Infobox Disease Name Endometrioidtumor Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO 8380 8381 OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D018269 Endometrioid tumors are a class of tumor characterized by a resemblance to endometrium ref name urlDorlands Medical Dictionary endometrioidtumor cite web url http www.mercksource.com pp us cns cns hl dorlands split.jsp?pg ppdocs us common dorlands dorland nine 13959057.htm title Dorlands Medical Dictionary endometrioidtumor work accessdate ref endometrial carcinoma, and over a third of cases have focal squamous differentiation. Ovary They are part of the surface epithelial stromal tumor surface epithelial tumor group of Ovarian cancer ovarian neoplasm s 10 20 of which are the endometrioid type . Benign and borderline variants are rare, as the majority are malignant . There is an association with endometriosis and concurrent primary endometrial carcinoma endometrial cancer . On gross pathology pathological examination, the tumor is cystic and may be solid and some arise in cystic endometriosis. In 40 of cases, endometrioid tumors are found bilaterally. ref cite book editor1 last Robbins editor2 last Cotran title Pathologic Basis of Disease location Philadelphia publisher Saunders edition 7th isbn 0721601871 year 2005 ref Endometrium Endometrioid carcinoma can also arise in the endometrium. ref name pmid18156975 cite journal author Mulvany NJ, Allen DG title Combined large cell neuroendocrine and endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium journal Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. volume 27 issue 1 pages 49 57 year 2008 month January pmid 18156975 doi 10.1097 pgp.0b013e31806219c5 url http meta.wkhealth.com pt pt core template journal ... accessdate 2010 03 24 ref References reflist Tumor histology Breast cancer urogenital neoplasia DEFAULTSORT EndometrioidTumor Category Gynaecological cancer oncology stub ..., Endometrioid ref Grades 1 and 2 are considered type 1 endometrial cancer , while grade 3 is considered ... more details
Image Hidradenoma.jpg thumb 200px Neoplasm Neoplastic tumor of the cheek skin, here a benign neoplasm ... Image Tumor after operation.jpg thumb 200px Tumor after operation A tumor or tumour is commonly ... eight 000112106 Tumor ref Tumor is not synonymous with cancer . While cancer is by definition malignant, a tumor can be Benign neoplasm benign , pre malignant , or malignant , or can represent a lesion ... synonymously with tumor . Generally speaking, however, the term tumor is used generically, without ... also note that 25.4 mm 1 inch . Etymology The term tumour tumor is derived from the Latin word for swelling tumor . It is similar to the Old French tumour contemporary French tumeur . In the Commonwealth the spelling tumour is commonly used, whereas in the U.S. it is usually spelled tumor ... of acute inflammation as tumor , Pain dolor , calor , and rubor swelling, pain, increased heat, and redness ... of the movable type printing press . In contemporary English, the word tumor is often used as a synonym for a cystic liquid filled growth or solid neoplasm cancerous or non cancerous , ref Tumor ... such as leukemia or carcinoma in situ . Recently, tumor growth has been studied using mathematics ... stresses and strains can be dealt with and their influence on the growth of the tumor and the surrounding ... show, among other things, that active growth of the tumor is restricted to the outer edges of the tumor, and that stiffening of the underlying normal tissue inhibits tumor growth as well. ref cite ..., or abnormal connections, may also present as a tumor. Examples are arteriovenous fistulae .... It can be dangerous to biopsy a number of types of tumor in which the leakage of their contents .... The nature of a tumor is determined by imaging, by surgical exploration, and or by a Anatomical ... wiktionary tumor tumour http www.skintumor.info Skintumor.info gallery http www.mtcc.cinbo.org Cancer Control MTCC http dx.plos.org 10.1371 journal.pone.0035187 TumorHope A database of tumor homing peptides ... more details
Tumor initiation is a process in which normal cells are changed so that they are able to form tumor s. It is the first phase in tumor development. Substances that cause cancer can be tumor initiators. See also Tumor promotion Tumor progression External links http www.cancer.gov Templates db alpha.aspx?CdrID 390314 Tumor initiation entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms NCI cancer dict Category Carcinogenesis Oncology stub ... more details
Vascular tumor may mean tumor of vascular origin , a growth Benign tumor benign or malignant formed from blood vessel s for example, hemangioma , Lymphangioma , hemangioendothelioma , Kaposi sarcoma , angiosarcoma , hemangioblastoma , etc. a highly vascularized tumor or poorly vascularized tumor , referring to the degree of adequate or inadequate ischemic blood supply to a tumor formed from any biological tissue disambig ... more details
Tumor promotion is a process in which existing tumors are stimulated to grow. It is the second phase in tumor development. Tumor promoters are not able to cause tumors to form. See also Tumor initiation Tumor progression External links http www.cancer.gov Templates db alpha.aspx?CdrID 390316 Tumor promotion entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms NCI cancer dict Category Carcinogenesis Oncology stub ... more details
A primary tumor is a tumor growing at the anatomical site where tumor progression began and proceeded to yield a cancerous mass. References Weinberg, Robert. The Biology of Cancer, 2007. Category Types of neoplasia disease stub de Prim rtumor ... more details
A stromal tumor is a tumor that arises in the supporting connective tissue of an organ. External links http www.cancer.gov Templates db alpha.aspx?CdrID 44929 Stromal tumor entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms NCI cancer dict Category Types of neoplasia Oncology stub ... more details
A papillary tumor is a tumor shaped like a small mushroom , with its stem attached to the epithelial layer inner lining of an organ. External links http www.cancer.gov Templates db alpha.aspx?CdrID 46240 Papillary tumor entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms NCI cancer dict Category Types of neoplasia oncology stub ... more details
Glial tumor is a general term for numerous tumors of the central nervous system , including astrocytomas , ependymal tumor s, glioblastoma multiforme , and primitive neuroectodermal tumor s. External links http www.cancer.gov Templates db alpha.aspx?CdrID 45697 Glial tumor entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms NCI cancer dict Category Nervous system neoplasia oncology stub ... more details
Tumor antigen is an antigen ic substance produced in tumor Cell biology cells , i.e., it triggers an immune response in the Host biology host . Tumor antigens are useful in identifying tumor cells and are potential candidates for use in cancer therapy . Mechanism of tumor antigenesis Normal protein s in the body ... of tumor antigens Initially they were broadly classified into two categories based on their pattern of expression Tumor Specific Antigens TSA , which are present only on tumor cells and not on any other cell and Tumor Associated Antigens TAA , which are present on some tumor cells and also some normal cells. This classification, however,is imperfect because many antigens thought to be tumor specific turned out to be expressed on some normal cells as well. The modern classification of tumor ... needed date June 2010 Products of Mutated Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes Products of Other Mutated Genes Overexpressed or Aberrantly Expressed Cellular Proteins Tumor Antigens Produced ... Specific Differentiation Antigens Types Any protein produced in a tumor cell that has an abnormal structure due to mutation can act as a tumor antigen. Such abnormal proteins are produced due to mutation of the concerned gene . Mutation of protooncogene s and tumor suppressor s which lead to abnormal protein production are the cause of the tumor and thus such abnormal proteins are called tumor specific antigens . Examples of tumor specific antigens include the abnormal products of ras and p53 genes. In contrast, mutation of other genes unrelated to the tumor formation may lead to synthesis of abnormal proteins which are called tumor associated antigens . Proteins that are normally produced in very low quantities but whose production is dramatically increased in tumor cells, trigger an immune ... in melanoma cells. Oncofetal antigen s are another important class of tumor antigens. Examples are alphafetoprotein ... s may also have an abnormal structure in tumor cells and could thus be targets of the immune system ... more details
unreferenced date October 2011 Tumor progression is the third and last phase in tumor development. This phase is characterised by increased growth speed and invasiveness of the tumor cells. As a result of the progression, phenotypical changes occur. Together with the progression, more and more aneuploidy occurs. This leads to expression in cell and nuclear polymorphism. See also Tumor initiation Tumor promotion External links http www.cancer.gov Templates db alpha.aspx?CdrID 390316 Tumor progression entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms NCI cancer dict Category Carcinogenesis Oncology stub ... more details
Infobox disease Name Warthin s tumor ICD10 ICD10 D 11 d 10 ICD9 ICD9 210.2 ICDO 8561 0 Image Warthin s tumor.jpg Caption This Warthin s tumor presented as a parotid mass in a middle aged male, who underwent superficial parotidectomy. The tumor, at the right of the image, is well demarcated from the adjacent ... Warthin s tumor or Warthin tumour , also known as wiktionary Papillary papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum or adenolymphoma, is a type of benign tumor of the salivary glands . Etiology Its etiology ... times greater risk of developing Warthin s tumor than the general population. ref name robbins ... than pleomorphic adenoma , Warthin s tumor is the second most common benign parotid tumor. Characteristic ... tumor arising from the parotid gland. Warthin s tumor primarily affects older individuals age 60&ndash ... been associated with a strong male predilection. This change is possibly due to the tumor s association with cigarette smoking and the growing use of cigarettes by women. The tumor is slow growing ... mandible . In 5&ndash 14 of cases, Warthin s tumor is bilateral, but the two masses usually are at different times. Warthin s tumor is highly unlikely to become malignant . Histology The appearance of this tumor under the microscope is unique. There are cystic spaces surrounded by two uniform rows ... removal . It is non recurrent . Additional images gallery Image Warthin tumor 1 .jpg Histopathology of Warthin tumor in the parotid gland. H&E stain. Image Warthin tumor 2 .jpg Histopathology of Warthin tumor in the parotid gland. Another view of a file Warthin tumor 1 .jpg . H&E stain. Image Warthin tumor 3 .jpg Histopathology of Warthin tumor in the parotid gland. Higher magnification of a file Warthin tumor 1 .jpg . H&E stain. Image Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum2.jpg Intermediate magnification micrograph of a Warthin tumor . Image Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum3.jpg High magnification micrograph of a Warthin tumor showing the characteristic bilayered epithelium. gallery See ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Neuroectodermal tumor Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D018358 A neuroectodermal tumor is a tumor of the central nervous system central or peripheral nervous system . See also Neuroendocrine tumors Neuroectoderm Primitive neuroectodermal tumor PNET Medulloblastoma External links http www.cancer.gov Templates db alpha.aspx?CdrID 45952 Neuroectodermal tumor entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms NCI cancer dict Central nervous system tumors Category Anatomical pathology Category Nervous system neoplasia oncology stub fr Tumeur d origine neuroectodermique ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 A functioning tumor is a tumor that is found in endocrine tissue and makes hormones chemicals that travel in the bloodstream and control the actions of other cells or organs . External links http www.cancer.gov Templates db alpha.aspx?CdrID 458094 Functioning tumor entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms NCI cancer dict Category Types of neoplasia oncology stub ... more details
An ependymal tumor is a type of brain tumor that begins in cells lining the spinal cord central canal fluid filled space down the center or the Ventricular system ventricles fluid filled spaces of the brain . Ependymal tumors may also form in the choroid plexus tissue in the ventricles that makes cerebrospinal fluid . Also called ependymoma . External links http www.cancer.gov Templates db alpha.aspx?CdrID 45679 Ependymal tumor entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms NCI cancer dict Central nervous system tumors Category Brain tumor oncology stub ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Adenomatoid tumor Image Adenomatoid tumour b very high mag.jpg Caption High magnification micrograph of an adenomatoid tumor. H&E stain . DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO 9054 0 OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D018254 Adenomatoid tumor is a benign mesothelial tumor . It generally presents in the genital tract, in regions such as the testis ref cite journal author Williams SB, Han M, Jones R, Andrawis R title Adenomatoid tumor of the testes journal Urology volume 63 issue 4 pages 779 81 year 2004 pmid 15072910 doi 10.1016 j.urology.2003.11.035 ref and epididymis . ref name titleAdenomatoid tumor of the epididymis cite web url http www.gfmer.ch selected images v2 detail list.php?cat1 6&cat3 139&stype d title Adenomatoid tumor of the epididymis accessdate 2007 12 15 format work ref However, it also has been found in the pancreas . ref name titleModern Pathology Adenomatoid Tumor of the Pancreas A Case Report with Comparison of Histology and Aspiration Cytology cite journal author Overstreet K, Wixom C, Shabaik A, Bouvet M, Herndier B title Adenomatoid tumor of the pancreas a case report with comparison of histology and aspiration cytology journal Mod Pathol. volume 16 issue 6 pages 613 7 year 2003 month Jun pmid 12808068 doi 10.1097 01.MP.0000072803.37527.C8 url http www.nature.com modpathol journal v16 n6 full 3880812a.html ref In the female, it has been found in the body of the uterus and the fallopian tube . ref cite journal author Huang CC, Chang DY, Chen CK, Chou YY, Huang SC title Adenomatoid tumor of the female genital tract journal Int J Gynaecol Obstet volume 50 issue 3 pages 275 80 year 1995 month Sep pmid 8543111 doi 10.1016 0020 7292 95 02453 J url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii 002072929502453J ref References reflist Soft tissue tumors and sarcomas Category Benign neoplasms neoplasm stub ... more details
A Tumor Bank , as used in this article, is a term commonly used to describe a service that collects, stores and distributes fresh human tumor tissue for the purposes of biomedical research, primarily cancer research. A Tumor Bank is sometimes also referred to as a Tissue Bank , since normal tissues for research are also often collected. However, this function is distinct from a Tissue bank Tissue Bank which collects and harvests human cadaver tissue for medical research and education, and banks which store Biomedical tissue for organ transplantation. Cancer Samples Most tumor banks collect their tumor samples from discarded tissues not needed for pathologic diagnosis, after patients undergo surgery to remove the tumor. The tissue is often snap frozen in liquid nitrogen but may also be preserved in special fixative such as RNAlater which preserves RNA , or formalin which preserved tissue architecture. Many NCI designated Cancer Center Cancer Centers in the U.S. have a Tumor Bank to supply biomedical scientists with actual patient samples of cancer and associated adjacent normal tissue. This process is currently a high priority to support more Translational Research . See also Cooperative Human Tissue Network CHTN References cite journal author Hidalgo DO, Entrena NR title Tumor Banks for genomic and proteomic research journal Clinical and Translational Oncology volume 6 pages 381 390 year 2004 url http www.springerlink.com content x764rw76q2268446 cite journal author Isabelle M, Teodorovic I, Morente MM, et al. title TuBaFrost 5 multifunctional central database application for a European tumor bank journal Eur. J. Cancer volume 42 issue 18 pages 3103 9 year 2006 month December pmid 17029787 doi 10.1016 j.ejca.2006.04.032 External links http www.umassmed.edu cancercenter tissuebank index.aspx UMass Cancer Center Tumor Bank http www.cancerdiagnosis.nci.nih.gov specimens National Cancer Institute Human specimens for research Category Medical research ... more details
A Mixed tumor is a tumor that derives from multiple tissue types. ref http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com mixed tumor ref For example, a Chondroid syringoma is a cutaneous condition characterized histology histologically by nests of cuboidal or polygonal epithelial Cell biology cells in the dermis . ref name Andrews cite book author James, William D. Berger, Timothy G. et al. title Andrews Diseases of the Skin clinical Dermatology publisher Saunders Elsevier location year 2006 pages isbn 0 7216 2921 0 oclc doi accessdate ref rp 667 and it s of two types 1 derived from a single germ cell layer that differentiates into more than one cell type 2 derived from more than one germ cell layer totipotent cells See also Malignant mixed tumor Cylindroma Complex and mixed tumor List of cutaneous conditions References reflist Epidermal growth stub Category Epidermal nevi, neoplasms, cysts ... more details
Tumor hypoxia is the situation where tumor cell biology cells have been deprived of oxygen . As a tumor grows, it rapidly outgrows its blood supply, leaving portions of the tumor with regions where the oxygen concentration is significantly lower than in healthy tissues. Hypoxic tumor cells are usually resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy , ref W. A. Denny, Prodrug strategies in cancer therapy, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2001, 36, 577 595 ref but they can be made more susceptible to treatment by increasing the amount of oxygen in them. Bioreductive prodrugs also play a significant part in dealing with these kinds of cells they can kill the oxygen deficient tumor cells selectively as hypoxic cytotoxins . The study of tumors in such conditions was pioneered by Louis Harold Gray Dr L. H. Gray . Tumor hypoxia can also be a result of the high degree of cell proliferation undergone in tumor tissue which causes a higher cell density and thus taxes the local oxygen supply. There are several companies working to address tumor hypoxia Novacea, Inc., Proacta Inc. and Threshold Pharmaceuticals, Inc. These companies are developing the following drug candidates AQ4N Novacea , PR 104 Proacta and TH 302 Threshold Pharmaceuticals . These drug candidates target levels of hypoxia that are common in tumors but are rare in normal tissues. The hypoxic zones of tumors generally evade traditional chemotherapeutic agents and ultimately contribute to relapse. In the literature, hypoxia has been demonstrated ... response. ref Association between tumor hypoxia and malignant progression in advanced cancer ... . ref Exploiting tumor hypoxia in cancer treatment J.M. Brown and W.R. Wilson Nat.Rev.Canc.4,437, 2004. ref ref Hypoxia targeting the tumor R.G. Boyle and S. Travess Anticancer Agents Med. Chem. 64 281 ... as a chemo and radio sensitizing agent by enhancing tumor blood flow, thereby reducing tumor hypoxia ..., Charles H. Graham Cancer Metastatis Review 2007 26 319 331 DEFAULTSORT Tumor Hypoxia Category Oncology ... more details
The term tumor metabolome describes the characteristic metabolic phenotype of tumor cells. Comparison of the metabolic characteristics of different tumor cell lines and tumors revealed that during tumorigenesis, the same alterations always occur in distinct metabolic parameters regardless of the basic metabolism of the tissues from which the tumor developed, such as brain or liver and regardless of the molecular mechanism by which tumorigenesis was induced. The characteristic attributes of the tumor metabolome are high glycolysis glycolytic enzyme activities the expression of the pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2, which is mainly in its dimeric form Tumor M2 PK increased channeling of glucose carbons into synthetic processes, such as nucleic acid , amino acid and phospholipid synthesis a high rate of pyrimidine and purine de novo synthesis a low ATP GTP CTP UTP ratio low AMP levels high glutaminolysis glutaminolytic capacities release of immunosuppressive substances dependency on methionine References cite journal last Mazurek first S. coauthors Grimm H. Boschek CB Vaupel P Eigenbrodt E title Pyruvate kinase type M2 a crossroad in the tumor metabolome journal The British Journal of Nutrition month January year 2002 volume 87 issue S1 pages S23 S29 pmid 11895152 doi 10.1079 BJN2001455 cite journal last Mazurek first S. coauthors Eigenbrodt E. title The tumor metabolome journal Anticancer Research month March April year 2003 volume 23 pages 1149 1154 pmid 12820363 issue 2A External links http www.metabolic database.com metabolic database Category Metabolism Category Carcinogenesis oncology stub ... more details
A pelvic tumor is any one of numerous tumor s that occur in the pelvis . Within the pelvis, these tumors may involve specific organs, or occupy intra organ spaces. Tumors of the presacral space and sacral space are most prevalent in children. Tumors occupying specific organs have a more complex natural history. Tumors occupying specific organs Sacrococcygeal teratoma Bladder cancer Anal cancer Ovarian cancer Testicular cancer Tumors occupying intra organ spaces Presacral space Teratoma Sacral space in approximate order of prevalence Teratoma Lipoma Ganglioneuroma Myxopapillary ependymoma Primitive neuroectodermal tumor Aneurysmal bone cyst Ewing s sarcoma Metastasis Metastases from brain stem tumors medulloblastoma , ependymoma , high grade astrocytoma Complications Urinary incontinence Fecal incontinence disease stub tumors Category Types of neoplasia ... more details
Infobox disease Name Tracheal tumor Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 C33, D14.2 ICD9 ICD9 162.0 , ICD9 212.2 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj article eMedicineTopic 425904 MeshID D014134 A Tracheal tumor is a tumor primarily presenting in the Vertebrate trachea trachea . They may be benign or malignant. ref name pmid19249453 Cite journal author Ferretti GR, Bithigoffer C, Righini CA, Arbib F, Lantuejoul S, Jankowski A title Imaging of tumors of the trachea and central bronchi journal Radiol. Clin. North Am. volume 47 issue 2 pages 227 41 year 2009 month March pmid 19249453 doi 10.1016 j.rcl.2008.11.010 url http journals.elsevierhealth.com retrieve pii S0033 8389 08 00221 2 ref References Reflist Respiratory neoplasia Category Head and neck cancer of respiratory tract oncology stub ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Wilms& 39 tumor Image Wilms tumor.jpg Caption Cut section showing two halves of a nephroblastoma ... of tumor into the renal pelvis, resembling botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma. DiseasesDB 8896 ICD10 ICD10 ... med eMedicineTopic 3093 eMedicine mult eMedicine2 ped 2440 MeshID D009396 Image Wilms Tumor CTScan.OGG thumb right thumbtime 3 Computed tomography CT Scan of 11 cm Wilms tumor of right kidney in 13 month old patient. Wilms tumor or nephroblastoma is cancer of the kidney s that typically occurs ... , referring to Dr. Max Wilms , the German surgeon 1867&ndash 1918 who first described this kind of tumor .... In cases of metastasis it is usually to the lung. A rupture of Wilms tumor puts the patient at risk of hemorrhage and peritoneal dissemination of the tumor. In such cases, surgical intervention by a surgeon who is experienced in the removal of such a fragile tumor is imperative. Pathologically, a triphasic nephroblastoma comprises three elements blastema mesenchyme epithelium Wilms tumor is a malignant tumor containing metanephric blastema , stromal and epithelial derivatives. Characteristic ... may include striated muscle , cartilage , bone , fat tissue, fibrous tissue. The tumor is compressing ... Diagnosis The first sign is normally a painless abdominal tumor that can be easily felt by the doctor. An Ultrasound, Computed Tomography, or MRI are done first. Once a kidney tumor is found, a surgical biopsy is done. A sample of tissue from the tumor is sent to a pathologist, who looks at it under a microscope to check for signs of cancer. Prognosis Tumor specific loss of heterozygosity LOH for chromosomes 1p and 16q identifies a subset of Wilms tumor patients who have a significantly increased ... for chromosomes 1p and 16q is an adverse prognostic factor in favorable histology Wilms tumor a report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group journal Journal of Clinical Oncology J Clin Oncol year ... virtual karyotyping of tumor cells fresh or paraffin embedded . The overall prognosis with surgical ... more details
of an ovarian mucinous tumor, however this is a rare cause of this condition, which is a rare condition. A more common cause of pseudomyxoma peritonei is a mucin producing tumor of the appendix ... in both ovaries with a mucinous tumor suggests that the tumor may have arisen in another ... Mucinous Tumor Category Gynaecological neoplasia ... more details
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