- Electrolyte
About the ionic solution the R.E.M. song Electrolite An electrolyte is any substance containing free ion s that make the substance electrical conductor electrically conductive . The most typical electrolyte ... under conditions of high temperature or low pressure. Electrolyte solutions can also result from ... sulfonate , termed polyelectrolytes, which contain charged functional groups. Electrolyte solutions ... sodium chloride is molten, the liquid conducts electricity. An electrolyte in a solution may be described .... If a high proportion of the solute dissociates to form free ions, the electrolyte is strong if most of the solute does not dissociate, the electrolyte is weak. The properties of electrolytes may ... higher lifeforms require a subtle and complex electrolyte balance between the intracellular and extracellular ... by electrolyte activity between the extracellular fluid or interstitial fluid , and intracellular ... levels of these key electrolytes, muscle weakness or severe muscle contractions may occur. Electrolyte balance is maintained by oral, or in emergencies, intravenous IV intake of electrolyte containing .... In humans, electrolyte homeostasis is regulated by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone , aldosterone and parathyroid hormone . Serious electrolyte disturbance s, such as dehydration and Water ... the occurrence of electrolyte imbalance . Rehydration In oral rehydration therapy , electrolyte drinks containing sodium and potassium salts replenish the body s water and electrolyte levels after ... 33 pages 290 298 year 2008 doi 10.1139 H07 188 pmid 18347684 issue 2 ref A simple electrolyte drink ... electrode s are placed in an electrolyte and a voltage is applied, the electrolyte will conduct electricity. Lone electron s normally cannot pass through the electrolyte instead, a chemical reaction ... develops in the electrolyte around the cathode, and a positive charge develops around the anode. The ions in the electrolyte neutralize these charges, enabling the electrons to keep flowing and the reactions ... more details
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- Strong electrolyte
A strong electrolyte is a Solution solute that completely, or almost completely, ionizes or dissociate s in a solution. These ions are good conductors of electric current in the solution. Originally, a strong electrolyte was defined as a chemical that, when in aqueous solution, is a good conductor of electricity. With greater understanding of the properties of ion s in solution its definition wato the present one. A concentrated solution of this strong electrolyte has a lower vapour pressure than that of pure water at the same temperature. Strong acid s, strong base s, and soluble ionic salts that are not weak acids or weak bases are strong electrolytes. Writing reactions For strong electrolytes, a single reaction arrow shows that the reaction occurs completely in one direction, in contrast to the dissociation of weak electrolytes, which both ionize and re bond in significant quantities ref Brown, Theodore L. Chemistry The Central Science , 9th edition. ref . Strong electrolyte aq &rarr Cation sup sup aq Anion sup sup aq Strong electrolytes conduct electricity only when molten or in aqueous solutions. Strong electrolytes break apart into ions completely. The stronger an electrolyte the greater the voltage produced when used in a galvanic cell. Examples of Strong Electrolytes Strong Acid Perchloric acid HClO sub 4 sub Hydriodic acid HI Hydrobromic acid HBr Hydrochloric acid HCl Sulfuric acid H sub 2 sub SO sub 4 sub Nitric acid HNO sub 3 sub Chloric acid HClO sub 3 sub Bromic acid HBrO sub 3 sub Perbromic acid HBrO sub 4 sub Periodic acid HIO sub 4 sub Fluoroantimonic acid HSbF sub 6 sub Magic acid FSO sub 3 sub HSbF sub 5 sub Carborane superacid H CHB sub 11 sub Cl sub 11 sub Fluorosulfuric acid FSO sub 3 sub H Triflic acid CF sub 3 sub SO sub 3 sub H Citric Acid Strong Base Potassium hydroxide KOH Barium hydroxide Ba OH sub 2 sub Caesium hydroxide CsOH Sodium hydroxide ... CH sub 3 sub sub 3 sub Si sub 2 sub NLi See also Electrolyte Dissociation constant References Reflist ... more details
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- Water-electrolyte imbalance
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 E 86 e 70 ICD10 E 87 e 70 ICD9 ICD9 276 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D014883 Electrolyte s play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis within the body. They help to regulate myocardial and neurological function, fluid balance, oxygen delivery, acid base balance and much more. Electrolyte imbalances can develop by the following mechanisms excessive ingestion diminished elimination of an electrolyte diminished ingestion or excessive elimination of an electrolyte. The most common cause of electrolyte disturbances is renal failure . The most serious electrolyte disturbances involve abnormalities in the levels of sodium , potassium , and or calcium . Other electrolyte imbalances are less common, and often occur in conjunction with major electrolyte changes. Chronic laxative abuse or severe diarrhea or vomiting Gastroenteritis can lead to electrolyte disturbances along with dehydration . People suffering from bulimia or anorexia nervosa are at especially high risk for an electrolyte imbalance. General function Electrolytes are important because they are what cells especially nerve, heart, muscle use to maintain voltages across their cell membranes and to carry electrical impulses nerve impulses, muscle contractions across themselves and to other cells. Kidneys work to keep the electrolyte concentrations in blood constant despite changes in your body. For example, during heavy exercise, electrolytes are lost in sweat, particularly sodium and potassium. These electrolytes must be replaced to keep the electrolyte concentrations of the body fluids constant. See also Acidosis Alkalosis Dehydration Malnutrition Starvation Fluid, electrolyte, acid base metabolic pathology Category Electrolyte disturbances Category Causes of death de Elektrolytst rung es Trastorno hidroelectrol tico hr Poreme aji ravnote e elektrolita pt Dist rbio eletrol tico ... more details
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- Electrolyte?insulator?semiconductor sensor
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Context date October 2009 An Electrolyte insulator semiconductor EIS sensor is a sensor that is made of these three components an electrolyte with the chemical that should be measured an Electrical insulation insulator that allows field effect interaction, without leak currents between the two other components a semiconductor to register the chemical changes The EIS sensor can be used in combination with other structures, for example to construct a light addressable potentiometric sensor LAPS . DEFAULTSORT Electrolyte Insulator Semiconductor Sensor Category Sensors Electronics stub ... more details
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- Beta-alumina solid electrolyte
Beta alumina solid electrolyte BASE is a fast ion conductor material used as a semipermeable membrane membrane in several types of molten salt electrochemical cell . There is no known substitute. Citation needed date April 2010 cs nowiki nowiki Alumina beta prime prime alumina is an Isomorphism crystallography isomorphic form of aluminium oxide Al sub 2 sub O sub 3 sub , a hard polycrystalline ceramic , which, when prepared as an electrolyte , is complexed with a mobile ion , such as Sodium Na sup sup , Potassium K sup sup , Lithium Li sup sup , Silver Ag sup sup , Hydrogen H sup sup , Lead Pb sup 2 sup , Strontium Sr sup 2 sup or Barium Ba sup 2 sup depending on the application. Beta alumina is a good conductor of its mobile ion yet allows no non ionic i.e., electronic conductivity. Sodium beta alumina is a non stoichiometric sodium aluminate known for its rapid transport of Na sup sup ions. This material selectively passes sodium ions while blocking other species, including liquid sodium and liquid sulfur. It is a ceramic which can be formed and sintered by commercially available techniques and its conductivity at operating temperatures &mdash 250 to 300 degrees Celsius &mdash compares favorably with electrolytes used in conventional battery systems such as sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide. The crystal structure of the Na Al sub 2 sub O sub 3 sub provides an essential rigid framework with channels along which the ionic species of the solid can migrate. Ion transport involves hopping from site to site along these channels. BASE was first developed by researchers at the Ford Motor Company , in the search for a storage device for electric vehicle s while developing the sodium ... electrode as active materials, and sodium conducting beta alumina ceramic as the electrolyte ... and its electrolyte is solid. At this temperature, since both active materials react smoothly ... fuel cell s, as well as other liquid electrode solid electrolyte fuel cell designs. References ... more details
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- Cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient agar
Unreferenced date December 2009 File A clear CLED agar plate after cultivation.jpg thumb A clear CLED agar plate after cultivation File Lactose non lactose fermenters on CLED agar.jpg thumb Colonies of lactose and non lactose fermenting bacteria on CLED agar CLED agar cystine lactose electrolyte wikt deficient deficient medium is a valuable non inhibitory growth medium used in the isolation and differentiation of urine urinary organisms. Being electrolyte deficient, it prevents the swarming of Proteus bacterium Proteus species. Cystine promotes the formation of cystine dependent dwarf colonies. Lactose fermenters produce yellow Colony biology colonies on CLED agar non lactose fermenters appear blue. It has a pH of approximately 7.3. CLED agar contains class wikitable Peptide Peptone 4g l Lab Lemco powder 3g l Tryptone 4g l Lactose 10g l L Cystine 128 mg l Bromothymol blue 20 mg l Agar No. 1 15g l Growth media DEFAULTSORT Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient Agar Category Microbiological media ca Agar CLED de C.L.E.D. Agar es Agar CLED pt gar CLED ... more details
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- EOSFET
Unreferenced date December 2009 An EOSFET or electrolyte oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is a FET , like a MOSFET , but with the metal replaced by electrolyte solution for the detection of neuron al activity. Many EOSFETs are integrated in a neurochip . DEFAULTSORT Eosfet Category Electrochemistry Category Sensors Category Transistor types de Electrolyte oxide semiconductor field effect transistor fr Electrolyte Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor nl EOSFET ... more details
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- Lyte
Lyte may refer to Electrolyte Lyte surname , multiple people with the surname See also Light disambiguation disambig ... more details
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- Hyperbicarbonatemia
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Hyperbicarbonatemia is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an abnormally elevated level of bicarbonate in the blood . This is associated with alkalosis , hypercapnia . Category Electrolyte disturbances Treatment stub ... more details
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- Pseudocapacitor
Pseudocapacitors store energy by charge transfer between electrode and electrolyte , unlike Electric double layer capacitor Electrical Double Layer Capacitors . Category Capacitors Electronics stub ... more details
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- Solvent extraction and electrowinning
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Solvent extraction and electrowinning SX EW is a two stage metallurgy process that first extracts and upgrades copper ions from low grade leach solutions into a concentrated electrolyte Solvent extraction , and then deposits pure copper onto cathode s using an electrolyte electrolytic procedure electrowinning . References reflist DEFAULTSORT Sx Ew Category Metallurgical processes Industry stub uk SX EW ... more details
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- Milk-and-alkali tetany
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date November 2006 Milk and alkali tetany is a form of tetany medical sign tetany cramps of the wrists and hands carpal spasm or legs pedal spasm caused by an electrolyte imbalance. Sufferers from peptic ulcer s often take an alkali such as bicarbonate of soda to relieve the symptoms, and wash it down with milk . This causes the calcium of the milk to precipitate out, whilst the phosphate is digested. Treatment consists simply of discontinuing the habit. Category Electrolyte disturbances ... more details
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- Weak salt
Unreferenced date May 2007 Weak salts or weak electrolyte salts are, as the name suggests, composed of weak electrolyte s. They are generally more volatility chemistry volatile than strong salt s. They may be similar in odor to the acid or base chemistry base they are derived from. For example, sodium acetate , NaCH sub 3 sub COO, smells similar to acetic acid CH sub 3 sub COOH. Category Electrochemistry physical chemistry stub ... more details
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- Reserve battery
use in several ways. The battery can have water or electrolyte added manually, the battery can be activated when the system is dropped into the water such as in a sonobuoy , or electrolyte can be stored ... or shock. A molten salt battery molten electrolyte battery is activated by igniting a pyrotechnic .... In missiles, reserve batteries typically use a small container of pressurized air to force the electrolyte ... to use of the term venting for preparing of any kind of battery for disposal, whether draining electrolyte ... salt as an electrolyte. The battery is in an inert state until the electrolyte melts through heating ... the electrolyte is water that has to be added, such as HydroPak or NoPoPo . References reflist Category ... more details
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- Law of dilution
measurements by applying the formula . The value of determined at various dilutions of an electrolyte ... electrolytes is due to the following factors i The law is based on the fact that only a portion of the electrolyte ... conductivity math Lambda 0 math boundary conductivity c concentration of electrolyte. See also Autosolvolysis ... more details
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- Trough battery
Unreferenced date January 2007 Image Trough battery.jpg frame right A trough battery. File NMAH DC IMG 8837.JPG thumb right Joseph Priestley s trough battery in front The trough battery was a variant of Alessandro Volta s Voltaic Pile and was invented by William Cruickshank chemist William Cruickshank circa 1800. Disadvantage of the pile Volta s battery consisted of brine soaked pieces of cloth sandwiched between zinc and copper discs, piled in a stack. This resulted in electrolyte leakage as the weight of the discs squeezed the electrolyte out of the cloth. Advantage of the trough Cruickshank solved this problem by laying the battery on its side in a rectangular box. The inside of this box was lined with shellac for insulation, and pairs of welded together zinc and copper plates were laid out in this box, evenly spaced. The spaces between the plates the troughs were filled with dilute sulfuric acid . So long as the box was not knocked about, there was no risk of electrolyte spillage. Galvanic cells Category Battery electricity ca Pila d artesa es Pila de artesa fr Pile auge ... more details
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- Galvanoluminescence
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Galvanoluminescence Is the emission of light produced by the passage of an electrical current through an appropriate electrolyte in which an electrode , made of certain metals such as aluminium or tantalum , has been immersed. An example being the electrolysis of sodium bromide NaBr . Category Luminescence Category Materials science Physics stub ... more details
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- Electroetching
Refimprove date January 2009 Electroetching is a metal etching process ref cite journal last Behr first Marion last2 Behr first2 Omri title Environmentally safe Etching journal Chem Tech volume 21 issue 4 pages 210 year 1991 ref that involves the use of a solution of an electrolyte , an anode and a cathode . The metal piece to be etched is connected to the positive pole of a source of Direct current direct electric current . A piece of the same metal is connected to the negative pole of the direct current source and is called the cathode. In order to reduce unwanted electro chemical effects, the anode and the cathode should be of the same metal. Similarly the cation of the electrolyte should be of the same metal as well. When the current source is turned on, the metal of the anode is dissolved and converted into the same cation as in the electrolyte and at the same time an equal amount of the cation in the solution is converted into metal and deposited on the cathode. Depending on the voltage used and the concentration of the electrolyte, other, more complex electrochemical effects can take place at the anode and the cathode but the solution at the anode and deposition at the cathode are the main effects. See also Etching Non toxic etching Etching glass Glass etching Industrial etching Notes reflist External links http link.aip.org link ?JESOAN 123 703 1 Electroetching of Platinum in the Titanium Platinum Gold Metallization on Silicon Integrated Circuits Category Etching de Elektro tzen ... more details
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- Aquaresis
Aquaresis is the excretion of water without electrolyte loss. It is preferable to diuresis in the treatment of hyponatremia . ref cite book title Principles of Ambulatory Medicine author Nicholas H. Fiebach and Lee Randol Barker pages 1390 date 2007 publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins id ISBN 0781762278 ref med stub References reflist Category Physiology ... more details
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- GDC
GDC may refer to Gadolinium doped Cerium IV oxide ceria , a ceramic electrolyte used in Solid oxide fuel cell Electrolyte solid oxide fuel cells Game Developers Conference , a popular annual video game conference General Development Corporation General Dental Council Gross Dealer Concession Guglielmi Detachable Coil Society of Graphic Designers of Canada GDC , a D programming language D programming language front end for the GNU Compiler Collection Virginia General District Court Gravity Discovery Centre Gravity Discovery Center , Gingin, Western Australia disambig de GDC fr GDC it GDC nl GDC ja GDC sv GDC ... more details
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- Sorption
Wiktionary Sorption is a physics physical and chemistry chemical process by which one substance becomes attached to another. Specific cases of sorption are treated in the following articles Absorption chemistry Absorption the incorporation of a substance in one state into another of a different state e.g., liquid s being absorbed by a solid or gases being absorbed by a liquid Adsorption the physical adherence or bonding of ion s and molecule s onto the surface of another phase e.g., reagents adsorbed to a solid catalyst surface Ion exchange an exchange of ion s between two electrolyte s or between an electrolyte solution and a complex chemistry complex Category Physical chemistry de Sorption et Sorptsioon el fr Sorption hi id Absorpsi it Assorbimento gas liquido nl Absorptie fysische chemie no Absorpsjon ru th tk Absorbsi a uk ... more details
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- Darrow Yannet diagram
A Darrow Yannet diagram is a schematic used in physiology to identify how the volumes of extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid alter in response to conditions such as adrenal insufficiency and SIADH . It was developed in 1935. ref cite journal author Darrow D, Yannet H title The changes in the distribution of body water accompanying increase and decrease in extracellular electrolyte journal J Clin Invest volume 14 issue 2 pages 266 75 year 1935 pmid 16694297 doi 10.1172 JCI100674 pmc 424678 ref References references Renal physiology Category Electrolyte disturbances Category Article Feedback 5 ... more details
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- Isotachophoresis
Image ITP separation model.png thumb 350px Stadia during an ITP separation of a mix of two analytes. br White leading electrolyte gray terminating electrolyte hatched the analytes Image Self sharpening effect.png thumb 350px The self sharpening effect in ITP due to a difference in electrical field, an ion will move faster when it comes in the previous zone, and slower when it comes in the next zone. Therefore it will return to its own zone. Below the corresponding electrical field for each zone Isotachophoresis lang el iso equal, tachos speed, phoresis migration is a technique in analytical chemistry used to separate charged particles. It is a further development of electrophoresis . It is a powerful separation technique using a discontinuous electrical field to create sharp boundaries between the sample constituents. In conventional electrophoresis almost all the current is carried by the electrolytic buffer. The sample constituents migrate under influence of a homogeneous electrical field. The buffer determines the pH of the medium as well as the dissociation degree of the sample elements according to their pK values. The sample constituents migrate at different speeds and become diluted by diffusion. Preparation of the sample is often necessary to concentrate the sample elements before application. In isotachophoresis the sample is introduced between a fast leading electrolyte and a slow terminating electrolyte. After application of an electric potential a low electrical field is created in the leading electrolyte and a high electrical field in the terminating electrolyte. The pH at sample level is determined by the counter ion of the leading electrolyte that migrates in the opposite direction. In the first stage the sample constituents migrate at different speeds and start to separate from each other. The faster constituents will create a lower electrical field in the leading part of the sample zone and vice versa. Finally the constituents will completely separa ... more details
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- Reversible hydrogen electrode
electrode standard. The term refers to a hydrogen electrode immersed in the electrolyte solution ... of the electrolyte by Cl sup sup or SO sub 4 sub sup 2 sup no diffusion potentials at the electrolyte ... time measurements possible no electrolyte bridge means no maintenance of the bridge See also Dynamic ... more details
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- ITIES
metals are used to pass the current. The aqueous supporting electrolyte must be hydrophilic, e.g. LiCl, and the organic electrolyte must be lipophilic, e.g. tetraheptylammonium tetra pentafluorophenyl ... more details
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