Refimprove date March 2008 Infobox disease Name Encephalopathy Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 348.30 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D001927 Encephalopathy IPA en n s f l p i ... cite web url http www.emedicine.com asp dictionary.asp?keyword Encephalopathy title eMedicine Stedman ... H3llBot ref In modern usage, encephalopathy does not refer to a single disease , but rather to a syndrome ... In some contexts it refers to permanent or degenerative ref DorlandsDict three 000035088 encephalopathy ... cause Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy transmissible spongiform encephalopathies , are invariably ..., toxins, and several other causes. Types There are many types of encephalopathy. Some examples include MELAS Mitochondrial encephalopathy Metabolic disorder caused by dysfunction of mitochondrial DNA. Can affect many body systems, particularly the brain and nervous system. Glycine encephalopathy A genetic metabolic disorder involving excess production of glycine Hepatic encephalopathy Arising from advanced cirrhosis of the liver Cerebral hypoxia Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy Permanent or transitory encephalopathy arising from severely reduced oxygen delivery to the brain Static encephalopathy Unchanging, or permanent, brain damage Uremic encephalopathy Arising from high levels of toxins normally cleared by the kidneys rare where dialysis is readily available Wernicke s encephalopathy Arising from thiamine deficiency, usually in the setting of alcoholism Hashimoto s encephalopathy Arising from an auto immune disorder Hypertensive encephalopathy Arising from acutely increased blood pressure Lyme encephalopathy Arising from the Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria. Toxic encephalopathy A form of encephalopathy caused by chemicals, often resulting in permanent brain damage Toxic Metabolic encephalopathy A catch all for brain dysfunction caused by infection, organ failure, or intoxication Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy A collection of diseases all caused by prions, and characterized ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Toxic encephalopathy Image MRI toxic encephalopathy.gif Caption MRI of the brain in a patient with chronic toxic encephalopathy shows a generalized volume loss. DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 ... encephalopathy , also known as toxic metabolic encephalopathy , is a Neurodegenerative disease degenerative ... Toxic encephalopathy can be caused by various chemicals, some of which are commonly used in everyday life. ref name NTEF Toxic encephalopathy can permanently damage the brain and currently, treatment is mainly just for the symptoms. ref name NINDS2 Signs and symptoms Encephalopathy is a general term .... ref name TBE cite web last Rogers first Sherry title Toxic Brain Encephalopathy url http www.burningissues.org ... Publishing year 1996 accessdate 2009 04 21 ref The most prominent characteristic of toxic encephalopathy is an altered mental status. Toxic encephalopathy has a wide variety of symptoms, ref Bradley ... What is Encephalopathy? url http www.ninds.nih.gov disorders encephalopathy encephalopathy.htm What ... last Chalela first Julio coauthors Kasner, Scott date 2007 11 28 title Acute toxic metabolic encephalopathy ... risk for developing toxic encephalopathy. ref name CTE Baker, E. 2008 . Chronic toxic encephalopathy ... compensation. A thorough and standard diagnostic process is paramount with toxic encephalopathy ... testing. ref name CTE Causes In addition, chemicals, such as lead , that could instigate toxic encephalopathy ... of air fresheners or applied in the case of perfumes . ref name NTEF cite web title National Toxic Encephalopathy Foundation url http national toxic encephalopathy foundation.org work publisher date accessdate ..., the symptoms of toxic encephalopathy begin to emerge. ref name TBE However, in chronic situations ... and increased concentration of the chemical solvents will worsen the effects of toxic encephalopathy ... CTE Treatment Treatment is mainly for the symptoms that toxic encephalopathy brings upon victims ...? url http www.ninds.nih.gov disorders encephalopathy encephalopathy.htm Is there any treatment work ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Wernicke encephalopathy Image Thiamine 2D skeletal.png Caption Thiamine DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 E 51 2 e 50 ICD9 ICD9 265.1 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj emerg eMedicineTopic 642 MeshID Wernicke encephalopathy is a syndrome characterised by ataxia , ophthalmoplegia , nystagmus, confusion, and impairment of short term memory . ref name Aminoff Aminoff, Michael J., Greenberg, David A., Simon, Roger P. 2005 Clinical Neurology 6th ed. , page 113. Lange Medical Books McGraw Hill. ISBN 0 07 142360 5 ref ref name Beers Beers, Mark H. et al. 2006 , The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy 18th ed. , pages 1688 1689. Merck Research Laboratories 2006, ISBN 0911910 18 2 ref It is caused ... bariatric surgery . ref name Aasheim Aasheim, Erlend Tuseth 2008 , Wernicke encephalopathy after bariatric ... s Encephalopathy after Gastric Bypass Surgery, Neuro Ophthalmology, Jul Aug2006, Vol. 30 Issue ... s encephalopathy begins abruptly, usually with eye movement disorders pathologic nystagmus nystagmus ... ref name Beers The pathological changes seen in Wernicke s encephalopathy are concentrated in the mammillary ..., IVth, VIth, and VIIIth cranial nerve nuclei. Despite its name, Wernicke s encephalopathy is not related ... The neuropathy of Wernicke s encephalopathy causes neuron death due to the effects of thiamine deficiency ... target in thiamine deficiency and Wernicke s encephalopathy journal Neurochemistry international volume ... encephalopathy ref cite journal author Zimitat C, Nixon PF title Glucose loading precipitates acute encephalopathy in thiamin deficient rats journal Metab Brain Dis volume 14 issue 1 pages 1 20 year 1999 .... When treated early, recovery is normally rapid and complete. Established Wernicke s encephalopathy ... care. ref NHS Fife Pharmacy Services. Wernicke s encephalopathy WE and Thiamine Supplementation for Alcohol ... home special subjects drug use and abuse alcohol.html v835103 The Merck Manual, Wernicke s encephalopathy ... s encephalopathy MR and Gross Brain Pictures Nutritional pathology Category Brain disorders Category ... more details
Use British English date October 2010 Infobox disease Name Hepatic encephalopathy ICD10 ICD10 K 72 k ... II astrocyte s, as may be seen in hepatic encephalopathy. Alt MedlinePlus 000302 No diseasesDB entry ... encephalopathy also known as portosystemic encephalopathy is the occurrence of mental confusion ... . The diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy requires the presence of impaired liver function and the exclusion ... . ref name Cash ref name ChungPodolsky Hepatic encephalopathy is reversible with treatment ... liver failure , the onset of encephalopathy may indicate the need for a Liver transplantation liver transplant . ref name Cash ref name Polson Signs and symptoms The mildest form of hepatic encephalopathy ... as forgetfulness, mild confusion and irritability. More severe encephalopathy is characterised ... and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy journal QJM volume 103 issue 1 pages 9 16 year ... encephalopathy lead to a worsening level of consciousness, from lethargy to somnolence and eventually ... advanced stage cerebral edema swelling of the brain tissue leads to death. ref name Cash Encephalopathy ..., namely extending rather than flexing Babinski s sign in severe encephalopathy. A particular smell Fetor ... 1858 69 chapter Cirrhosis and its complications ref Causes In a small proportion of cases, the encephalopathy ..., especially in chronic liver disease, hepatic encephalopathy is caused or aggravated by an additional ... encephalopathy pathophysiology and emerging therapies journal Med. Clin. North Am. volume 93 issue ... encephalopathy may also occur after the creation of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt ... with refractory ascites editor1 last Saab editor1 first Sammy ref TIPSS related encephalopathy occurs in about 30 of cases, with the risk being higher in those with previous episodes of encephalopathy ... and grading West Haven Criteria The severity of hepatic encephalopathy is graded with the West ... and neomycin in the treatment of chronic portal systemic encephalopathy. A double blind controlled ... more details
Hypertensive encephalopathy is a neurological dysfunction induced by malignant hypertension . The term hypertensive encephalopathy was introduced to describe this type of encephalopathy by Oppenheimer ..., caused by sudden and sustained severe elevation of blood pressure . Hypertensive encephalopathy ... encephalopathy include headache, restlessness, nausea, disturbances of consciousness, seizure s, retina ... encephalopathy was introduced by Oppenheimer and Fishberg in 1928 to describe the case of a patient ... 1928 In the past, the term hypertensive encephalopathy has been applied to a range of neurological ... FA Jr 1972 Hypertensive encephalopathy. Am J Med 52 672 678. ref ref Ram CVS 1978 Hypertensive encephalopathy recognition and management. Arch Int Med 138 1851 1853. ref ref name Dinsdale 1983 Clinical features Hypertensive encephalopathy is most commonly encountered in young and middle aged people who suffer from hypertension . ref name Dinsdale 1983 Dinsdale HB 1983 Hypertensive encephalopathy ... RO 1953 Malignant hypertension and hypertensive encephalopathy. Am J Med 14 175 183 ref ref name Chester et al. 1978 Chester EM, Agamanolis DP, Banker BQ, Victor M 1978 Hypertensive encephalopathy ... hypertension developed hypertensive encephalopathy. ref name Clarke and Murphy 1956 Clarke ... ref name Ziegler et al. 1965 Ziegler DK, Zosa A, Zileli T 1965 Hypertensive encephalopathy Arch Neurol ... Hypertensive encephalopathy and the neurological manifestations of malignant hypertension. Neurology ... of hypertension, hypertensive encephalopathy has been becoming more rare. Symptoms of hypertensive encephalopathy typically start to occur 12 48 hours after a sudden and sustained increase in blood ... areas. Pathogenesis Hypertensive encephalopathy is caused by an increase in blood pressure. Several ... encephalopathy may occur in pheochromocytoma , Cushing s syndrome, renal artery thrombosis . The impairment of cerebral blood flow that underlies hypertensive encephalopathy is still controversial. Normally ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 refimprove date February 2008 Infobox Disease Name Ethylmalonic encephalopathy Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 602473 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Ethylmalonic encephalopathy is a rare autosome autosomal dominance genetics recessive ref name eear cite journal pmid 18593870 year 2008 month Jul author Mineri R, Rimoldi M, Burlina AB, Koskull S, Perletti C, Heese B, Von D beln U, Mereghetti P, Di Meo I, Invernizzi F, Zeviani M, Uziel G, Tiranti V title Identification of new mutations in the ETHE1 gene in a cohort of 14 patients presenting with ethylmalonic encephalopathy volume 45 issue 7 pages 473 8 doi 10.1136 jmg.2008.058271 journal Journal of medical genetics ref genetic disorder defined as an inborn error of metabolism , in detail a failure to detoxify hydrogen sulfide in mitochondria which results normally from cysteine degradation. It affects several body systems, including the gastrointestinal system , circulatory system , and particularly the nervous system . ref name eeo cite journal author Zafeiriou DI, Augoustide Savvopoulou P, Haas D, Smet J, Triantafyllou P, Vargiami E, Tamiolaki M, Gombakis N, van Coster R, Seweil AC, Vianey Saban C, Gregersen N title Ethylmalonic encephalopathy clinical and biochemical observations journal Neuropediatrics volume 38 issue 2 pages 78 82 year 2007 pmid 17712735 doi 10.1055 s 2007 984447 ref ref cite pmid 19136963 ref Symptoms Neurologic signs and symptoms include progressively delayed development, weak muscle tone hypotonia , seizures, and abnormal movements. The body s network ... encephalopathy. The signs and symptoms of ethylmalonic encephalopathy are apparent at birth or begin ... encephalopathy has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance . Mutations in the ETHE1 gene cause ethylmalonic encephalopathy. The ETHE1 gene makes an enzyme that plays an important role ... enzyme leads to progressive brain dysfunction and the other features of ethylmalonic encephalopathy ... more details
Hashimoto s Encephalopathy is a very rare condition associated with Hashimoto s thyroiditis . It was first described in 1966. It is classified as a neuroendocrine disorder. Up to and including 2005 there have been almost 200 case reports of this disease. Up to 1990 only 8 cases reports including the original case had been published. Between 1990 and 2000 43 cases were published. More cases are being reported now, this suggests that this rare condition is likely to have been undiagnosed in the past. MRI s in combination with CSF test are utilized for the diagnosis. History The first case was described by Brain et al. in 1966. ref name Brain1966 Brain L, Jellinek EH Ball K 1966 Hashimoto s disease and encephalopathy. Lancet 2 512 514 ref The patient was a 48 year old man with hypothyroidism , multiple episodes of encephalopathy, stroke like symptoms and Hashimoto s thyroiditis confirmed by elevated anti thyroid antibodies. Definition A relapsing encephalopathy occurring in association with Hashimoto s thyroiditis, with high titers of anti thyroid antibodies. Clinically, the condition may present one or more symptoms. Onset is gradual and may go unnoticed by the patient and close associates to the patients. Symptoms can resolve themselves within days to weeks, leaving a patient undiagnosed ... of serum autoantibodies against the amino terminal of alpha enolase in Hashimoto s encephalopathy ... days. Some of the more common symptoms of Hashimoto s encephalopathy include personality changes aggression ... May contain antithyroid antibodies Magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities consistent with encephalopathy ... is now also referred to as steroid responsive encephalopathy. Initial treatment is usually ... stay in remission after discontinuation of treatment. Alternative names Steroid responsive encephalopathy ... An article on Hashimoto s encephalopathy http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 18990131 cite doi 10.1016 S0140 6736 03 12517 2 References references DEFAULTSORT Hashimoto s Encephalopathy Category Neuroendocrinology ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Glycine Encephalopathy Non ketotic Hyperglycinemia Image Glycin Glycine.svg ... D020158 Glycine encephalopathy also known as non ketotic hyperglycinemia or NKH is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of glycine metabolism. After phenylketonuria , glycine encephalopathy is the second ... glycine in bodily fluids and tissues, especially the cerebral spinal fluid. Glycine encephalopathy ... confusion, the term glycine encephalopathy is often used, as this term more accurately describes the clinical ... encephalopathy, although some causes of the disease are still unknown. The GCS has its highest ... types on glycine encephalopathy show elevated levels of glycine in the plasma, and cerebral spinal fluid ... encephalopathy nonketotic hyperglycinemia should not be confused with other metabolic disorders that can ... Acidemias An Overview GeneReviews NCBI Bookshelf format work accessdate ref Glycine encephalopathy ... There are several different forms of glycine encephalopathy, which can be distinguished by the age of onset, as well as the types and severity of symptoms. All forms of glycine encephalopathy ... With the classical, or neonatal presentation of glycine encephalopathy, the infant is born after .... ref name scriver Patients with the infantile form of glycine encephalopathy do not show lethargy .... ref name genereviews cite web title Glycine Encephalopathy url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov books NBK1357 ... 2011 09 22 ref Glycine encephalopathy can also present as a milder form with episodic seizures ... Image autorecessive.svg thumb right Glycine Encephalopathy Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Glycine encephalopathy has an estimated incidence of 1 in 60,000 ... have been linked to glycine encephalopathy. ref name sarafaglou cite book title Pediatric Endocrinology ... subunit, also called glycine decarboxylase About 70 75 of cases of glycine encephalopathy ... been no mutations in GCSL found to be associated with glycine encephalopathy. A small percentage ... more details
Feline spongiform encephalopathy is a disease that affects the brains and livers Citation needed date January 2008 of felidae feline s. It is caused by protein s called prion s. Disease Feline spongiform encephalopathy FSE is a prion disease thought to be related to Bovine spongiform encephalopathy BSE . This disease is known to affect domestic and captive feline species . Lezmi S. et al. 2003 , suggested that this infectious agent might be spread by both Hematology haematogenous and Nervous system nervous pathways. Like BSE, this disease can take several years to develop. It is probable, but not proven, that the affected animals contract the disease by eating contaminated bovine meat. Clinical signs Ataxia was observed to last for about 8 weeks in the affected animals. The ultimate result is death of the infected animals. Epidemiology This disease was first reported in the United Kingdom in 1990. Up until about 5 years ago, there were reports of 87 FSE cases only domestic cats in the UK, one in Norway, one in Northern Ireland and one in Switzerland. However, since 1990, other feline species in zoo s were reported to have contracted this disease. Diagnosis This disease can only be confirmed at the post mortem , which includes identification of bilaterally symmetrical vacuole vacuolation of the neuropil and vacuolation in neuron es. Lesion s are likely to be found in basal ganglia , cerebral cortex and thalamus of the brain . Treatment This is a Terminal illness terminal condition and there is currently no specific treatment for the disease. See also Bovine spongiform encephalopathy References http www.provet.co.uk petfacts healthtips fse2.htm Lezmi S., Bencsik A., Monks E., Petit T., Baron T. First case of spongiform encephalopathy in a captive cheetah born in France PrP sc analysis in various tissues revealed unexpected targeting of the kidney and adrenal gland Histochem. Cell Biology 2003 119 5 415 422 External links http www.vet.cornell.edu fhc news madcow.htm Prion ... more details
refimprove date June 2010 Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB 32948 ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 277.87 ICDO OMIM 603041 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome MNGIE , also called myoneurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome or POLIP syndrome , ref name omim OMIM 603041 ref is a rare autosome autosomal dominance genetics recessive ref name mnear cite pmid 19056268 ref mitochondrial disease usually appearing between the second and fifth decades of life. Unlike typical mitochondrial diseases caused by mitochondrial DNA mtDNA mutations, MNGIE is caused by mutations in the ECGF1 TYMP gene, which encodes the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase. ref name omim A secondary form of MNGIE, called MNGIE without leukoencephalopathy , can be caused by mutations in the POLG gene. ref name omim Signs and symptoms MNGIE is a multisystem disorder. Gastrointestinal symptoms may include gastrointestinal dysmotility possibly resulting in pseudo obstruction in which the muscular contractions peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract become inefficient causing malabsorption . Borborygmi stomach rumbling , early satiety, diarrhea, constipation, gastroparesis , nausea, vomiting, weight loss, diverticulitis . Neurological symptoms may include diffuse leukoencephalopathy , peripheral neuropathy , and myopathy .Ocular symptoms may include retinal degeneration, ophthalmoplegia paralysis of eye muscles , ptosis drooping eyelids . Those with MNGIE are often thin, experiencing continuous weight loss. References reflist External links http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov bookshelf br.fcgi?book gene&part mngie GeneReview NIH UW entry on Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalopathy Disease Mitochondrial diseases Inborn errors of purine pyrimidine metabolism DEFAULTSORT Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalopathy Syndrome Category Mitochondrial diseases Category Rare diseases Category Syndromes Category Autosomal recessive di ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome Image Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome MRI.jpg Caption Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome visible on magnetic resonance imaging as multiple cortico subcortical areas of T2 weighted hyperintense white signal involving the occipital lobe occipital and parietal lobe s wikt bilateral bilaterally and pons . DiseasesDB 10460 ICD10 G93.49 ICD9 348.39 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D054038 Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome PRES , also known as reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome RPLS , is a syndrome characterised by headache , confusion , seizure s and visual loss . It may occur due to a number of causes, predominantly malignant hypertension , eclampsia and some medical treatments. On magnetic resonance imaging MRI of the brain, areas of cerebral edema edema swelling are seen. The symptoms tend to resolve after a period of time, although visual changes sometimes remain. ref name Garg cite journal author Garg RK title Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome journal Postgrad Med J volume 77 issue 903 pages 24 8 year 2001 month January pmid 11123390 pmc 1741870 doi 10.1136 pmj.77.903.24 url http pmj.bmj.com cgi content full 77 903 24 ref ref cite journal author Pula JH, Eggenberger E title Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome journal Curr Opin Ophthalmol volume 19 issue 6 pages 479 84 year 2008 month November pmid 18854692 doi 10.1097 ICU.0b013e3283129746 url ref It was first described in 1996. ref name Hinchey cite journal author Hinchey J, Chaves C, Appignani B, Breen J, Pao L, Wang A, Pessin M, Lamy C, Mas J, Caplan L title A reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. journal N Engl J Med volume 334 issue 8 pages 494 500 year 1996 pmid 8559202 doi 10.1056 NEJM199602223340803 ref Causes PRES occurs due to the use of drugs like .... ref Pedraza R, Marik PE, Varon J November 2009 . Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome A Review ... more details
Infobox disease Name Early myoclonic encephalopathy ref name ilae2010 Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 xxx ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D004831 Early myoclonic encephalopathy EME is an epilepsy syndrome where myoclonic seizures develop in the neonatal period. After several months, the seizure pattern may develop to infantile spasms West syndrome . Various genetic and metabolic disorders are responsible. The seizures are resistant to treatment. The neurology is very abnormal and patients often do not live beyond one year. ref name oxford2009 ref name engel224 References reflist refs ref name ilae2010 Berg AT, Berkovic SF, Brodie MJ, Buchhalter J, Cross JH, et al . http onlinelibrary.wiley.com doi 10.1111 j.1528 1167.2010.02522.x full Revised terminology and concepts for organization of seizures and epilepsies report of the ILAE Commission on Classification and Terminology , 2005 2009. Epilepsia. 2010 Apr 51 4 676 85. 2010 Feb 26. PMID 20196795. DOI 10.1111 j.1528 1167.2010.02522.x . ref ref name engel224 Djukic A, Vigevano F, Plouin P, Mosh S. Early Myoclonic Encephalopathy. In Dichter MA, Engel J, Pedley TA, Aicardi J, editors. Epilepsy a comprehensive textbook. Philadelphia Wolters Kluwer Health Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2008. ch. 224. ISBN 0 7817 5777 0 ref ref name oxford2009 Richardson S, Alarcon G, Nashef L, Cross H, Nightingale J. Epilepsy Oxford Specialist Handbooks in Neurology . Oxford University Press 2009. p.82. ISBN 0 19 857073 2 ref ref name engel224 Category Epilepsy types ... more details
Transmissible mink encephalopathy TME is rare sporadic disease that affects the central nervous system of ranch raised mink . It is classified as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy , believed to be caused by proteins called prions . This disease is only known to affect adult mink. Clinical diagnosis This illness has a minimum incubation period of 7 months with a maximum incubation period of 12 months. This disease normally results in mortality of adult animals. Medical sign Clinical signs of TME include the characteristic behavioural changes such as confusion, loss of cleanliness, and aimless circling. Affected animals show signs of weight loss , might develop matted fur , hind quarter ataxia and arching its tail over its back. Seizures may very rarely occur. Near death stages include the animals showing signs of drowsiness and unresponsiveness. There are currently no tests to detect signs of this illness in live animals. However, veterinary pathologists can confirm this illness by microscopic examination of the brain tissue in animals suspected to have died of this disease, where they expect to detect areas of distinct sponge like formations, or by the identification of the prion protein in these tissue samples. See also Creutzfeldt Jakob disease Kuru disease Kuru Scrapie References Stanley B. Prusiner, Prion Biology and Diseases, second edition, 2004, United States of America Prion diseases Category Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies Category Animal diseases veterinary med stub bg ja ... more details
Exotic ungulate encephalopathy is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy TSE , or prion disease , identified in infected organs of zoo animals. This subgroup of the TSEs in captive animals was identified in zoo animals in Great Britain including species of greater kudu , nyala , gemsbok , the common eland , Arabian oryx Arabian and Scimitar Oryx , an Ankole Watusi cow, and an American bison . ref name TransfusionMicrobiology2008 cite book author Contreras, Marcela Barbara, John A. J. Fiona A. M. Regan title Transfusion microbiology publisher Cambridge University Press location Cambridge, UK year 2008 pages 141 isbn 0 521 45393 3 oclc doi accessdate ref Studies indicate that transmission likely occurred via the consumption of feed supplemented with meat and bone meal , although some animals died after the British ban on ground offal in animal feed. ref name Strauss2008 cite book author Strauss, Ellen G. Strauss, James H. title Viruses and Human Disease publisher Elsevier Academic Press location Boston, MA year 2008 pages isbn 0 12 373741 9 oclc doi accessdate ref ref name Baird Parker2000 cite book author Baird Parker, A. C. Gould, G. W. Lund, Barbara M. title The Microbiological Safety and Quality of Food publisher Aspen Publishers location Gaithersburg, Md year 2000 pages 1590 1598 isbn 0 8342 1323 0 oclc doi accessdate ref All animals died during the 1990s, with the last death occurring in 1998. ref name Baird Parker2000 References Reflist Prion diseases Category Ungulates Category Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies Category Foodborne illnesses veterinary med stub ... more details
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy CTE is a progressive degenerative disease found in individuals who have been subjected to multiple concussion s and other forms of head injury . A variant of the condition, dementia pugilistica DP , is primarily associated with boxing . CTE has been most commonly found in professional athletes participating in American football , ice hockey , professional wrestling and other contact sport s, who have experienced head trauma, resulting in characteristic degeneration ... of Traumatic Encephalopathy CSTE . ref name CSTE01 Staff. http www.bu.edu cste news press releases ... athletes with history of repetitive concussions , Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy ... neuropathologist in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania found Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy CTE ... Football League NFL players have been diagnosed post mortem with chronic traumatic encephalopathy ... of Traumatic Encephalopathy. Accessed August 17, 2010. ref former Tennessee Titans Houston Oilers ... Case Study John Grimsley , Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy. Accessed August 17, 2010 ... cste case studies thomas mchale Case Study Thomas McHale , Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy ... who committed suicide by hanging himself, showed early stages of chronic traumatic encephalopathy ... Encephalopathy, October 22, 2009. Accessed October 19, 2010. ref The doctors who performed ... to Support Brain Trauma Research at Boston University , Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy ... cste about support and funding Support and Funding , Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy ... of Traumatic Encephalopathy press release dated September 14, 2009. Accessed August 17, 2010 ... to donate brains to research , Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy press release dated ... for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy to be diagnosed with CTE postmortem. ref cite news url ... for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy McGrath, Ben, http www.newyorker.com reporting 2011 01 31 ... more details
Infobox disease Name Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy Image Caption DiseasesDB 25165 ICD10 ICD10 A 81 a 80 ICD9 ICD9 046 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj neuro eMedicineTopic 662 MeshID D017096 Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies TSE s , also known as prion diseases , are a group of progressive ... volume 56 issue 9 pages 1235 1242 title Spiroplasma spp. from transmissible spongiform encephalopathy brains or ticks induce spongiform encephalopathy in ruminants author Bastian FO, Sanders DE, Forbes ... spongiform encephalopathy BSE spread in cattle in an epidemic fashion. This occurred because cattle ... Sheep and goat s Scrapie prion OvPrP sup Sc sup 90.001.0.01.002. Transmissible mink encephalopathy ... deer , Mule Deer and Red Deer CWD prion MDePrP sup Sc sup 90.001.0.01.004. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy .... Feline spongiform encephalopathy FSE Cats FSE prion FePrP sup Sc sup 90.001.0.01.006. Exotic ungulate encephalopathy EUE Nyala and Greater Kudu greater kudu EUE prion NyaPrP sup Sc sup colspan 5 Human ... encephalopathy journal Clin Invest Med issue 3 url http works.bepress.com cgi viewcontent.cgi ... P, Bradley R title 1755 and all that a historical primer of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy ... with an explanation of how a prion protein might transmit spongiform encephalopathy. ref cite ... 03 15171 9 ref It wasn t until 1988 that the neuropathology of spongiform encephalopathy was properly ... of spongiform encephalopathy journal Clin Invest Med issue 3 url http works.bepress.com cgi viewcontent.cgi ... as a diagnostic feature, reflected in the use of the term spongiform encephalopathy for this group of disorders ... of prion infection in cattle and other ruminants. Note that not all encephalopathy encephalopathies ... Leukoencephalopathy PSL which is a spongiform encephalopathy is also probably not caused by a prion ..., Campbell SL, King D, et al. title High titers of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy infectivity ... External links DMOZ Health Animal Conditions and Diseases Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy ... more details
Encephalopathy url http fsrio.nal.usda.gov document fsheet.php?product id 169 accessdate 2008 04 07 ... 9169904 Bovine spongiform encephalopathy BSE causes and consequences of a common source epidemic ... assets crs RL32627.pdf Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Canadian Beef ... . BSE is a type of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy TSE . ref name TSE cite web title ... times failure of the infectious disease model of spongiform encephalopathy. journal Clin Invest ... encephalopathy had the same type of prion protein gene mutation as found in human patients with the genetic ... 2006 02 10 accessdate 2009 06 20 ref ref cite web title Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Mad Cow Disease url http www.fsis.usda.gov Fact Sheets Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Mad Cow Disease index.asp ... of bovine spongiform encephalopathy the human prion disease hypothesis journal Lancet volume 366 issue ... A last2 Colchester first2 N date 28 January 2006 title Origin of bovine spongiform encephalopathy ... WikiVet http en.wikivet.net Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy reviewed ... Related to Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and the Emergence of a New Variant of Creutzfeldt Jakob ... category Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Wiktionary Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Commons category Bovine spongiform encephalopathy DMOZ Health Animal Conditions and Diseases Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy OIE World Organisation for Animal Health http www.oie.int eng info en esbmonde.htm Number of reported cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy BSE ... Encephalopathy Category Bovine diseases Category Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies Category ... bovina ko id Bovine spongiform encephalopathy ia Encephalopathia spongiforme bovin is K ari a ... more details
in infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy url journal Pediatrics volume 106 issue 1 ... encephalopathy efficacy outcomes url journal Pediatr. Neurol volume 32 issue 1 pages 11 7 ... Moderate hypothermia in neonatal encephalopathy safety outcomes url journal Pediatr. Neurol volume ... Davis first5 P last6 Jacobs first6 Susan E title Cooling for newborns with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy ... Vries first9 LS title Origin and timing of brain lesions in term infants with neonatal encephalopathy ... M title Selective head cooling with mild systemic hypothermia after neonatal encephalopathy multicentre ... after neonatal encephalopathy url journal Lancet volume 365 issue 9471 pages 1619 20 doi 10.1016 ... encephalopathy animal observations as a basis for a randomized, controlled pilot study in term ... first9 LL title Whole body hypothermia for neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy url journal ... encephalopathy do we have the answer? url journal Pediatrics volume 120 issue 5 pages 1126 30 pmid ... first8 M last9 Marlow first9 N title Moderate hypothermia to treat perinatal asphyxial encephalopathy ... of hypothermic neural rescue therapy for perinatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy journal Seminars ... lactic alkalosis persisting months after neonatal encephalopathy measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy ... more details
Infobox disease Name Familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies Image Alt Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 604218 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID GeneReviewsID GeneReviewsName Familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies FENIB is a progressive disorder of the nervous system that is characterized by a loss of intellectual functioning dementia and seizures. At first, affected individuals may have difficulty sustaining attention and concentrating. Their judgment, insight, and memory become impaired as the condition progresses. Over time, they lose the ability to perform the activities of daily living, and most people with this condition eventually require comprehensive care. The signs and symptoms of familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies vary in their severity and age of onset. In severe cases, the condition causes seizures and episodes of sudden, involuntary muscle jerking or twitching myoclonus in addition to dementia. These signs can appear as early as a person s teens. Less severe cases are characterized by a progressive decline in intellectual functioning beginning in a person s forties or fifties. Mutations in the SERPINI1 gene cause familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies. The SERPINI1 gene provides instructions for making a protein called neuroserpin. This protein is found in nerve cell s, where it plays a role in the development and function of the nervous system. Neuroserpin helps control the cell growth growth of nerve cells and their connections with one another, which suggests that this protein may be important for learning and memory. Mutations in the gene result in the production of an abnormally shaped, unstable version of neuroserpin. Abnormal neuroserpin proteins can attach to one another and form clumps called neuroserpin inclusion bodies or Collins bodies within nerve ... Genetics Home Reference Familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies Disorders ... more details
RPLS may refer to Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome Surveying Registered Professional Land Surveyor disambig ... more details
Wernicke syndrome is an ambiguous term. It may refer to Receptive aphasia Wernicke aphasia the eponym ous term for receptive or sensory aphasia. Wernicke s encephalopathy Wernicke encephalopathy an acute neurology neurological syndrome of ophthalmoparesis , ataxia , and encephalopathy brought on by thiamine deficiency. Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome , also called Korsakoff psychosis a subacute dementia syndrome, often following Wernicke encephalopathy , characterized clinically by confabulation and clinicopathologically correlated with degeneration of the mammillary body mammillary bodies . See also Carl Wernicke 1848 1905 , the neurologist who described all of these syndromes. Wernicke s area , named after Carl Wernicke, a brain region associated with the understanding of written and spoken language. disambig it Sindrome di Wernicke ... more details
Pres may refer to President Pressure Presbyterian Presentation Brothers College, Cork PRES is the acronym for Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Paediatric Rheumatology European Society PReS List of public university systems and consortiums in France French centers for research and higher education P le de recherche et d enseignement sup rieur Postgraduate Research Experience Survey disambig fr Pr s ... more details
wiktionary eue EUE may refer to Elliot Unger and Elliot , an American commercial production company EuE , a political party in Euskadi, Spain EUE airport , a public American airport EUE Editions Universitaires Europ ennes , a publishing house of the VDM Publishing VDM Group Exotic ungulate encephalopathy , a prion disease of zoo animals disambig ... more details
CJD can mean Creutzfeldt Jakob disease , a rare disease of the brain caused by prion s, related to bovine spongiform encephalopathy Julian day Alternatives Chronological Julian Day , an alternate way of expressing the Julian Date Christliches Jugenddorfwerk Deutschlands , a German Christian educational institution Abbreviation for Chojoongdong , the three major newspapers in South Korea . Dealerships that sell Chrysler division Chrysler , Jeep , and Dodge vehicles A defunct punk band from Brighton , England disambig de CJD fr CJD it CJD ko CJD ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 Intermittent Rhythmic Delta Activity IRDA is a type of brain wave abnormality found in electroencephalogram s EEG . It is found in the frontal FIRDA or occipital OIRDA areas of the brain and can be caused by a number of different reasons, some benign, unknown reasons, but also are commonly associated with lesion s, tumor s, and encephalopathy encephalopathies . DEFAULTSORT Intermittent Rhythmic Delta Activity Category Neurology Disease stub ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
