In evolution natural evolution and artificial evolution e.g. artificial life and evolutionary computation the fitness biology fitness or performance or objective measure of a Schema genetic algorithms schema is rescaled to give its effective fitness which takes into account crossover genetic algorithm crossover and Mutation genetic algorithm mutation . That is effective fitness can be thought of as the fitness that the schema would need to have in order to increase or decrease as a fraction of the population as it actually does with crossover and mutation present but as if they were not. References http www.cs.ucl.ac.uk staff W.Langdon FOGP Foundations of Genetic Programming Category Evolutionary algorithms evolution stub ... more details
wiktionarypar fitnessFitness may refer to Physical fitness , a general state of good health, usually as a result of exercise and nutrition at the top because it is the more commonly used meaning Fitness biology , an individual s ability to propagate its genes Fitness magazine Fitness magazine , a women s magazine, focusing on health and exercise Fitness and figure competition , a form of physique training, related to bodybuilding Fitness approximation , a method of function optimization evolutionary computation or artificial evolution methodologies Fitness function , a particular type of objective function in mathematics and computer science See also Commons category Fitness FitNesse , a web server, a wiki, and a software testing tool Survival of the fittest disambig fr Fitness homonymie it Fitness fi Fitness sv Fitness ... more details
Fitness model can mean Fitness model person , a person who models, with emphasis on their physique Fitness model network theory , a model of network evolution disambig ... more details
USS Effective may refer to USS Effective AM 92 , was launched 13 June 1942, reclassified PC 1596, 1 June 1944 and decommissioned 9 November 1945. USNS Effective T AGOS 21 , was launched 26 September 1991 and is currently in service. Shipindex DEFAULTSORT Effective Category United States Navy ship names pl USS Effective ... more details
Effective mass may refer to Effective mass solid state physics , a property of an excitation in a crystal analogous to the mass of a free particle Effective mass spring mass system See also Reduced mass disambig Category Physics ... more details
Effective rate may refer to Effective tax rate Effective interest rate disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it from being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Long comment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Fitness bicycle may refer to Stationary bicycle A type of hybrid bicycle which exhibits road bike speed and upright comfort join together for aggressive fitness rides or long commutes. disambig ... more details
Multiple issues wikify December 2010 unreferenced June 2010 Fitness and Me is an educational series of three short films produced in 1984 by Walt Disney Educational to explain fitness. This series was a live action and animated series. 1984 Fitness and Me How to Exercise, a dragon and a knight are used to show the benefit of a fitness program Fitness and Me What is Fitness Exercise?With a good Fairy property explaining the facts of physical exercise a knight Fitness and Me Why Exercise?Two knights explaining to youth the benefits of exercise on their bodies http www.movierevie.ws movies 1653526 How to Exercise.html DEFAULTSORT Fitness And Me Category Disney documentary films disney stub ... more details
From MoS DAB use ONE LINK per entry, SHORT descriptions. AVOID piping links, external links, redlinks with little potential, full sentences, and references wiktionary Effective dose may refer to Effective dose pharmacology , a dose of pharmacologic agent which will have a therapeutic Effective dose radiation safety , an estimate of the stochastic effect that a non uniform radiation dose has on a human Effective dose radiology , an expected incidental radiation dose to part of the body or tissue Biologically effective dose , the effective dose of radiation or a drug that must be delivered to a target organ or tissue to have a desired therapeutic effect disambig ... more details
one source date June 2010 A fitness professional is a professional in the field of physical fitnessfitness and exercise , most often education instruction fitness instructor , including aerobics and yoga teacher instructors and author s of fitness instruction books or textbook manuals . Fitness topics may also include nutrition , weight loss , and self help . Fitness careers are distinguished from exercise science careers such as athletic training , however the various types of fitness certification s ref http www.orangecountyfitness.org trainers certifications Accredited Organizations Offering Fitness Certifications . , OrangeCountyFitness.org, 2010 ref have more and more in common the, distinctions...have become blurred, with more similarities than differences given the common background that all fitness professionals must possess. ref name handbook Howley, Edward and Franks, B. Don 2007 . Fitness Professional s Handbook , p.ix. 5th Edition. ISBN 0736061789. ref Fitness professionals screen participants for exercise program s, evaluate various fitness component s, Medical prescription prescribe exercise to improve these components, and may also help people with specific or chronic conditions ref name handbook . Notable fitness professionals or former fitness professionals include Richard Simmons , Susan Powter , John Sitaras and Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger Arnold Schwarzenegger s Total Body Workout . Certified fitness professionals must maintain up to date on all certifications in order to instruct at particular health clubs and gyms. Oftentimes, fitness professionals will have some education in kinesiology, anatomy, and biomechanics to aid in their fitness career. Sources reflist Category Physical exercise health stub job stub ... more details
Effective giving is making sure the money you donate is going as far as it can. Principles behind the effective giving movement Be confident that your donation will be used effectively . By relying on recommendations of where to give that are based on high quality evidence about what works, you can be confident your donation will be well used. Change incentives for charities . The more donations that GiveWell directs to charities through its website, the more donors can send a message that they care about effectiveness and are willing to invest in charities that are recommended based on transparency and evidence Have a bigger impact . By giving to the top recommended charities on GiveWell or Giving What We Can , you can save a life for about 450 by giving to the Stop tb partnership Stop TB Partnership , for example . ref cite web title GiveWell page on Stop TB Partnership url http www.givewell.org international top charities stop tb footnote50 tzt7fra ref Evidence based giving Charity Navigator focuses on overhead costs. But overhead costs don t tell you anything about the impact of particular ... where to give. What type of evidence is high quality One way of thinking about effective ... in the effective giving movement GiveWell and Giving What We Can included focus on this type ... support span across a vast array of social trouble spots, including youth fitness, education and empowerment ... they exist to provide and most certainly not an effective way to support charitable causes ... athletes on effective philanthropy and present them with alternatives to starting their own foundations ... in that way. Founded by 12 highly philanthropic former athletes, AFH presents a particularly effective ... will go to the most deserving and most effective organizations in their field s of choice .... See also High impact philanthropy Charity practice Gift law Groups blogs related to effective ... Reflist DEFAULTSORT Effective Giving Category Giving Category Donation ... more details
Mergeto algorithm date September 2009 In computability theory , an effective method also called an effective procedure is a Procedure term procedure that reduces the solution of some class of problems to a series of rote steps which, if followed to the letter, and as far as may be necessary, is bound to always give some answer rather than ever give no answer always give the right answer and never give a wrong answer always be completed in a finite number of steps, rather than in an infinite number work for all instances of problems of the class. An effective method for calculating the values of a function is an algorithm functions with an effective method are sometimes called effectively calculable . Several independent efforts to give a formal characterization of effective calculability led to a variety of proposed definitions Recursion general recursion , Turing machine s, calculus that later were shown to be equivalent the notion captured by these definitions is known as Computable function recursive computability . Church s thesis states that the two notions coincide any number theoretic function that is effectively calculable is computable function recursively computable . Church s thesis is not a mathematical statement and cannot be proved by a mathematical proof . A further elucidation of the term effective method may include the requirement that, when given a problem from outside the class for which the method is effective, the method may halt or loop forever without halting, but must not return a result as if it were the answer to the problem. An essential feature of an effective method is that it does not require any ingenuity from any person or machine executing it. ref The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, effective procedure ref See also Decidability logic Decision problem Function problem Effective results in number theory Recursive set Undecidable problem References reflist S. C. Kleene 1967 , Mathematical logic . Reprinted, Dover, 2002, ISBN 0 486 ... more details
In chemistry , the Effective Molarity denoted as EM is defined as the ratio between the first order rate constant of an intramolecular reaction and the second order rate constant of the corresponding intermolecular reaction Kinetic Effective Molarity or the ratio between the equilibrium constant of an intramolecular reaction and the equilibrium constant of the corresponding intermolecular reaction Thermodynamic Effective Molarity . It has the dimension of concentration. High EM values always indicate greater ease of intramolecular processes over the corresponding intermolecular ones. Effective molarities can be used to get a deeper understanding of the effects of intramolecularity on reaction courses. http pubs.acs.org doi full 10.1021 ja066780e In last decades, the frequency of use of effective molarity in scientific literature has shown a marked decrease, because this formalism is being progressively replaced by more important physical quantities . See also Cyclic compound Macrocycle Intramolecular reaction Polymerization Category Physical organic chemistry ... more details
thumb upright Physical fitness can be achieved through physical exercise . Physical fitness comprises two related concepts general fitness a state of health and well being , and specific fitness ... sports or occupations . Physical fitness is generally achieved through correct nutrition , Physical exercise exercise , and enough rest . In previous years When date June 2010 , fitness was commonly ... insufficient. In current contexts, physical fitness is considered a measure of the body ... hypokinetic diseases , and to meet emergency situations. Fitness File Marine Pull ups.jpg thumb upright A US marine performing fitness exercises. The President s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports ... States declines to offer a simple definition of physical fitness. Instead, it developed the following chart ref cite web title President s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports Definitions for Health, Fitness, and Physical Activity url http www.fitness.gov digest mar2000.htm ref class wikitable ... Bone integrity Other valign top Body composition Cardiovascular fitness Flexibility anatomy Flexibility ... Individual sport Lifetime Other A comprehensive fitness program tailored to an individual will probably focus on one or more specific skills, ref cite web title Skill related physical fitness essential ... ref cite web title The elderly have specific fitness requirements url http www.aafp.org afp 20020201 419.html ref or health related needs such as bone health. ref cite web title A targeted fitness ... health social and emotional health as an important part of overall fitness. This is often presented ... fitness. Physical fitness can also prevent or treat many chronic health conditions brought on by unhealthy ... Training Specific or task oriented fitness is a person s ability to perform in a specific activity ... officers undergo regular Physical fitness test fitness testing to determine if they are capable of the physically demanding tasks required of the job. ref cite web title Physical Fitness requirements ... more details
Orphan date December 2011 Fitness for Living is an Educational film educational Film series series of three short films produced in 1982 by Walt Disney Educational to explain Physical fitnessfitness . This series was a Live action live action series. 1982 How to Get Fit , guide for students to stay in shape Measuring Up , explanation of the steps in the fitness What is Physical Fitness? Explanation of the effects of sport on the Human body body References Unreferenced date June 2010 Reflist DEFAULTSORT Fitness For Living Category Disney documentary films disney stub ... more details
evolutionary biology Fitness often denoted math w math in population genetics models is a central idea ... gene affect fitness, then the frequencies of the alleles will change over generations the alleles with higher fitness become more common. This process is called natural selection . An individual s fitness ... as well as by genes, and the fitness of a given phenotype can be different in different environments ... equal. However, since the fitness of the genotype is an averaged quantity, it will reflect the reproductive .... Inclusive fitness differs from individual fitness by including the ability of an allele in one individual ... to individuals with a different allele. One mechanism of inclusive fitness is kin selection . Fitness is a propensity Fitness is often defined as a propensity or probability, rather than the actual number of offspring. For example, according to Maynard Smith, Fitness is a property, not of an individual ... in its pram, this would not prove the new genotype to have low fitness, but only that the particular ..., the fitness of the individual having an array x of phenotypes is the probability, s x , that the individual ..., D. L. 1981 A Primer of Population Genetics ISBN 0 87893 271 2 ref Measures of fitness There are two commonly used measures of fitness absolute fitness and relative fitness. Absolute fitness Absolute fitness math w mathrm abs math of a genotype is defined as the ratio between the number of individuals ... and may be calculated from absolute numbers or from frequencies. When the fitness is larger .... math w mathrm abs N mathrm after over N mathrm before math Absolute fitness for a genotype can ... fecundity . Relative fitness Relative fitness is quantified as the average number of surviving progeny ... genotypes are measured with respect to that genotype. Relative fitness can therefore take any ... fitness, which is weighted by genotype frequencies . math frac w abs overline w abs frac w rel overline w rel math Because fitness is a coefficient , and a variable may be multiplied by it several ... more details
Merge Peter Drucker date July 2010 An effective executive is someone who can do what is needed. Knowledge, intelligence and imagination are important assets but they cannot bring effectiveness by themselves. The development of certain habits of effective working is needed. According to Peter Drucker in the book Effective Executive , five habits of mind are needed to be an effective executive. Executives have to know where their time is being spent. They must focus on outward contributions on results rather than work. Build on strengths first, and then give attention to areas of weakness. Concentrate on the few major areas where superior performance will produce outstanding results Make effective decisions. An effective executive can also be known as a knowledge worker however, effective executives have other knowledge workers in the work place. These executives are the capable individuals in an organization that spark the achievements of that organization. They are the men and women who conjure up the ideas which will allow advancement of that particular corporation. Wherever knowledge workers perform well in large organizations, senior executives take time out and ask questions to describe what they are doing. Peter F. Drucker ref Drucker, P. 1967 . Effective Executive. Chicago, Illinois. ref According to Peter Drucker s The Effective Executive there are 5 Elements in the decision process The clear realization that the problem is generic and can only be solved through a decision which established a rule, a principle Defining the specifications the solution must satisfy, sometimes ... of events. ref Drucker, P. The Effective Executive. p.122 123 ref According to the book, the secret ... posteriority as deciding what tasks not to tackle . ref Drucker, P. The Effective Executive. New ...,Canada ref references References Drucker, P. 1967 . Effective Executive. Chicago, Illinois. Drucker, P. The Effective Executive. New York, New York. 1966 Cohen, W and Cohen N. 1984 . Top Executive Performance ... more details
Effective theory has two distinct meanings. In science An effective theory is a scientific theory which proposes to describe a certain set of Experiment observations , but explicitly without the claim or implication that the mechanism employed in the theory has a direct counterpart in the actual causes of the observed phenomena to which the theory is fitted. I.e. the theory proposes to model a certain effect , without proposing to adequately model any of the causes which contribute to the effect. Thus, an effective field theory is a theory which describes phenomena in solid state physics , notably the BCS theory of superconduction , which treats vibrations of the solid state lattice as a field physics field i.e. without claiming that there is reality really a field , with its own field quanta, called phonon s. Such effective particles derived from effective fields are also known as quasiparticle s. In a certain sense, quantum field theory , and any other currently known physical theory, could be described as effective , as in being the low energy limit of an as yet unknown Theory of Everything . ref c.f. e.g. Ion Olimpiu Stamatescu, Erhard Seiler, Approaches to fundamental physics an assessment of current theoretical ideas , Lecture notes in physics, vol. 721, Springer, 2007, ISBN 9783540711155, p. 47 ref In mathematics An effective theory is a formal theory whose set of axioms is recursively enumerable , that is, it is theoretically possible to write a computer program that, if allowed to run forever, would output the axioms of the theory one at a time and not output anything else. Godel s first incompleteness theorem demonstrates that such a theory cannot at the same time be complete, consistent, and include elementary arithmetic. See also Proof sketch for G del s first incompleteness theorem Hypotheses of the theory Proof sketch for G del s first incompleteness theorem Hypotheses of the theory . References reflist See also Effective mass solid state physics Emergence ... more details
Infobox Company company name LA Fitness foundation 1984 company logo Image la fitness logo.JPG LA Fitness ... , Health Clubs homepage http www.lafitness.com www.lafitness.com LA Fitness is a privately owned ... was formed in 1984 and is based in Irvine, California . History LA Fitness was founded by Chin ... under performing fitness clubs in Southern California, and by developing, opening and operating newly constructed properties. In 1995, LA Fitness designed and built a new multipurpose sports and fitness club that became the company s signature model at the time. This prototypical design starts ... fitness centers and adds a swimming pool and court sports basketball and racquetball in most locations to offer LA Fitness members a wider variety of workout options. br With a successful prototype in place, LA Fitness then expanded its in house development efforts, and new club construction now ... States by way of an acquisition of six fitness clubs, in Toronto , Canada . Also of notable size, in 2010 the company acquired ten locations in Phoenix from Pure Fitness Arizona. ref http www.azcentral.com business consumer articles 2010 11 17 20101117biz pure fitness sold17 ON.html LA Fitness acquires Pure Fitness gyms azcentral.com ref Within a year, all but one of the former Pure Fitness ... from Bally Total Fitness . After the closing, LA Fitness began closing some former Bally Fitness clubs near existing LA Fitness facilities. ref http azstarnet.com business local l a fitness buys bally ... articles la fitness grants national access bally members drop lawsuit threat 7e7d043e LA Fitness remains a privately owned company, with major ownership interests held by private equity ... news ci 19604785 LA Fitness brings changes to Ballys from Daily Breeze References Reflist http www.dailybreeze.com news ci 19604785 LA Fitness brings changes to Ballys External links Commons category Portal box Los Angeles Companies http www.lafitness.com LA Fitness Official website http facebook.com ... more details
Primary sources date May 2010 Orphan date April 2010 Infobox company company name Mieko s Fitness company logo File Mieko s Fitness Logo Color7.png company type Privately held company Private genre Physical fitnessFitness foundation 1999 founder Seiji Hart & Mieko Hart location city Seattle, Washington location country USA location this parameter modifies Headquarters origins key people area served industry products services revenue operating income net income num employees parent divisions subsid owner company slogan homepage http www.miekosfitness.com www.miekosfitness.com dissolved footnotes Mieko s Fitness is an American, family owned chain of co ed fitness centers founded in Washington U.S. state Washington by Seiji and Mieko Hart ref name about http miekosfitness.com about.html About Mieko s Fitness ref . History Athletic fitness club owner Richard Hart sold his ten Hart s Althletic Club facilities in 1998, giving his children Seiji and Meiko Hart the opportunity to found a new fitness endeavor. Mieko s Fitness was thus born in 1999, beginning with single locations in Magnolia, WA and Edmonds, WA. ref name about File Mieko Hart Co Founder of Miekos Fitness.jpg thumb Mieko Hart, Co Founder of Mieko s Fitness. Current operations Mieko s Fitness has about six clubs in the greater Seattle area. Besides Washington, it has affiliate clubs in Illinois , Indiana , Kentucky , Ohio , and Texas . Mieko s Fitness is now being operated but Vision Quest Sport and Fitness. Locations Canyon Park, Washington Edmonds, Washington Lake City, Seattle Mill Creek, Washington External links http www.meikosfitness.com Official Website References Reflist Category Companies based in Seattle, Washington Category Companies established in 1999 Category Health clubs in the United States Category Privately held companies based in Washington ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Effective Torque is often referred to as wheel torque or torque to the wheels is primarily associated with automotive tuning . Torque can be measured using a dynamometer . Common units used in automotive applications can include ft lbf and N m. For more on units see Foot pound force . Effective torque will often be 5 15 lower than the shaft or crank ratings of an engine due to a loss through the drivetrain. For a general article please see Torque Machine torque Machine torque . DEFAULTSORT Effective Torque Category Engine technology Automotive tech stub ... more details
The Fitness Olympia is a contest in women s fitness competition , and is sanctioned by the International Federation of BodyBuilding & Fitness . The contest was first held in 1995. Susie Curry and Adela Garcia have won the most titles, with six. Winners class wikitable Year Winner 1995 Mia Finnegan 1996 Saryn Muldrow 1997 Carol Semple Marzetta 1998 Monica Brant 1999 Mary Yockey 2000 Susie Curry 2001 Susie Curry 2002 Susie Curry 2003 Susie Curry 2004 Adela Garcia Adela Garcia Friedmansky 2005 Jen Hendershott 2006 Adela Garcia 2007 Adela Garcia 2008 Jen Hendershott 2009 Adela Garcia 2010 Adela Garcia 2011 Adela Garcia Notes cite web title Competitor History of the Fitness Olympia url http www.ifbbpro.com history of the mr olympia competitor history of the fitness olympia publisher IFBB Professional League accessdate 22 August 2011 Category Professional bodybuilding competitions Category Fitness & figure competitors Sport event stub Bodybuilding stub it Fitness Olympia he ... more details
A fitness function is a particular type of objective function that is used to summarise, as a single figure of merit , how close a given design solution is to achieving the set aims. In particular, in the fields of genetic programming and genetic algorithm s, each design solution is represented as a string of numbers referred to as a chromosome genetic algorithm chromosome . After each round of testing ... by applying the fitness function to the test, or simulation, results obtained from ... because of the effort involved in designing a workable fitness function. Even though it is no longer ... designer who has to design the fitness function. If this is designed wrongly, the algorithm will either converge on an inappropriate solution, or will have difficulty converging at all. Moreover, the fitness ... times in order to produce a usable result for a non trivial problem. Fitness approximation may be appropriate, especially in the following cases Fitness computation time of a single solution is extremely high Precise model for fitness computation is missing The fitness function is uncertain or noisy. Two main classes of fitness functions exist one where the fitness function does not change, as in optimizing a fixed function or testing with a fixed set of test cases and one where the fitness function ... way of looking at fitness functions is in terms of a fitness landscape , which shows the fitness for each possible chromosome. Definition of the fitness function is not straightforward in many cases .... In some cases, it is very hard or impossible to come up even with a guess of what fitness function ... to Adaptive Fuzzy Fitness Granulation AFFG PDF , A promising approach to accelerate the convergence ... shack of Adaptive Fuzzy Fitness Granulation AFFG That is designed to accelerate the convergence rate of EAs. http www.nelsonrobotics.org paper archive nelson nelson jras 2009.pdf Fitness functions in evolutionary robotics A survey and analysis AFFG PDF , A review of fitness functions used in evolutionary ... more details
File Rheinlandhalle K ln Fitness First 7288 90 .jpg thumb Fitness First studio in Cologne, Germany Fitness First is the largest privately owned health club group in the world with over 540 Fitness First ... other club and members by country.aspx ref In the UK alone there are 160 Fitness First clubs with over 405,000 members. ref http www.fitnessfirst.co.uk press office fitness first data and facts.aspx ..., Fitness First took over a number of Living Well Lady locations owned by the Hilton Group . Also .... In late 2006, Fitness First reached the milestone of 500 clubs worldwide, marked by the opening of the fourth club in Sydney, Australia. Fitness First s clubs in Asia are usually located in Grade A commercial buildings targeting mainly the office workers. It is behind the worldwide International Fitness Week campaign to encourage more people to find out what fitness regime works for them. The campaign uses former Spice Girl Mel B as the face of International Fitness Week Products and services Fitness First has a range of different products and services including BodyFirst, Group Fitness Classes ... to recognise the progress of members. Fitness First is also the company behind International Fitness .... Fitness First also announced that former Spice Girl Mel B will be the face of International Fitness Week in 2010. The Asian arm of fitness first with 71 clubs covering Hong Kong, India, Indonesia ... developed their Lose Big Program which was developed for the Biggest Loser Asia Fitness First being ... program designed for those with substantial weight loss needs. Membership plans Because Fitness ... the world. Fitness First Australia offers a number of membership plans on different terms. Some membership ... and can be cancelled with 4 week notice. On the home plan, members can access one Fitness First location. Other plans allow members access to any standard Fitness First gym within Australia. Limitations apply on access to international Fitness First gyms. Fees range from around 40 to 110 per month ... more details
Fitness Beach is a TV physical fitnessfitness and exercise show that aired on ESPN2 in the 1990s. The cast of the program included Kathy Derry , Deborah Khazei , Denise Paglia and Leeann Tweeden . Jennifer Goodwin, the fitness model, not to be confused with the actress Ginnifer Goodwin was also featured in the last season. The program was produced by High Bar Productions, which also produced other ESPN2 exercise programs such as BodyShaping and Co ed Training . ref http www.imdb.com company co0017964 High Bar Productions us& 93 Bot generated title ref References references External links imdb title id 0364809 title Fitness Beach Category Non fiction television series Category ESPN network shows Category 1990s American television series nonfiction tv prog stub ... more details
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