Edmandegradation , developed by Pehr Edman , is a method of Protein sequencing sequencing amino acids in a peptide . ref Cite journal last Edman first P. year 1950 title Method for determination of the amino acid sequence in peptides journal Acta Chem. Scand. volume 4 pages 283 293 doi 10.3891 acta.chem.scand.04 0283 last2 H gfeldt first2 Erik last3 Sill n first3 Lars Gunnar last4 Kinell first4 Per Olof postscript Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it or change its value to . for the cite to end in a . , as necessary. inconsistent citations . ref In this method, the amino terminal residue chemistry residue is labeled and cleaved from the peptide without disrupting the peptide bonds between other amino acid residues. Mechanism Image EdmanDegradation.png 600px center EdmanDegradation with generic amino acid peptide chain. isothiocyanate Phenylisothiocyanate is reacted with an uncharged terminal amino group, under mildly alkaline conditions, to form a cyclical phenylthiocarbamoyl derivative. Then, under acidic conditions, this derivative of the terminal amino acid is cleaved as a thiazolinone ... of over 99 efficiency per amino acid . An advantage of the Edmandegradation is that it only uses 10 100 pico moles of peptide for the sequencing process. Edmandegradation reaction is automated to speed up the process. ref cite journal author Niall HD title Automated Edmandegradation the protein ... the Edmandegradation proceeds from the N terminus of the protein, it will not work if the N terminal ... blotting membrane for further analysis. Edman degradations can be performed directly from a PVDF membrane ... a Protein of Interest POI . See also Bergmann degradation Dansyl chloride References reflist Category ... Name reactions Category Chemical tests Category Degradation reactions reaction stub ca Degradaci d Edman cs Edmanovo odbour v n de Edman Abbau es Degradaci n de Edman it Degradazione di Edman he nl Edman degradatie ja pl Degradacja Edmana ru zh ... more details
Edman may refer to Erik Edman , born 1978 , Swedish footballer, currently playing for Helsingborgs IF G ran Edman born 1956 , Swedish vocalist Irwin Edman 1896 1954 , American philosopher and professor of philosophy Jens Edman born 1976 , Swedish auto racing driver Johan Edman 1875 1927 , Swedish tug of war competitor who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics Jonas Edman born 1967 , Swedish rifle shooter, specializing in the Prone position Pehr Victor Edman 1916 1977 , Swedish biochemist Phil Edman born 1970 , Australian politician Tore Edman 1904 1995 , Swedish ski jumper who competed in the 1920s See also Edmandegradation , developed by Pehr Edman, is a method of sequencing amino acids in a peptide surname de Edman pt Edman fi Edman sv Edman ... more details
wiktionary degradationDegradation may refer to Biodegradation , the processes by which organic substances are broken down by living organisms Cashiering or degradation ceremony, a ritual performed when cleric is deprived of office or a knight is stripped of the honour Chemical decomposition , the degradation of chemical compounds Corruption philosophical concept Defamation Degradation a song by the Violent Femmes, from Add It Up 1981 1993 Degradation telecommunications , the loss of quality of an electronic signal Elegant degradation , in engineering, the gradual failing of a machine Environmental degradation , in ecology, damage to the ecosystem and loss of biodiversity Graceful degradation, in a fault tolerant system Degradation geology disambiguation ca Degradaci cs Degradace de Degradation et Degradatsioon fr D gradation id Degradasi it Degradazione pl Degradacja sk Degrad cia ... more details
MedalTableTop MedalSport Men s ski jumping MedalWorldChampionships MedalGold 1927 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1927 Cortina d Ampezzo Individual large hill MedalBottom Tore Edman July 25, 1904 &ndash June 16, 1995 was a Sweden Swedish ski jumper who competed in the 1920s. He won a gold medal in the individual large hill at the 1927 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Cortina d Ampezzo . He was born in Arvika . External links FIS S JP ID 15123 name T. Edman Footer World Champions SJ Individual LH Men Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Edman, Tore ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Ski jumper DATE OF BIRTH July 25, 1904 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH June 16, 1995 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Edman, Tore Category 1904 births Category 1995 deaths Category Swedish ski jumpers Sweden skijumping bio stub de Tore Edman fr Tore Edman ja no Tore Edman pl Tore Edman sl Tore Edman fi Tore Edman sv Tore Edman ... more details
MedalTop MedalSport Men s Tug of war at the Summer Olympics Tug of war MedalGold 1912 Summer Olympics 1912 Stockholm Tug of war at the 1912 Summer Olympics Team competition MedalBottom Johan Viktor Edman March 29, 1875 August 19, 1927 was a Sweden Swedish tug of war competitor who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics . He was part of the Swedish team, which won the gold medal in the tug of war competition. External links http www.databaseolympics.com players playerpage.htm?ilkid EDMANJOH01 profile Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Edman, Johan ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH March 29, 1875 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH August 19, 1927 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Edman, Johan Category 1875 births Category 1927 deaths Category Tug of war competitors at the 1912 Summer Olympics Category Olympic tug of war competitors of Sweden Category Olympic gold medalists for Sweden Category Olympic medalists in tug of war Sweden Olympic medalist stub tugofwar bio stub fr Johan Edman it Johan Edman no Johan Edman sv Johan Edman ... more details
Orphan date November 2010 Edman Island coord 66 18 S 110 32 E source GNIS is an island near the center of O Brien Bay , Budd Coast . It was first mapped from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump and Operation Windmill in 1947 and 1948, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Donald H. Edman , an ionospheric scientist and a member of the Wilkes Station party of 1958. ref name gnis See also List of antarctic and sub antarctic islands References Reflist refs ref name gnis cite gnis type antarid id 4321 name Edman Island accessdate 2012 02 23 ref usgs gazetteer id 4321 Category Islands of Antarctica subantarctic geo stub ... more details
BLP sources date February 2008 Infobox football biography playername Erik Edman image File Erik Edman 070822.jpg 200px fullname Erik Kenneth Edman ref name Hugman2009 10 133 Cite book editor first Barry ... 1 pcupdate 23 20, 29 April 2012 Erik Kenneth Edman IPA sv e r k e dm n born 11 November 1978 in Huskvarna ... is a left back, but has also established himself as a centre back. Club career Early career Edman is an experienced left back, who has played for a number of clubs during his career. Edman was a player ... , Edman returned to Sweden and joined AIK Fotboll AIK for one season. After that, SC Heerenveen Heerenveen in the Netherlands brought Edman from Sweden. Tottenham Hotspur In July 2004, Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Tottenham Hotspur signed Edman from Heerenveen. ref cite news title Spurs sign Edman url http ... Broadcasting Corporation date 31 July 2004 accessdate 29 April 2012 ref Edman quickly established ... Pyo , led Edman to make the decision of leaving England. In the last week of August, Spurs accepted ... of Edman url http news.bbc.co.uk sport2 hi football teams t tottenham hotspur 4200094.stm work BBC ... It did not take long for Edman to impress his new manager, Laszlo B l ni , and once again established himself as first choice at left back. Wigan Athletic In January 2008, Edman was signed by Wigan Athletic ... and Edman signings first Giles last Mole url http www.telegraph.co.uk sport football 2289320 Wigan complete Valencia and Edman signings.html work The Daily Telegraph location London date 18 January 2008 accessdate 2 May 2010 ref The arrival of Edman was a good deal for Wigan Athletic, since the club ... 2008, Edman was injured in a match against Blackburn Rovers F.C. Blackburn Rovers , damaging his anterior crutiate ligament in his knee. ref cite news title Injured Edman faces long lay off url ... the rest of Wigan s season, as well as UEFA Euro 2008 Euro 2008 . Edman made his return to the Wigan ... in Roberto Mart nez s starting eleven. Edman played his last game in the Latics 9 1 loss against ... more details
Phillip John Phil Edman born 24 August 1970 is an Australia n politician. Born in Tamworth, New South Wales Tamworth , New South Wales , Edman arrived in Western Australia in 1976. He was a business proprietor before entering politics. He served as a councillor with the City of Rockingham from 2005 until 2009, during which time he received a conviction for drink driving. After unsuccessfully contesting the Australian House of Representatives House of Representatives seat of Division of Brand Brand for the Liberal Party of Australia Liberal Party in the 2004 and 2007 federal elections, he was elected to the Western Australian Legislative Council for Electoral region of South Metropolitan South Metropolitan in 2008. His term commenced on 22 May 2009. ref name wa cite web last Parliament of Western Australia first authorlink Parliament of Western Australia coauthors title Hon. Phillip Phil John Edman MLC work publisher date 2009 url http www.parliament.wa.gov.au web newwebparl.nsf iframewebpages Legislative Council Current Members format doi accessdate 4 June 2009 ref References reflist WACurrentMLCs Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Edman, Phil ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 24 August 1970 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Edman, Phil Category 1970 births Category Living people Category Western Australian Liberal politicians Category Members of the Western Australian Legislative Council ... more details
Irwin Edman November 28, 1896 September 4, 1954 was an United States American philosopher and professor of philosophy. He was born in New York City to Jewish parents. Edman spent his high school years at Townsend Harris High School Townsend Harris Hall , a New York high school for superior pupils. He then attended Columbia University , where he graduated Phi Beta Kappa and earned his bachelor s degree in 1917, and his Ph.D. in 1920. He became a professor of philosophy at Columbia, and during the course of his career he rose to serve as head of the philosophy department. He also served as a visiting lecturer at Oxford University , Amherst College , the University of California , and Harvard and Wesleyan University Wesleyan Universities. The United States Department of State and the Brazilian government in 1945 sponsored a series of lectures he gave in Rio de Janeiro . Edman was known for the charm and clarity of his writing, and for being an open minded critic. He was a popular professor ... Columbia class of 1934 , who dedicated his first novel to Edman. In addition to writing philosophical works, Irwin Edman was a frequent contributor to literary magazines such as The New Yorker , the Atlantic ... , and Horizon magazine Horizon . In 1953, Professor Edman was elected vice president of the National Institute of Arts and Letters . Irwin Edman published many books on philosophy as well as poetry ... 1939 br Candle in the Dark A Postscript to Despair by Edman, Irwin br Don Quixote The Ingenious ... Wikisource text Wikisource has media related to s Author Irwin Edman Irwin Edman http c250.columbia.edu c250 celebrates remarkable columbians irwin edman.html A Tribute to Irwin Edman on Columbia University s website s The Philosophy Of Schopenhauer Edman s introduction to Schopenhauer s main work Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Edman, Irwin ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION ... Edman, Irwin Category 1896 births Category 1954 deaths Category American Jews Category American ... more details
The Bergmann degradation is a series of chemical reaction s designed to remove a single amino acid from the carboxylic acid end of a peptide . ref Bergmann, M. Science 1934 , 79 , 439. ref ref Bergmann, M. Zervas, L. J. Biol. Chem. 1936 , 113 , 341. ref Image Bergmann Degradation Reaction Scheme.png center 600px The Bergmann degradation The acyl azide of a peptide 1 undergoes a Curtius rearrangement in the presence of benzyl alcohol 2 to give a Carboxybenzyl benzyl carbamate 3 . The Cbz group of intermediate 3 is removed by hydrogenolysis to give an unsubstituted amide 4 and an aldehyde 5 . References Reflist See also Curtius rearrangement Edmandegradation reaction stub Category Organic redox reactions Category Rearrangement reactions Category Degradation reactions Category Name reactions ar es Degradaci n de Bergmann nl Bergmann degradatie zh Bergmann ... more details
Edman, Jonas ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Sport shooter DATE OF BIRTH March 4, 1967 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Edman, Jonas Category 1967 births Category Living ... Edman pl Jonas Edman fi Jonas Edman sv Jonas Edman ... more details
Orphan date November 2011 Infobox ice hockey player name Niclas Edman team F rjestads BK league Elitserien prospect team prospect league position Defenceman Defence image caption image size 225px played for height ft 6 height in 3 weight lb 194 shoots Left birth date birth date and age mf yes 1991 3 26 birth place Stockholm , Sweden draft draft team draft year career start 2010 career end Niclas Edman born March 26, 1991 is a Sweden Swedish professional ice hockey player. He played with F rjestads BK in the Elitserien during the 2010 11 Elitserien season . ref http www.eliteprospects.com team.php?team 4&year0 2011&status stats ref References Reflist External links eliteprospects 10540 hockeydb 134443 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Edman, Niclas ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Swedish ice hockey player DATE OF BIRTH March 26, 1991 PLACE OF BIRTH Stockholm , Sweden DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Edman, Niclas Category 1991 births Category F rjestad BK players Category Living people Category Swedish ice hockey players Icehockey player stub ... more details
Jens Edman born 28 December 1976 is a Sweden Swedish auto racing driver. Career Most of his career has been spent in Touring car racing , including the Swedish Touring Car Championship , with a best season finish of third in 2001 Swedish Touring Car Championship season 2001 driving for Flash Engineering in a Volvo S40 . More recently he has competed in the Danish Touring Car Championship , where he also ended the year in third, in the 2005 season. ref http www.driverdb.com drivers 973 Career at driver database. ref In 2006, he entered selected rounds of the F d ration Internationale de l Automobile FIA World Touring Car Championship with a Peugeot 407 for Peugeot Sport Denmark. In 2009, Edman returned to racing back home in Sweden, for Dealer Sport Saab Performance in the STCC. ref name Saab cite web url http www.touringcartimes.com news.php?id 3167 title Saab entry confirmed with Jens Edman accessdate 2009 02 25 Dead link date November 2010 bot H3llBot ref Complete WTCC results Template F1 driver results legend 2 key Races in bold indicate pole position Races in italics indicate fastest lap class wikitable style text align center font size 85 Year Team Car colspan 2 1 colspan 2 2 colspan 2 3 colspan 2 4 colspan 2 5 colspan 2 6 colspan 2 7 colspan 2 8 colspan 2 9 colspan 2 10 Position Points rowspan 2 2006 World Touring Car Championship season 2006 rowspan 2 Peugeot Sport Denmark rowspan 2 Peugeot 407 colspan 2 Autodromo Nazionale Monza MON flagicon Italy colspan 2 Circuit de Nevers Magny Cours MGN flagicon France colspan 2 Brands Hatch BRA flagicon United Kingdom colspan 2 Motorsport Arena Oschersleben OSC flagicon Germany colspan 2 Aut dromo Internacional de Curitiba CUR ... Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Edman, Jens ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 28 December 1976 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Edman, Jens Category Swedish racing ... autoracing bio stub nl Jens Edman ... more details
BLP sources date June 2008 Infobox musical artist See Wikipedia WikiProject Musicians name G ran Edman image caption G ran Edman image size background solo singer birth name alias birth date Birth date and age 1956 4 28 df y death date origin S derhamn , Sweden instrument Vocal music Vocals genre Hard rock Hard Rock , Heavy metal music Heavy Metal occupation Musician years active 1984 present label associated acts John Norum , Yngwie Malmsteen , Street Talk , Time Requiem , Jayce Landberg , Karmakanic ,etc website http www.goranedman.net G ran Edman G ran Edman born 28 April 1956 is a Sweden Swedish vocalist. He is noted for his session work with many artists through the years but mainly for his early work with guitarist Yngwie Malmsteen . He has also recorded with bands and artists such as Brazen Abbot , John Norum , Madison, Karmakanic, Street Talk, Kharma, Crossfade EU , Signum Regis and Richard Andersson among others. In 1986, Edman auditioned for the vocalist slot in the newly formed Vinnie Vincent Invasion . ref http www.goranedman.net pages index.php?page biography Official website ref Discography Madison Diamond Mistress 1984 Best in Show 1986 John Norum Total Control John Norum album Total Control 1987 Live in Stockholm John Norum EP Live in Stockholm 1990 Yngwie Malmsteen ... Collection 2005 Time Requiem Optical Illusion album Optical Illusion 2006 Corin & Edman Roc De Light ..., consisting of Edman as one of the main singers, Tommy Denander , Kee Marcello , Mikkey Dee , John ... edmansworld G ran Edman s Greek World fansite talisman Yngwie Malmsteen Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Edman, Goran ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 28 April 1956 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Edman, Goran Category Swedish heavy metal ... 1956 births Sweden singer stub de G ran Edman it G ran Edman no G ran Edman pt G ran Edman sv G ran Edman ... more details
The Weerman degradation is an organic reaction in carbohydrate chemistry in which an aldonamide derived from an aldonic acid is degraded by sodium hypochlorite , forming a new sugar with one less carbon. The reaction is named after R.A. Weerman ref R. A. Weerman, Rec. Trav. Chim., 37, 16 1917 . ref The reaction mechanism is that of the related Hofmann degradation . One study demonstrated the direct oxidation of glucose to arabinose by the same sodium hypochlorite, skipping the aldonic acid and aldoamide steps. ref cite doi 10.1021 ja01528a042 ref References Reflist See also Curtius rearrangement Hofmann degradation Ruff Fenton degradation Wohl degradation Category Rearrangement reactions Category Carbohydrates Category Degradation reactions Category Name reactions zh Weerman ... more details
Orphan date October 2008 File LogP200.jpg right 200px thumb Flow reaction system for automated forced degradation testing Forced degradation or accelerated degradation is a process whereby the natural degradation rate of a product or material is increased by the application of an additional stress. Introduction Forced degradation studies are used to identify reactions which may occur to degrade a processed product. Usually conducted before final formulation, forced degradation uses external stresses to rapidly screen material stabilities. Longer term storage tests are usually used to measure similar properties when final formulations are involved because of the stringent FDA regulations. These tests are generally more expensive because of the time involved than forced degradation which is therefore used for rapid selection and elimination tests. Common stresses There are a number of common stresses which are used to pH acid base Chemical processes are often catalysed by the presence of acids and bases. The exposure of materials to these can therefore accelerate degradation reactions. Temperature In accordance to Arrhenius equation arrhenius kinetics , increasing temperature increases the rate of any degradation process. Temperature is often used in conjunction with other stresses to increase reaction rates. Oxidation Concentration Light Methodologies Standard methodologies include Wet chemistry methods Flow chemistry Calorimetry HPLC Application Empty section date July 2010 See also Chemical decomposition Thermogravimetric analysis Total productive maintenance External links http www.syrris.com Degradation.aspx Flow chemistry degradation by Syrris Category Chemical engineering ... more details
of Physicians and Surgeons Gold Medal, 1971 br Fellow of the Royal Society 1974 known for Edmandegradation , sequenator Pehr Victor Edman April 14, 1916 March 19, 1977 was a Sweden Swedish biochemistry biochemist . He developed a method for sequencing protein s, the Edmandegradation . Early life Edman was born in Stockholm , Sweden . In 1935 he started studying medicine at Karolinska Institutet ... degree under advice from Professor Erik Jorpes in 1946. Developing the EdmanDegradation At the time Edman started working on Angiotensin, it was just being recognized that proteins are distinct entities ... of Lund . In 1950 he published his first paper using the method later known as Edmandegradation ...Infobox scientist name Pehr Victor Edman image Edman 1968.png caption Taken in 1968 birth date birth date 1916 4 14 mf y birth place Stockholm , Sweden death date death date and age 1977 3 19 1916 4 14 mf y death place Munich , Germany residence Sweden , Australia , United States , Germany nationality Sweden Swedish 1916 65 br Australia n 1965 77 field Molecular Biology Biochemistry work institution ... Edman to develop a method, that could be used to determine the sequence of amino acid s in the protein ... with his second wife, Agnes Henschen , and she used Edman s method to sequence fibrinogen . In 1977 Edman died of a brain tumor after a short coma. External links http www.adb.online.anu.edu.au biogs ... Edman, Pehr Victor ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH April 14, 1916 PLACE OF BIRTH Stockholm , Sweden DATE OF DEATH March 19, 1977 PLACE OF DEATH Munich , Germany DEFAULTSORT Edman, Pehr Victor Category 1916 births Edman, Pehr Category 1977 deaths Edman, Pehr Category People from Stockholm Category Swedish biochemists Edman, Pehr Category Swedish physicians Edman, Pehr Category Karolinska Institutet alumni Edman, Pehr Category Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science Edman Category Fellows of the Royal Society de Pehr Edman he it Pehr Edman sv Pehr Edman ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Elegant degradation is a term used in engineering to describe what occurs to machines which are subject to constant, repetitive stress. Externally, such a machine maintains the same appearance to the user, appearing to function properly. Internally, the machine slowly weakens over time. Eventually, unable to withstand the stress, it breaks down. Compared to Fault tolerant system graceful degradation , the operational quality does not decrease at all, but the breakdown may be just as sudden. This term s meaning varies depending on context and field, and may not be strictly considered exclusive to engineering. ie. if someone knows of different uses, please add them here and possibly other pages See also Fail safe Fail safe Fail soft Category Engineering Category Fault tolerance DEFAULTSORT Elegant Degradation Tech stub ... more details
In telecommunication , degradation , which may be categorized as either graceful degradation graceful or catastrophic , has the following meanings The deterioration in quality, level, or standard of performance of a functional unit . In telecommunication communications , a condition in which one or more of the required performance parameters fall outside predetermined limits, resulting in a lower quality of service . There are several forms and causes of degradation in electric signals, both in the time domain and in the physical domain, including runt pulse , voltage spike , jitter , wander , swim, Drift telecommunication drift , glitch , ringing signal ringing , crosstalk , antenna effect not the same antenna effect as in IC manufacturing , and phase noise . Degradation usually refers to reduction in quality of an analog or digital signal. When a signal is being transmitted or received, it undergoes changes which are undesirable. These changes are called degradation. Degradation is usually caused by Weather or environmental conditions. Terrain Other signals. Faulty or poor quality equipments. Weather conditions A signal has two important factors frequency and wavelength. If weather is fine and temperature is normal, the signal can be transmitted within given frequency and wavelength limits. The signal travels with velocity c 3 10 sup 8 sup m s, which is equal to the speed of light. For frequency f Hz and wavelength m, we have f c . So, when weather conditions deteriorate, frequency f has to be increased. This causes the wavelength to decrease, which means that the signal then travels lesser distance. FS1037C electronics stub Category Digital electronics Category Fault tolerance Category Noise Category Telecommunications terms ... more details
In geology , degradation refers to the lowering of a fluvial surface, such as a stream bed or floodplain , through Erosion erosional processes . ref cite web url http www.esc.nsw.gov.au site Landcare 2 3.asp title Estuarine & Floodplain degradation publisher Eurobodalla Landcare accessdate 2009 08 31 Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref ref cite journal doi 10.1029 WR019i005p01057 title Causes of River Bed Degradation year 1983 author Galay, V. J. journal Water Resources Research volume 19 pages 1057 issue 5 ref It is the opposite of aggradation . Degradation is characteristic of channel networks in which either bedrock erosion is taking place, or in systems that are sediment starved and are therefore entraining more material than is being deposited. When a stream degrades, it leaves behind a fluvial terrace . This can be further classified as a strath terrace a bedrock terrace that may have a thin mantle of alluvium if the river is incising through bedrock. These terraces may often be dated with methods such as cosmogenic radionuclide dating , OSL dating , and Geomagnetic reversal Geomagnetic polarity time scale paleomagnetic dating using reversals in the Earth s magnetic field to constrain the timing of events to find when a river was at a particular level and how quickly it is downcutting. References references cite journal doi 10.1061 ASCE 0733 9429 1986 112 6 497 title Simulation of Missouri River Bed Degradation year 1986 author Holly, Forrest M. journal Journal of Hydraulic Engineering volume 112 pages 497 last2 Karim first2 M. Fazle issue 6 cite journal doi 10.2110 jsr.2005.029 title Discontinuity Bounded Alluvial Sequences of the Southern Gangetic Plains, India Aggradation and Degradation in Response to Monsoonal Strength year 2005 author Gibling, M.R. journal Journal of Sedimentary Research volume 75 pages 369 issue 3 River morphology geology stub geo term stub Category geological processes Category Sedimentology Category Geomorphology Category Fluvial ... more details
The Emde degradation also called Emde reaction or Emde reduction is a method for the Redox reduction of a quaternary ammonium cation to a tertiary amine with sodium amalgam ref H. Emde. Ber deutsch chem Ges 42 1909 p2590 ref ref W P tsch. Lexikon bedeutender Chemiker VEB Bibliographisches Institut Leipzig, 1989 ISBN 3817110553 ref ref M B Smith, J March. March s Advanced Organic Chemistry Wiley, 2001 ISBN 0 471 58589 0 ref Image Emderxn.png center 500px Emde degradation This organic reaction was first described in 1909 by the German chemist Hermann Emde and was for a long time of great importance in structure elucidation of many alkaloid s, for example that of ephedrine . Alternative reducing agent s exist for this reaction for instance, lithium aluminium hydride . See also Related reactions are the Hofmann elimination and the Von Braun reaction References references DEFAULTSORT Emde Degradation Category Organic redox reactions Category Name reactions Category Degradation reactions ar es Reacci n de Emde nl Emde degradatie ja zh ... more details
File Karst following phosphate mining on Nauru.jpg thumb Serious land degradation in Nauru after the depletion of the phosphate cover through mining Land degradation is a process in which the value of the biophysical ... upon the land. ref name rural cite book title Rural Land Degradation in Australia last Conacher first ... land degradation has upon agronomic productivity, the environment, and its effects on food ... Land degradation an overview booktitle Responses to Land Degradation. Proc. 2nd. International Conference on Land Degradation and Desertification publisher Oxford Press location New Delhi, India url http soils.usda.gov use worldsoils papers land degradation overview.html accessdate 2012 02 05 ref ... author Ian Sample format work The Guardian ref Measuring Land degradation is a broad term that can ... degradation and its impact on the environment around it A temporary or permanent decline in the productive ... land degradation is that what one group of people call degradation, others might view as a benefit ... Causes Image Cattle.jpg thumb Overgrazing by livestock can lead to land degradation Land degradation ... outcome of land degradation is a substantial reduction in the productivity of the land. ref cite ... factor in Afghanistan. Agricultural activities that can cause land degradation include shifting cultivation ... factor in Sri Lanka and the dominant one in Bangladesh. The role of population factors in land degradation ... soils. High population density is not always related to land degradation. Rather, it is the practices ... to the land and make it more productive than it is in its natural state. Severe land degradation ... to degradation. These two factors combine to explain the degree of vulnerability. ref name landguide Citation author Stockings, Mike Murnaghan, Niamh. title Land Degradation Guidelines for Field ..., Douglas Lewis, Lawrence. title Land Degradation Creation and Destruction year 2007 location Maryland ... change Significant land degradation from seawater inundation , particularly in river delta s and on low ... more details
The Wohl degradation in carbohydrate chemistry is a chain contraction method for aldose s. ref citation last Wohl first A. authorlink Alfred Wohl title Abbau des Traubenzuckers journal Chem. Ber. year 1893 volume 26 issue 1 pages 730 744 doi 10.1002 cber.189302601150 . ref The classic example is the conversion of glucose to arabinose as shown below. The reaction is named after the chemist Alfred Wohl . Image WohlDegradation.png center 600px The Wohl degradation In one modification, ref OrgSynth first G za last Braun title D Arabinose prep CV3P0101 volume 20 pages 14 year 1940 collvol 3 collvolpages 101 . ref ref OrgSynth first1 H. T. last1 Clarke first2 S. M. last2 Nagy title Pentaacetyl d gluconitrile prep CV3P0690 volume 20 pages 74 year 1940 collvol 3 collvolpages 690 . ref glucose d glucose is converted to the glucose oxime by reaction with hydroxylamine and sodium methoxide . In the second step the pentaacetyl glycononitrile is formed by reaction with acetic anhydride in acetic acid with sodium acetate . In this reaction step the oxime is converted into the nitrile with simultaneous conversion of all the alcohol groups to acetate groups. In the final step sodium methoxide in methanol is added on which the nitrile group is split off as sodium cyanide with formation of a new formyl group. Ruff Fenton degradation In a variation the Ruff Fenton degradation Otto Ruff 1898, O. Fenton 1893 converts the aldose first to the alpha hydroxy carboxylic acid with bromine and calcium hydroxide and then to the shortened aldose by reaction with Iron III sulfate and hydrogen peroxide ref Organic syntheses based on name reactions , Volume 22 Alfred Hassner,C. Stumer ref See also Nef reaction References Reflist Category Carbohydrate chemistry Category Elimination reactions Category Degradation reactions Category Name reactions es Degradaci n de Wohl zh ... more details
be sensitive to UV degradation. Aramid fibres like Kevlar for example are highly UV sensitive and must ... 300px IR spectrum showing carbonyl absorption due to UV degradation of polyethylene The problem can ... degradation in material testing The effects of UV degradation on materials that require a long service ... 63 Years of UV Exposure in 1 Year ref In Solar Power Modules degradation is a long term issue according to material testings the efficiency loss by UV degradation is about 6.81 to 9.54 in 20 years. ref http www.rechner photovoltaik.de rechner solardegradation Degradation Calculator German, translation by Google . ref See also Forensic polymer engineering Polymer degradation Depolymerization ... UV damage to polymers Category Polymers Category Materials degradation Category Ultraviolet ... more details
The Strecker degradation is a chemical reaction which converts an amino acid into an aldehyde by an imine intermediate. It is named after Adolph Strecker , a German chemist. The original observation by Strecker involved the use of alloxan as the oxidant ref cite journal title Notiz ber eine eigenth mliche Oxydation durch Alloxan pages 363&ndash 365 doi 10.1002 jlac.18621230312 first A last Strecker journal Annalen der Chemie volume 123 issue 2 year 1862 ref File Strecker Degradation.png 500px The reaction can take place using a variety of organic and inorganic reagents. ref cite journal title The Strecker Degradation of Amino Acids pages 261&ndash 277 doi 10.1021 cr60156a002 first Alexander last Schonberg coauthors Moubacher, Radwan journal Chem. Rev. volume 50 issue 2 year 1952 ref References reflist Category Organic reactions Category Name reactions Category Degradation reactions de Strecker Abbau fr D gradation de Strecker nl Strecker degradatie ja zh Strecker ... more details
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