Chorionic hematoma also chorionic hemorrhage is the pooling of blood hematoma between the chorion , a membrane surrounding the embryo , and the uterus uterine wall . ref name lww Nagy, S ndor MD Bush, Melissa MD Stone, Joanne MD Lapinski, Robert H. PhD Gard , S ndor MD, DSci. Clinical Significance of Subchorionic and Retroplacental Hematomas Detected in the First Trimester of Pregnancy http journals.lww.com greenjournal Fulltext 2003 07000 Clinical Significance of Subchorionic and.19.aspx . Obstetrics & Gynecology July 2003 Volume 102 Issue 1 p 94 100 ref With an incidence of 3.1 of all pregnancies, ref name lww it is the most common Medical ultrasonography sonographic abnormality and the most common cause of first trimester bleeding . ref name medscape Avneesh Chhabra, MD et al. Subchorionic Hemorrhage http emedicine.medscape.com article 404971 overview , Medscape. ref Cause and diagnosis File Gray24.png frame Chorion, amnion and gestational yolk sac Chorionic hematomas can be caused by the separation of the chorion from the endometrium inner membrane of the uterus . Hematomas are classified by their location between tissue layers ref Trop, Isabelle and Levine, Deborah. Hemorrhage During Pregnancy Sonography and MR Imaging http www.ajronline.org cgi content full 176 3 607 . Amer J Roentgenology 2001 176 607 615. ref Subchorionic hematomas , the most common type, are between the chorion and endometrium. Retroplacental hematomas are entirely behind the placenta and not touching the gestational sac. Subamniotic or preplacental hematomas are contained within amnion and chorion. Rare. Most patients with a small subchorionic hematoma are asymptomatic. ref Trop I, Levine D. Hemorrhage during pregnancy sonography and MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Mar 2001 176 3 607 15. ref Symptoms include vaginal bleeding , abdominal pain , premature labor and threatened abortion . ref Hodgson DT, Lotfipour S, Fox JC. Vaginal bleeding before 20 weeks gestation due to placental abruptio ... more details
species of Eutheria placental mammal undergo estrous cycle s, in which the endometrium is completely ... takes place, the uterus reabsorbs the endometrium. This breakdown of the endometrium ... of rebuilding the endometrium every fertility cycle. However, anthropologist Beverly Strassmann ... blood associated with dismantling the endometrium rather than absorbing it, as most mammals do. Animal ... Red kangaroo 3 35 Lion 9 55 Dog 7 60 See also Endometrium Estrous cycle Breeding pair Reproduction ... more details
refimprove date August 2009 Ectogenesis from the Greek language Greek ecto , outer, and wikt genesis genesis is the growth of an organism in an artificial environment ref http www.yourdictionary.com ectogenesis yourdictionary.com ectogenesis In turn citing Webster s New World College Dictionary, 2010 by Wiley Publishing ref outside the body in which it would normally be found, such as the growth of an embryo or fetus outside the mother s body, or the growth of bacteria outside the body of a host. ref http www.thefreedictionary.com ectogenesis thefreedictionary.com ectogenesis In turn citing Collins English Dictionary Complete and Unabridged 6th Edition 2003 ref Human embryos and fetuses See Artificial uterus Ectogenesis of human embryos and fetuses would require an artificial uterus . An artificial uterus would have to be supplied by nutrients and oxygen from some source to nurture a fetus, as well as dispose of waste material. There would like be a need for an interface between such a supplier, filling this function of the placenta . An artificial uterus, as a replacement organ, could be used to assist women with damaged or diseased uteri to avail the fetus to be conceived to term. It also has the potential to move the threshold of fetal viability to a much earlier stage of pregnancy. This would have implications for the ongoing controversy regarding human reproductive rights . Ectogenesis could also be a means by which Homosexuality homosexuals could have genetic offspring without the use of a Surrogate pregnancy or Sperm donor Sperm Donor , and allow women to have children without going through the pregnancy cycle. See also Ectopic pregnancy Endometrium in vitro fertilization IVF Placenta Uterus Amniotic fluid Apheresis Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ECMO Hemodialysis Liver dialysis Total parenteral nutrition TPN Tissue engineering References reflist Category Developmental biology developmental biology stub de Ektogenese fr Ectogen se pl Ektogeneza ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Cryptomenorrhea Image Caption DiseasesDB 32217 ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Cryptomenorrhea or cryptomenorrhoea , also known as hematocolpos, Citation needed date April 2010 is a condition where menstruation occurs but is not visible ref DorlandsDict two 000025811 cryptomenorrhea ref due to an obstruction of the outflow tract. Specifically the endometrium is shed, but a congenital obstruction such as a vaginal septum or on part of the hymen retains the menstrual flow. A patient with cryptomenorrhea will appear to have amenorrhea but will experience cyclic menstrual pain. The condition is surgery surgically correctable. The patient usually presents at the age of puberty when the commencement of menstruation blood gets collected in the vagina and gives rise to symptoms. Symptoms Primary amenorrhea and cyclical lower abdominal pain are the chief presenting complaints of hematocolpos. Patient maybe brought in emergency urinary retention. Signs abdominal examination swelling is felt on palpation. on vulval inspection a tense , bulging, bluish membrane is seen, this finding varies according to the thickness of the obstructing membrane. It maybe absent in patients with complete or partial vaginal agenesis. on Rectal examination a large bulging mass is felt. Investigations can be easily diagnosed on ultrasound, vagina is seen filled with blood and uterus is pushed upward. associated hematosalpinx and hematometra maybe seen. Complications hematometra collection of blood in the uterine cavity hematosalpinx collection of blood in fallopian tubes endometriosis in long standing cases in severe, untreated forms, infertility and urinary retention Treatment A thin perforate membrane needs a simple excision and the retained blood drains out over next few days. A thicker transverse vaginal septum can be treated with Z plasty. A blind vagina will require a partial or complete vaginoplasty. Hematosalpinx may require laprotomy ... more details
anovulatory cycles using progestogen only contraceptives, the endometrium is thin and atrophic. If the endometrium were also thin and atrophic during an ovulatory cycle, this could, in theory ... more details
In cell biology , stromal cells are connective tissue cells of any organ biology organ , for example in the uterus uterine mucosa endometrium , prostate , bone marrow , and the ovary . They are cells that support the function of the parenchymal cells of that organ. Fibroblasts , immune cells , pericytes , and Inflammation Cellular component inflammatory cells are the most common types of stromal cells. The interaction between stromal cells and tumor cells is known to play a major role in cancer growth and progression. ref Cite journal author Wiseman BS, Werb Z title Stromal effects on mammary gland development and breast cancer journal Science volume 296 issue 5570 pages 1046 9 year 2002 month May pmid 12004111 pmc 2788989 doi 10.1126 science.1067431 url http anatomy.ucsf.edu Werbwebsite publication 20list 202002 1046.pdf ref Stromal cells in the dermis layer adjacent to the Epidermis skin epidermis the very top layer of the skin release growth factors that promote cell division . This keeps the epidermis regenerating from the bottom while the top layer of cells on the epidermis are constantly being sloughed off of the body. Certain types of skin cancers basal cell carcinoma s cannot spread throughout the body because the cancer cells require nearby stromal cells to continue their division. The loss of these stromal growth factors when the cancer moves throughout the body prevents the cancer from invading other organs. See also Stroma disambiguation Stroma disambiguation Stroma of ovary References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Stromal Cell Category Connective tissue cells Cell biology stub Human cell types derived primarily from mesoderm id Sel stromal ja zh ... more details
Luteolysis is the structural and functional degradation of the corpus luteum CL , which occurs at the end of the luteal phase of both the Estrous cycle estrous and Menstrual cycle menstrual cycles in the absence of pregnancy . In domestic animals, luteolysis is inititated by the hormones prostaglandin F2alpha and oxytocin . In sheep, communication between the pars nervosa posterior lobe of the pituitary gland , corpus luteum, and the uterus endometrium via the circulatory system is required for luteolysis. Studies with sheep have found that, if the uterine horn ipsalateral to the ovary possessing the CL is surgically removed, the lifespan of the corpus luteum will increase drastically. Luteolysis in primates including humans , however, is not caused by prostaglandin, and removal of the uterus will not prolong the life of the corpus luteum. However, primates do respond to PGF2a, and women and asthmatics should take great care when handling this hormone. Estrogen Oestrogen and primarily progesterone , secreted by the corpus luteum, inhibit the release of Luteinizing hormone LH by the adenohypophysis anterior lobe of the pituitary gland via classical negative feedback mechanisms. This removes the luteotrophic support provided by the gonadotropin Luteinizing Hormone LH , and the corpus luteum degrades to a corpus albicans scar tissue , which is eventually absorbed into the ovary. Degradation of the corpus luteum will result in reduced levels of progesterone, promoting an increase in follicle stimulating hormone FSH secretion by the adenohypophysis, which will trigger the development of a new Ovarian follicle follicle on the ovary . If pregnancy occurs, the placental hormone chorionic gonadotrophin continues to maintain the corpus luteum, but in some species it will eventually degrade sometime during pregnancy. References Bagnell, C. 2005. Animal Reproduction . Rutgers University Department of Animal Sciences. Hadley, M.E. and Levine, J.E. 2007. Endocrinology, 6th Editio ... more details
phase, rising estrogen levels in the blood stimulates growth of the endometrium and myometrium ... receptors for progesterone , ref name vander678 which helps prime the endometrium to respond ... of a new layer of endometrium in the uterus, histologically identified as the proliferative endometrium ... more details
Infobox disease Name Lymphoepithelioma Image Lymphoepithelioma met to LN 5.jpg Alt Caption Nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma in a lymph node. Note the small, blue lymphocytes between the larger cancer cells. DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO M8082 3 OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID For more information on this topic, see Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Lymphoepithelioma is a type of poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma characterized by prominent infiltration of lymphocyte s in the area involved by tumor . Lymphoepithelioma is also known as class III nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the World Health Organization WHO classification system.It has high tendency to metastasize and is exquisitely radio sensitive tumour. Most cases are associated with Epstein Barr virus infection. ref name Weidner s cite book author Richard Cote, Saul Suster, Lawrence Weiss, Noel Weidner Editor title Modern Surgical Pathology 2 Volume Set publisher W B Saunders location London year pages isbn 0 7216 7253 1 oclc doi ref Lymphoepithelioma may also be referred to as Schmincke Regaud tumor , after the German pathologist Alexander Schminke and French radiologist Claude Regaud . Lymphoepithelioma like carcinoma s are carcinoma s that arise outside of the nasopharynx, but resemble a lymphoepithelioma histologically. Lymphoepithelioma like carcinomas may be found in almost any epithelial organ, including the lung , thymus , breast , Colon anatomy colon , endometrium , prostate , and skin . ref name Weidner s cite book author Richard Cote, Saul Suster, Lawrence Weiss, Noel Weidner Editor title Modern Surgical Pathology 2 Volume Set publisher W B Saunders location London year pages isbn 0 7216 7253 1 oclc doi ref References reflist Epithelial neoplasms Category Glandular and epithelial neoplasia Category Histopathology ... more details
Infobox Artery Name PAGENAME Latin rami helicini uterinae GraySubject 155 GrayPage 615 Image Gray589.png Caption Vessels of the uterus and its appendages, rear view. Helicine branches an older name for arcuate vessels are labeled at center top they appear to course on the surface of the uterus in this picture, but in fact they course within the myometrium. Image2 Uterine arterial vasculature.svg Caption2 Uterine arterial vasculature, showing arcuate arteries at left. ref cite doi 10.1136 jcp.29.Suppl 10.9 ref BranchFrom uterine artery BranchTo Vein Supplies MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre r 02 DorlandsSuf 12690283 The arcuate vessels of the uterus are a component of the blood supply of the uterus . They are arteries and veins that branch from the uterine arteries and veins, respectively, with additional anastomoses from the ovarian arteries and veins, ref Bottom of page 123 in cite book author Hurd, William W. Falcone, Tommaso title Clinical reproductive medicine and surgery publisher Mosby Elsevier location St. Louis, Mo year 2007 pages isbn 0 323 03309 1 oclc doi accessdate http books.google.se books?id fOPtaEIKvcIC&dq ref and penetrate and assume a circumferantial course in the myometrium . ref Page 440 section Uterus in cite book author Fiore, Mariano S H di Eroschenko, Victor P. title Di Fiore s Atlas of histology with functional correlations publisher Wolters Kluwer Health Lippincott Williams & Wilkins location Philadelphia year 2008 pages isbn 0 7817 7057 2 oclc doi accessdate http books.google.se books?id JZoTjdNSlpQC ref They have also been called helicine branches of the uterus or helicine arterioles , as they are spiral shaped, but they should not be confused with the spiral arteries that penetrate the endometrium in the inner uterus. References reflist circulatory stub Arteries of abdomen Category Arteries of the abdomen ... more details
Infobox disease Name Luteoma Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 C56.9 ICD9 ICDO 8610 0 OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D018311 Luteoma is a rare tumor of the ovaries . It can be associated with female pseudohermaphroditism . ref name pmid11870143 cite journal author Mazza V, Di Monte I, Ceccarelli PL, et al. title Prenatal diagnosis of female pseudohermaphroditism associated with bilateral luteoma of pregnancy case report journal Hum. Reprod. volume 17 issue 3 pages 821 4 year 2002 month March pmid 11870143 doi 10.1093 humrep 17.3.821 url http humrep.oxfordjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 11870143 ref Presentation This type of ovarian tumor produces progesterone . The excess of this hormone produces the symptoms that accompany this disease. Progesterone determines the modifications in the endometrium that block menstruation . The symptoms of this tumor simulate pregnancy . It can cause hirsutism . ref name pmid11127014 cite journal author Choi JR, Levine D, Finberg H title Luteoma of pregnancy sonographic findings in two cases journal J Ultrasound Med volume 19 issue 12 pages 877 81 year 2000 month December pmid 11127014 doi url http www.jultrasoundmed.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 11127014 ref Causes This type of tumor derives from a previous folliculoma or thecoma that luteinization has endured, acquiring the ability to produce and to accumulate the hormone. References reflist External links http esynopsis.uchc.edu eAtlas GYN 1323.htm Histology at esynopsis.uchc.edu Gonadal tumors, paraganglioma, glomus, nevi and melanomas Breast cancer urogenital neoplasia Category Gynaecological cancer retained ancestor category for benign cases retained ancestor category for benign cases oncology stub it Luteoma ... more details
Infobox disease Name Precursor T cell lymphoblastic leukemia Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO ICDO 9729 3 lymphoma ICDO 9837 3 leukaemia OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D054218 Precursor T cell lymphoblastic leukemia is a form of lymphoid leukemia , ref name pmid15843931 Cite journal author Kim MA, Lee GW, Maeng KY title An unusual presenting feature of precursor T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia lymphoma journal Ann. Hematol. volume 84 issue 8 pages 553 4 year 2005 month August pmid 15843931 doi 10.1007 s00277 005 1042 4 ref ref name pmid12004362 Cite journal author Lyman MD, Neuhauser TS title Precursor T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia lymphoma involving the uterine cervix, myometrium, endometrium, and appendix journal Ann Diagn Pathol volume 6 issue 2 pages 125 8 year 2002 month April pmid 12004362 doi 10.1053 adpa.2002.32381 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S1092913402356569 ref sometimes additionally classified as a lymphoma, as designated Precursor T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma . It comprises 85 to 90 of lymphoblastic lymphoma . ref name pmid17369128 Cite journal author Han X, Bueso Ramos CE title Precursor T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia lymphoblastic lymphoma and acute biphenotypic leukemias journal Am. J. Clin. Pathol. volume 127 issue 4 pages 528 44 year 2007 month April pmid 17369128 doi 10.1309 2QE3A6EKQ8UYDYRC url http ajcp.metapress.com openurl.asp?genre article&id doi 10.1309 2QE3A6EKQ8UYDYRC ref References Reflist Hematological malignancy histology Disease stub Category Lymphocytic leukemia ... more details
Arias Stella reaction , also Arias Stella phenomenon , is a benign change in the endometrium associated with the presence of chorionic villi chorionic tissue . ref name pmid11756756 Cite journal last1 Arias Stella first1 J. title The Arias Stella reaction facts and fancies four decades after. journal Adv Anat Pathol volume 9 issue 1 pages 12 23 month Jan year 2002 doi PMID 11756756 ref Cytopathology Cytologically , it looks like a malignancy and, historically, it was diagnosed as endometrial cancer . ref name pmid11756756 Significance It is significant only because it can be misdiagnosed as a cancer . It may be seen in a completely normal pregnancy . Diagnosis It is characterized by cell nucleus nuclear enlargement and may also have any of the following an irregular nuclear membrane , granular chromatin , centronuclear vacuolization, and pseudonuclear inclusions. ref name pmid11756756 Five subtypes are recognized ref name pmid11756756 Minimal atypia. Early secretory pattern. Secretory or hypersecretory pattern. Regenerative, proliferative or nonsecretory pattern. Monstrous cell pattern. History It was first described by Javier Arias Stella , a Peruvian pathologist in 1954. ref name pmid13170908 Cite journal last1 Arias Stella first1 J. title Atypical endometrial changes associated with the presence of chorionic tissue. journal Arch Pathol volume 58 issue 2 pages 112 28 month Aug year 1954 doi PMID 13170908 ref See also Choriocarcinoma Herpes Nuclear atypia Nuclear pleomorphism References Reflist 2 Category Female reproductive system ... more details
Infobox disease Name PAGENAME Image Chronic deciduitis very high mag.jpg Width 250 Caption Micrograph of a chronic deciduitis, showing the characteristic plasma cell s. H&E stain . DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Chronic deciduitis , also plasma cell deciduitis , is a type of long lasting inflammation that arises in pregnancy and affects the endometrium endometrial stromal tissue decidua . It is associated with Preterm birth preterm labour . ref name pmid18171100 Cite journal last1 Edmondson first1 N. last2 Bocking first2 A. last3 Machin first3 G. last4 Rizek first4 R. last5 Watson first5 C. last6 Keating first6 S. title The prevalence of chronic deciduitis in cases of preterm labor without clinical chorioamnionitis. journal Pediatr Dev Pathol volume 12 issue 1 pages 16 21 month year doi 10.2350 07 04 0270.1 PMID 18171100 ref The diagnosis rests primarily on the presence of plasma cell s. ref Cite journal last1 Khong first1 TY. last2 Bendon first2 RW. last3 Qureshi first3 F. last4 Redline first4 RW. last5 Gould first5 S. last6 Stallmach first6 T. last7 Lipsett first7 J. last8 Staples first8 A. title Chronic deciduitis in the placental basal plate definition and interobserver reliability. journal Hum Pathol volume 31 issue 3 pages 292 5 month Mar year 2000 doi PMID 10746670 ref See also Decidua Chorioamnionitis Additional images gallery Image Chronic deciduitis intermed mag.jpg Intermed. mag. Image Chronic deciduitis high mag.jpg High mag. gallery References Reflist 1 Category Inflammations Category Pathology of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium ... more details
from the endometrium itself but also from other tissues of the uterus, including cervical cancer ... the single layer of epithelium epithelial cells that line the endometrium and form the endometrial glands ... endometrioid type, in which the cancer cells grow in patterns reminiscent of normal endometrium ... glandular connective tissue of the endometrium. Uterine carcinosarcoma , formerly called Mixed ... FIGO staging system is as follows Carcinoma of the Endometrium IA Tumor confined to the uterus ... endometrioid carcinoma endometrium genital pathology.php Anatomical pathology images http rad.usuhs.mil ... Cancer de l endom tre id Kanker endometrium it Carcinoma endometriale he rw Kanseri za nyababyeyi ... more details
energy to the mesh that will thermally damage the adjacent endometrium. 87 of patients have a successful ... day up to 2 weeks. After the procedure, the endometrium heals by scarring, reducing or removing the possibility ... more details
Catamenial pneumothorax is a condition of pneumothorax collapsed lung pneumothorax occurring in conjunction with menstrual periods catamenial refers to menstruation , believed to be caused primarily by endometriosis of the pleura the membrane surrounding the lung . ref name mercksource http www.mercksource.com pp us cns cns hl dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd p 25zPzhtm 12652312 Definition from mercksource.com Dorlands Medical Dictionary ref Classification Catamenial pneumothorax is the most common form of thoracic endometriosis syndrome , which also includes catamenial hemothorax , catamenial hemoptysis , catamenial hemopneumothorax and endometriosis lung Nodule medicine nodule s, as well as some exceptional presentations. Symptoms and signs Onset of lung collapse is less than 72 hours after menstruation. Typically, it occurs in women aged 30 40 years, but has been diagnosed in young girls as early as 10 years of age and post menopausal women exclusively in women of menstrual age most with a history of pelvis pelvic endometriosis . Pathophysiology endometrium Endometrial tissue attaches within the thoracic cavity , forming chocolate like cyst s. Generally the parietal pleura is involved, but the lung itself, the visceral pleura visceral layer , the Thoracic diaphragm diaphragm , and more rarely the tracheobronchial tree may also be afflicted. ref name AmJMed Joseph J, Sahn SA. Thoracic endometriosis syndrome new observations from an analysis of 110 cases. Am J Med 1996 100 164 70. PMID 8629650 ref How this endometrium endometrial tissue reaches the thorax remains enigmatic. Defects in the diaphragm, which are found often in affected individuals, could provide an entry path, ref name chest Alifano M, Roth T, Broet SC, Schussler O, Magdeleinat P, Regnard JF. Catamenial pneumothorax a prospective study. Chest 2003 124 1004 8. PMID 12970030 ref as could microembolization through pelvic veins. ref Peikert T, Gillespie DJ, Cassi ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Endometrial hyperplasia Image Simple endometrial hyperplasia low mag.jpg Caption Micrograph showing simple endometrial hyperplasia, where the gland to stroma ratio is preserved but the glands have an irregular shape and or are dilated. Endometrial biopsy . H&E stain . DiseasesDB 4263 ICD10 ICD10 N 85 0 n 80 ICD9 ICD9 621.3 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 3334 eMedicine mult MeshID D004714 Endometrial hyperplasia is a condition of excessive proliferation of the cells of the endometrium , or inner lining of the uterus . Most cases of endometrial hyperplasia result from high levels of estrogen s, combined with insufficient levels of the progestagen progesterone like hormones which ordinarily counteract estrogen s proliferative effects on this tissue. This may occur in a number of settings, including obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome , estrogen producing tumours e.g. granulosa cell tumour and certain formulations of Hormone replacement therapy menopause estrogen replacement therapy . Endometrial hyperplasia is a significant risk factor for the development or even co existence of endometrial cancer , so careful monitoring and treatment of women with this disorder is essential. Classification Like other hyperplasia hyperplastic disorders, endometrial hyperplasia initially represents a physiology physiological response of endometrial tissue to the growth promoting actions of estrogen . However, the gland forming cells of a hyperplastic endometrium may also undergo changes over time which predispose them to cancer ous transformation. Several microscopic histopathology subtypes of endometrial hyperplasia are recognisable to the pathology pathologist , with different therapeutic and prognosis prognostic implications. ref name Weidner s cite book author Richard Cote, Saul Suster, Lawrence Weiss, Noel Weidner Editor title Modern Surgical Pathology 2 Volume Set publisher W B Saunders location London year 2002 pages isbn 0 7216 7253 1 ... more details
and hip mineral density and had no effect on the uterus and endometrium. ref name pmid19351734 cite ..., Omizo M title Effects of arzoxifene on bone mineral density and endometrium in postmenopausal women ... more details
of the endometrium may result in increased blood flow, e.g. from infection acute or chronic pelvic ... increase endometrium s surface area. Abnormalities of the endometrium such as adenomyosis so called ... NSAIDs Combined oral contraceptive pill s to prevent proliferation of the endometrium Third line Oral progestogen e.g. norethisterone , to prevent proliferation of the endometrium Injected progestogen ... more details
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