small either a separate language or a dialect of Ukrainian small child5 Old EastSlavic language Old EastSlavic child6 Ruthenian language Ruthenian iso5 zle The EastSlaviclanguages constitute one of three regional subgroups of Slaviclanguages , currently spoken in Eastern Europe . It is the group with the largest numbers of speakers, far out numbering the West Slaviclanguages Western and South Slaviclanguages Southern Slavic groups. Current EastSlaviclanguages are Belarusian language ... of Carpathian Rus Genetic Aspects ref The EastSlaviclanguages descend from a proto language ... use the Cyrillic script , but with particular modifications. Classification File EastSlavicLanguages Tree en.png 650px Differentiation The EastSlavic territory shows definitely a linguistic ... of Slaviclanguages in Eastern Europe in the mid 1920 s When the common Old EastSlavic language ... ref harv Slaviclanguages commons category EastSlaviclanguages DEFAULTSORT EastSlavicLanguages Category EastSlaviclanguages af Oos Slawiese tale ast Eslavu Oriental be x old ...Infobox language family name EastSlavic map Slavic europe.svg mapcaption legend 008000 Countries where an EastSlavic language is the national language region Eastern Europe familycolor Indo European fam2 Balto Slaviclanguages Balto Slavic fam3 SlaviclanguagesSlavic child1 Belarusian language Belarusian ... dialect, which shares features from the both languages. East Polesian is a transitional step between .... Therefore, a crucial differentiation has to be made between the history of the EastSlavic dialects ... Slaviclanguages is of course a history of written Writing text s. We do not know how the writers of the preserved ... of the EastSlavic region to Christianity the people used service books borrowed from Bulgaria ... the common languages of Eastern Slavic countries . In the course of the 20th century, Great Russian .... References reflist 2 Further reading cite book chapter East Slavonic languages title The Slavonic ... more details
familycolor Indo European fam2 Balto Slaviclanguages Balto Slavic protoname Proto Slavic child1 EastSlaviclanguagesEastSlavic child2 South Slaviclanguages South Slavic child3 West Slaviclanguages West Slavic map Slavic europe.svg mapcaption legend 008000 Countries where an EastSlavic ... Slaviclanguages on the basis of geographical distribution into three main branches, some of which feature subbranches Style vertical align top EastSlaviclanguages Eastern Slavic branch Old EastSlavic ... Slavic is also used sometimes to combine the West and EastSlaviclanguages into one group, in opposition to the South Slaviclanguages, due to traits the West and EastSlavic branches share with each other that they do not with the South Slaviclanguages. The most obvious differences between the West and EastSlavic branches are in orthography of standard languages West Slaviclanguages are written ... Roman Catholic , whereas the EastSlaviclanguages are written in Cyrillic script Cyrillic and with Eastern Orthodox or Uniate faithful have had more Greek language Greek influence. EastSlavic ... 2006 12 27 ref It includes the ISO 639 1 and ISO 639 3 codes where available. EastSlaviclanguages ... iso5 sla The Slaviclanguages also called Slavonic languages , a group of closely related language s of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo European languages , have speakers in most of Eastern ... Image Balto slavic languages1997.png thumb 250px Balto Slaviclanguages by number of speakers ... West Slaviclanguages West Slavic branch Czech & Slovak Czech language Czech Slovak language Slovak ... top South Slaviclanguages South Slavic branch Eastern Group Old Church Slavonic small extinct small ... speculate that a North Slaviclanguages North Slavic branch has existed as well. The Old Novgorod ... apart from the West or EastSlavic branches, within itself it has much the same differences Bulgarian, for example, has some EastSlavic traits Cyrillic alphabet, Russian loanwords, and Greek influence ... more details
EastSlavic can refer to Wiktionary EastSlaviclanguagesEast Slavs EastSlavic peoples disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ko ... more details
Slavs as a collective term for Western and Eastern Slavs in an old ethnic map The term North Slaviclanguages or, North Slavonic languages has three meanings. North versus South Slavic It is sometimes used to combine the West Slaviclanguages West Slavic and the EastSlaviclanguages into one group, as opposed to the South Slaviclanguages much like South Germanic combining the West and East Germanic branches . The Southern group was separated from the rest of the Slavic dialects by the Hungarian people Hungarian invasion of the 9th century. An extinct branch of Slavic Citation needed date June 2010 Some Slavists Who date June 2010 believe that a separate, now extinct, branch of North Slaviclanguages once existed, different from both West and EastSlavic. The dialect formerly spoken in the vicinity of Novgorod the so called Old Novgorod dialect contains several Proto Slavic language Proto Slavic archaisms that did not survive in any other Slavic language, and can in their opinion be considered a remnant of an ancient North Slavic branch. Constructed North Slaviclanguages There is also a group of artistic language s forming a fictional North Slavic branch of the Slaviclanguages . The authors of these languages were inspired by the existence of West, East and South Slaviclanguages and the absence of a known North Slavic group. Most of these languages therefore have an experimental ... elements in common. The best known examples of constructed North Slaviclanguages are Sevorian ... in South Slavic Arne Hult, On the verbal morphology of the South Slaviclanguages in comparison with the North Slaviclanguages, especially Russian , Papers from First Conference on Formal Approaches to South SlavicLanguages . Plovdiv October 1995. Dragvoll, University of Trondheim, Linguistics Department ... in North Slavic. sten Dahl ed. , Tense and Aspect in the Languages of Europe . Berlin Mouton de ... artificially constructed language Category Artistic languages Category Slaviclanguages cs Severoslovansk ... more details
studies References reflist Slaviclanguages commons category West Slaviclanguages DEFAULTSORT West SlavicLanguages Category West Slaviclanguages ie lang stub af Wes Slawiese tale ast Eslavu ...Infobox language family name West Slavic map Slavic europe.svg mapcaption legend 7cdc87 Countries where a West Slavic language is the national language region Eastern Europe familycolor Indo European fam2 Balto Slaviclanguages Balto Slavic fam3 SlaviclanguagesSlavic child1 Czech Slovak languages Czech Slovak child2 Lechitic languages Lechitic child3 Sorbian languages Sorbian iso5 zlw The West Slaviclanguages are a subdivision of the SlaviclanguagesSlavic language group that includes Czech language Czech , Polish language Polish , Slovak language Slovak , Kashubian language Kashubian and Sorbian language Sorbian . File Zapadoslovanske.jpg thumb Groups and dialects Classification Indo European languages Indo European Balto Slaviclanguages Balto SlavicSlaviclanguagesSlavic West Slavic Czech Slovak languages Czech language Czech Knaanic language Knaanic Judaeo Czech Slovak language Slovak Lechitic languages Lechitic Polish language Polish Pomeranian language Pomeranian Kashubian language Kashubian Slovincian language Slovincian Polabian language Polabian Silesian language Silesian Sorbian languages Sorbian Upper Sorbian language Upper Sorbian Lower Sorbian language Lower Sorbian Distinctive features Some distinctive features of the West Slaviclanguages, as from when they split from the EastSlaviclanguagesEastSlavic and South Slaviclanguages South Slavic branches around the 3rd to 6th centuries AD, are as follows ref Zenon Klemensiewicz, Historia j zyka polskiego , 7th edition, Wydawnictwo naukowe PWN, Warsaw 1999. ISBN 83 01 12760 0 ref development of proto Slavic tj , dj into palatalized ts , d z , as in modern Polish Czech noc night compare Russian retention of the groups kv , gv as in Polish gwiazda star compare Russian retention of tl , dl , as in Czech ... more details
Slavica page 5 quote Though Prussian is undoubtedly closer to the East Baltic languages than to Slavic ... SlaviclanguagesSlavic child2 Baltic languages Baltic The Balto Slavic language group traditionally comprises Baltic languages Baltic and Slaviclanguages , belonging to the Indo European languages Indo European family of languages. Baltic and Slaviclanguages share several linguistic traits not found ... classify Baltic and Slaviclanguages into a single branch, even though some details of the nature ... by means of well defined sound law s, and out of which modern Slavic and Baltic languages descended ... ancestral to Proto Slavic language, out of which all other Slaviclanguages descended. ref name enc Harvcoltxt Young 2006 ref Historical dispute The nature of the relationship of the Balto Slaviclanguages ... among Baltic and Slaviclanguages were a result of an intensive language contact, i.e., that they were ... Baltic and Slaviclanguages are a result of not only genetic relationship, but also of later language ... still reject a genetic relationship, most scholars accept that Baltic and Slaviclanguages experienced ... Baltic and Slaviclanguages were originally one language and so form one group . ref Harvcoltxt ... a genetic relationship between the Baltic and Slaviclanguages and dating the split of the family ... The Balto Slaviclanguages are most often divided into Baltic and Slavic branches. ref James ... Toporov that the Balto Slavic proto language split from the start into West Baltic, East Baltic .... H. 1958, On the Relations between Slavic and Baltic Languages , 4th International Congress of Slavic ... and the areas of the Danubian basin, ref Slaviclanguages were spoken till the year 800 all ..., which left us today with only two branches Baltic and Slavic or East Baltic, West Baltic, and Slavic ... December 2010 The close relationship of the Baltic and Slaviclanguages is indicated by a series ... innovation. Citation needed date June 2010 Baltic and Slaviclanguages also show some correspondence ... more details
two Slavic branches West Slaviclanguages West and EastSlaviclanguagesEast by a belt of German language ... Indo European fam2 Balto Slaviclanguages Balto Slavic fam3 SlaviclanguagesSlavic child1 Eastern South Slavic child2 Western South Slavic iso5 zls South Slaviclanguages sidebar The South Slaviclanguages comprise one of three branches of the Slaviclanguages . There are approximately 30 million ... language Church Slavonic traditions. Classification The South Slaviclanguages constitute a dialect .... ref cite book author Roland Sussex title The Slaviclanguages pages 43 44 location Cambridge ... languages in Europe alt Map of Europe indicating where Slaviclanguages are spoken The Slaviclanguages are part of the Balto Slavic group, which belongs to the Indo European languages Indo European language family. The South Slaviclanguages have been considered a Genetic linguistics genetic ... Slaviclanguages are shared with the Eastern Slavic group, but not the Western Slavic. These include ... Slavic colspan 3 West Slavic colspan 3 EastSlavic c psl Proto Slavic language Late Proto Slavic ..., however, and are shared with some languages of the Eastern and Western Slavic language groups ..., the classifications are arbitrary to some degree. Dialectal classification South Slaviclanguages ... Slaviclanguages Bulgarian dialects Eastern Bulgarian dialects Western Bulgarian dialects includes ... see also Dialects of Macedonian language Transitional South Slaviclanguages Torlakian dialect ... the Central and Eastern groups of South Slaviclanguages. Torlakian is thought to fit into the Balkan ... rather than genetic relation. Western group of South Slaviclanguages History Each of these primary ... and dialects of the western group of South Slaviclanguages table class wikitable Dialect Sub Dialect ... to the verb to be , which is used as the auxiliary in all other Slaviclanguages see also Macedonian ... 150 840 7 language Croatian citation title The Slaviclanguages first1 Roland last1 Sussex author1 ... more details
main Proto Slavic language Wiktionary Appendix Swadesh lists for Slaviclanguages Once it split off from Proto Indo European language Proto Indo European , the proto Slavic period probably encompassed ... ref Proto Slavic and its development into today s Slaviclanguages have been reconstructed using the comparative ... there is no phonetic data. Table class wikitable SlavicLanguages align center rowspan 2 Translation rowspan 2 Late Proto Slavic colspan 2 Russian language Russian colspan 2 Bulgarian language Bulgarian ... Slavic, dialectal variation became more apparent. Some dialects such as Proto EastSlavic , applied ... character of the palatalizations was uniform throughout Common Slavic and that West Slaviclanguages ... of EastSlavic, and some western parts of South Slavic g lenited from a voiced velar plosive ... not occur in a number of EastSlavic dialects such as Belarussian and South Russian until after the application ... See also Wiktionary Appendix Swadesh lists for Slaviclanguages DEFAULTSORT Swadesh List Of SlavicLanguages Category Language phonologies Category Slaviclanguages Category Slavic words and phrases ... only several centuries of rapid change occurred before the breakup of Slavic linguistic unity. Slavic ... the evolution of languages via comparison. It contains a set of 207 basic words which can be found ... center I Unicode j az , j Proto Slavic IPA ja Russian IPA as Bulgarian j IPA ja Czech ja IPA ja Polish IPA jas Macedonian align center thou Unicode ty Proto Slavic IPA t Russian IPA ... Proto Slavic IPA on Russian IPA t j Bulgarian on IPA on Czech on IPA n Polish IPA t j Macedonian align center we Unicode my Proto Slavic IPA m Russian IPA ni Bulgarian my IPA m Czech my IPA m Polish IPA ni Macedonian align center ye Unicode vy Proto Slavic IPA v Russian ... align center they Unicode oni, ony, ona Proto Slavic IPA n i Russian IPA t Bulgarian ... this Unicode t Proto Slavic IPA t Russian IPA to va Bulgarian toto IPA toto Czech ... more details
The history of all Bible translations into Slaviclanguages begins with Bible translations into Church Slavonic . Other languages include EastSlavic Old Belarusian File Bible skorina.gif thumb 120px right Bible, published by Francysk Skaryna An effort to produce a version in the vernacular was made by Francysk Skaryna d. after 1535 , a native of Polatsk in Belarus . He published at Prague , 1517 19, twenty two Old Testament books in Old Belarusian language , in the preparation of which he was greatly influenced by the Bohemian Bible of 1506 . Other efforts were made during the 16th and 17th centuries, but the Church Slavonic predominated in all these efforts. For further reference go to http www.pravapis.org art skaryna1.asp Russian main Bible translations into Russian See Russian Synodal Bible See also Archangel Gospel , Russian. And the The Four Gospels Chetveroevangelie Tetraevangelia of Ivan Alexander by Pyotr Mstislavets 1574 1575 Ukrainian main Bible translations into Ukrainian The known history of the Bible translation into Ukrainian began in 16th century with Peresopnytsia Gospels , which included only four Gospels of the New Testament . South Slavic Bulgarian main Bible translations into Bulgarian The Bulgarian Orthodox church continued to use the Old Church Slavonic until the 1940s. In 1835 the British and Foreign Bible Society contracted a Bulgarian monk, Neofit Rilski , who started on a new translation which, in later editions, remains the standard version today. Macedonian main Bible translations into Macedonian Early history of Macedonian translations are closely linked with translations into Bulgarian dialects Bulgarian dialects from 1852. The whole ... Slavic Bible PDF Russia Category Bible translations by language Slavic Category Slaviclanguages ... also unique in the European literature. West Slavic Polish main Bible translations into Polish Bible ... translation from the original languages Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek and remains in wide use. Among ... more details
original research date June 2011 Unreferenced date May 2011 In Slaviclanguages , only one nearly universal type of aspectual opposition forms two grammatical aspects perfective aspect perfective and imperfective aspect imperfective in contrast with English, which has several aspectual oppositions perfect vs. neutral progressive vs. nonprogressive and in the past tense, habitual used to ... vs. neutral . The aspectual distinctions exist on the lexical level speakers have no unique method of forming a perfective verb from a given imperfective one or conversely . Perfective verbs are most often formed by means of prefixes, changes in the root linguistics root , or using a completely different root suppletion . Note, however, that possessing a prefix does not necessarily mean that a verb is perfective. Contrast between a perfective and an imperfective verb may be also indicated by stress, e.g. Russian perfective , imperfective to strew, shower, heap upon something . With a few exceptions each Slavic verb is either perfective or imperfective. Most verbs form strict pairs of one perfective and one imperfective verb with generally the same meaning. However, each Slavic language contains a number of bi aspectual verbs, which may be used as both imperfective and perfective. They are mainly borrowings from non Slaviclanguages, but some native verbs also belong to this group. As opposed to them, mono aspectual verbs are mainly native. There are mono aspectual imperfective verbs without perfective equivalents among others, verbs with the meaning to be and to have as well ... time . Most simple Polish verbs are imperfective as in other Slaviclanguages , ex ... verbs such a list is similar in other Slaviclanguages . The example is an imperfective and a perfective ... and ongoing activities. Category Slaviclanguages Category Grammatical aspects .... Aspect in Slavic is a superior category in relation to Grammatical tense tense or Grammatical ... more details
Infobox language name Old EastSlavic nativename rus sk j zyk region Eastern Europe era developed into the various EastSlaviclanguages familycolor Indo European fam2 Balto Slaviclanguages Balto Slavic fam3 SlaviclanguagesSlavic fam4 EastSlaviclanguagesEastSlavic iso3 orv notice IPA Old EastSlaviclanguagesEastSlavic , Old Russian ref cite web title Documentation for ISO .... Each of these languages preserves much of the Old EastSlavic grammar and vocabulary. When after ... See also Belarusian language History of the EastSlaviclanguages History EastSlaviclanguages Russian ..., Old East Category EastSlaviclanguages Category Belarusian language Category Russian language Category ... from each three EastSlavic countries tend to treat Old EastSlavic as the straight predecessor ... the newly evolving EastSlavic from other Slavic dialects. For instance, Common Slavic Grad Slavic ... as liquid metathesis South Slaviclanguages South Slavic and Czech language Czecho Slovak language ... to rule Unicode , modern Uk , R . South Slaviclanguages South ... copy of 1790 and the first edition of 1800, and in all subsequent scholarly editions. Old EastSlavic Literature The Old EastSlavic language developed a certain literature of its own, though much of it in hand with those of the Slaviclanguages that were, after all, written down was influenced as regards ... EastSlavic literary monument. Since the account of its find and eventual fate several photographs ... dated specimen of Old EastSlavic or, rather, of Church Slavonic with pronounced EastSlavic interference ... , the hero of so much of EastSlavic popular poetry. This subtle and graceful oration admirably conforms ... to be found in early EastSlavic literature, starting with the two Lives of Sts Boris and Gleb ... the sermons of bishop Cyril of Turov , which are attempts to imitate in Old EastSlavic the florid ... lives. Of the whole bulk of the Old EastSlavic literature, the Lay is the only work familiar to every ... more details
The Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies ASEEES is a scholarly society dedicated to the advancement of knowledge about the former Soviet Union including Eurasia and Eastern Europe ... its name from the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies AAASS to the Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies ASEEES , effective in 2010. Organizational history ..., effective in 2010, to the Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies ASEEES . The ASEEES ... Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies Individual Membership. Retrieved Aug. 26, 2010. ref See also American Association of Teachers of Slavic and Eastern European Languages American ... Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies official website http www.aseees.org about bylaws.html Bylaws of the Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies http www.slavicreview.illinois.edu Slavic Review Homepage DEFAULTSORT Association For Slavic, East European, And Eurasian ... and territories within this area and publishes a quarterly journal, Slavic Review. The organization ... Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, in Canadian Slavonic Papers, VII. Toronto University of Toronto Press, 1965 pg. 13. ref By the mid 1950s, specialists in Slavic Studies began to constitute ... Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies AAASS in 1961. ref name JB13 The organization grew ..., The American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, pg. 14. ref From the outset the AAASS published its own quarterly peer review ed journal, Slavic Review successor to the American Slavic and East European Review, a scholarly magazine launched in 1941 by John Hazard of Columbia University ... Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, pp. 14 15. ref Annual conventions The AAASS ..., The American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, pg. 15. ref Although the organization ..., ref Berliner, The American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, pg. 16. ref they have ... more details
The American Association of Teachers of Slavic and Eastern European Languages AATSEEL is an academic organization founded in 1941. ref name aatseel site http www.aatseel.org about About AATSEEL . ref AATSEEL holds an annual conference each December and publishes the Slavic and East European Journal SEEJ , a peer reviewed journal of Slavic studies . AATSEEL is currently run by Princeton University professor Caryl Emerson, who will serve until the end of 2010 when University of Pittsburgh professor Nancy Condee will become President ref http www.aatseel.org executive council ref See also American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies AAASS American Council of Teachers of Russian ACTR External links http www.aatseel.org AATSEEL official site References Reflist DEFAULTSORT American Association Of Teachers Of Slavic And Eastern European Languages Category Academic organizations Category Linguistics organizations US org stub ... more details
Slavic countries Category Rus Category History of Russia Category Ukraine related lists EastSlavic states Category Lists of former countries EastSlavic et Vene v rstiriikide loend es Anexo Antiguos ... or Sclaviniae Veleti Vlachs Wends Early Middle Ages ca 800 1097 See Slavicisation , Slavic peoples , East Slavs , West Slavs , South Slavs File Kievan Rus historical map 980 1054.jpg thumb center ... Ukraine Belarus Historical states of Italy Historical states of Germany List of Medieval Slavic ... more details
Wiktionary Slav , Slavic or Slavonic may refer to Slavic peoples SlaviclanguagesSlavic mythology Slavic names Slavic surnames the Church Slavonic language , and its earliest form, the Old Church Slavonic language Slav village , a former Israeli settlement in the Gaza Strip The Slav Defense , a chess opening See also Slavonia , a region in eastern Croatia Slavyansky Disambig Category Slavic de Slawisch es Eslavo fa fr Slave gl Slave it Slavo he hu Szl vok no Slavisk ... more details
Infobox language family name East Bird s Head region Papua Indonesian province Papua familycolor Papuan fam1 Extended West Papuan ? fam2 nowrap East Bird s Head Sentani languagesEast Bird s Head Sentani child1 Mantion child2 Meax sil 1567 16 The East Bird s Head languages form a language family of three languages in the Bird s Head Peninsula of western New Guinea , spoken by only 20,000 people in all. Stephen Wurm identifies the subdivisions of his Papuan classification as families on the order of the Germanic languages , stocks on the order of the Indo European languages , and phyla on the order of the Nostratic hypothesis . East Bird s Head is a stock in this terminology. A language that is not related to any other at a family level, such as Greek within Indo European, will be called an language isolate isolate in this scheme. Classification East Bird s Head stock 3 languages Mantion language Mantion Manikion isolate Meax languages Meax family Meax language Meax , Meninggo language Meninggo Moskona ? Saponi language Saponi contradictory evidence See also Papuan languages DEFAULTSORT East Bird s Head Languages Category Language families Category Languages of Indonesia Category West Papuan languages Category Western New Guinea br Yezho East Bird s Head de East Bird s Head fr Langues East Bird s Head Sentani ko hr East Bird s Head jezici pms Lenghe east bird s head ... more details
Infobox language family name East Fijian region Fiji familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Central Pacific languages Central Pacific child1 Fijian language Fijian child2 Gone Dau language Gone Dau child3 Lauan language Lauan child4 Lomaiviti language Lomaiviti The East Fijian languages are a subgroup of the Central Pacific languages Central Pacific Fijian Polynesian languages. They are four Fijian language Fijian , Gone Dau language Gone Dau , Lauan language Lauan and Lomaiviti language Lomaiviti all spoken within Fiji . The West Fijian languages are more closely related to Rotuman language Rotuman and to the Polynesian languages Polynesian than they are to East Fijian. citation needed date February 2012 External links http www.ethnologue.com show family.asp?subid 92033 Ethnologue report for East Fijian Category Languages of Fiji au lang stub Fiji stub fr Langues fidjiennes orientales hr Isto nofid ijski jezici mk ... more details
Infobox language family name East Barito altname region south Borneo , Madagascar familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Barito languages Barito The East Barito languages are a group of a dozen Dayak languages Dayak Austronesian languages Austronesian languages of Borneo , and most famously Malagasy language Malagasy , the national language of Madagascar . They are named after the Barito River . The languages are, Central South Dusun Deyah language Dusun Deyah South Dusun Malang language Dusun Malang , Dusun Witu language Dusun Witu , Ma anyan language Ma anyan , Paku language Paku Malagasy language Malagasy incl. Bushi language Bushi on Mayotte North Lawangan language Lawangan , Tawoyan language Tawoyan Several of the languages are named Dusun because they are spoken by the Dusun people they are not to be confused with the Dusunic languages , which are also spoken by the Dusun. Category Barito languages au lang stub fr Langues barito orientales hr Isto nobaritski jezici it Lingue barito orientali mk nl Oost talen Barito ... more details
Infobox language family name East Central Maluku altname Ceram Aru region Indonesia familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian MP fam3 Nuclear Malayo Polynesian languages Nuclear MP fam4 Central Eastern Malayo Polynesian languages Central Eastern fam5 child1 Geser languages Geser child2 Banda language Maluku Banda child3 Manipa language Manipa child4 Seram languages Seram ? child5 Aru languages Aru The East Central Maluku languages are a group of Austronesian languages geographically Central Eastern Malayo Polynesian languages spoken on and around the islands of Seram and Aru Islands Aru in the eastern Moluccas . None of the languages have more than about twenty thousand speakers, and several are endangered with extinction. Classification The East Central Maluku languages are traditionally divided into the Banda Geser languages and the forty Seram languages , plus Manipa language Manipa . However, a 2008 analysis of the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database, ref http language.psy.auckland.ac.nz austronesian research.php Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database ref while it supported the existence of the family at a 94 confidence level as long as the Aru languages were also included, only moderately supported the unity of the Seram Ceram languages, at 72 , and poorly supported the unity of Banda Geser languages, at 57 . Manipa was not addressed. The composition of the family thus appears to be something like as follows Banda language Maluku Banda Geser Bati language Indonesia Bati , Geser language Geser , Watubela language Watubela Manipa language Manipa Aru languages Seram languages unity uncertain References Reflist Category Languages of Indonesia Category Central Maluku languages Category Seram Island au lang stub ... more details
Infobox language family name East Strickland region New Guinea familycolor Papuan fam1 Trans New Guinea languages Trans New Guinea sil 2390 16 The East Strickland languages are a language family family of Trans New Guinea languages in the classification of Malcolm Ross . The six languages, Peripheral Fembe language Fembe Agala , Odoodee language Odoodee Tomu , Konai language Konai Central Gobasi language Gobasi Nomad , Kubo language Kubo , Samo language New Guinea Samo are clearly related. References Malcolm Ross Pronouns Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Category East Strickland languages pa lang stub PapuaNewGuinea stub ... more details
Infobox language family name East Kutubuan altname East Kutubu region New Guinea familycolor Papuan fam1 Trans New Guinea languages Trans New Guinea ? child1 Fiwaga language Fiwaga child2 Foi language Foi sil 2392 16 The East Kutubuan languages are a small language family family of Trans New Guinea languages TNG in the classification of Malcolm Ross . There are just two languages, Fiwaga language Fiwaga and Foi language Foi , which are not close to the West Kutubuan languages . These were linked in a Kutubuan family by Franklin and Voorhoeve in 1973, but that position has since been abandoned. Although East Kutubuan has proto TNG vocabulary, Ross considers its inclusion in TNG to be somewhat questionable. References Malcolm Ross Pronouns Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Category East Kutubuan languages pa lang stub PapuaNewGuinea stub ... more details
of the 2nd millennium BC second millennium BCE , East Semitic languages, in particular Akkadian language ... and adopted cuneiform writing. Modern understanding of the phonology of East Semitic languages ... features of West Semitic languages for example, Akkadian language Akk. b l master Proto Semitic language PS. ba al . Also, East Semitic languages do not possess a series of three back fricative ... languages rather than their real absence. The word order in East Semitic may also have been influenced .... References Huehnergard, J. 1995. Semitic Languages. Pp. 2117 2134 in Civilizations of the Ancient Near East . Jack Sasson editor . New York. Semitic languages DEFAULTSORT East Semitic Languages Category East Semitic languages Category Semitic languages ar an Luengas semiticas ...Infobox language family name East Semitic region formerly Mesopotamia familycolor Afro Asiatic fam2 Semitic languages Semitic child1 Akkadian language Akkadian child2 Eblaite language Eblaite The East Semitic languages are one of six fairly uncontroversial divisions of the Semitic languages , the others being Northwest Semitic languages Northwest Semitic , Arabic languages Arabian , Old South Arabian languages Old South Arabian also known as Sayhadic , Modern South Arabian languages Modern South Arabian , and Ethiopic languages Ethiopic . The East Semitic group is attested by two distinct languages, Akkadian language Akkadian and Eblaite language Eblaite , both of which have been long extinct language extinct . They stand apart from other Semitic languages, traditionally called West Semitic, in a number of respects. Historically, it is believed that this linguistic situation came about as speakers of East Semitic languages wandered further east, settling in Mesopotamia during the 3rd millennium ... Semitic languages for example, Akkadian language Akk. ekallu palace temple Proto Semitic language PS ..., the exact phonological make up of the languages is not fully known, and the absence of features ... more details
. Robert Hetzron has suggested that the Rift languages South Cushitic are a part of Lowland East ... links http www.ethnologue.com show family.asp?subid 90096 Ethnologue entry for East Cushitic languages Category East Cushitic languages AfroAsiatic lang stub br Yezho kouchitek ar reter ca Cuix tic ...Infobox language family name Lowland East Cushitic region Ethiopia , Eritrea , Djibouti , Somalia , Kenya familycolor Afro Asiatic fam2 Cushitic languages Cushitic child1 Saho Afar languages Saho Afar child2 Oromo language Oromo Waata language Waata child3 Western Omo Tana languages Western Omo Tana child4 Macro Somali languages Macro Somali child5 ? Konsoid languages Konsoid child6 ? Girirra language Girirra child7 ? Dahalo language Dahalo child8 ? Rift languages Rift child9 ? Ongota language Ongota The Lowland East Cushitic languages comprise two dozen languages of the Cushitic languages Cushitic family within Afro Asiatic languages Afro Asiatic . They are spoken mainly in Djibouti , Eritrea , Ethiopia , and Somalia , and by Cushitic groups in northern Kenya . Lowland East Cushitic is often grouped with Highland East Cushitic languages Highland East Cushitic the Sidamic languages , Dullay languages Dullay , and Yaaku language Yaaku as East Cushitic languagesEast Cushitic , but that group is not well defined and considered dubious. The most prominent Lowland East Cushitic language is Oromo language Oromo , with about 21 million speakers. Other prominent languages include Somali language ... Ma a may also be East Cushitic Tosco 2002 , though the grammatical basis and the other register are Bantu. Unclassified within the Lowland languages are Konsoid languages Konsoid , Girirra language Girirra ... Ongota is an East Cushitic language with a Nilo Saharan substratum that is, that Ongota speakers shifted to East Cushitic from an earlier Nilo Saharan language, traces of which still remain. However, Fleming 2006 considers it to be an independent branch of Afrasiatic. See also Languages of Ethiopia ... more details
Infobox language family name East Zenati altname region North Africa familycolor Afro Asiatic fam2 Berber languages Berber fam3 Northern Berber languages Northern Berber fam4 Zenati languages Zenati East Zenati is a proposed subgroup of the Zenati languages of Tunisia and Libya . Ethnologue 16 includes the following three languages Ghadam s language Ghadames Nafusi language Nafusi in the Nafusa Mountains Sened language Sened extinct Kossman 1999 considers Ghadames and Nafusi to lie in separate branches of Berber they are frequently grouped together as Eastern Berber . Roger Blench Blench 2006 excludes Ghadames. He considers East Zanati to be a dialect cluster , consisting of the following varieties ref http rogerblench.info Language Afroasiatic General AALIST.pdf AA list , Blench, ms, 2006 ref Tmagurt language Tmagurt & Sened language Sened Jerba language Jerba Djerbi Tamezret language Tamezret & Taujjut language Taujjut Matmata Nafusi language Nafusi Zuwara language Zuwara References Reflist Category Berber languages AfroAsiatic lang stub ... more details
DEFAULTSORT East Vanuatu Languages Category East Vanuatu languages Category Languages of Vanuatu ...Infobox language family name East Vanuatu altname reduced region East Vanuatu familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Southern Oceanic languages Southern Oceanic fam5 Vanuatu fam6 Northern Vanuatu languages Northern Vanuatu Two dozen East Vanuatu languages form a group of Southern Oceanic languages . Languages A 2008 analysis of the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database ref http language.psy.auckland.ac.nz austronesian research.php Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database ref included seven East Vanuatu languages. Three, the Paama Ambrym languages , were found to form a separate family. The other four were fully supported as a unit, and fell into two branches Maewo language Maewo Peterara and Raga language Hano Raga Mota language Mota and Mwotlap language Mwotlap The languages traditionally who date November 2010 included in East Vanuatu are, Alo Teqel language Alo Teqel extinct Apma language Apma sc aka Abma Baetora language Baetora Dakaka language Dakaka Dorig language Dorig sc aka Wetamut East Ambae language East Ambae sc aka Lolovoli Hiw language Hiw Koro language Vanuatu Koro Lakon language Lakon sc aka Lakona Lehali language Lehali Lonwolwol language Lonwolwol Lo Toga language Lo Toga sc aka Toga L y p language L y p sc aka Lehalurup Maewo language Maewo sc aka Peterara Mota language Mota Mwerlap language Mwerlap sc aka Merlav Mwesen language Mwesen sc aka Mosina, Vur s Mwotlap language Mwotlap sc aka Motlav North Ambrym language North Ambrym Nume language Nume Port Vato language Port Vato Raga language ... if these actually form a valid group. Phonological, grammatical and lexical data on 17 of these languages ... of the vowels of seventeen northern Vanuatu languages journal Oceanic Linguistics volume 44 issue ... AF field.htm Map and information on the 17 Torres & Banks languages . http justus.anglican.org ... more details
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