otheruses Efficiency in general describes the extent to which time or effort is well used for the intended ... of waste, expense, or unnecessary effort. Efficiency has widely varying meanings in different disciplines ..., efficiency is a measurable concept, quantitatively determined by the ratio of output to input. Effectiveness .... In several of these cases, efficiency can be expressed as a result as percentage of what ideally ... where efficiency can be assigned a numerical value, e.g. not for specific impulse. A slightly broader model of efficiency that nevertheless remains consistent with the percentage definition in many cases is to say that efficiency corresponds to the ratio r P C of the amount P of some valuable resource ... via a conservative process. For example, in the analysis of the energy conversion efficiency ... , P can never be greater than C , and so the efficiency r is never greater than 100 and in fact ... denoted by the Greek lowercase letter Eta In thermodynamics Energy conversion efficiency , measure of second law thermodynamic loss Thermal efficiency , useful work per the higher heating value of the fuel Radiation efficiency , ratio of radiated power to power absorbed at the terminals of an antenna Volumetric efficiency , in internal combustion engine design for the RAF Lift to drag ratio Faraday efficiency , electrolysis Quantum efficiency , a measure of sensitivity of a photosensitive device Grating efficiency , a generalization of the reflectance of a mirror, extended to a diffraction grating In economics Economic efficiency , a general term, capturing the amount of waste or other undesirable features Financial market efficiency , how efficient is the trading going on the financial markets Pareto efficiency , making one individual better off, without making any other individual worse off Kaldor Hicks efficiency , like a less stringent Pareto efficiency Allocative efficiency , an optimal distribution of goods Efficiency wages , paying workers more than the market rate for increased ... more details
Efficiency expert may refer to Ergonomics expert Business efficiency expert see also, Layoffs The Efficiency Expert novel The Efficiency Expert , a 1921 novel by Edgar Rice Burroughs See also Spotswood film Spotswood film , US title The Efficiency Expert , Australian comedy film released in 1992 disambig ... more details
Energy efficiency may refer to Efficient energy use , sometimes simply called energy efficiency. Energy conversion efficiency , the ratio between the output and input of an energy conversion machine. Energy conservation , efforts made to reduce energy consumption. Disambig ... more details
wiktionary efficiencyEfficiency is the extent to which time or effort is well used for the intended task or purpose. Efficiency may also refer to Efficiency apartment or Studio apartment, a one room apartment A measure of goodness for a Efficient estimator statistical estimator . See also Efficient disambiguation Effectiveness Inefficiency Efficacy disambig ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 merge Economic efficiency date March 2010 Dynamic efficiency is a term in economics , which refers to an economy that appropriately balances short run concerns static efficiency with concerns in the long run focusing on encouraging research and development . ref Joseph E Stiglitz and Carl E Walsh, Economics London, WW Norton, 4th Ed, 2006 Glossary A 3 ref Through dynamic efficiency, such an economy is able to further improve efficiency over time. Investments in education , research and innovation are important in this process. Dynamic efficiency also refers to the ability to adapt quickly and at low cost to changed economic conditions and thereby maintain output and productivity performance despite economic shocks . Dynamic efficiency is pursued through microeconomic reform and increased competition , which provide incentives for businesses to innovate and adapt. dynamic efficiency in growth model The Solow model and the Ramsey Cass Koopmans model do not have dynamic efficiency problems, but the Diamond Growth model is dynamically inefficient because of the overlapping generation setup there is an allocation point which is better than the competitive equilibrium allocation point. See also Creative destruction and Joseph Schumpeter Productive efficiency and Pareto efficiency and Kaldor Hicks efficiency Allocative efficiency X efficiency Prices , profit economics and property rights Economic efficiency Hotelling s rule Notes Reflist Category Welfare economics ... more details
The efficiency of a plant is the percentage of the total energy content of a power plant s fuel that is converted into electricity . The remaining energy is usually lost to the environment as heat unless it is used for district heating . This is complicated by the fact that there are two different ways to measure the fuel energy input LCV Lower Calorific Value, which is the same as NCV Net Calorific Value, or, HCV Higher Calorific Value which is the same as GCV, Gross Calorific Value. Depending on which convention is used, a differences of 10 in the apparent efficiency of a gas fired plant can arise, so it is very important to know which convention, HCV or LCV NCV or GCV is being used. See also portal Energy Fuel efficiency Energy conversion efficiency Thermal efficiency Electrical efficiency Mechanical efficiency Relative cost of electricity generated by different sources Power generating equipment efficiency and carbon footprint References Reflist Category Thermodynamics Category Energy economics Category Energy conservation Energy stub ... more details
Exergy efficiency also known as the second law efficiency or rational efficiency computes the efficiency of a process taking the second law of thermodynamics into account. Motivation From the second law ... the thermodynamic efficiency energy efficiency of a system, the figure found gives no indication of how ..., the rational efficiency of a system can reach 100 because the work output is compared to the potential ... than its exergy efficiency. Definition The energy B balance of a process gives math B in B out B lost B destroyed qquad mbox 1 math with exergy efficiency defined as math eta B frac B out B in 1 frac ... and math dot m fuel math is the mass flow rate of fuel. In the same way the energy efficiency can ... 0 1 mathrm bar math , for all fuels math Delta G 0 T Delta H 0 T math so the exergy efficiency must always be greater than the energy efficiency. Application The destruction of exergy is closely related ... a low energy efficiency. As an example the combustion process inside a power stations gas turbine ... from equations 3 and 4 we can see that the energy efficiency will be correspondingly larger than the energy law efficiency. For example, a typical combined cycle power plant burning methane may have an energy efficiency of 55 , while its exergy efficiency will be 57 . A 100 exergy efficient methane fired power station would correspond to an energy efficiency of 98 . This means that for many of the fuels we use, the maximum efficiency that can be achieved is 90 , however we are restricted to the Carnot efficiency in many situations as a heat engine is being used. Carnot A common misconception is that the energy efficiency compares a given cycle to a Carnot heat engine . This is incorrect because ... engine. Second law efficiency under maximum power Neither first or second laws of thermodynamics ... transformation is included in the measure of second law efficiency it is known as second law efficiency .... 101 . See also Energy Energy conversion efficiency Maximum power principle References M.W. Gilliland ... more details
Image BuildingSite.jpg thumb left 250px Building construction can be a materially consumptive endeavor. Material efficiency is a description or Metric mathematics metric which expresses the degree in which usage of raw materials, construction projects or physical processes are used or carried out in a manner which consumes, incorporates, or wastes less of a given material compared to previous measures. ref http www.akzonobel.com sustainability planet material efficiency Material Efficiency from http www.akzonobel.com Akzonobel . Retrieved April 2009. ref Making a usable item out of thinner stock than a prior version increases the material efficiency of the manufacturing process. The term Material efficiency can also signify the degree in which a material can handle a particular load, strain or weight upon it. See also Portal box Sustainable Development Energy Conservation ethic Conservation movement Ecological deficit Environmental protection Global hectare References Reflist External links http www.worldresourcesforum.org World Resources Forum Platform for Material Efficiency. Sustainability stub Category Sustainability ... more details
The slope efficiency is an important property of a laser . It is obtained by plotting the laser output power against the input laser pumping pump power. Above the lasing threshold , the resulting curve is usually close to a straight line. The slope efficiency is the slope of this line. Slope efficiency can similarly be defined in terms of output and input energies instead of powers. This makes it applicable to pulsed lasers. The curve described above is nearly linear above threshold when the optical losses in the laser cavity remain the same for all input powers. Sometimes the curve is nonlinear, typically with lower slope at high input powers. This is characteristic of increased losses, which are often thermal in nature, such as due to lens optics lensing . This is especially common in powerful lasers. Whatever the shape of a slope efficiency curve, it should be possible to extrapolate the line of best fit to find the x intercept intercept with the x axis . In this way the lasing threshold threshold pump power for this particular laser can be found. Determining the laser threshold periodically, via a slope efficiency graph, is particularly useful in helping to determine when a laser requires refurbishment. The optimization of the laser output power for a given pump power usually involves a compromise between high slope efficiency and low threshold pump power. See also Energy conversion efficiency References http www.rp photonics.com slope efficiency.html Slope efficiency in RP Photonics Category Laser science optics stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 Translational efficiency , in the context of cell biology, is the rate of mRNA Translation biology translation into protein s within Cell biology cell s. Category Cell biology cell biology stub ... more details
Efficiency factor is a ratio of performance. Data communication In data information transfer communications , the ratio of a the time to transmit a text automatically at a specified modulation rate to b the time actually required to receive the same text at a specified maximum error rate. All of the communication facilities are assumed to be in the normal condition of adjustment and operation. Telegraph communications may have different temporal efficiency factors for the two directions of transmission telecommunications transmission . The practical conditions of measurement should be specified, especially the duration of the measurement. Industrial Engineering The efficiency factor is a performance index, which expresses the relationship between the allowance time and the time taken in the form of percentage. Efficiency factors are used in performance rating and remuneration calculation exercises. The efficiency factor is an index that extremely simple to use and readily comprehensible, the prerequisite being exact time management for maintaining the allowed times. ref Poeschel, Frank Zeitgrad. In Landau, Kurt Ed. Lexikon Arbeitsgestaltung Best Practise im Arbeitsprozess. Stuttgart Genter, 2007. ISBN 978 3 87247 655 5. P. 1322. ref References FS1037C MS188 references Category Telecommunications de Zeitgrad telecomm stub ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 The counting efficiency is the ratio between the number of Elementary particle particle s or photons counted with a Geiger counter radiation counter and the number of particles or photons of the same type and energy emitted by the radiation source IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology 2nd Edition, 1997 . Counting efficiency varies for different isotopes, sample compositions and scintillation counters. Poor counting efficiency can be caused by an extremely low energy to light conversion rate, scintillation efficiency which, even optimally, will be a small value. It has been calculated that only some 4 of the energy from a emission event is converted to light by even the most efficient scintillation cocktails. ref name test http nationaldiagnostics.com article info.php articles id 119 , additional text. ref references http nationaldiagnostics.com article info.php articles id 119 DEFAULTSORT Counting Efficiency Category Experimental particle physics ... more details
0&splitType 9splitScope GAME&qualified N&yearsExp 1&splitDD All 20Teams NBA Efficiency Leaders EFF list. PER The most commonly used alternative to the EFF is the Player Efficiency Rating PER developed ... at least two star players with high efficiency ratings above the low twenties. A PER of 30 over ... high efficiency ratings include, in no particular order, LeBron James , Pau Gasol , Chris Paul ... Anthony , Brandon Roy , Dirk Nowitzki and Dwight Howard . Player Efficiency Rating PER records in the NBA ... Basketball Reference.com Highest career Player Efficiency Rating Michael Jordan 27.91 Highest single season Player Efficiency Rating Wilt Chamberlain 31.84 in 1962 63 Highest career playoff Player Efficiency Rating Michael Jordan 28.59 Highest single season playoff Player Efficiency Rating Hakeem ... to determine the ratings and efficiency of players, called the Performance Index Rating PIR Points ... Fouls Committed . See also Player Efficiency Rating Offense efficiency rating Offense Efficiency ... leaders per career.html Career efficiency leaders on Basketball Reference.com http www.nba.com statistics efficiency.html NBA s efficiency EFF leaderboard http www.basketball reference.com about per.html ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2009 Mechanical efficiency measures the effectiveness of a machine mechanical machine in transforming the energy and power that is input to the device into an output force and movement. Efficiency is measured as a ratio of the measured performance to the performance of an ideal machine , math text Efficiency frac text Measured Performance text Ideal Performance . math Because the power transmission mechanics transmission system or mechanism engineering mechanism does not generate power, its ideal performance occurs when the output power equals the input power, that is when there are no losses. Real devices dissipate power through friction, part deformation and wear. The ideal transmission mechanics transmission or mechanism engineering mechanism has an efficiency of 100 , because there is no power loss. Real devices will have efficiencies less than 100 because rigid and frictionless systems do not exist. The power losses in a transmission or mechanism are eventually dissipated as thermal energy heat . I do not think it makes sense to talk about perpetual motion machines here. Creating a perpetual motion machine of the third kind would require 100 percent mechanical efficiency. By recycling the work output back to the work input, a perpetual motion machine could maintain its movement forever. In controlled environments, low friction mechanisms can come close to the ideal efficiency. However, to maintain a perfectly ideal mechanism, the temperature output must be the absolute zero , which is impossible to reach due to the third law of thermodynamics . Therefore, perfect mechanical efficiency can never be achieved. See also Mechanical advantage Thermal efficiency Electrical efficiency Internal combustion engine Electric motor Category Mechanical engineering Category Machines Category Kinematics Category Mechanisms classicalmechanics stub ar he sk Mechanick innos it Rendimento meccanico ... more details
Transformation efficiency is the efficiency by which cells can take up extracellular DNA and express ... efficiency Transformation effiency should be determined under conditions of cell excess. ref name hanahan review pmid 1943786 ref The standard plasmids used for determination of transformation efficiency ... for transformation, more DNA may be necessary for low efficiency transformation. After transformation ... , but further dilution may be used for high efficiency transformation. Transformation efficiency is measured in transformants or colony forming unit cfu per g DNA used. A transformation efficiency of 1x10 ... used being transformed. In E. coli , the theoretical limit of transformation efficiency ... lower for large plasmids. Factors affecting transformation efficiency A number of factors may affect the transformation efficiency ref name hanahan review Plasmid size A study done in E. coli found that transformation efficiency declines linearly with increasing plasmid size. Individual cells are capable ... efficiency than relaxed plasmids which are transformed at around 75 efficiency of supercoiled ones. ref name hanahan Linear and single stranded DNA however have much lower transformation efficiency. Single stranded DNAs are transformed at 10 sup 4 sup lower efficiency than double stranded ones. Genotype of cells Cloning strains may contain mutations that improve the transformation efficiency of the cells ... efficiency of similar strains without. For linear DNA, which is poorly transformed in E. coli , recBC or recD mutation can significant improve the efficiency of its transformation. Growth ... shock, and various additives, all can affect the transformation efficiency of the cells. The presence of contaminants as well as ligase in a ligation mixture can reduce the transformation efficiency ... preparation of compentent cells can yield transformation efficiency ranging from 10 sup 6 sup to 10 ... yield a transformation efficiency of over 10 sup 9 sup . ref pmid 2265755 ref Electroporation ... more details
Bayesian efficiency addresses an appropriate economic definition of Pareto efficiency where there is incomplete information . ref name implementation Palfrey, Thomas R. Srivastava, Sanjay Postlewaite, A. 1993 http books.google.com books?id lZTls JJSxgC&pg PA14&dq there is no other Bayesian incentive compatible allocation rule that is&sig ZXeayrAFXGaZM4iwZGwRrgA qow PPA13,M1 Bayesian Implementation. Pg. 13 14. ISBN 3718653141 ref Under Pareto efficiency, an allocation of a resource is Pareto efficient if there is no other allocation of that resource that makes no one worse off while making some agents strictly better off. ref name implementation A limitation with the concept of Pareto efficiency is that it assumes that knowledge about other market participants is available to all participants in that every player knows the payoffs and strategies available to other players so as to have incomplete information. ref name implementation Often, the players have types that are hidden from the other player. ref name implementation The lack of complete information raises a question of when the efficiency calculation should be made. ref name implementation Should the efficiency check be made at the ex ante stage before the agent sees their types, at the interim stage after the agent sees their types, or at the ex post stage where the agent will have complete information about their types? Another issue is incentive. ref name implementation If a resource allocation rule is efficient but there is no incentive to abide by that rule or accept that rule, then the revelation principle asserts that there is no mechanism by which this allocation rule can be realized. ref name implementation Bayesian efficiency overcomes problems of the Pareto efficiency by accounting for incomplete information, by addressing the timing of the evaluation ex ante efficient, interim efficient, or post ante ... References reflist game theory Category Economic efficiency Category Game theory Category Law and economics ... more details
Spectral efficiency , spectrum efficiency or bandwidth efficiency refers to the information rate that can ... efficiency The link spectral efficiency of a digital communication system is measured in bit second ... books?id thfj9S8cbdoC&pg RA1 PA219&dq 22spectral efficiency 22 bit s Hz&lr &as brr 3&ei ZHSuR4XrIo6IswPtrIH ... or a data link . Alternatively, the spectral efficiency may be measured in bit symbol , which is equivalent ... modulation rate or line code pulse rate. Link spectral efficiency is typically used to analyse the efficiency ... data bit FEC overhead is always excluded. The modulation efficiency in bit s is the gross bitrate including ... one kilohertz of bandwidth to transmit 1,000 bits per second has a modulation efficiency of 1 bit s Hz ... of 3,400 300 3,100 hertz. The spectral efficiency or modulation efficiency is 56,000 3,100 18.1 ... modulation efficiency is given by the Nyquist rate or Hartley s law as follows For a signaling ... efficiency measured in bit symbol or bpcu . In the case of baseband transmission line coding or pulse ... can not exceed 2 B symbols s in view to avoid intersymbol interference . Thus, the spectral efficiency ... s, and in that the modulation efficiency can not exceed N bit s Hz. If digital single sideband modulation ... bandwidth W , resulting in a maximum symbol rate of 2 W and an attainable modulation efficiency ... 4 bit symbol or bpcu. Since QAM is a form of double sideband passband transmission, the spectral efficiency ... as nearly single side band, the modulation efficiency is close to 2 N 6 bit s Hz. In practice ... in a modulation efficiency of 32 6 5.3 bit s Hz. Example 5 The downlink of a V.92 modem uses a pulse ... signal before passband filtering can be considered as baseband transmission, the spectral efficiency ..., a higher spectral efficiency is achieved if we consider the smaller passband bandwidth. If a forward error correction code is used, the spectral efficiency is reduced from the uncoded modulation efficiency ... that the encoder input bit rate is one half the encoder output rate, the spectral efficiency is 50 ... more details
In economics , the term economic efficiency refers to the use of resources so as to maximize the production ... making someone else worse off commonly referred to as Pareto efficiency . No additional output can ... unit cost. These definitions of efficiency are not exactly equivalent, but they are all encompassed .... Theory There are two main strains in economic thought on economic efficiency, which respectively emphasize ... versus macroeconomic efficiency, some advocating a greater role for government in one sphere ... level there is debate about how to maximize efficiency, with some advocating laissez ... economics first fundamental welfare theorem provides some basis for the belief in efficiency of market economies, as it states that any perfectly competitive market equilibrium is Pareto efficiency ... imperfection s, which are significant in real markets. Furthermore, Pareto efficiency is a minimal ... economic efficiency. However, there is no clear theoretical basis for the belief that removing a market distortion will always increase economic efficiency. The Theory of the Second Best states that if there is some ... in another sector may actually decrease efficiency. Criteria There are several alternate criteria for economic efficiency, these include Pareto efficiency Kaldor Hicks efficiency X efficiency Allocative efficiency Distributive efficiency Dynamic efficiency Productive efficiency Optimisation of a social ... Welfare economics Efficiency is but one of many vying goals in an economic system, and different notions of efficiency may be complementary or may be at odds. Most commonly, efficiency is contrasted ... efficiency, but at the cost to liberty or justice, while others may be argued to both increase efficiency and be more free or just. There is debate on what effects specific policies have, which ..., and leads to unjust distribution of income and wealth, regardless of whether it increases efficiency ... argue that laissez faire decreases efficiency in addition to being unfree and unjust, while others ... more details
Refimprove date February 2012 In a business context, operational efficiency can be defined as the ratio between the input to run a business operation and the output gained from the business. When improving operational efficiency, the output to input ratio improves. Inputs would typically be money cost , people headcount or time effort. Outputs would typically be money revenue, margin, cash , new customers ... & agility, complexity or opportunities. The terms operational efficiency , efficiency and productivity are often used interchangeably. An explanation to the difference between efficiency and total factor productivity is found in An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis ref Timothy J. Coelli, D.S. Prasada Rao, Christopher J. O Donnell and George E. Battese An Introduction to Efficiency ... continuous improvement not limited to efficiency is occassionally used when meaning operational efficiency. From time to time operating efficiency is also used with the same meaning as operational efficiency . Measuring operational efficiency In order to improve operational efficiency, one has to start by measuring it. Since operational efficiency is about the output to input ratio, it should ... indicators of operational efficiency. When measuring operational efficiency, a company should define ... between segments, quality, growth, customer satisfaction Comparing operational efficiency If the intention ... such load and complexity factors might lead to incorrect conclusions on operational efficiency ... and high efficiency in distribution. For another company, differentiating with premium quality ... quality levels will also be key to understand. Improving operational efficiency When improving operational efficiency, companies have a few alternatives. The most common are ref Efficiency and beyond Forward thinking solutions for improving efficiency , Nokia Siemens Networks, 2009 ref Same for less ..., are always cut when improving operational efficiency. It is true for the same for less alternative ... more details
refimprove date March 2009 Allocative efficiency is a type of economic efficiency in which economy producers produce only that type of goods and services which are more desirable in the society and also in high demand. According to the formula the point of allocative efficiency is a point where price is equal to Marginal cost P MC . ref cite book last Markovits first Richard title Matters of Principle publisher New York University Press location New York year 1998 isbn 978 0 8147 5513 6 ref ref cite book last Markovits first Richard title Truth or Economics publisher Yale University Press location New Haven year 2008 isbn 978 0 300 11459 1 ref Although there are different standards of evaluation for the concept of allocative efficiency, the basic principle asserts that in any economic system, choices in resource allocation produce both winners and losers relative to the choice being evaluated. The principles of rational choice, individual maximization, utilitarianism and market theory further suppose that the outcomes for winners and losers can be identified, compared and measured. Under these basic premises, the goal of maximizing allocative efficiency can be defined according to some neutral principle where some allocations are objectively better than others. For example, an economist might say that a change in policy increases allocative efficiency as long as those who benefit ... is therefore one which has no imperfections. Conditions It is possible to have Pareto efficiency without allocative efficiency. By shifting resources in the economy, a gain in benefit to one individual could be greater than the loss in benefit to another individual see Kaldor Hicks efficiency ... e.g., monopoly or oligopoly , or externalities. See also Pareto efficiency Production possibility frontier Productive efficiency Financial market efficiency References reflist External links Category Economic efficiency es Eficiencia asignativa sk Efekt vnos ekonomiky sr fi ... more details
unreferenced date April 2011 In antenna theory, radiation efficiency , which is often abbreviated to just efficiency is a figure of merit for an Antenna radio antenna . It is a measure of the electrical losses that occur in the antenna. Radiation efficiency is defined by IEEE Std 145 1983 Definitions of Terms for Antennas as The ratio of the total power radiated by an antenna to the net power accepted by the antenna from the connected transmitter. It is sometimes expressed as a percentage. It will be frequency dependent. The antenna gain gain of an antenna is the directivity multiplied by the radiation efficiency. The IEEE standard defines several antenna parameters which include the word efficiency, such as antenna efficiency of an aperture type antenna. antenna illumination efficiency. polarization efficiency polarization mismatch factor. solid beam efficiency. All of these have different definitions and should not be confused with radiation efficiency, which is by far the most commonly used term. Components of radiation efficiency Antenna efficiency depends on three kinds of loss dubious date February 2012 coil losses math R c math , ground losses math R g math , and other losses math R o math including ohmic and capacitive losses. The antenna s total resistance math R t math is the sum of these losses fact date February 2012 plus the radiation resistance math R r math , which is the effective resistance representing emitted RF power math R total R radiation R coil R ground R other math Antenna efficiency is the ratio between its radiation resistance and its total resistance math E radiation frac R radiation R total math Ground loss For monopole antenna monopole and other ground plane antennas, ground loss occurs due to ohmic electrical resistance resistance in the antenna s connection to its ground plane counterpoise, including its mast or stalk and its bonding connections, as well as the ohmic resistance within the ground plane. Ohmic and capacitive loss Ohmic loss ... more details
See also energy efficiency Energy conversion efficiency refimprove date October 2008 The efficiency of an entity a machine device , electronic component component , or system in electronics and electrical engineering is defined as useful power output divided by the total electrical power consumed a vulgar ... small Eta . math mathrm Efficiency frac mathrm Useful power output mathrm Total power input math Efficiency of typical electrical devices Efficiency should not be confused with effectiveness a system .... The term efficiency makes sense only in reference to the wanted effect. A light bulb , for example, might have 2 efficiency at emitting light yet still be 98 efficient at heating a room In practice ... gate is highly effective, yet it has an electrical efficiency close to 0 . An electric fire is 100 efficient in terms of converting electrical energy into the desired result, i.e., heating. Efficiency ... maximum power to a load when running at 50 electrical efficiency. This occurs when the load ... resistance of the power source. This is valid only for non reactive source and load impedances. Efficiency ... of efficiency for various types of lamps Incandescent light bulb about 2 . Compact fluorescent lamp about 7 9 . White light emitting diode LED about 4 18 . Discussion High efficiency is useful in the design ... the cost of the required power supply against the cost of attaining greater efficiency through choosing ... Negawatt power Standby power Other measures of efficiency Thermal efficiency Mechanical efficiency Performance per watt Efficiency improvement initiatives 80 plus One watt initiative Energy star Mechanical efficiency Figure of merit Heat of combustion Lower heating value References Reflist External links http www.sengpielaudio.com calculator efficiency.htm Conversion Energy efficiency in percent ... Energy Agency Implementing Agreement to promote energy efficiency and standards for electrical products worldwide DEFAULTSORT Electrical Efficiency Category Electrical engineering de Wirkungsgrad ... more details
This topic needs revision. The efficiency ratio is a specific term that applies to banks only. See definition on Investopedia or your favorite bank s statements. The efficiency ratio , a ratio that is typically applied to banks, in simple terms is defined as expenses as a percentage of revenue expenses revenue , with a few variations. A lower percentage is better since that means expenses are low and earnings are high. It is related to operating leverage , which measures the ratio between fixed costs and variable costs. Example If expenses are 40 and revenue is 80 perhaps net of interest revenue expense the efficiency ratio is 0.5 or 50 40 80 . Efficiency ratio is essentially how much you spend to make a dollar. In the above example, they spent 0.50 for every dollar they earned in revenue. Citigroup Citigroup, Inc. 2003 Revenues, net of interest expense 77,442 Operating expenses 39,168 That makes operating expenses revenue 39,168 77,442 0.51 or 51 . The efficiency ratio is 0.51 or 51 . Alternative If benefits, claims, and credit losses are added to operating expenses the ratio gets worse. 51109 77,442 0.66 Alternative If it s calculated as revenue divided by expenses interest expense, benefits, claims, and credit losses , operating expenses it becomes 1 less the income from continuing operations margin. 68,380 94,713 0.72 See also Business margin Financial market efficiency Operating leverage Sortino ratio Business process reengineering Cost benefit ratio External links http www.investopedia.com terms e efficiencyratio.asp Efficiency Ratio Example http finance.yahoo.com q is?s C&annual C Income Statement for CITIGROUP INC Yahoo Finance http www.citigroup.com citigroup fin ar.htm Citigroup Annual Reports & Proxy Statements Category Financial ratios ... more details
The efficiency of conversion of ingested food to unit of body substance ECI, also termed growth efficiency is an index measure of food fuel efficiency in animals. ref citation last Aryal first Achyut last2 Guan first2 Li Ching last3 Xu first3 Wei title Influences of secondary metabolites on the performance of lepidopterous larvae publisher Forestry Nepal date 2008 09 20 url http www.forestrynepal.org images Creatonotos transiens.pdf accessdate 2008 11 17 ref The ECI is a rough scale of how much of the food ingestion ingested is converted into growth in the animal s mass . It can be used to compare the growth efficiency as measured by the weight gain of different animals from consuming a given quantity of food relative to its size. ref citation url http www.time.com time magazine article 0,9171,1810336,00.html last Peterson first Mark periodical TIME title Eating Bugs publication date 2008 05 29 accessdate 2008 11 14 ref The ECI effectively represents efficiencies of both digestion approximate digestibility or AD and metabolism metabolic efficiency , or how well digested food is converted to mass efficiency of conversion of digested food or ECD . The formula for the efficiency of food fuel is thus ref citation url http www.hollowtop.com finl html conversion.htm last Lindroth first Richard L. periodical The Food Insects Newsletter volume 6, No. 1 title Insect Food Conversion Efficiencies publication date 1993 03 accessdate 2008 11 14 ref math ECI AD times ECD math References reflist See also Feed conversion ratio Category Food science Category Metabolism med stub ... more details
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