 20Henka JDorji.pdf format PDF pages 69 86 ref Speakers live primarily between the Tang Chuu to the east and Mangde Chhu to the west, from the town of Trongsa in Trongsa District along Mangde Chhu Black River passes in the Trongsa District villages of Taktse and Usar to in Ridha and Tashiding ... Driem title Language Policy in Bhutan publisher School of Oriental and African Studies SOAS location ... year 2006 accessdate 2011 01 18 ref Nyenkha is related to the East Bodish Bumthang language Bumthangkha and Kurt p language Kurt pkha , ref name SIL1 with 75 77 and 69 lexical similarity, respectively ... , such that names for the overall language are largely confined to academia. ref name JBS rp 72 74 ... trends have served to limit the practicality of Nyenkha as a fully functional language. Despite ... fluent in the language. ref name JBS rp 81 82 Many Nyenkha speakers have extensive contact with other ... nga br ney align center 2p br gye br yid align center 3p br khi br boe Unlike Dzongkha ... more details
Infobox Language name Dakpa region Bhutan familycolor Sino Tibetan speakers 1,000 ref ref name vanDriem93 date 1993 fam2 Tibeto Burman languages Tibeto Burman fam3 Tibeto Kanauri languages Tibeto Kanauri fam4 Bodish languages Bodish fam5 East Bodish languages East Bodish script Tibetan script iso3 dka The Dakpa languageDzongkha Wylie transliteration Wylie Dak pa kha also called Dakpakha and D akpakha is an East Bodish languages East Bodish language spoken by about 1,000 people in northern Trashigang District in eastern Bhutan , mainly in Chaleng, Phongmey Gewog Phongmey , Yobinang, Dangpholeng and Lengkhar near Radhi Gewog Radhi . ref name vanDriem93 cite web url http repository.forcedmigration.org pdf ?pid fmo 3003 format PDF last van Driem first George L. authorlink George van Driem title Language Policy in Bhutan publisher School of Oriental and African Studies SOAS location London year 1993 accessdate 2011 01 18 ref ref name SIL1 cite web url http www.ethnologue.com show language.asp?code dka title Dakpakha work Ethnologue Online publisher SIL International location Dallas year 2006 accessdate 2011 01 18 ref Van Driem 2001 describes Dakpa as the most divergent of Bhutan s East Bodish languages . ref name vanDriem01 cite book first George last van Driem authorlink George van Driem year 2001 title Languages of the Himalayas An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region publisher Brill ref SIL International SIL reports that Dakpa may be dialect of Brokpa language Brokpake , and that it been influenced by Dzala language Dzalakha while Brokpake has not. ref name SIL1 See also Languages of Bhutan References references External links http www.himalayanlanguages.org Himalayan Languages Project Languages of Bhutan Category Languages of Bhutan Category East Bodish languages st lang stub Bhutan stub br Dakpakeg pms Lenga Dakpakha ... more details
Infobox language name Chali region Bhutan familycolor Sino Tibetan speakers 8,200 date 2006 fam2 Tibeto Burman languages Tibeto Burman fam3 Tibeto Kanauri languages Tibeto Kanauri fam4 Bodish languages Bodish fam5 East Bodish languages East Bodish script Tibetan script iso3 tgf The Chali languageDzongkha Wylie transliteration Wylie Tsha li kha also called Chalikha, Chalipkha, Tshali, and Tshalingpa is an East Bodish languages East Bodish language spoken by about 8,200 people in Wangmakhar, Gorsum and Tormazhong villages in Mongar District in eastern Bhutan , mainly around Chhali Gewog on east bank of Kuri Chhu River. ref name SIL1 cite web url http www.ethnologue.com show language.asp?code dka title Chalikha work Ethnologue Online publisher SIL International location Dallas year 2006 accessdate 2011 01 18 ref ref name vanDriem93 cite web url http repository.forcedmigration.org pdf ?pid fmo 3003 format PDF last van Driem first George L. authorlink George van Driem title Language Policy in Bhutan publisher School of Oriental and African Studies SOAS location London year 1993 accessdate 2011 01 18 ref Chalikha is related to Bumthang language Bumthangkha and Kurt p language Kurt pkha . ref name SIL1 See also Languages of Bhutan References references External links http www.himalayanlanguages.org Himalayan Languages Project Languages of Bhutan Category Languages of Bhutan Category East Bodish languages st lang stub Bhutan stub br Tchalikeg pms Lenga Chalikha ... more details
Infobox language name Bumthang region Bhutan familycolor Sino Tibetan speakers 36,500 date 1993 fam2 Tibeto Burman languages Tibeto Burman fam3 Tibeto Kanauri languages Tibeto Kanauri fam4 Bodish languages Bodish fam5 East Bodish languages East Bodish script Tibetan script iso3 kjz The Bumthang languageDzongkha Wylie transliteration Wylie Bum thang kha also called Bhumtam, Bumtang kha , Bumtanp, Bumthapkha, and Kebumtamp is an East Bodish languages East Bodish language spoken by about 36,500 people in Bumthang District Bumthang and surrounding districts of Bhutan districts in central Bhutan . ref name SIL1 cite web url http www.ethnologue.com show language.asp?code kjz title Bumthangkha work Ethnologue Online publisher SIL International location Dallas year 2006 accessdate 2011 01 18 ref ref name vanDriem93 cite web url http repository.forcedmigration.org pdf ?pid fmo 3003 format PDF last van Driem first George L. authorlink George van Driem title Language Policy in Bhutan publisher School of Oriental and African Studies SOAS location London year 1993 accessdate 2011 01 18 ref Van Driem 1993 describes Bumthangkha as the dominant language of central Bhutan. ref name vanDriem93 Related languages Historically, Bumthangkha and its speakers have had close contact with speakers of Kurt p language Kurt pkha , Nupbikha and Khengkha , nearby languages of central and eastern Bhutan, to the extent that they may be considered part of a wider collection of Bumthang languages. ref ... cite book title Language diversity endangered volume 181 series Trends in linguistics Studies and monographs ...?id 6p6b5GQ4Q4YC ref Bumthang language is largely lexically similar with Kheng language Khengkha 92 , Nyenkha 75 77 , and Kurt p language Kurt pkha 70 73 but less so with Dzongkha 47 52 and Tshangla language Tshangla Sharchop 40 50 . ref name SIL1 It is either closely related to or identical with the Tawang Monpa language East Bodish language of the Tawang Monpa people Monpa of India and China ... more details
Infobox Language name Brokkat region Bhutan familycolor Sino Tibetan speakers 300 ref ref name vanDriem93 date 1993 fam2 Tibeto Burman languages Tibeto Burman fam3 Tibeto Kanauri languages Tibeto Kanauri fam4 Bodish languages Bodish fam5 Tibetan languages Tibetan fam6 Central Tibetan languages Central Tibetan fam7 Southern script Tibetan script iso3 bro The Brokkat languageDzongkha Wylie transliteration Wylie Brok kha also called Brokskad and Jokay is an endangered ref cite book title Encyclopedia of the World s Endangered Languages series Curzon language family series first Christopher last Moseley pages 314, 324 publisher Psychology Press year 2007 isbn 070071197X url http books.google.com books?id 6LoNl7ZRO70C ref Central Tibetan languages Southern Tibetan language spoken by about 300 people in the village of Dhur in Bumthang Valley of Bumthang District in central Bhutan . ref name SIL1 cite web url http www.ethnologue.com show language.asp?code bro title Brokkat work Ethnologue Online publisher SIL International location Dallas year 2006 accessdate 2011 01 18 ref ref name vanDriem93 cite web url http repository.forcedmigration.org pdf ?pid fmo 3003 format PDF last van Driem first George L. authorlink George van Driem title Language Policy in Bhutan publisher School of Oriental and African Studies SOAS location London year 1993 accessdate 2011 01 18 ref Brokkat is spoken by descendants of pastoral yak herd communities. ref name vanDriem93 See also Languages of Bhutan References references External links http www.himalayanlanguages.org Himalayan Languages Project Languages of Bhutan Category Languages of Bhutan Category South Bodish languages st lang stub Bhutan stub br Brokateg hr Brokkat jezik pms Lenga Brokkat ru ... more details
Infobox language name Brokpa region Bhutan familycolor Sino Tibetan speakers 5,000 date 2006 fam2 Tibeto Burman languages Tibeto Burman fam3 Tibeto Kanauri languages Tibeto Kanauri fam4 Bodish languages Bodish fam5 Tibetan languages Tibetan fam6 Central Tibetan languages Central Tibetan fam7 Southern script Tibetan script iso3 sgt The Brokpa languageDzongkha Wylie transliteration Wylie Drok pa kha also called Brokpa, Dakpa, Damilo, Dap, Drokpakay, Jobikha, Mera Sagtengpa, Meragsagstengkha, Mira Sagtengpa, and Sagtengpa is a Central Tibetan languages Southern Tibetan language spoken by about 5,000 people mainly in Merak Gewog Merak and Sakten Gewog s in the Sakten Valley of Trashigang District in eastern Bhutan . ref name SIL1 cite web url http www.ethnologue.com show language.asp?code sgt title Brokpake work Ethnologue Online publisher SIL International location Dallas year 2006 accessdate 2011 01 18 ref ref name vanDriem93 cite web url http repository.forcedmigration.org pdf ?pid fmo 3003 format PDF last van Driem first George L. authorlink George van Driem title Language Policy in Bhutan publisher School of Oriental and African Studies SOAS location London year 1993 accessdate 2011 01 18 ref Brokpa is spoken by descendants of pastoral yak herd communities. ref name vanDriem93 One historical Chinese name of Bhutanese, zh c p b l k b , might be cognate to this language. citation needed date February 2011 See also Languages of Bhutan References references External links http www.himalayanlanguages.org Himalayan Languages Project Languages of Bhutan st lang stub Bhutan stub Category Languages of Bhutan Category South Bodish languages Category Article Feedback 5 br Brokpakeg pms Lenga Brokpake ... more details
languagelanguage of eastern Bhutan, also called Monpa and predating Dzongkha, also belongs to the Tibeto ...Infobox language name Ole altname Olekha nativename Black Mountain Monpa region Bhutan speakers 1,000 date 1993 ethnicity familycolor Sino Tibetan fam2 Tibeto Burman languages Tibeto Burman fam3 Tibeto Kanauri languages Tibeto Kanauri fam4 Bodish languages Bodish fam5 East Bodish languages East Bodish script Tibetan script iso3 ole nowiki nowiki Olekha , also called the Black Mountain Monpa language , is a Tibeto Burman language spoken by about 1,000 people in the Black Mountains Bhutan Black Mountains of the Wangdue Phodrang District Wangdue Phodrang and Trongsa District s in western Bhutan . The term Ole refers to a clan of speakers. ref cite journal journal Center of Nepal and Asian Studies Journal title In Quest of Mah kir nti last van Driem first George volume 19 number 2 month July year 1992 pages 241 247 url http www.thlib.org static reprints contributions CNAS 19 02 05.pdf format PDF accessdate 2011 10 23 ref File Rindzi Phup.gif thumb left Rindzi Phup, one of the last speakers of the Ole M npa language. Photo by George van Driem The language was unknown beyond its immediate area until 1990, and is now the edge of extinction. George van Driem described Olekha as a remnant of the primordial population of the Black Mountains before the southward expansion of the ancient East ... format PDF last van Driem first George L. title Language Policy in Bhutan publisher School of Oriental ... suggested that the Olekha is an isolated Tibeto Burman language heavily influenced by East Bodish ... publisher Brill page 915 et seq. ref While Olekha is most closely related to the Bumthang language ... References reflist Further reading cite book last Namgyel first Singye title The Language Web of Bhutan ... van Driem coauthors Karma Tshering of Gasel collab title Dzongkha series Languages of the Greater ... Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region Containing an Introduction to the Symbiotic Theory of Language ... more details
Infobox Language name Kurt p nativename Kurt pkha, Zh ke region Bhutan familycolor Sino Tibetan speakers 10,000 ref name vanDriem93 cite web url http repository.forcedmigration.org pdf ?pid fmo 3003 format PDF last van Driem first George L. authorlink George van Driem title Language Policy in Bhutan publisher School of Oriental and African Studies SOAS location London year 1993 accessdate 2011 01 18 ref fam2 Tibeto Burman languages Tibeto Burman fam3 Tibeto Kanauri languages Tibeto Kanauri fam4 Bodish languages Bodish fam5 East Bodish languages East Bodish script Tibetan script iso3 xkz The Kurt p languageDzongkha Wylie transliteration Wylie Kur to pa kha Kurt pkha, also called Kurt and Zh ke is a member of the Tibeto Burman language family spoken in the Kurtoe Gewog , Lhuntse District , Bhutan . There are about 10,000 speakers of Kurt p. ref name vanDriem93 Related languages Historically, the language and its speakers have had close contact with speakers of Bumthangkha , Nupbikha and Khengkha , nearby languages of central and eastern Bhutan to the extent that they may be considered part of a wider collection of Bumthang languages. ref cite book title Bhutan Mountain Fortress of the Gods first Christian last Schicklgruber editor Fran oise Pommaret Imaeda publisher Shambhala year 1998 url http books.google.com books?id 8Q1uAAAAMAAJ pages 50, 53 ref ref name EEL cite book first George last van Driem authorlink George van Driem editor last Moseley editor first Christopher ... books.google.com books?id 6LoNl7ZRO70C ref ref name vanDriem2007 cite book title Language diversity ... Asian Linguistics, Case, Voice, and Language Coexistence publisher University of Chicago Press location ... series Lingua volume 119 pages 827 845 cite book last Namgyel first Singye title The Language Web ... Containing an Introduction to the Symbiotic Theory of Language last van Driem first George authorlink ... title Dzongkha series Languages of the Greater Himalayan Region publisher Research School CNWS ... more details
Infobox language name Dzala region Bhutan speakers 68,400 date 2006 ethnicity familycolor Sino Tibetan fam2 Tibeto Burman languages Tibeto Burman fam3 Tibeto Kanauri languages Tibeto Kanauri fam4 Bodish languages Bodish fam5 East Bodish languages East Bodish script Tibetan script iso3 dzl The Dzala language , also called Dzalakha , Dzalamat , or Yangtsebikha is a member of the Tibeto Burman language family spoken in eastern Bhutan , in Lhuntse District Lhuntse and Trashiyangtse District s. ref name vanDriem93 cite web url http repository.forcedmigration.org pdf ?pid fmo 3003 format PDF last van Driem first George L. authorlink George van Driem title Language Policy in Bhutan publisher School of Oriental and African Studies SOAS location London year 1993 accessdate 2011 01 18 ref References reflist Bibliography cite book title Languages of the Himalayas An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region Containing an Introduction to the Symbiotic Theory of Language last van Driem first George authorlink George van Driem coauthors year 2001 publisher Brill location isbn 9004120629 page pages 1412 url Cite book first George last van Driem author link George van Driem editor last Moseley editor first Christopher contribution Endangered Languages of Bhutan and Sikkim East Bodish Languages contribution url title Encyclopedia of the World s Endangered Languages year 2007 page 295 place publisher Routledge url doi isbn 070071197X cite book last Namgyel first Singye title The Language Web of Bhutan publisher KMT location Thimphu year isbn cite book last van Driem first George L authorlink George van Driem coauthors Karma Tshering of Gasel collab title Dzongkha series Languages of the Greater Himalayan Region publisher Research School CNWS, School of Asian, African, and Amerindian Studies location Leiden year 1998 isbn 905789002X Cite journal pages 71 85 last van Driem first George title Dzala and Dakpa form a coherent subgroup within East Bodish, and some related thoughts ... more details
Infobox language name Sikkimese nativename Dranjongke region Sikkim , Bhutan speakers 70,300 date 2001 ethnicity Bhutia familycolor Sino Tibetan fam2 Tibeto Burman languages Tibeto Burman fam3 Tibeto Kanauri languages Tibeto Kanauri fam4 Bodish languages Bodish fam5 Tibetan languages Tibetan fam6 Central Tibetan languages Central Tibetan fam7 Southern script Tibetan script iso3 sip notice IPA contains Tibetan text The Sikkimese language , also called Sikkimese Tibetan, Bhutia, Dranjongke bo t w bras ljongs skad , Dranjoke , Denjongka , Denzongpeke , and Denzongke , belongs to the Southern Tibetan language family. It is spoken by the Bhutia Denzongpa nationality in Sikkim . Sikkimese people refer to their own language as Dranjongke and their homeland as Denzong bo t w bras ljongs Valley of Rice . ref name SIL cite web url http www.ethnologue.com show language.asp?code sip title Sikkimese editor Lewis, M. Paul year 2009 work Ethnologue Languages of the World edition 16 location Dallas, Texas publisher SIL International accessdate 2011 04 16 ref Script main Tibetan script Sikkimese is written using Tibetan script , which it inherited from Classical Tibetan . Sikkimese phonology and lexicon differ markedly from Classical Tibetan, however. SIL International SIL thus describes the Sikkimese writing system as Bodhi style. According to SIL, 68 of Sikkimese Bhutia ... neighbors Speakers of Sikkimese can understand some Dzongkha, with a lexical similarity of 65 .... Sikkimese has also been influenced to some degree by the neighboring Yolmo wa and Tamang language s. ref ... to more than a century of close contact with speakers of Nepali language Nepali and Standard Tibetan ... name thesis See also Bhutia Bhutia people Lepcha people Lepcha language Indigenous peoples of Sikkim History of Sikkim References reflist Further reading cite book title The grammar of Dzongkha authorlink George van Driem last van Driem first George publisher Dzongkha Development Commission, Government ... more details
Infobox language name Khengkha region Bhutan familycolor Sino Tibetan speakers 40,000 ref date 1993 fam2 Tibeto Burman languages Tibeto Burman fam3 Tibeto Kanauri languages Tibeto Kanauri fam4 Bodish languages Bodish fam5 East Bodish languages East Bodish script Tibetan script iso3 xkf Khengkha , also called the Kheng language , is a member of the Tibeto Burman language family spoken in the Zhemgang , Trongsa and Mongar districts of south central Bhutan . There are about 40,000 speakers of Khengkha. ref cite web url http repository.forcedmigration.org pdf ?pid fmo 3003 format PDF last van Driem first George L. authorlink George van Driem title Language Policy in Bhutan publisher School of Oriental and African Studies SOAS location London year 1993 accessdate 2011 01 18 ref Related languages Historically, Khengkha and its speakers have had close contact with speakers of Kurt p language Kurt pkha , Nupbikha and Bumthangkha , nearby languages of central and eastern Bhutan, to the extent that they may be considered part of a wider collection of Bumthang languages. ref cite book title Bhutan Mountain Fortress of the Gods first Christian last Schicklgruber editor Fran oise Pommaret Imaeda publisher Shambhala year 1998 url http books.google.com books?id 8Q1uAAAAMAAJ pages 50, 53 ref ref name EEL cite book first George last van Driem authorlink George van Driem editor last Moseley editor first Christopher contribution Endangered Languages of Bhutan and Sikkim East Bodish Languages title Encyclopedia of the World s Endangered Languages year 2007 page 295 publisher Routledge isbn 070071197X url http books.google.com books?id 6LoNl7ZRO70C ref ref name vanDriem2007 cite book title Language ... to the Symbiotic Theory of Language last van Driem first George authorlink George van Driem coauthors ... 070071197X cite book last Namgyel first Singye title The Language Web of Bhutan publisher KMT location ... Karma Tshering of Gasel collab title Dzongkha series Languages of the Greater Himalayan Region publisher ... more details
appear in non native words inherited from Tibetan language Tibetan , Dzongkha , and the latter ...Infobox language name Tsangla nativename Sharchopkh states Bhutan , Arunachal Pradesh , Tibet speakers 175,000 date no date ref e16 familycolor Sino Tibetan fam2 Tibeto Burman languages Tibeto Burman script none official Tibetan script Tibetan used iso3 tsj notice IPA Tshangla , also called Sharchopkha, Menba, and Monpa, ref name SIL1 cite web url http www.ethnologue.com show country.asp?name BT title Languages of Bhutan work Ethnologue Online publisher SIL International location Dallas year 2006 accessdate 2011 01 18 ref is the language of the Sharchop s and the Monpa people Monpa Menba , the plurality ethnicity of Bhutan and the principal pre Tibetan pre Dzongkha people of that country. ref name vanDriem93 cite web url http repository.forcedmigration.org pdf ?pid fmo 3003 format PDF last van Driem first George L. authorlink George van Driem title Language Policy in Bhutan publisher School of Oriental and African Studies SOAS location London year 1993 accessdate 2011 01 18 ref ref name vanDriem1 Population Tshangla is found scattered throughout eastern Himalayan ridges, spoken by around ... Himalayan Region publisher Brill page 915 et seq. ref The distantly related Olekha language of the Black Mountains Bhutan Black Mountains , also called Monpa and predating Dzongkha, belongs ... vanDriem1 Olekha is most closely related to the Bumthang language both are East Bodish languages . Tshangla ... 2011 url http www.rogerblench.info Language 20data South 20Asia NEI 20Webpages NEI 20general Linguistic ... an unwritten language and has no official status in any country. When written by native ... tone , however the language overall may be in the process of tonogenesis . Some dialects such as those ... are strictly noun adjective, however. ref name Andvik Tshangla is a pro drop language , with two otherwise ... Hoshi first Michiyo year 1987 title A Sharchok Vocabulary A Language Spoken in Eastern Bhutan Integral ... more details
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