Infobox Disease Name Endophthalmitis Image Caption DiseasesDB 30828 ICD10 ICD10 H 44 0 h 43 ICD10 H 44 1 h 43 ICD9 ICD9 360.0 ICD9 360.1 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus 001626 eMedicineSubj emerg eMedicineTopic 880 eMedicine mult eMedicine2 oph 393 eMedicine2 oph 394 eMedicine2 oph 706 MeshID D009877 Endophthalmitis is an inflammation of the internal coats of the human eye eye . It is a dreaded complication of all eye surgery intraocular surgeries , particularly cataract surgery , with possible vision loss loss of vision and the eye itself. Infectious etiology is the most common and various bacteria and fungi have been isolated as the cause of the endophthalmitis. Other causes include penetrating trauma and retained intraocular foreign bodies. Signs and symptoms In cases of endophthalmitis, one usually finds a history of recent intraocular surgery or penetrating ocular trauma. In some cases of metastatic endophthalmitis particularly in immunocompromised patients or those with diabetes the spread of infection may have been hematogenous via the blood stream . Endophthalmitis is usually accompanied by severe pain, loss of vision, and redness of the conjunctiva and the underlying episclera . Also present are signs of inflammation of the various coats of the eye. Hypopyon can be present in endophthalmitis and should be looked for on examination by a slit lamp . An eye exam may indicated in severe forms of candidiasis . 1 3 of cases of candidal blood infections include endophthalmitis. Complications ... MD http journals.lww.com retinalcases Abstract publishahead Serratia Marcescens Endophthalmitis After 20 Gauge.99937.aspx Serratia Marcescens Endophthalmitis After 20 Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy ref ... Reflist External links Peters JR. http www.emedicine.com emerg topic880.htm Endophthalmitis. eMedicine.com. Accessed September 28, 2006. Wu L. http www.emedicine.com oph topic706.htm Endophthalmitis ... of the eye and adnexa Category Medical emergencies de Endophthalmitis it Endoftalmite nl Endoftalmitis ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Hypopyon Image Hypopyon.jpg Caption Hypopyon seen as yellowish exudate in lower part of anterior chamber of eye DiseasesDB 7150 ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 364.05 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Hypopyon is pus in the human eye eye . It is a leukocytic exudate, seen in the anterior chamber , usually accompanied by redness of the conjunctiva and the underlying episclera . It is a sign of inflammation of the anterior uvea and iris anatomy iris , i.e. iritis , which is a form of uveitis anterior uveitis . The exudate settles at the bottom due to gravity. Differential diagnosis Hypopyon can also be present in a corneal ulcer , particularly of fungal etiology like Aspergillus and Fusarium sp., Behcet s disease , endophthalmitis , and Uveitis panuveitis panophthalmitis . Hypopyon is also known as sterile pus , as it occurs due to the release of toxins and not by the actual invasion of pathogens. The toxins secreted by the pathogens mediate the outpouring of leukocytes that settle down in the anterior chamber of the eye. Hypopyon is the only pus in the body that does not require any specific treatment as treatment of the underlying cause results in its resolution. An inverse hypopyon needs to be differentiated from a standard hypopyon. Inverse hypopyon is seen sometimes after a pars plana vitrectomy with insertion of silicon oil as a replacement of the vitreous humour that has been removed in the operation the silicon oil maintains internal tamponade . When the silicon oil emulsifies, it seeps into the anterior chamber and settles at the top of the anterior chamber. Compare from the hypopyon resulting due to the toxins where the leukocytes settle at the bottom of the anterior chamber. This is due to the effect of gravity, hence the name inverse hypopyon. See also Hyphema Uveitis References Reflist Gonzalez Granado LI. Aspergillus endophthalmitis Pars plana vitrectomy is an alternative Indian J Med Sci 2009 63 8 366 367. doi 10.4103 0019 5 ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome TASS is an acute, sterile anterior segment inflammation following generally uneventful cataract and anterior segment surgery. One of the main factors in differentiating TASS from an infectious endophthalmitis is the rapid onset. Most patients with TASS will develop symptoms within 12 to 24 hours of the surgery. Common findings on anterior segment slit lamp examination include increased cell and flare with associated fibrin and possible hypopyon formation. Patients may show signs of diffuse corneal edema , and they may also show signs of iris anatomy iris atrophy with pupillary abnormalities and eventual increased intraocular pressure. It is important to differentiate sterile postoperative inflammation from infectious endophthalmitis as the evaluation and treatment of these patients are markedly different. Patients with TASS will often respond quite rapidly to treatment with intense topical corticosteroid s. It is important that the patients be evaluated often to ensure that the inflammation is clearing and that the patient s intraocular pressure is under control. The clearing of the inflammation and eventual patient outcome is related to the severity of the toxic insult at the time of surgery. Fortunately, most patients reported to date are in the category of a moderate toxic inflammation. TASS may be related to problems with any irrigating solution or other solution placed in the patient s eye during surgery including Balanced Salt Solution BSS or anything added to the BSS. Material placed in the eye during surgery such as anesthetic s, Ophthalmic Viscoelastic Devices OVD , antibiotics , or other medications has been found to be related to TASS. Problems related to the cleaning and sterilization of instruments for cataract surgery have been found to be a common source of TASS. Category Diseases of the eye and adnexa ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Ocular larva migrans Image Caption DiseasesDB 29738 ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Ocular larva migrans is the ocular form of the larva migrans syndrome that occurs when Toxocara toxocara canis larvae invade the eye. They may be associated with visceral larva migrans . Unilateral visual disturbances, strabismus , and eye pain are the most common presenting symptoms. Exam findings The disease presents with an eosinophilic granulomatous mass, most commonly in the posterior pole of the retina. The granulmatous mass develops around the entrapped larva, in an attempt to contain the spread of the larva. Differential diagnosis The retinal lesion can mimic retinoblastoma in appearance, and mistaken diagnosis of the latter condition can lead to unnecessary Enucleation of the Eye enucleation . Complications The eye involvement can cause the following inflammatory disorders endophthalmitis uveitis chorioretinitis Epidemiology In contrast to visceral larva migrans, ocular toxocariasis usually develops in older children or young adults with no history of pica. These patients seldom have eosinophilia or visceral manifestations. References reflist Category Diseases of the eye and adnexa eye stub es Larva migrans ocular ja pt Larva migrans ocular ... more details
Taxobox color lightgrey name Rothia dentocariosa regnum Bacterium Bacteria phylum classis ordo familia genus Rothia species dentocariosa Rothia dentocariosa is a species of gram positive bacteria gram positive , round to rod shaped bacteria that is part of the normal Oral microbiology community of microbes residing in the mouth and respiratory tract . First isolated from dental caries , Rothia dentocariosa is largely benign, but does very rarely cause disease. The most common Rothia infection is endocarditis , typically in people with underlying heart valve disorders. ref name Ricaurte Cite pmid 11332915 ref Literature case reports show other tissues that are rarely infected include the peritoneum , ref name pmid18159489 cite journal author Morris SK, Nag S, Suh KN, A Evans G title Recurrent chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis associated infection due to rothia dentocariosa journal Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol volume 15 issue 3 pages 171 3 year 2004 month May pmid 18159489 pmc 2094970 doi url ref , tonsils ref name tonsils Cite pmid 15876953 ref , lung ref name Ricaurte , cornea ref name cornea Cite pmid 17133072 ref , inner layers of the eye Endophthalmitis ref name endophthalmitis Cite pmid 11757983 ref and brain and intercranial tissues ref name Ricaurte . It has been implicated in periodontal disease , and one hypothesis is that Rothia periodontal disease, or dental procedures in turn, may be first steps in the infection of other tissues ref name Ricaurte . One case reports on a fatal Rothia dentocariosa infection of a fetus in utero ref name fetalinfection Cite pmid 17980173 ref . Another reports the bacterium was responsible for septic arthritis in the knee of a person treated with etanercept for rheumatoid arthritis . ref name Favero Cite pmid 19966198 ref Like other Rothia infections reported in the literature, once the cause of infection was identified, this responded fully to treatment with antibiotics . Rothia infections may be treated with penicilli ... more details
endophthalmitis . ref cite journal last Tibra first N. K. coauthors Jalali, S., Reddy, A. K., Narayanan, R., Agarwal, R. title Traumatic endophthalmitis caused by Staphylococcus gallinarum journal ... more details
Interventions infobox Name Evisceration ophthalmology Image Caption ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 mult MeshID D017234 OPS301 OtherCodes An evisceration is the removal of the human eye eye s contents, leaving the sclera l shell and extraocular muscles intact. ref name Cassin Cassin, B. and Solomon, S. Dictionary of Eye Terminology . Gainsville, Florida Triad Publishing Company, 1990. ref ref name Zein Zein W. http www.eyeweb.org evisceration.htm Evisceration, Enucleation, and Exenteration. Eyeweb.org. Accessed September 25, 2006. ref The procedure is usually performed to reduce pain or improve cosmesis in a blindness blind eye, as in cases of endophthalmitis unresponsive to antibiotic s. ref name Cassin ref name Zein An ocular prosthetic can be fitted over the eviscerated eye in order to improve cosmesis. ref http www.ocularists.org evisceration.htm Evisceration . Ocularist Association of California. Accessed September 25, 2006. ref Either general anesthesia general or local anesthetic s may be used during eviscerations, with antibiotics and anti inflammatory agents injected intravenously . ref name Bio Eye http www.ioi.com surgeon tech evisc.html Surgical Technique Evisceration . Bio Eye Orbital Implants. Accessed September 25, 2006. ref See also Enucleation of the eye Eye surgery Oculoplastics References Reflist External links http www.mrcophth.com oculoplasticgallery evisceration evisceration.html Surgical photos Warning graphic content http www.ericksonlabs.com v Artificial Eyes eye conditions.asp Leading conditions of Eye Loss Eye procedures Category Eye surgery hr Evisceracija oftalmologija sh Evisceracija oftalmologija ... more details
Alfred Carl Graefe 23 November 1830 12 April 1899 was a German ophthalmologist born in Martinskirchen . He studied medicine in Halle, Saxony Anhalt Halle and Berlin , and later became a professor of ophthalmology at the University of Halle . He was cousin to famed oculist Albrecht von Graefe . Alfred Graefe was known for his work with ocular motility disorders, particularly strabismus . He was a pioneer of aseptic ophthalmic surgery in a mission to prevent surgical complications such as endophthalmitis . Also, he assisted Edwin Theodor Saemisch in publishing the epic ophthalmological work titled Handbuch des gesamten Augenheilkunde . Graefe was physician to composer Franz Liszt when the latter suffered from failing vision. A date for cataract surgery was planned in September 1886, however Liszt died during the summer, and the surgery never took place. Written works Klinische Analyse der Motilit tsst rungen des menschlichen Auges Berlin 1858 . Symptomenlehre der Augenmuskell hmungen 1867 . Ein Wort zur Erinnerung an A. v. Graefe Halle 1870 . Handbuch der gesamten Augenheilkunde , Leipzig 1874 80 with Theodor Saemisch References http medweb.bham.ac.uk easdec eyetextbook Liszt franz.htm Essay on Graefe & Liszt Parts of this article are based on a translation of the equivalent article from the German Wikipedia. Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Graefe, Alfred Carl ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 23 November 1830 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 12 April 1899 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Graefe, Alfred Carl Category 1830 births Category 1899 deaths Category German ophthalmologists Category People from the Province of Saxony Category Humboldt University of Berlin alumni Category University of Halle Wittenberg alumni Category University of Halle Wittenberg faculty de Alfred Graefe sv Alfred von Graefe ... more details
Lipophilic bacteria fat liking bacteria are bacteria that may proliferate in lipids . Types They include lipophilic corynebacteria . ref name cmr http cmr.asm.org cgi reprint 10 1 125.pdf Clinical Microbiology of Coryneform Bacteria GUIDO FUNKE,1 ALEXANDER VON GRAEVENITZ,1 JILL E. CLARRIDGE III,2 AND KATHRYN A. BERNARD3 Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zu rich, Zu rich, Switzerland1 Laboratory Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas2 and Special Bacteriology Laboratory, Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada3 ref Propionibacterium acnes is a type of liphophilic bacteria, ref http www.muzisyenlerkulubu.com acnetreatments.asp Natural Acne Treatments Guide How to get rid of pimples ref releasing fatty acids and worsening comedone s. However, the group of lipophilic bacteria are not pathogenic, i.e. they don t cause food poisoning or food infection ref name jensen http www.springerlink.com content 2203u0385q2n1v5r fulltext.pdf The Action of Microorganisms on Fats By L. B. JENSEN and D. P. GRETTIE Swift & Company Laboratories, Chicago, Ill. Published 1933, so feel free to replace ref Health risks Most materials in laboratories and health care centers have small amounts of lipids on their surface, and thus may support the proliferation of lipophilic bacteria. ref http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S0886335004006741 Postoperative endophthalmitis. Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery, Volume 30, Issue 11, Pages 2441 2444 C. Ferrer, J. Ruiz Moreno, A. Rodr guez, J. Montero, J. Ali ref However, since they are not pathogenic, ref name jensen this is not a serious threat. Lipophilic bacteria may also proliferate in diet fat. However, in modern food industry this is very rare ref name jensen and at worst causes a discoloration of the fat ref name jensen Commercial Use Many lipophilic bacteria are a good source of Biosurfactants ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Morganella morganii status image image width domain bacterium Bacteria regnum bacterium Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Gammaproteobacteria ordo Enterobacteriaceae Enterobacteriales familia Enterobacteriaceae tribus Proteeae ref name eMedicine genus Morganella species M. morganii synonyms Proteus morganii br small Winslow et al., 1919 br Yale, 1939 small ref name UniProt UniProt. http www.uniprot.org taxonomy 582 Morganella morganii Proteus morganii ref subspecies M. m. morganii br M. m. sibonii binomial Morganella morganii binomial authority Winslow et al., 1919 br Fulton, 1943 br Brenner et al., 1978 ref name UniProt Morganella morganii is a species of Gram negative bacillus shape bacillus bacterium bacteria . ref name eMedicine eMedicine. http emedicine.medscape.com article 222443 overview Morganella infections ref It is oxidase negative and is a facultative anaerobe . It causes a disease known as Summer Diarrhea. Morganella morganii , being a member of the tribe Proteae of the family Enterobacteriaceae, is a Gram negative bacillus with two subspecies M. morganii and M. sibonii . This bacterium is found in the environment and in the intestinal tract of humans and other organisms. There are several symptoms that this bacterium can cause sepsis, ecthyma, endophthalmitis, choirioamnionitis, and more commonly urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, meningitis, and septic arthritis. Some treatments may include the use of various antibiotics or a combination of the following ciprofloxacin, piperacillin or tazobactam, amoxicillin clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and cefuroxime monotherapy. A study conducted at the University Hospital at Heralkion, Crete, Greece showed a 92 success rate in the use of these antibiotics. Polymicrobial infections are most abundantly caused by this microbe which additionally damages the skin, soft tissues, and urogenital tract can be cured through use of the aforementioned antibiotic ... more details
endophthalmitis in eyes with the Boston keratoprosthesis. Cornea. Sep 2009 28 8 896 901 ref Life long ... include retroprosthetic membrane RPM , elevated intraocular pressure glaucoma, infectious endophthalmitis ... endophthalmitis were reported in this large series. A large single surgeon series with 57 ... course of 3 of eyes. The rate of infectious endophthalmitis in this study was 10 . A retrospective ... complications included RPM in 65 and high IOP in 38 . Infectious endophthalmitis complicated 11 ... more details
Infobox disease Name Keratomycosis Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 B 49 b 35 , ICD10 H 19 2 h 15 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj oph eMedicineTopic 99 MeshID A fungal keratitis is an inflammation of the human eye eye s cornea called keratitis that results from infection by a fungal organism. Keratomycosis is the Greek terminology equivalent of fungal keratitis it is the fungal infection of the cornea , the anterior part of the human eye eye which covers the pupil . Those experiencing these symptoms are typically advised to immediately visit the appropriate eyecare professional . Classification Infectious keratitis can be bacterial, fungal or viral. Remarkable differences in presentation of the patient allows presumptive diagnosis by the eye care professional, helping in institution of appropriate anti infective therapy. Clinical features The symptoms of fungal keratitis are blurred vision, a red and painful eye that does not improve when contact lenses are removed, or on antibiotic treatment, increased sensitivity to light photophobia , and excessive tearing or discharge. The symptoms are markedly less as compared to a similar bacterial ulcer. Signs The eyelids and adnexa involved shows edema and redness, conjuctiva is chemosed. Ulcer may be present. It is a dry looking corneal ulcer with satellite lesions in the surrounding cornea. Usually associated with fungal ulcer is hypopyon which is mostly white fluffy in appearance. Rarely, it may extend to the posterior segment to cause endophthalmitis in later stages, leading to the destruction of the eye. Note Fungal endophthalmitis is extremely rare Causes Filamentous fungi Aspergillus fumigatus Fusarium spp. Yeasts Candida genus Candida Pathophysiology The precipitating event for fungal keratitis is trauma with a vegetable organic matter. A thorn injury, or in agriculture workers, trauma with a wheat plant while cutting the harvest is typical. This implants the fungus directly in the cornea. The fungus gro ... more details
ref endophthalmitis , ref name Yu 2002 cite journal author Yu EN, Foster CS title Chronic postoperative endophthalmitis due to Pseudomonas oryzihabitans journal Am. J. Ophthalmol. volume ... more details
of globe ICD10 H 44 0 h 43 Purulent endophthalmitis Panophthalmitis Vitreous absces ICD10 H 44 1 h 43 Other endophthalmitis Sympathetic uveitis ICD10 H 44 2 h 43 Degenerative myopia ICD10 H 44 ... more details
for bacterial endophthalmitis numerous publications 1973 1982 ref Many peer reviewed publications ... Bacterial endophthalmitis Treatment with intraocular injection of gentamicin and dexamethasone 1974 ... more details
endophthalmitis caused by Paecilomyces lilacinus after intraocular lens implantation journal American ... WJ title Fungal endophthalmitis following intraocular lens implantation. A surgical epidemic journal ... more details
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