an ecotone that could have been formed by an animal modifying its environment. An ecotone is a transition ... last Smith year 1974 publisher Harper & Row pages 251 isbn 0065009762 ref An ecotone may appear on the ground ... as a sharp boundary line. The word ecotone was coined from a combination of eco logy plus tone , from ... of the ecotone as far as their ability to maintain themselves allows. Beyond this competitors of the adjacent community take over. As a result the ecotone represents a shift in dominance. Ecotones ... a short distance. The ecotone contains not only species common to the communities on both sides ... broader range of suitable environmental conditions or ecological niche s. Ecotones and ecoclines An ecotone .... The ecotone and ecocline concepts are sometimes confused an ecocline can signal an ecotone chemically ... variations in density of water induced by temperature or salinity . an ecotone describes ... physical factor separating an ecosystem from another, with resulting habitat variability. An ecotone is often unobtrusive and harder to measure. Examples The Kra ecotone between 11 N and 13 N ... of a regional scale ecotone. ref name HoA2011 cite book last Smith first D. R. title Honeybees ... 20faunal 20transition.pdf ref Population genetics studies have also found that the Kra ecotone ... more details
Ecotone may refer to Ecotone , transition area between two adjacent ecological communities ecosystems Ecotone journal , Ecotone Reimagining Place , literary journal published at the University of North Carolina Wilmington . Ecotone Six Feet Under episode , the title of Episode 509 of Six Feet Under TV series Six Feet Under . disambig ... more details
File Mixed grass prarie Fort Smith Montana.jpg thumb Mixed grass prairie around the Afterbay near Fort Smith, Montana A Mixed grass prairie is an ecotone which located between the tall grass and short grass prairies, the mixed grass prairie is richer in ecological diversity than either the tall or short grass prairie. The mixed grass prairie occurs in the central portion of the Great Plains varying in width from central Texas in the United States up into southeastern Manitoba , Alberta and Saskatchewan in Canada . ref G. E. Wickens Ecophysiology of economic plants in arid and semi arid lands p.76 ref References references coord missing Category Great Plains Category Plains of Canada Category Plains of the United States Category Physiographic provinces Category Regions of the Western United States ... more details
Park tundra was a plant community that occurred in northwestern Europe after the last ice age ended. The community was similar to that found today at the ecotone boundary between tundra and taiga in Siberia ref name Clark cite book title Prehistoric Europe the economic basis first Grahame last Clark publisher Taylor&Francis year 1968 page 13 ref species included the dwarf birch and the Salix herbacea least willow . ref name Huddart cite book title Earth Environments Past, Present and Future first1 David last1 Huddart first2 Tim last2 Stott page 853 publisher John Wiley&Sons year 2010 ref Park tundra stretched as far south as the Alps and the Pyrenees . ref name Clark Park tundra was common during the colder post glacial periods, such as the Older Dryas 12,000 10,000 BCE and the Younger Dryas 8800 8300 BCE . ref name Huddart References reflist Category Tundra Category Flora of Europe geo term stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Tetracis pallidata image image width 240px image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Geometridae tribus genus Tetracis species T. pallidata binomial Tetracis pallidata binomial authority Ferris, 2009 synonyms Tetracis pallidata is a moth of the Geometridae family. It is found in British Columbia , Idaho and Washington U.S. State Washington . Habitats are mixed riparian forest cottonwood with aspen and willows intermingled with choke cherry in sage shrub steppe, riparian in the ecotone between ponderosa pine and shrub steppe, and in Owyhee County in Idaho, sage shrub steppe with juniper and mountain mahogany Cercocarpus ledifolius . The length of the forewings 20 23 mm. Adults are on wing from mid September into early October. Larvae have been reared on Ribes species. External links http www.mapress.com. zootaxa 2010 f zt02347p036.pdf Revision of the North American genera Tetracis Guen e and synonymization of Synaxis Hulst with descriptions of three new species Lepidoptera Geometridae Ennominae Category Tetracis Ourapterygini stub vi Tetracis pallidata ... more details
Taxobox regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Pyralidae genus Cnephidia genus authority mile Louis Ragonot Ragonot , 1893 ref name Pyraloidea db cite web url http globiz.pyraloidea.org Pages Reports TaxonReport.aspx title World Pyraloidea Database publisher Globiz.pyraloidea.org date accessdate 2011 09 29 ref species C. kenteriella binomial Cnephidia kenteriella binomial authority Ragonot, 1893 synonyms Cnephidia is a genus of Pyralidae snout moths . It was described by Ragonot in 1893, and contains the species C. kenteriella . ref name Pyraloidea db It is found in Siberia . ref http www.sevin.ru Rus Mon 10 Vol 201 20Session 206 20A.pdf Floristic, Faunistic And Biogeocenotic Diversity In The Ecotone Zone Of Southeren Siberia And Central Asia ref References reflist Category Phycitinae Category Monotypic arthropod genera Pyralidae stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Image Stipa lessingiana habitat.jpg thumb 300px Forest steppe landscape on the Volga Upland near the city of Saratov , Russia. Image Sandberg 07.jpg thumb 300px Dev n forest steppe in Slovakia A forest steppe is a temperate climate ecotone and habitat type composed of grassland interspersed with areas of woodland or forest . Locations Forest steppe primarily occurs in a forest steppe belt belt of forest steppes across northern Eurasia from the eastern European Ural Mountains to eastern Siberia in northeast Asia . It forms transition ecoregions between the temperate grasslands and temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome s. In upper North America another example of the forest steppe ecotone is the aspen parkland , in the central Prairie Provinces , northeastern British Columbia , and North Dakota . It is the transition ecoregion from the Great Plains prairie and steppe temperate grasslands to the Taiga biome forests in the north. In central Asia the forest steppe ecotone is found in ecoregions in the mountains of the Iranian Plateau , in Iran , Afghanistan , and Baluchestan . Forest steppe ecoregions East European forest steppe forms a transition between the Central European mixed forests Central European and Sarmatic mixed forests to the north and the Pontic Caspian steppe to the south. It extends from Romania in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east. The Kazakh forest steppe lies east of the Urals, between the West Siberian broadleaf and mixed forests and the Kazakh steppe . Altai montane forests and forest steppe South Siberian forest steppe Selenge Orkhon forest steppe The Daurian forest steppe lies between the Trans Baikal conifer forests and East Siberian Taiga to the north and the Mongolian Manchurian grassland to the south. Zagros Mountains forest steppe Elburz Range forest steppe Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe Kuhrud Kohbanan Mountains forest steppe Aspen parkland Canadian Aspen forests and parklan ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 An environmental gradient is a gradual change in abiotic factors through space or time . Environmental gradients can be related to factors such as altitude, temperature, depth, ocean proximity and soil humidity. Species Abundance ecology abundance s usually change along environmental gradients in a more or less predictive way. However, the species abundance along an envronmental gradient is not only determined by the abiotic factor but, also by the change in the biotic interaction s along the environmental gradient. At an ecotone , species Abundance ecology abundance s change relatively quick compared to the environmental gradient. The species distribution along environmental gradients has been studied intensively due to large databases of species presence data e.g. Global Biodiversity Information Facility GBIF Environmental Gradients are linked to Connectivity and natural disturbance when considering river systems. A river restoration scheme must consider all of these factors before undertaking a program as these three factors are what leads to a larger biodiversity. Each species are not found in every type of habitat or in every part of the world. Within the environment there are multiple factors which affects organisms. The organisms in the polar region can not survive the climate at the equator. See also Biome , cline biology , thermocline . DEFAULTSORT Environmental Gradient Ecology stub Category Ecology ... more details
This article was auto generated by User Polbot . taxobox status EN status system IUCN2.3 regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Rosids ordo Malvales familia Dipterocarpaceae genus Anisoptera species A. grossivenia binomial Anisoptera grossivenia binomial authority V. Sl. Anisoptera grossivenia is a species of plant in the Dipterocarpaceae family. The name grossivenia is derived from Latin grossus an unripe fig and venius veined and refers to the purple lateral veins of the leaf blade. A. grossivenia is a tall emergent tree, up to 60 m, found in mixed dipterocarp forest and its ecotone to kerangas forests Ashton 2004 . It is Endemism endemic to Borneo . It occurs in at least two protected areas Bako National Park and Lambir National Park , elsewhere it is endangered due to habitat loss. References Ashton, P. 1998. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 33717 all Anisoptera grossivenia . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 20 August 2007. References Ashton, P.S. Dipterocarpaceae. In Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak, Volume 5, 2004. Soepadmo, E., Saw, L.G. and Chung, R.C.K. eds. Government of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ISBN 983 2181 59 3 Category Anisoptera grossivenia Category Endangered plants Dipterocarpaceae stub vi Anisoptera grossivenia ... more details
Taxobox name Dendroplex image Straight billed Woodcreeper.jpg image caption Straight billed Woodcreeper regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Aves ordo Passeriformes familia Furnariidae subfamilia Dendrocolaptinae tribus Dendrocolaptini genus Dendroplex genus authority William John Swainson Swainson , 1827 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Dendroplex kienerii br Dendroplex picus Dendroplex is a genus of bird in the woodcreeper subfamily Dendrocolaptinae . It was long merged into Xiphorhynchus , but its distinctness was recently validated. ref Aleixo, A., S. M. S. Gregory & J. Penhallurick. 2007. Fixation of the type species and revalidation of the genus Dendroplex Swainson, 1827 Dendrocolaptidae . Bull. B. O. C. 127 242 246. ref ref Aleixo, A. 2002. Molecular systematics and the role of the v rzea terra firme ecotone in the diversification of Xiphorhynchus Woodcreepers Aves Dendrocolaptidae . Auk 119 621 640. ref It contains the following species Straight billed Woodcreeper , Dendroplex picus Zimmer s Woodcreeper , Dendroplex kienerii formerly Xiphorhynchus necopinus References Reflist Category Dendroplex Category Genera of birds Furnariidae stub br Dendroplex ca Dendroplex es Dendroplex hu Dendroplex nl Dendroplex pl Dendroplex ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Dira jansei image image width 240px image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Nymphalidae tribus Satyrini genus Dira butterfly Dira species D. jansei binomial Dira jansei binomial authority Swierstra, 1911 synonyms Leptoneura jansei small Swierstra, 1911 small ref http www.nic.funet.fi pub sci bio life insecta lepidoptera ditrysia papilionoidea nymphalidae satyrinae dira index.html Dira , Site of Markku Savela ref Janse s Widow Dira jansei is a butterfly of the Nymphalidae family. It is found on wooded hillsides in the savanna grassland ecotone in the Limpopo Province s Strydpoortberg and Drakensberg and from the Makapans Cave to Mariepskop. The wingspan is 48 55 mm for males and 52 58 mm for females. Adults are on wing from late February to mid March. There is one generation per year ref Woodhall, S. Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa, Cape Town Struik Publishers, 2005. ref The larvae feed on various Poaceae species, including Ehrharta erecta and Pennisetum clandestinum . References Reflist wikispecies commons Category Satyrini Satyrinae stub vi Dira jansei ... more details
The Best American Short Stories 2008 , a volume in The Best American Short Stories series , was edited by Heidi Pitlor and by guest editor Salman Rushdie . ref Pitor, Heidi and Rushdie, Salman editors , The Best American Short Stories 2008 Houghton Mifflin, New York, 2008. ref Short Stories included Author Story Where story previously appeared T. C. Boyle Admiral Harper s Magazine Kevin Brockmeier The Year of Silence Ecotone journal Ecotone Karen Brown author Karen Brown Galatea Crazyhorse magazine Crazyhorse Katie Chase Man and Wife The Missouri Review Danielle Valore Evans Danielle Evans Virgins Paris Review Allegra Goodman Closely Held Ploughshares A. M. Homes May We Be Forgiven Granta Nicole Krauss From the Desk of Daniel Varsky Harper s Magazine Jonathan Lethem The King of Sentences The New Yorker Rebecca Makkai The Worst You Ever Feel Shenandoah magazine Shenandoah Steven Millhauser The Wizard of West Orange Harper s Magazine Daniyal Mueenuddin Nawabdin Electrician The New Yorker Alice Munro Child s Play Harper s Magazine Miroslav Penkov Buying Lenin The Southern Review Karen Russell author Karen Russell Vampires in the Lemon Grove Zoetrope George Saunders Puppy The New Yorker Christine Sneed Quality of Life The New England Review Bradford Tice Missionaries The Atlantic Monthly Mark Wisniewski Straightaway The Antioch Review Tobias Wolff Bible The Atlantic Monthly Other notable stories In his introduction to the volume, Rushdie named several other writers whom he said that he was sad to have left out including Andre Aciman , David Foster Wallace , Rick DeMarinis, Beverly Jensen , Erin Soros, Shena McAuliffe, Brendan Mathews and Andrew Sean Greer . Among the other notable writers whose stories were among the 100 Other Distinguished Stories of 2007 were Daniel Alarcon , Jacob M. Appel Jacob Appel , John Barth , Stuart Dybek , Mary Gordon writer Mary Gordon , Marjorie Kemper, Stephen King , Molly McNett, Antonya Nelson , Jim Shepard , Melanie Rae Thon and John Up ... more details
The Fish Slough Area of Critical Environmental Concern is a Slough located near Bishop, California Bishop , California on the western side of the Chalfant Valley or north Owens Valley . Its convert 36000 acre were designated as an Area of Critical Environmental Concern ACEC in 1982. The ACEC is an oasis in the middle of the otherwise arid volcanic tableland. Plants and biomes The ACEC is located in the ecotone transition zone between the Mojave Desert and Great Basin biomes . One plant, Fish Slough milk vetch Astragalus lentiginosus var. piscinensis , ref PLANTS symbol ASLEP3 taxon Astragalus lentiginosus var. piscinensis ref is not found anywhere outside of the Fish Slough ACEC. The Calochortus striatus Alkali Mariposa Lily Calochortus striatus is also a rare plant found in the ACEC. References reflist External links cite web title Fish Slough Area of Critical Environmental Concern url http www.recreation.gov recAreaDetails.do?contractCode NRSO&recAreaId 1136&agencyCode 126 publisher Recreation.gov cite web title Fish Slough Area of Critical Environmental Concern url http www.blm.gov ca st en fo bishop acec fishslough caso.html publisher National Landscape Conservation System , Bureau of Land Management coord 37.46908 N 118.40086 W format dms region US CA display title aproximate coordinates Category Natural history of the Mojave Desert Category Protected areas of California Category Protected areas of the Southern California area Category Protected areas of the Mojave Desert Category Ecology of the Sierra Nevada Category Protected areas of Inyo County, California InyoCountyCA geo stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Forest savanna mosaic is a transitory ecotone between the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests tropical moist broadleaf forests of Equatorial Africa and the drier savannas and open woodlands to the north and south of the forest belt. The forest savanna mosaic consists of drier forests, often gallery forest , interspersed with savanna s and open grassland s. Ecoregions The World Wildlife Fund recognizes several distinct forest savanna mosaic ecoregion s The Guinean forest savanna mosaic is the transition between the Upper Guinean forests Upper and Lower Guinean forests of West Africa and the West Sudanian savanna . The ecoregion extends from Senegal on the west to the Cameroon Highlands on the east. The Dahomey Gap is a region of Togo and Benin where the forest savanna mosaic extends to the coast, separating the Upper and Lower Guinean forests. The Northern Congolian forest savanna mosaic lies between the Congolian forests of Central Africa and the East Sudanian savanna . It extends from the Cameroon Highlands in the west to the East African Rift in the east, encompassing portions of Cameroon , Central African Republic , Democratic Republic of the Congo , and southwestern Sudan . The Western Congolian forest savanna mosaic lies southwest of the Congolian forest belt, covering portions of southern Gabon , southern Republic of the Congo , western Democratic Republic of the Congo , and northwestern Angola . The Southern Congolian forest savanna mosaic lies east of the Western Congolian forest savanna mosaic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, separating the Congolian forests to the north from the Miombo woodlands to the south. The Victoria Basin forest savanna mosaic lies to the east and north of Lake Victoria in East Africa , and is surrounded on the east and west by the montane forests of the East African Rift s Western and Eastern arcs. The ecoregion covers much of Uganda , extending into portions of eastern ... more details
Taxobox name Bronze tailed Plumeleteer image Chalybura urochrysia male taxobox.jpg status LC status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Bird Aves ordo Apodiformes familia Trochilidae genus Chalybura species C. urochrysia binomial Chalybura urochrysia binomial authority John Gould Gould , 1861 The Bronze tailed Plumeleteer Chalybura urochrysia is a large hummingbird resident from eastern Honduras to northwestern Ecuador . It is also known as the Red footed Plumeleteer , as the Costa Rica n subspecies C. u. melanorrhoa has a black, not bronze, tail. This bird inhabits forest s, but has a preference for ecotone edges , gaps and secondary growth . It occurs in the Caribbean lowlands, typically up to an elevation of 700 metres. The nest is a deep cup of plant fibres less than 1.5 metres high in a small shrub. The female alone incubates the two white eggs. The Bronze tailed Plumeleteer is 11 cm long and weighs 6 g female or 7 g male . The male has bronze green upperparts, glittering green underparts, a dusky lower belly and a bronzed or purple black tail depending on subspecies. The female has bronze green upperparts, grey underparts, including the lower belly, green speckling on the flanks and grey corners to the dusky bronze tail. Both sexes have pink or red feet. Young birds resemble the adult, but have buff feather tips to the head, neck and rump feathers. The Red footed Plumeleteer has a high metallic chip call, and the male s song is a soft ter pleeleeleelee ter pleeleeleelee ter pleeleeleelee ter pleee . This hummingbird is aggressive, territorial, and usually dominant. The male will defend large clumps of Heliconia and other large flowers. References Stiles and Skutch, A guide to the birds of Costa Rica ISBN 0 8014 9600 4 Category Chalybura fr Colibri queue bronz e sv Bronsstj rtskolibri ... more details
Taxobox name Western Yellow Robin image Eopsaltria griseogularis.jpg status LC status system IUCN3.1 status ref ref name iucn IUCN2007 assessors BirdLife International year 2004 id 106005488 title Eopsaltria griseogularis downloaded 2008 08 24 ref regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Aves ordo Passeriformes familia Petroicidae genus Eopsaltria species E. griseogularis binomial Eopsaltria griseogularis binomial authority John Gould Gould , 1838 synonyms The Western Yellow Robin Eopsaltria griseogularis is a species of bird in the Petroicidae family. It is Endemism endemic to Australia , and sometimes known overseas as the Grey breasted Robin . Its natural habitat s are temperate forest s, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, and Mediterranean type shrubby vegetation. Habitat The Western Yellow Robin very selectively occupies sites according to habitat attributes at various spatial scales. At microhabitat scale, they prefer to occupy high density canopy, leaf litter and logs than in unoccupied sites, whereas on landscape scale occupies sites away from the woodland agricultural ecotone. Studies have showed that the main reason behind this is higher abundance of leaf litter prey and prey associated with logs compared with more open sites with a low canopy density and low log density. ref cite web url http www.publish.csiro.au paper MU03022.htm title Habitat selection of the Western Yellow Robin Eopsaltria griseogularis in a Wandoo woodland, Western Australia author Cousin date 2004 ref References reflist Petroicidae stub Category Eopsaltria Category Birds of Australia es Eopsaltria griseogularis fr Miro poitrine grise hu Eopsaltria griseogularis pt Eopsaltria griseogularis sv V stlig gulsydhake ... more details
The North Saharan steppe and woodlands is a desert ecoregion, in the Deserts and xeric shrublands biome , that forms the northern edge of the Sahara, adjacent to the Mediterranean Maghreb and Cyrenaica ecoregions of the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub Biome. File Oued massa.JPG thumb right Souss Massa National Park in Morocco Winter rains sustain shrublands and dry woodlands that form a ecotone transition between the Mediterranean climate regions to the north and the hyper arid Sahara desert ecoregion Sahara proper to the south. The North Saharan steppe and woodlands covers convert 1,675,300 km2 sqmi sp us in Algeria , Egypt , Libya , Mauritania , Morocco , Tunisia , and Western Sahara . References and external links http www.worldwildlife.org wildworld profiles terrestrial pa pa1321 full.html North Saharan steppe and woodlands WWF Scientific Report Ecoregion stub Category Deserts and xeric shrublands Category Ecoregions of Africa Category Ecoregions of Algeria Category Ecoregions of Egypt Category Ecoregions of Libya Category Ecoregions of Morocco Category Ecoregions of Tunisia Category Ecoregions of Western Sahara Category Flora of North Africa Category Palearctic ecozone Category Geography of Algeria Category Geography of Egypt Category Geography of Libya Category Geography of Mauritania Category Geography of Morocco Category Geography of Tunisia Category Geography of Western Sahara Category Flora of Morocco Category Flora of the Sahara Category Flora of Algeria Category Flora of Tunisia Category Flora of Egypt Category Flora of Mauritania Category Flora of Western Sahara Category Flora of Libya es Estepas y bosques nord saharianos eo Nord saharaj stepo kaj maldensarbaroj ... more details
Gallery forests are evergreen forest s that form as corridors along rivers or wetlands and project into landscapes that are otherwise only sparsely treed such as savanna s, grassland s or desert s. Gallery forests are able to exist where the surrounding landscape does not support forests for a number of reasons. The riparian zones in which they grow offer greater protection from fire which would kill tree seedlings ref J. Biddulph and M Kellman, 1998 Fuels and fire at savanna gallery forest boundaries in southeastern Venezuela , Journal of Tropical Ecology 14 ref In addition, the alluvial soils of the gallery habitat are often of higher fertility and better drainage than the soils of the surrounding landscape and have a more reliable water supply at depth. As a result, the boundary between gallery forest and the surrounding woodland or grassland is usually abrupt, with the ecotone being only a few metres wide, ref J. S. Beard, 1955. A Note on Gallery Forests , Ecology 36 2 ref Gallery forests have shrunk in extent worldwide as a result of human activities, including domestic livestock s preventing tree seedling establishment and the construction of dams and weirs causing flooding or interfering with natural stream flow. In addition to these disturbances, gallery forests are also threatened by many of the same processes that Savanna Threats threaten savannas . See also Portal box Environment Ecology Earth sciences Sustainable development Forest savanna mosaic Bosque Riparian forest Riparian zone restoration br References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Gallery Forest Category Riparian Category Forests Category Habitats Category Habitat ecology terminology forestry stub cs Galeriov les de Galeriewald eo Galeria arbaro fr For t galerie it Foresta a galleria lt Galerinis mi kas hu Gal riaerd pl Las galeriowy fi Galleriamets ... more details
italic title taxobox name Soft Corkwood image Caldcluvia paniculosa corky bark.JPG image caption corky bark of Caldcluvia paniculosa at Mount Banda Banda , Willi Willi National Park , Australia regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Rosids ordo Oxalidales familia Cunoniaceae genus Caldcluvia species C. paniculosa binomial Caldcluvia paniculosa binomial authority F. Muell. Hoogl. synonyms Ackama muelleri Benth. Ackama muelleri var. hirsuta Joseph Maiden & Betche Weinmannia paniculosa F.Muell. Ackama paniculata Engl. Caldcluvia paniculosa , known as the Soft Corkwood is a rainforest tree of eastern Australia . It occurs from Ourimbah , Central Coast New South Wales at 33 S to Eungella National Park 20 S in tropical Queensland . Other common names include Corkwood, Rose leaf Marara, Brown Alder and Sugarbark. The habitat of Caldcluvia paniculosa includes riverine, littoral, tropical, subtropical and warm temperate rainforests. It s also found in the ecotone of eucalyptus and rainforests. The tree may be identified in the rainforest by the unusually soft corky bark. Description A medium to large sized tree with a buttressed base. Sometimes over 40 metres tall and in excess of 90 cm wide at the butt. The trunk is cylindrical with soft corky bark, greyish fawn in colour. The base of the tree is usually buttressed. Leaves form in groups of five to seven leaflets, sometimes in threes. Leaves are hairy, opposite and toothed, 5 to 12 cm long. Creamy white flowers form on compound panicle s in November. The fruit is a red capsule, containing a few hairy oval flattened seeds, 1 mm long. The fruit matures from February to June. References references Floyd, A.G., Rainforest Trees of Mainland South eastern Australia , Inkata Press 1989, ISBN 0 909605 57 2 Category Cunoniaceae Category Oxalidales of Australia Category Flora of New South Wales Category Flora of Queensland Category Rosales of Australia Category Trees of Aus ... more details
taxobox image regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Monocots unranked ordo Commelinids ordo Arecales familia Arecaceae subtribus Archontophoenicinae genus Archontophoenix species A. tuckeri binomial Archontophoenix tuckeri binomial authority Archontophoenix tuckeri , the Rocky River palm or Cape York palm is a palm native to Australia . Description Palm to 20 m tall, trunk to 26 cm in diameter and expanded at the base. Leaves about 3 m long with a moderate lateral twist. Crownshaft is green. Pinnae have silver grey scales below and tend to be semi pendulous in the apical 1 3. They lack ramenta on the midrib below. The infiorescence, branched to 3 orders, usually holds the branches erect though they become pendulous in fruit it is usually wider than long and remains green with maturation of the fruit . Flower s are white cream. Staminate flower has 13 19 stamens. Fruit is red brick red at maturity, 17 25 mm long. Fibres in the mesocarp are in two distinct layers, the outer with thin straight fibres, the inner with thick, fiat to 0.3 mm wide, usually held tight in the dried state. It occurs in rainforest, gallery forest, swampforest, mangrove ecotone and moist vine thickets of Cape York Peninsula Cape York Peninsula, Queensland from Mcllwraith Range 14 00 S to Cape York 10 40 S , from sea level to 500 m altitude. This is a variable species which tends to become shorter with smaller leaves in the northern parts of its range. The fruit is large and the two distinct layers of fibres in the mesocarp are unique within the genus. New leaves are often in tones of pink, red or bronze, and the juvenile leaves become proportionately larger than in other species before they commence to divide. References Palm and Cycad Society of Australia http www.pacsoa.org.au palms Archontophoenix tuckeri.html Archontophoenix tuckeri , accessed June 2009. Category Archontophoenix Category Arecales of Australia Category Flora of Queensland Areceae stub Australia plant st ... more details
The Twa peoples Twa of the Kafue Flats wetlands of Zambia are one of several fishing and hunter gatherer caste s living in a patron client relationship with farming Bantu peoples across central and southern Africa. In Southern Province, Zambia Southern Province , where swampy terrain means that large scale crops cannot be planted near the main rivers, only the Twa fish. ref This may once have been true of the entire country, but due to the commercial market for fish, immigrant fishermen now work the north and east of Zambia. ref They exchange their catch for agricultural produce from their Bantu village patrons, the Tonga people of Zambia and Zimbabwe Tonga and perhaps the Ila people Ila , who build villages at the ecotone on the margins of the floodplain, which they call Butwa Twa country . The Kafwe Twa have a dark hut method of fishing unique in Africa. The sides of the river are covered with a thick mat of vegetation. The Twa raise a small reed platform about 3 square at the margin of the vegetation, with a tube in the center down to the water. They cover themselves and the tube with blankets, blocking out light as the adjacent vegetation does and enabling them to see the fish in the river clearly. They then spear the fish with bident and trident spears up to 6 m long, and occasionally longer, depending on the depth of the water. In the 1950s there were several hundred of these platforms raised in the Twa fishing grounds, and catches were reported to be over 100 kg per person per day when the fish were running. Notes references References Lehmann, D. 1977. The Twa People of the Kafue Flats . In Williams & Howard eds. Development and Ecology in the Lower Kafue Basin in the Nineteen Seventies , 41 46. University of Zambia. Smardon, R. 2009. The Kafue Flats in Zambia, Africa A Lost Floodplain? , in Sustaining the world s wetlands . Springer. Stefaniszyn, B. 1974. The material culture of the Ambo of Northern Rhodesia , p. 472. See also Twa people ... more details
taxobox status G4 status system TNC regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Monocots unranked ordo Commelinids ordo Poales familia Poaceae genus Aristida species A. rhizomophora binomial Aristida rhizomophora binomial authority Swallen Aristida rhizomophora is a species of Poaceae grass known by the common name Florida threeawn . It is Endemism endemic to Florida in the United States. ref name ns http www.natureserve.org explorer servlet NatureServe?searchName Aristida rhizomophora Aristida rhizomophora . NatureServe. ref ref name gm http herbarium.usu.edu webmanual info2.asp?name Aristida rhizomophora&type treatment Aristida rhizomophora . Grass Manual Treatment. ref This perennial grass grows from a thick, scaly rhizome . It can form a thick sod . ref name usda http plants.usda.gov factsheet pdf fs arrh.pdf Aristida rhizomophora . USDA NRCS Plant Fact Sheet. ref The unbranched stems reach 80 centimeters ref name ns to one meter in height. ref name gm They are erect and mostly leafless, with most of the leaves at the bases. The leaves are up to 55 centimeters long. The blades are flat or folded, hairless, and light green to yellowish. The panicle shaped inflorescence is narrow, with branches appressed to ascending. The spikelets have one flower each. The awn botany awns may be up to 3 centimeters long. ref name gm This grass grows in wet habitat, such as wet flatwoods and pond margins. ref name gm It may be found in the ecotone between flatwoods and wet prairie habitat. ref name ns References reflist External links http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol ARRH USDA Plants Profile Category Aristida Category Endemic flora of Florida ... more details
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