wiktionary Emphasis or emphatic may refer to Emphasis telecommunications , intentional alteration of the amplitude vs. frequency characteristics of the signal to reduce adverse effects of noise Emphasistypography , visual enhancement a part of a text to make it noticeable Emphasis On Parenthesis , 2008 album by Stanton Moore Trio Emphasis Who Wants to Live Forever , 2002 single by After Forever Cultural emphasis , alleged tendency of a language s vocabulary to detail elements of the speakers culture Emphatic consonant , member of a phonological category of consonants in Semitic languages Nominative case Emphatic case Emphatic case , grammatical case used for emphasis Emphatic Diaglott , 1864 Bible translation by Benjamin Wilson Emphatic band Emphatic , Rock band from Omaha, NE founded by lead guitarist songwriter Justin McCain, fronted by vocalist Patrick Wilson. Signed to Atlantic Records in December of 09. See also Prominence disambiguation Stress disambiguation Markedness , quality of a non basic or less natural linguistic form disambig Category Greek loanwords ru ... more details
Merge to Emphasis telecommunications date June 2011 In telecommunication, de emphasis is the complement of pre emphasis , in the antinoise system called Emphasis telecommunications emphasis . Emphasis is a system process designed to decrease, within a band of frequencies , the magnitude of some usually higher frequencies with respect to the magnitude of other usually lower frequencies in order to improve the overall signal to noise ratio by minimizing the adverse effects of such phenomena as attenuation differences or saturation of recording media in subsequent parts of the system. Special time constant s dictate the frequency response curve, from which one can calculate the cutoff frequency . Pre emphasis is commonly used in audio digital recording, record cutting and FM radio transmission telecommunications transmission . In Serial communication serial data transmission , de emphasis has a different meaning, which is to reduce the level of all bits except the first one after a transition. That causes the high frequency content due to the transition to be emphasized compared to the low frequency content which is de emphasized. This is a form of transmitter equalization it compensates for losses over the channel which are larger at higher frequencies. Well known serial data standards such as PCI Express , SATA and Serial attached SCSI SAS require transmitted signals to use de emphasis. See also Pre emphasis External links http www.sengpielaudio.com calculator timeconstant.htm Deemphasis Frequency response and equalization EQ Conversion time constant to cut off frequency and vice versa Category Signal processing Category Broadcast engineering de Deemphase ... more details
Merge from Pre emphasis date June 2011 Merge from Deemphasis date June 2011 Refimprove date October 2010 In FM transmission telecommunications transmission , emphasis is the intentional alteration of the amplitude vs. frequency characteristics of the Signalling telecommunication signal to reduce adverse effects of noise in a communication system . The high frequency signal components are emphasized to produce a more equal modulation index for the transmitted frequency spectrum, and therefore a better signal to noise ratio for the entire frequency range . The whole system of preemphasis and deemphasis is called emphasis. The frequency curve is decided by special time constant s. The cutoff frequency can be calculated from that. Emphasis is commonly used in audio digital recording, record cutting and in Fm radio Technical characteristics FM radio transmission . Red Book Audio Although rarely used, there exists the capability for standardized emphasis in Red Book CD standard Red Book CD mastering. As CD s were intended to work on 14 bit audio, a specification for pre emphasis was included to compensate for Quantization error quantization noise . After production spec was set at 16 bits, quantization noise became less of a concern, but emphasis remained an option through standards revisions. The pre emphasis curve is described as 50 15 s at 20 db decade. ref cite journal first International Electrotechnical Commission title IEC 60908 year 1999 volume 2 pages 37, 131 accessdate 19 March 2012 ref See also Federal Standard 1037C and MIL STD 188 . References reflist External links http www.sengpielaudio.com calculator timeconstant.htm Emphasis Frequency response and equalization EQ Conversion time constant to cut off frequency and vice versa Category Signal processing cs Emf ze de Pre Emphasis it Deenfasi pl Deemfaza tr nvurgu ... more details
Merge to Emphasis telecommunications date June 2011 In processing electronic audio signals, pre emphasis refers to a system process designed to increase within a frequency band the magnitude of some usually higher frequencies with respect to the magnitude of other usually lower frequencies in order to improve the overall signal to noise ratio by minimizing the adverse effects of such phenomena as attenuation distortion or saturation telecommunications saturation of recording media in subsequent parts of the system. That is the mirror of the deemphasis . The whole system is called Emphasis telecommunications emphasis . The frequency curve is decided by special time constant s. The cutoff frequency can be calculated from that value. Pre emphasis is commonly used in telecommunication s, digital audio recording, phonograph record cutting, in FM broadcasting transmission telecommunications transmission s, and in displaying the spectrogram s of speech signals. An example of this is the RIAA equalization curve on 33 rpm and 45 rpm Gramophone record vinyl records . In high speed digital transmission, pre emphasis is used to improve signal integrity signal quality at the output of a data transmission . In transmitting signals at high data rates, the transmission medium may introduce distortions, so pre emphasis is used to distort the transmitted signal to correct for this distortion. When done properly this produces a received signal which more closely resembles the original or desired signal, allowing the use of higher frequencies or producing fewer bit errors. See also Pre emphasis network De emphasis References FS1037C MS188 External links http www.sengpielaudio.com calculator timeconstant.htm Preemphasis Frequency response and equalization EQ Conversion time constant to cut off frequency and vice versa Analogue TV transmitter topics Category Signal processing Category Broadcast engineering de Pr emphase pl Preemfaza tr nvurgu ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2010 Emphasis of matter is a type of paragraph in, or section of, an audit ors report on financial statement s. Such a paragraph is added to indicate a significant uncertainty or other matter, which is disclosed appropriately in the notes forming part of the financial statements, but which the auditor considers is significant or important enough to warrant a mention in their report. An emphasis of matter paragraph does not qualify the auditors opinion in fact, such paragraphs typically begin by stating Without qualifying our report... . Under the framework of the International Standards on Auditing ISA , the emphasis of matter paragraph section is placed after the opinion paragraph and, consequently, towards the end of the report , in the auditor s report. Category Financial statements finance stub ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Emphasis On Parenthesis Type studio Artist Stanton Moore Trio Cover Emphasis on Parenthesis.jpg Released April 22, 2008 Recorded Dockside Studios , Lafayette, LA by Mike Napolitano November 29, 2007 December 2, 2007 Genre Funk , Jazz Funk Length 46 55 Label Telarc Producer Stanton Moore, Mike Napolitano Last album III Stanton Moore album III br 2006 This album Emphasis On Parenthesis br 2008 Next album Album ratings rev1 All About Jazz http www.allaboutjazz.com php article.php?id 29246 link br allmusic rev1score Rating 4 5 ref Allmusic class album id r1347479 pure url yes All About Jazz http www.allaboutjazz.com php article.php?id 29246 link br allmusic review ref Automatically generated by DASHBot Emphasis On Parenthesis is an album by the Stanton Moore Trio, released on April 22, 2008. Organist Robert Walter musician Robert Walter and guitarist Will Bernard , both of whom played with Moore on his previous solo album, III Stanton Moore album III , are featured on the album. Notably, each track on the album features a title containing a parenthetical statement, as does the title of the album. This is Moore s response to the gentle ribbing of his Galactic bandmates that he includes brackets in almost every song he writes. Personnel Stanton Moore Drum set drums Robert Walter musician Robert Walter Hammond B3 organ music organ , piano , toy piano, clavinet Will Bernard guitar Tracks Late Night At the Maple Leaf 6 27 Proper Gender 2 56 Wissions of Vu 3 22 Sifting Through the African Diaspora 5 10 Over Compensatin 4 37 Smell My Special Ingredients 5 39 I Have Super Strength 3 48 Who Ate the Layer Cake? 4 28 Thanks Again 2 57 Put On Your Big People Shoes 4 08 Here Come the Brown Police 3 20 References references cite web url Allmusic class album id r1347479 pure url yes title allmusic Emphasis on Parenthesis Overview. accessdate 2008 08 08 format work cite web url http www.stantonmoore.com discography index.htm title Stanton ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Cultural emphasis is defined as an important aspect of a culture which is often reflected though language and, more specifically, vocabulary Ottenheimer, 2006, p. 266 . This means that the vocabulary people use in a culture indicates what is to that group of people. If there are a lot of words to describe a certain topic in a specific culture, then there is a good chance that that topic is considered important to that culture. Background The idea of cultural emphasis is rooted form the work of Franz Boas, who is considered to be one of the founders of American Anthropology Ottenheimer, 2006, p. 15 . Franz Boas developed and taught concepts such as cultural relativism and the cultural unconscious , which allowed anthropologists who studied under him, like Edward Sapir and Ruth Benedict , to further study and develop ideas on language and culture Hart, 2005, p. 179 . Application One way in which cultural emphasis is exemplified is a populace talks about the weather. For example, in a place where it is cold and it snows a lot, a large collection of words to describe the snow would be expected. For example Whiteout weather whiteout , blizzard , Ice storm sleeting , snowdrift , powder snow, packed snow, fresh snow. In a place where it is hot, a cornucopia of associated terms would be expected. For example dry heat, muggy, humid, sticky, monsoon season, sweltering. A concentration of related terms for similar phenomena suggests the importance in distinguishing between them. Furthermore, if you are not from the area, or that culture, you might not have experienced or know the difference between, for example, a dry heat or a humid heat, when the difference may have huge implications for the outcome of a particular action. References Hart, W. B. 2005 . Franz Boas and the roots of intercultural communication research. International and Intercultural Communication Annual, 28, 176 193. Ottenheimer, H. J. 2006 . The anthropology of language ... more details
Digital typography is the Typography arrangement of type using computers . See also Typography Computer font Web typography Desktop publishing Font rasterization computer stub Category Digital typography ... more details
Modern Typography was a reaction against the perceived decadence of typography and design of the late ... Bayer , Laszlo Moholy Nagy , El Lissitzky and others. Design concept Modern typography reflected ... Press, 1968. ref Jan Tschichold codified the principles of modern typography in his 1928 book, New Typography . He later repudiated the philosophy he espoused in this book as being fascistic, but it remained very influential. Typeface The hallmark of early modern typography is the sans serif ... and easy reading. ref Kibbee, W Modern Trends in Typography , The American Journal of Economics ... ref Objective The Modern typography states as its first objective to develop its visible ..., form must be created out of function. Only then can we achieve typography that expresses the spirit of modern man. The function of printed text is communication, emphasis word value , and the logical sequence of the contents. ref Tschichold, J. translated by McLean, R The New Typography A Handbook ... in modern typography is definitely toward simplicity and legibility, employing forms that comply ... in Typography , The American Journal of Economics and Sociology , page 219. 1948. Available online ... wrote a famous article about rules for typography in modern print in 1932. According to her everything ... on Typography , page 91. World Publishing, 1956. ref To make a good choice of typography, for modernist ... Designers in London. Later published in The Crystal Goblet Sixteen Essays on Typography , page ... simplicity of Bauhaus, Constructivism art Constructivism , Futurism and their claim that typography, like architecture , must be functional. See also Pioneers of Modern Typography Kurt Schwitters ... by McLean, Ruari, 1925 , The New Typography A Handbook for Modern Designers , University of California ... Goblet Sixteen Essays on Typography , Cleveland and New York World Publishing 1956 . Zelman, Stephanie ... onepage&q &f false Pioneers of modern typography By Herbert Spencer , Google books http books.google.ca ... more details
Orphan date December 2011 Temporal typography is typography that appears to move or change over time. It normally appears in screen based Mass media media , and in particular title sequences, Television station TV station Station identification idents , and advertising . Category Typography typ stub ... more details
ref improve date October 2011 Kinetic typography the technical name for moving text is an animation technique ... Early feature films contained temporal typography, but this was largely static text, presented sequentially ... to feature typography that was truly kinetic. Scholars recognize the first feature film to extensively use kinetic typography as Alfred Hitchcock s North by Northwest 1959 . This film s opening title ... Since then, the use of kinetic typography has become commonplace in film introductory titles and television ... of movement in temporal typography. It is necessary to make this distinction in order to classify kinetic typography in ways that acknolwedge their difference to static type which may share properties of form, but not kinetic behaviours . Kinetic typography is therefore categorised according to behaviours or action, rather than appearance. In classification, kinetic typography is a form of temporal typographytypography that is presented over time . It is distinct from other forms of temporal typography including serial presentation , which involves the sequential presentation of still typographic compositions. Layouts Barbara Brownie s model of temporal typography divides kinetic typography into motion typography subdivided into scrolling typography , dynamic layout and fluid typography ref http journalhosting.org meccsa pgn index.php netknow article view 27 61 ref Motion typography ... from one another on a 2D plane, or in three dimensional space. Likewise, scrolling typography can scroll across the flat screen, or can appear to recede or advance. Fluid typography In fluid typography, letterforms change and evolve without necessarily changing location. Production Kinetic typography ... Motion . ref http kinetictypography.com 2 ways of communicating with kinetic typography ref ... channels kinetictypography Kinetic Typography Channel on Vimeo http www.artofthetitle.com The Art ... around the world, many of which feature kinetic typography http www.marcofolio.net video 15 stunning ... more details
An en is a typographic unit , half of the width of an em typography em . By definition, it is equivalent to half of the height of the font e.g. in 16 point typography point type it is 8 points . As its name suggests, it is also traditionally the width of a lowercase letter n . The Dash En dash en dash and en space punctuation space are each one en wide. In English, the en dash is commonly used for inclusive ranges e.g., pages 12 17 or August 7, 1988 November 26, 2005 , and increasingly to replace the long dash Citation needed date August 2010 . Note that when using it to replace a long dash, spaces are needed either side of it like so. See also Dash Em typography x height Typography terms DEFAULTSORT En Typography Category Typography de Halbgeviert it En tipografia sr ... more details
on the line . The eye also tends to be confused by a feeling of vertical emphasis, that is, an up ... cite book title The Complete Manual of Typography last1 Felici first1 James year 2003 publisher Peachpit ... 2880468221.pdf title What is Typography? author Jury, David year 2009 work publisher Rotovision accessdate ... Press location Berkeley, CA isbn 0201782634 nopp 96 ref Wil03 refend Typography terms DEFAULTSORT River Typography Category Typography cs eka typografie de Gie bach Typografie fr L zarde imprimerie it Canaletto ... more details
Measure or sometimes The Measure in typography refers to the width of a block or Column typography column of text from the left Margin typography margin to the right margin. Punctuation should preferably Hanging punctuation hang outside the measure. It is relative to each design , but can be used as a unit of measurement within that design to create unity and harmony. The measure of a text influences legibility. Long lines are hard to read, short lines are more easily read. 45 75 characters per line are regarded as the ideal range for the measure. For multiple column setups, 40 50 characters are often preferred. 66 is sometimes considered ideal for one column setups. Generally, if the measure is wide, the leading of a text should be increased if the measure is short, it is can safely be decreased. Reverse text, i.e. white text on black also requires more leading. ref http webtypography.net Rhythm and Proportion Horizontal Motion 2.1.2 ref ref http www.markboulton.co.uk journal comments five simple steps to better typography ref The measure or the length of a legible line is the length of the alphabet Caps, Lowercase and Numerals of a typeface of a size being used. References Reflist Typography terms DEFAULTSORT Measure Typography Category Page layout ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Unit of length name cicero m .0045 accuracy 4 A cicero IPAc en icon s s r o is a unit of measure used in typography in Italy , France and other continental Europe an countries, first used by Arnold Pannartz and Konrad Sweynheim Pannartz and Sweynheim in 1468 for the edition of Cicero s Epistles, Ad Familiares . The font size thus acquired the name cicero . It is Frac 6 of the historical French inch , and is divided into 12 points, known in English as French points or Point typography Didot Didot point s. The measure term cicero is thus used similarly to an English Pica typography pica , although the French inch was slightly larger than the English inch there are about 1.063 picas to a cicero. Cicero and the points derived from cicero was used in the lead days of typography in continental Europe. Nowadays all computers use pica and the points derived from pica as font size measurement alongside with millimeters dubious date February 2012 this is certainly untrue in US typography, where mm are unused. for the line length, and paper size measurement. Cicero 4.5 mm. Pica 4.23333333 mm. Typography terms DEFAULTSORT Cicero typography Category Typography Category Units of length ca C cero cs Cicero typografie da Cicero typografi de Cicero Ma es C cero unidad ko it Cicero unit di misura kk hu Cicer m rt kegys g pl Cycero pt C cero medida tipogr fica ru sv Cicero m tt uk ... more details
Image Typography Line Terms.svg thumb 390px The ascenders are the parts of minuscule characters that lie above the midline. In typography , an ascender is the portion of a Lower case minuscule grapheme letter in a Latin derived alphabet that extends above the mean line of a typeface font . That is, the part of a lower case letter that is taller than the font s x height . Ascenders, together with descenders , increase the recognizability of words. For this reason, British road signs no longer use all capital letters . ref Cite book last Sampson first Geoffrey title Writing Systems A linguistic introduction pages 94 95 location Stanford, California publisher Stanford University Press year 1985 isbn 0804712549 ref Studies made at the start of the construction of the British motorway network concluded that mixed case letters were much easier to read than all caps and a special font was designed for motorway signs. These then became universal across the U.K. See Road signs in the United Kingdom . References reflist Typography terms Category Typography THIS IS NOT A STUB, BUT A SHORT ARTICLE. DO NOT ADD A STUB MESSAGE. ca Asta ascendent cs P smov osnova de Liniensystem Typografie es Asta ascendente it Tratto ascendente nl Stokletter sr sv verh ng zh ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Image swash.png thumbnail right Swashes marked with red color. Image Regular italic swash cap.png thumbnail Minion Pro in capital letters in regular 1 , italic 2 and swash 3 style. A swash is a typography typographical flourish on a glyph , like an exaggerated serif . Capital swash Character symbol characters , which extended to the left, were historically often used to begin sentences. There were also Lower case minuscule swash characters, which came either extending to the left, to begin words, or to the right to end them. They were used in former times to help fit the text to the line, instead of spaces of varying widths Justification typesetting justification . Some of the characters in typographical ligature ligatures were called swash characters, even though they did not protrude to the space on either side of the piece of type, such as the tail of a capital Q passing under its succeeding u . Similarly the tail of a swash g would extend to the left beneath a number of preceding letters limited by the set of ligatures the typographer chose for the set. File Zapfino.svg thumb left Flamboyant swashes in the Zapfino typeface Typography terms DEFAULTSORT Swash Typography Category Typography fr Lettre orn e it Svolazzo nl Sierkapitaal sv Swash ... more details
File Typography Line Terms.svg thumb 400px Overshoot is the degree that capital letters go below the baseline or above the cap height, and lowercase letters go below the baseline or above the mean line. In type design typeface design , the overshoot of a round or pointed letter like O or A is the degree to which it extends higher or lower than a comparably sized flat letter like X or H , to achieve an optical effect of being the same size. Formally, it is the degree to which capital letters go below the Baseline typography baseline or above the cap height , or to which a lowercase letter goes below the baseline or above the x height . For example, the highest and lowest extent of the capital O will typically exceed those of the capital X . Although the extent of overshoot varies depending on the design and the designer, perhaps 1 to 3 of the cap or x height is typical for O . Peter Karow s Digital Formats for Typefaces recommends 3 for O and 5 for A . ref http pfaedit.sourceforge.net glossary.html overshoot Typographical glossary Overshoot ref ref Peter Karow s Digital Formats for Typefaces, p. 26 ref Similar design Similar subtle adjustments to create an even appearance occur in other fields. For example, in the Go game game of go , the Go game Stones stones , which are black and white, are of slightly different sizes black slightly larger , to give the appearance of being the same size. References reflist Category TypographyTypography terms typ stub ... more details
Image Counter typography.png thumb The counter of the letter p shown in red In typography , a counter or aperture is an area entirely or partially enclosed by a letter form or a symbol the counter space the hole of . ref cite book last1 Maxymuk first1 John title Using desktop publishing to create newsletters, handouts, and Web pages trans title url http books.google.com books?ei Py1jSuyoH4nAzQT 1rn1CA&id 1cyy76 taU4C&dq typography counter&q counter format Google books snippet view accessdate July 19, 2009 year 1997 page 33 quote Counter is the white space center of enclosed letters like Bb, Dd, Pp. publisher Neal Schuman isbn 9781555702656 ref ref cite book last1 Narang first1 Sumita authorlink1 last2 first2 editor1 first editor1 last editor1 link others title Designing Websites According to the Ancient Science of Directions url http books.google.com books?id zVUCxdx7QYcC&pg PA74&dq typography counter aperture&as brr 3&ei HS5jSsXAMpnCzgTk7OyuDQ format Google books limited prview accessdate July 19, 2009 edition series volume date year 2006 publisher Smita Jain Narang location language isbn 9788120730717 page 74 quote Open space in a letter is called the counter or the aperture. ref Letters containing closed counters include A, B, D, O, P, Q, R, a, b, d, e, g, o, p, and q. Letters containing open counters include c, f, h, i, s etc. The digits 0, 4, 6, 8, and 9 also possess a counter. See also Figure space Thin space Paren space References Reflist typ stub Category Typography Category Whitespace Typography terms Other languages de Punze Typografie fr Contreforme ... more details
H. Lockwood , p. 436 See also Point typographyTypography terms DEFAULTSORT Pica Typography Category Typography Category Units of length nl Pica typografie pt Paica es Pica tipograf a sv Pica m tt ... more details
About typography other uses Baseline disambiguation Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 File Typography Line Terms.svg right 410px In European and West Asian typography and penmanship , the baseline is the line upon which most letters sit and below which descender s extend. In the example to the right, the letter p has a descender the other letters sit on the red baseline. Most, though not all, typeface s are similar in the following ways as regards the baseline Majuscule capital letters sit on the baseline. The most common exceptions are the J and Q. Lining figures see Arabic numerals sit on the baseline. The following text figures have descenders 3 4 5 7 9. The following Lower case lowercase letters have descenders g j p q y. Glyphs with rounded lower and upper extents 0 3 6 8 c C G J o O Q dip very slightly below the baseline overshoot to create the optical illusion that they sit on the baseline, and rise above the x height or capital height to create the illusion that they have the same height as flat glyphs such as those for H x X 1 5 7 . Peter Karow s Digital Typefaces suggests that typical overshoot is about 1.5 . The vertical distance of the base lines of consecutive lines in a paragraph is also known as line height or leading , although the latter can also refer to the baseline distance minus the font size. North Indian scripts have a characteristic hanging baseline the letters are aligned to the top of the writing line, marked by an overbar, with diacritics extending above the baseline. East Asian scripts have no baseline each glyph sits in a square box, with neither ascenders nor descenders. When mixed with scripts with a low baseline, East Asian characters should be set so that the bottom of the character is between the baseline and the descender height. See also Overshoot typography Overshoot Typography terms DEFAULTSORT Baseline Typography Category Typography Category Penmanship Category Article Feedback 5 Typ stub de Schriftlinie es L nea de ... more details
mergeto Book design Page spread date July 2010 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In page layout and typography, a spread often redundantly called a two page spread is the unit formed by two adjacent, facing page paper pages in a magazine or other publication, featuring a single image such as a photograph or piece of artwork or a themed group of images such as a flowchart or collection of map s . The line down the middle where the pages come together is called the gutter. See also Centerfold Center spread A spread in the center of a magazine, where the two pages are one physical piece of paper. Gatefold or foldout A page which folds out beyond the edges of the publication. Gatefolds and foldouts are frequently, but not necessarily, center spreads. Comics vocabulary Splash page Splash page DEFAULTSORT Spread Typography Category Page layout Category Article Feedback 5 Publish stub pl Strony widz ce ... more details
Image Two column layout.png thumb An example of a two column layout with caption. In typography , a column is one or more vertical blocks of content media and publishing content positioned on a page, separated by gutters and or rule typography rule s. Columns are most commonly used to break up large bodies of text that cannot fit in a single block of text on a page. Additionally, columns are used to improve page composition and readability. Newspapers very frequently use complex multi column layouts to break up different stories and longer bodies of texts within a story. Column can also more generally refer to the vertical delineations created by a typographic grid system which type and image may be positioned. Typographic style For best legibility, typographic manuals suggest that columns should contain roughly 60 characters per line. ref Carter, 1993. p. 91 ref One formula suggests multiplying the point typography point size of the font by 2 to reach how wide a column should be in Pica typography pica s ref For example, a 9pt font size would require a 18 pica column width. ref in effect a column width of 24 em typography em s. Following these guidelines usually results in multiple narrow columns being favored over a single wide column. ref Romano, 1984. pp. 86 87 ref Historically, books containing predominantly text generally have around 40 lines per column. However, this rule of thumb does not apply to more complex text that contain multiple images or illustrations, footnotes, running heads, folios, and captions. ref Haslam, 2005. p. 140 ref Column contrast refers to the overall color or greyness established by the column, and can be adjusted in a number of ways. One way is to adjust the relationship between the width and height of the column. Another ... and Typography publisher Watson Guptill location New York, N.Y year 2005 pages 140 isbn 0 8230 5528 0 Romano, Frank J. The TypeEncyclopedia . R.R. Bowker Company 1984. pp. 86 86. Typography terms ... more details
An em is a typographic unit unit of measurement in the field of typography , equal to the currently specified point size. The name of em is related to M . Originally the unit was derived from the width of the capital M in the given typeface . ref name adobe This unit of measurement unit is the same for all fonts at a given point size. ref cite book title The Elements of Typographic Style last Bringhurst first Robert year 1992 publisher Hartley & Marks location Vancouver, British Columbia Vancouver, BC isbn 9780881790337 oclc 25411784 pages 25 26 ref 1 em in a 16 point typography point typeface is 16 points. Typographic measurements using this unit are frequently expressed in decimal notation, e.g., .7 em, or as fractions of 100 or 1000, e.g. 70 100 em or 700 1000 em. History In metal type, the point size and hence the em is measured as the height of the metal body from which the letter rises. In metal type possible overhangs aside , the physical size of a letter could not normally exceed the em. In digital type, the em is a grid of arbitrary resolution that is used as the design space of a digital font. Imaging systems, whether for screen or for print, work by scaling the em to a specified point size. In digital type, the relationship of the height of particular letters to the em is arbitrarily set by the typeface designer. However, as a very rough guideline, an average font might have a cap height of 70 of the em, and an x height of 48 of the em. Citation needed date September 2010 Incorrect and alternative definitions Image M versus em.svg thumb left The letter ... or point typography points . Related terms An em quad is a metal spacer used in printing press es. It is referred ... en typography en is half an em. See also En typography Dash Em dash Em dash Typeface Dots per inch Computer ... unit.htm Search for origin Typography terms DEFAULTSORT Em Typography Category Display technology Category Typography Category Units of length ca Quadrat cs tver k de Geviert Typografie es Cuadrat n ... more details
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