dictdef Electronichardware refers to interconnected Electronics electronic components which perform analog circuit analog or Digital electronics logic operations on received and locally stored information to produce as output or store resulting new information or to provide control for output actuator mechanisms. Electronichardware can range from individual Computer chips chips electrical network circuits to distributed information processing systems. Well designed electronichardware is composed of hierarchies of functional modules which inter communicate via precisely defined interfaces. Hardware logic The term hardware logic is primarily a differentiation of the data processing circuitry from other more generalized circuitry. For example nearly all computers include a power supply which consists of circuitry not involved in data processing but rather powering the data processing circuits. Similarly, a computer may output information to a computer monitor or audio amplifier which is also not involved in the computational processes. Electronics stub DEFAULTSORT ElectronicHardware Category Electronics terms Category Electronic engineering ... more details
Other uses Hardware is a general term for equipment that can be touched held by hand such as Key lock keys , lock device lock s, hinge s, latch hardware latch es, handle grip handle s, wire , chain s, belt mechanical belt s, plumbing supplies, electrical supplies, tool s, food utensil utensil s, cutlery and machine parts. Household hardware is typically sold in hardware store s. wiktionary Category Hardware mechanical Category Equipment Category Locksmithing Category Wire Category Chains Category Belt drives Category Plumbing Category Electrical wiring Category Tools Category Article Feedback 5 Types of tools tool stub bg cy Caledwedd ko kk ml mhr ps ru simple Hardware ckb tr Donan m ... more details
Hardware is a general term for equipment such as Key lock keys , lock device lock s, hinge s, latch hardware latch es, handle grip handle s, wire , chains, plumbing supplies, tool s, food utensil utensil s, cutlery and machine parts. Household hardware is typically sold in hardware store s. Hardware may also refer to wiktionary hardwareHardware store , a business which sells household hardware Builders hardware , hardware for doors, cabinets, windows, bathrooms, etc. Computer hardware , the collection of physical elements that comprise a computer system Personal computer hardware , the component devices of a personal computer Open source hardware , physical artifacts of technology designed and offered in the same manner as free and open source software Electronichardware , interconnected electronic components Electronic component , a basic electronic element Hardware TV series , a British situation comedy Hardware film , a 1990 film Hardware album , a studio album by the heavy metal band Krokus Hardware comics , a character from Milestone Comics Hardware band , a supergroup consisting of Bootsy Collins, Buddy Miles, and Stevie Salas Hardware development cooperation , one aspect of technology transfer another name for Military technology and equipment disambig cs Hardware rozcestn k de Hardware Begriffskl rung fr Hardware homonymie it Hardware disambigua ml pl Hardware ujednoznacznienie fi Hardware t smennyssivu sv Hardware tl Hardwer paglilinaw th tr Donan m ... more details
wiktionary Electronic may refer to Engineering Electronics , devices including active amplifying electrical components Electronic component , a basic electronic element Electronic communications Electronic engineering Electronic storage of data using an electronic device Electronic stability control Computing and the Internet Electronic computer or computer Electronic digital computer When using computer files or the Internet, often shortened to e as in e mail for electronic mail, or prefix e as in eCommerce for electronic commerce. Electronic commerce Electronic publishing Entertainment Electronic band or its self titled debut album Electronic album Electronic album Electronics magazine Electronics magazine Electronic music Electronica Electronic Arts , Inc. Warfare Electronic Warfare Electronic countermeasures disambiguation da Elektronisk es Electr nica desambiguaci n simple Electronic ... more details
in the hardware subsystems so that there is a minimum of electrical connections and electronic communications ... CAM Electronic design automation EDA Elmer FEM solver Finite element analysis Hardware architect ...dablink This article is about Hardware Architecture the term refers to the architectural design of a physical device, or system, often comprising both hardware and software. For other uses, see for example Computer Architecture , Computer Hardware or Architecture disambiguation . Image LOCKHEED F 117A .... In engineering, hardware architecture refers to the identification of a system s physical components and their interrelationships. This description, often called a hardware design model , allows hardware ... definition of a hardware architecture allows the various traditional engineering disciplines e.g., electrical ... software and hardware architecture for multi shaped robots using real time dynamic behavior identification ... doi 10.1016 j.knosys.2007.05.008 ref Hardware is also an expression used within the computer engineering industry to explicitly distinguish the electronic computer hardware from the software which runs in it. But hardware, within the automation and software engineering disciplines, need not simply ... and distributed throughout the aircraft and resident in both standard computer hardware and in specialized ... assistants PDAs , cell phones, surgical instrumentation, satellites, and submarines. Hardware architecture is therefore the representation of an engineered or to be engineered electronic or electromechanical hardware system, and the process and discipline for effectively implementing the design s for such a system ... a hardware system, the relationships among those elements, and the wiktionary rule rules governing ..., and or a design from that architecture, of a hardware system within a set of constraints ... effective way to design the system within a set of constraints. A hardware architecture is primarily ... operated by or the electronic displays viewed by a User computing user . This latter, special interface ... more details
about the obfuscation of electronichardware obfuscation as used in computer software code obfuscation orphan date February 2010 Hardware obfuscation is a technique by which the description or the structure of electronichardware is modified to intentionally conceal its function engineering functionality ... of a electronic circuit circuit . It is also different from cryptography based hardware IP ... obfuscation Hardware Trojan computing References reflist Category Electronic design Category Electronic ... from digital watermarking where the ownership is concealed in the digital content itself , or from hardware ... DAC , 2002. ref The importance of hardware watermarking has increased in the recent years due to widespread adoption of hardware IP based design practices for modern integrated circuit s ICs such as system on a chip system on chips SoCs . Major security issues associated with hardware IPs include a hardware intellectual property infringement during SoC design b reverse engineering the manufactured ... counterfeit or clone ICs and c malicious modifications of an IP through the insertion of Hardware Trojan computing hardware Trojan to cause in field functional failure . Hardware obfuscation aims ... adversary to comprehend the actual functionality of a design. Hardware obfuscation techniques can be classified ... of the electronic system , and b the active techniques, which directly alter the functionality of the system. Often the active hardware obfuscation techniques are key based , such that normal ... of key based, active hardware obfuscation is similar in principle to symmetric key algorithm private ... levels of hardware description, namely gate level or register transfer level RTL design and hence ... and S. Bhunia RTL hardware IP protection using key based control and data flow obfuscation , International ... change in the hardware description language HDL description of a circuit including loop ... programs , Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology CRYPTO , 2001. ref Hardware watermarking ... more details
Free software List of open source hardware projects Amateur radio and Amateur television DIY Electronic ...Infobox company name Qi Hardware Inc. logo File Qi symbol black 256.png 125px div style height 0.5em ... Computer hardware br Computer software br Consumer electronics br Digital distribution products ... 2 li Milkymist Qi hardware , also called Copyleft hardware , is hardware that attempts to apply the Free ... to the hardware layer. The project is both a popular open hardware community websites and a company, co founded by Wolfgang Spraul and Yi Zhang, that makes hardware products. Originally formed from ... openmoko layoffs lead to new open hardware venture title Openomoko Layoffs Lead to New Open Hardware ... key members formed Qi Hardware Inc and Sharism At Work Ltd. Thus far, the project has released the Ben Nanonote ref cite web url http www.bit tech.net news hardware 2010 03 16 qi hardware launches nanonote 1 title Qi Hardware launches NanoNote publisher bit tech.com date 2010 03 16 author Gareth ... tiny hackable ben nanonote now shipping title Qi Hardware s tiny, hackable Ben NanoNote now shipping ... url http www.pcmag.com article2 0,2817,2364710,00.asp title Qi Hardware Launches Open Source Computer ... http www.linux netbook.com qi hardware ben nanonote title Qi Hardware Ben NanoNote publisher linux.com ... 2011 06 17 qi hardware debuts free open source wireless solution not a th title Qi Hardware ... hardware releases free wireless hardware title Qi Hardware Releases Free Wireless Hardware publisher ... title Phillips Qi Hardware Releases Free Wireless Hardware publisher lwn.net date 2011 06 16 author ... title Qi Hardware makes open source wireless networking tech publisher electronista.com ... fabricatorz.com 2011 06 qi hardware releases first batch of 6lowpan wireless devices title Qi Hardware ... between copyleft hardware and open source hardware is very similar to the distintion between Free Software and Open Source Software . Copyleft hardware is essentially requiring that all plans for Hardware ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In the automation and engineering environments, the hardware engineer or architect encompasses the electronic engineering and electrical engineering fields, with subspecialities in analog circuit analog , digital , or electromechanical systems. The hardware systems architect or hardware architect is responsible for Interfacing with a systems architect or consumer client ... and or complex hardware systems that require a hardware architect not to require substantial software and a systems architect. The hardware architect will therefore normally interface with a systems architect ... client stakeholders. However, in the absence of a systems architect, the hardware systems architect ... needs to be realized in hardware. The hardware architect may also need to interface directly with a software ... the highest level of hardware requirements, based on the user s needs and other constraints such as cost ... analyses to determine the best methods or approaches for meeting the hardware requirements making ... algorithms and other processes to allocate all present and foreseeable hardware requirements into discrete hardware partitions such that a minimum of communications protocol communications is needed among partitions, and between the user and the system. Partitioning large hardware systems into successive layers of subsystem s and components each of which can be handled by a single hardware engineer or team of engineers. Ensuring that a maximally robust hardware architecture is developed ... , and the user, which determine that all of the high level hardware requirements have been met, especially ... system. The hardware architect must remain constantly in communication with the end users or a systems ... product of the user and hardware architect or, the systems and hardware architects the user brings ..., and requirements creep. The development of the first level of hardware engineering requirements is not a purely analytical exercise and should also involve both the hardware architect and engineer ... more details
expand further date February 2012 Graphics hardware is computer hardware that enables computers to produce and show computer graphics . It works in conjuntion with graphics software . Examples of graphics hardware are display device display devices , graphics card s, graphics processing unit s and motion capture hardware. See also Graphics hardware and FOSS Category Graphics hardware computer stub ... more details
Image Ikos NSIM 64.jpg thumb right Ikos NSIM 64 Hardware simulation accelerator. about emulating hardware with other hardware emulation of hardware using software emulator In integrated circuit design , hardware emulation is the process of imitating the behavior of one or more pieces of hardware typically a system under design with another piece of hardware, typically a special purpose emulation system. The emulation model is usually based on Register transfer level RTL e.g. Verilog source code, which is compiled into the format used by emulation system. The goal is normally debugging and Functional verification of the system being designed. Often an emulator is fast enough to be plugged into a working target system in place of a yet to be built chip, so the whole system can be debugged with live data. This is a specific case of In circuit emulator in circuit emulation . Sometimes hardware emulation can be confused with hardware devices such as expansion cards with hardware processors that assist functions of software emulation, such as older daughterboards with x86 chips to allow x86 ... designs and almost always too slow to run application software against the hardware design. Field .... Here the design is mapped into a hardware accelerator to run much faster and the testbench ... still providing a comprehensive hardware debug environment. Debugging simulations vs. emulations ... hardware is often used to provide both simulation acceleration and in circuit emulation, these systems provide a blend of these two very different debugging styles. High end hardware emulators provide ... of accelerators using hardware for implementation they have only two logic states acting the way ... is debugged to create multiple copies for system analysis and software development. See also Hardware ... Emulator HP 64000 different CPUs References Electronic Design Automation For Integrated Circuits ... Graphics Veloce emulation systems Category Electronic circuit verification ... more details
Evolvable hardware EH is a new field about the use of evolutionary algorithm s EA to create specialized electronics without manual engineering. It brings together reconfigurable hardware , artificial intelligence , fault tolerance and autonomous system s. Evolvable hardware refers to hardware that can change its architecture and behavior dynamically and autonomously by interacting with its environment. Introduction In its most fundamental form an evolutionary algorithm manipulates a population of individuals where each individual describes how to construct a candidate circuit. Each circuit is assigned a Optimization mathematics fitness , which indicates how well a candidate circuit satisfies the design specification. The evolutionary algorithm uses stochastic operators to evolve new circuit configurations from existing ones. Done properly, over time the evolutionary algorithm will evolve a circuit configuration that exhibits desirable behavior. Each candidate circuit can either be simulated or physically implemented in a reconfigurable device. Typical reconfigurable devices are field ... peculiarities of the hardware that engineers normally avoid. For example, one group of gates ... hardware. In other cases, an existing circuit must adapt i.e., modify its configuration to compensate ... matches the design specification. Fitness in evolvable hardware problems is determined via two ... physical tests are run on actual hardware. In extrinsic evolution only the final best solution in the final .... Future research directions Evolvable hardware problems fall into two categories original design ... Hardware A Practical Guide for Designing Self Adaptive Systems, Wiley IEEE Press, 2006 See ... events ahs2006 NASA ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems AHS 2006 http www.see.ed.ac.uk ahs2007 AHS.htm NASA ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems AHS 2007 NASA used ... Category Electronic design ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Proprietary hardware is computer hardware whose interface is controlled by the proprietor , often under patent or trade secret trade secret protection . Historically, most early computer hardware was designed as proprietary until the 1980s, when IBM PC changed this paradigm. Earlier, in 1970s, many vendors tried to challenge IBM s monopoly in the mainframe computer market by reverse engineering and producing hardware components electrically compatible with expensive equipment and usually able to run the same software. Those vendors were nicknamed plug compatible manufacturers PCMs . See also Vendor lock in Hardware restrictions Micro Channel architecture , a commonly cited historical example of proprietary hardware Proprietary software Compu hardware stub DEFAULTSORT Proprietary Hardware Category Computer peripherals Category Proprietary hardware ... more details
Refimprove date April 2010 Computer hardware virtualization is the virtualization of computer s or operating ... King D, Lee J, Viehland D year 2008 title Electronic Commerce A Managerial Perspective edition .... Platform virtualization is performed on a given hardware platform by host software a control program ... systems. The guest software executes as if it were running directly on the physical hardware ..., depending on the hardware access policy implemented by the virtualization host. Virtualization often ... are replaced by one larger physical server to increase the utilization of costly hardware resources such as CPU. Although hardware is consolidated, typically OSs are not. Instead, each OS running ... machine can be provisioned as needed without the need for an up front hardware purchase. A virtual ... virtual servers could be run on a single physical server, in order to more fully utilize the hardware ..., and a clean copy used next time. Full virtualization Main Full virtualization File Hardware Virtualization ... machine simulates enough hardware to allow an unmodified guest OS one designed for the same instruction ... , and Egenera vBlade technology. Hardware assisted virtualization Main Hardware assisted virtualization In hardware assisted virtualization, the hardware provides architectural support that facilitates ... al. Intel virtualization technology, Computer , vol.38, no.5, pp. 48 56, May 2005 ref Hardware assisted ... virtual machine operating system. In 2005 and 2006, Intel and AMD provided additional hardware to support ... T3 UltraSPARC T Series processors in 2005. Examples of virtualization platforms adapted to such hardware ... for SPARC , VirtualBox and Parallels Workstation . In 2006 first generation 32 and 64 bit x86 hardware ... www.vmware.com pdf asplos235 adams.pdf A Comparison of Software and Hardware Techniques for x86 Virtualization ..., USA Surprisingly, we find that the first generation hardware support rarely offers performance advantages ... simulates multiple instances of much of an underlying hardware environment, particularly address space ... more details
Hardware mixing is a performance feature of computer audio hardware which enables sound card s to receive multiple audio streams and play them all at the same time. Hardware mixing improves performance by offloading audio mixing operations from the CPU and performing them at hardware speeds. In addition to mixing, the hardware performs related operations such as sample rate conversion SRC , attenuation, and, optionally, 3D processing that would otherwise need to be performed in software. On Microsoft Windows , hardware mixing is also referred to as hardware buffering or as DirectSound hardware acceleration . Those cards which offer hardware mixing include professional multichannel audio interfaces and Creative Labs X Fi, Live & Audigy series soundcards. Fact date June 2009 DxDiag can be used to test if the audio hardware supports hardware mixing. See also Sound card DirectSound External links http www.alsa project.org jfulmer alsa faq.html Advanced Linux Sound Architecture ALSA FAQs Categories Category Computer peripherals Category Sound cards Category Audio mixing ... more details
Hardware Secrets is a leading US based PC hardware review website, published by Brazil born Gabriel Torres . Torres is also the owner of the largest website about computers in South America , Clube do Hardware . Hardware Secrets motto is Uncomplicating the Complicated. This approach has often given Hardware Secrets a unique edge over other PC hardware review websites by providing a number of how to articles, data sheets and computer autopsies, including the very popular http www.hardwaresecrets.com article 327 Anatomy of Switching Power Supplies . Hardware Secrets was launched in 1999, with its current design and focus introduced in January 2005. External links http www.hardwaresecrets.com Hardware Secrets website Category Computing websites Category Internet forums ... more details
File PDP 11 M7270.jpg thumb PDP 11 CPU board distinguish hardware Computer hardware is the collection of physical elements that comprise a computer system. See also History of computing hardware Mainframe computer Minicomputer Personal computer Personal computer hardware Computer architecture Von Neumann architecture Central processing unit Computer data storage Input output Peripheral Basic computer components Category Computer hardware computer stub ... more details
Hardware disease is a common term for bovine traumatic reticuloperitonitis . It is usually caused by the ingestion of a sharp, metallic object. These pieces of metal settle in the Reticulum anatomy reticulum , and can irritate or penetrate the lining. ref name Bonnard L. Moseley cite web title Hardware Disease of Cattle url https mospace.umsystem.edu xmlui bitstream handle 10355 3652 HardwareDiseaseOfCattle.pdf?sequence 1 accessdate 2011 11 10 ref It is most common in dairy cattle, but is occasionally seen in beef cattle. It is very rarely reported in any other ruminant s. ref name The Merck Veterinary Manual cite web title Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis url http www.merckvetmanual.com mvm index.jsp?cfile htm bc 21706.htm accessdate 2011 11 10. ref It can be difficult to conclusively diagnose and it can be prevented by the oral administration of a magnet before the cow reaches the age of one. ref name The Merck Veterinary Manual Causes Cattle commonly swallow foreign objects, because they do not use their lips to discriminate between materials and they do not completely chew their feed before swallowing. Sharp metallic objects, such as Nail fastener nail s or wire , are the common initiators of hardware disease. ref name The Merck Veterinary Manual The object travels into the rumen ... M. Cavedo cite web title Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis Hardware Disease in Cattle url http www.vet.uga.edu ... the veterinarian examines the cow. ref name The Merck Veterinary Manual Symptoms of hardware disease ..., but increases in fibrinogen and total Blood proteins plasma protein often result from Hardware disease and may be diagnosed with a blood sample. ref name The Merck Veterinary Manual Electronic ... ultrasonograph . ref name The Merck Veterinary Manual Treatment If Hardware disease is suspected ... L. Moseley, University of Missouri, Hardware Disease of Cattle , https mospace.umsystem.edu xmlui bitstream ... J. Bain, University of Georgia, Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis Hardware Disease in Cattle , http ... more details
semiprotected Builders hardware , or just builders hardware , is a group of metal hardware specifically ... include door handle s, door hinge s, Deadbolt bolts , latch hardware latches , numerals, letter plates, switch plates, and door knocker s. Builders hardware is commonly available in brass , steel , aluminium , stainless steel , and iron . Main suppliers in the world of builders hardware mainly exist in China, India, Mexico and some in the U.S. Classifications While builders hardware is classified ... it is used, or by usage. Bathroom hardware Bathroom hardware includes the products that are used in constructing ... s, shower s, holders, tubs, shelves, mirrors, etc. Door hardware All those products that are used either in door decoration, maintenance, or in any other function come under door hardware, such as door handles, fasteners, hinge s, hooks, number plates, knockers, etc. Furniture hardware Furniture hardware are those products that are used to support the furniture look, design and durability. Furniture hardware products include furniture frames, furniture legs, furniture arms, etc. Safety & security hardware Buildings, goods and their occupants needs protection from fire, intruders, and other ... detector s, lockset locksets , window guards, etc. Plumbing hardware Plumbing hardware products are used for supplying water throughout the building using hose, pipes and tubes. These hardware products ... . Cabinet hardware The products that are used to make cabinets working come under cabinet hardware like cabinet fasteners, brackets, latches, hinges, pulls, locks, etc. Cabinet hardware are small ... s and may be glass es. Window hardware Window hardware does not include window itself rather they are smaller ..., fasteners, handles, hinges, locks and many more. Curtain hardware Curtain hardware includes products ... hardware products are made of varieties of materials including metals and plastics. Mostly aluminum ... last Towne first Henry Robinson title Locks and builders hardware a hand book for architects publisher ... more details
unreferenced date July 2009 In computing , Hardware acceleration is the use of computer hardware to perform some function faster than is possible in computer software software running on the general purpose Central processing unit CPU . Examples of hardware acceleration include blitting acceleration functionality in graphics processing unit s GPUs and instructions for complex operations in CPUs. Normally, processors are sequential, and instructions are executed one by one. Various techniques are used to improve performance hardware acceleration is one of them. The main difference between hardware and software is concurrency computer science concurrency , allowing hardware to be much faster than software. Hardware accelerators are designed for computationally intensive software code. Depending upon granularity, hardware acceleration can vary from a small functional unit to a large functional block like motion estimation in MPEG 2 . The hardware that performs the acceleration, when in a separate unit from the CPU, is referred to as a hardware accelerator , or often more specifically as graphics accelerator or floating point unit floating point accelerator , etc. Those terms, however, are older and have been replaced with less descriptive terms like video card or graphics card . Many hardware accelerators are built on top of field programmable gate array chips. Recently, regular expression hardware acceleration has been gaining popularity in the server industry, owing to very noticeable speed ups in anti spam techniques spam control . citation needed date January 2011 See also Coprocessor Field programmable gate array GPGPU SSL acceleration TCP Offload Engine Categories Category Central processing unit Category Gate arrays Category Graphics hardware de Hardwarebeschleunigung es Aceleraci n por hardware eu Hardware bidezko azelerazio fr Acc l ration mat rielle gl Aceleraci n por hardware ko it Acceleratore informatica nl Hardware acceleratie ja ru ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2008 Porter Hardware , the oldest continually operating hardware store in the state of Alabama , was opened in 1889 by Edwin Russell Porter and Joel Murphree in the city of Dothan, Alabama Dothan and is still operated today by Mr. Porter s descendants. The interior and exterior of Porter Hardware remains virtually unaltered and it maintains a large inventory of hardware and hard to find items. History Mr. Porter bought the lot on East Main Street in Dothan, Alabama for 300 and built the E.R. Porter Hardware building. Mr. Murphree sold his interest in the hardware to Mr. Porter a few years later and moved back to Troy, Alabama . Porter Hardware has remained in the Porter family ever since. Mr. Porter died in 1944, and it was his desire that the hardware store continue to retain its original appearance. Since that time, everything except the type of inventory has remained the same. Porter Hardware is currently owned by Mr. Porter s daughter, Jane Porter Thrower and is managed by his granddaughter, Jane Thrower II. His great grandson E.R. Conaway is also employed at Porter Hardware. The Hardware One of the city of Dothan, Alabama Dothan s first rope elevators made by the Otis Elevator company is still in daily operation at Porter Hardware. Porter Hardware has its original embossed tin ceilings, but part of the flooring was replaced in the 1940s. The sliding ladders located on the side aisles of the store are still used to get hard to reach items. The Office The office of Porter Hardware has an antique safe and a vault with an ornately decorated door. There are pictures of the founder Mr. Porter and one of his managers H.T. Scarborough who helped manage Porter Hardware for 60 year until his retirement in 1976. There is also a picture of the store taken ... community of Dothan, Alabama Dothan is, if Porter Hardware doesn t have it, it s not in town Category Hardware stores of the United States Category Companies based in Dothan, Alabama Category Retail ... more details
Handy Hardware is a hardware store retailers cooperative serving 1,200 retailers in 12 states in the United States , from Colorado to Florida, and in Mexico and Central America as well. It was founded in 1954 in Houston, Texas . ref http catalog2.handyhardware.com WebSiteModule MainPage.html ref Handy Hardware is a member owner of Distribution America, second largest wholesale marketing organization in the United States. ref http www.daonline.com retailers.html ref External links http www.handyhardware.com Handy Hardware http www.handyhardware.ie Handy Hardware Ireland References reflist Category Retailers cooperatives Category Companies established in 1954 Category Companies based in Houston, Texas Category Hardware stores of the United States US retail company stub ... more details
for hard disk drive caddies disk enclosure In computer hardware, a caddy refers to a sheath used to hold some media. If the medium is a hard disk drive , the caddy is also referred to as a disk enclosure , which is discussed there. It also refers to optical disks, such as CD ROM s, which are the focus of this article. The purpose of a disk caddy is to protect the disk from damage when handling their use dates back to at least the Capacitance Electronic Disc in 1976, and they were used in initial versions of Blu ray Disc s, ref name BDF general whitepaper cite web url http www.blu raydisc.com Assets Downloadablefile general bluraydiscformat 15263.pdf format PDF title White paper, Blu ray Disc Format, General author Blu ray Disc Founders accessdate 2009 04 16 date 2004 08 ref though newer versions use Blu ray Disc Hard coating technology hard coating technology to prevent scratches and do not need a caddy. Caddies may be an integral part of the media as in some DVD RAM discs, or separately attached. Examples File Macintosh centris 660av.jpg left thumb A CD caddy being inserted into a Macintosh Centris 660AV Caddies date at least to the Capacitance Electronic Disc , which used a caddy from 1976 to protect the grooves of the disc. ref cite web title Comparison of 1977 CED Media to Final Production Media publisher CEDMagic.com url http cedmagic.com history ced 1977 vs 1982.html accessdate 2007 03 10 ref File Cd caddies JPG.jpg right thumb Two Compact Disc caddies Some early CD ROM drives used a mechanism where CDs had to be inserted into special cartridges or caddies, somewhat similar in appearance to a jewel case . Although the idea behind this a tougher plastic shell to protect the disc from damage was sound, it did not gain wide acceptance among disc manufacturers. Drives that used the caddy format required bare discs to be placed into a caddy before use, making them less ... references Category Computer storage media Comp hardware stub ... more details
Networking hardware typically refers to equipment facilitating the use of a computer networking computer network . Typically, this includes Router computing router s, network switch switches , ethernet hub hubs , Gateway telecommunications gateways , wireless access point access point s, network interface card s, Networking cables , network bridge s, modem s, Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN adapters , Firewall computing firewalls and other equipments. In the most common modernor portable and hand held devices. Other hardware prevalent within computer networking is datacenter equipment such as file server s, database server s and storage area network storage area s , network service s such as Domain name system DNS , DHCP , email etc as well as other specific network devices such as Content Delivery Network content delivery . Other diverse devices which may be considered Networking hardware include mobile phone s, Personal digital assistant PDAs and even modern coffee machine s. As technology grows and Internet Protocol IP based networks are integrated into building infrastructure and household utilities, network hardware becomes an ambiguous statement owing to the increasing number of network capable endpoints. External links http fcit.usf.edu network chap3 chap3.htm USF Explanation of network hardware Commons category Network hardware Category Networking hardware be x old et Sidev rguseadmed es Hardware de red pt Hardware de rede ru ... more details
about the Canadian chain the unaffiliated Australian chain Home Timber and Hardware Infobox Company company name Home Hardware Stores Ltd. company logo File Home Hardware Logo.svg 150px company type Private ... products Retail hardware supplies Lumber and building materials revenue est 4.85 billion Canadian dollar ... Hardware is a privately held Canadian home improvement , construction materials, and furniture retailer ... ly owned by over 1000 independently owned member stores. Banners Home Hardware consists ... hhlogos.php About Home Hardware , Home Hardware website, accessed October 4, 2006 ref Home Hardware ... supplies, building materials Home Hardware Building Centre &ndash full range of Home Hardware ... Home Hardware store brand s are well known in Canada and include Beauti Tone paint Benchmark tools ... purposes Recent history In 1981 the Eastern based Home Hardware merged with Western based Link Hardware to create a national chain. Home Hardware has survived the expansion of Home Depot The Home Depot ... Rona , into the big box arena. Image hh7746.JPG thumb A Home Hardware Building Centre in Edmonton , Alberta left Image HomeHardwareStJacobs.jpg thumb right 250px The original Home Hardware Home Furniture store in St. Jacobs, Ontario. Home Hardware locations tend to be smaller stores. In 2000 , the chain ... deal.php?id 2093 Home Hardware Acquisition , Lexpert , February 2000, accessed October 4, 2006 ref On January 11, 2003 , Home Hardware received unexpected worldwide exposure, when a T shirt worn by Avril ... and the local hardware store there. In response, the chain produced a limited edition line of identical ... for the company, though others claim Home Hardware is an iconic Canadian company. References reflist External links http www.homehardware.ca Home Hardware Official Site http www.google.com search?q cache gp230Xa565gJ www.strategymag.com articles magazine 20030407 hardware.html 22home hardware 22 revenue&hl en&gl ca&ct clnk&cd 6&client firefox a Market Data Category Hardware stores Category ... more details
Infobox company company name ACE Hardware company logo Image Ace Hardware Logo.svg 200px Ace Hardware ... pdfs 2011Q1pressrelease.pdf Ace Hardware Releases 1st Quarter 2011 Results ref homepage http www.acehardware.com acehardware.com Ace Hardware Corporation is a Retailers cooperative hardware cooperative based in Oak Brook, Illinois Oak Brook , Illinois , United States . ACE Hardware Corporation, with 4,444 May 2011 stores, does over 3 billion in retail hardware sales annually down from its peak of 12.5 billion in 2007. History Ace Hardware was founded in 1924 by Richard Hesse businessman Richard ... Chicago , Illinois . Ace Hardware, incorporated in 1928 as Ace Stores Inc., was founded to provide ... , ref http www.msnbc.msn.com id 20613194 Ace Hardware accounting off by 154 million. Associated Press ... store franchise , each Ace Hardware store looks different. Ace has placed a focus on Ace stores ..., as this is called, is aimed to make all stores look recognizable as an Ace Hardware. File ACE Hardware Springboro, OH.JPG thumb 250px An ACE Hardware store in Springboro, Ohio Ace Hardware s long time slogan The helpful hardware place has been replaced by The helpful place . Another change came when When date February 2011 its longtime jingle &mdash Ace is the place with the helpful hardware ... for Ace Hardware but was dropped because of a previously issued topless poster for Maheraja ... serves as ACE s Helpful Hardware Man and media spokesperson. Ray Griffith currently serves as the President and CEO of Ace Hardware Corporation and has served in that position since taking over for Dave .... ACE Hardware Corporation now does over 3 billion in hardware sales annually and had 12.5 billion in retail sales during 2007. Overseas shops PT ACE Hardware Indonesia Tbk Indonesia Stock Exchange IDX ACES has opened the world s largest 14,695 square meter ACE Hardware shop in Living World ... hardware to open six new outlets this year.html ref ref http www.imq21.com news read 38877 20110721 ... more details
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